a) Prejudice refers to the feeling and attitude someone holds about in a group.

It is not
based on experience instead it is a prejudgment originating outside actual experience.
When the negative feeling of prejudice is changed into an ability to act, the result is
descrimination. It is a differential behaviour directed towards members of different social
groups.

b) Two techniques that can reduce prejudice are, the first one is to learn not to hate others.
According to the social learning view, children acquire negative attitudes towards other
social groups because they hear such views expressed by significant others. Also,
people’s own direct experience with people belonging to other groups can also shape
attitudes. We need to learn not to judge and hate other groups so that we can prevent
prejudice.

Next is the potential benefits of contact. One of the reasons that people hold prejudice is
because they view the members of outgroups as different from them. We may become
concerned that our interactions with other groups will be unpleasant and these anxieties
may lead us to avoid interacting with other group members. For example, we are from
accounting students and we think that all of the law students are very arrogant. This
makes us don't want to interact with them as we think that the law students are looking
down towards us. The way to prevent this is to increase the contact between members
so that we can know their true behaviour. Maybe we see that all of the law students are
very arrogant but actually they are so friendly.

c) Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to

be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social groups. Stereotype threat has
been shown to reduce the performance of individuals who belong to negatively
stereotyped groups. If negative stereotypes are present regarding specific groups, group
members are likely to become anxious about their performance.

One example of a stereotype that is commonly experienced by university students in

Malaysia is that, when a student thinks that he or she does not belong to the course that
they are taking. For example, when an introvert student taking law subjects he or she will
think that he or she does not belong in the groups. Most of the law students are the one
who are super friendly and talkative. But for an introvert student as they do not talk
much, they will feel that all of the people inside the group will think negatively towards
him or her.