Ncma 215 - Finals

Our Lady of Fatima University - Antipolo
Bachelor of Science in Nursing | 2nd Year Summer
NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

Lecturer: Ms. Shiella May Edquibal
Transcribed by: Guibo, Julia
WEEK 11: EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES comparative studies, correlation studies, and case
IN NUTRITION PRACTICE reports
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IV: Evidence obtained from expert committee reports or
● Conscientious use of current best evidence in opinions and clinical experiences of authorities
making decisions about patient care GRADE RANKING RECOMMENDATIONS
● Conscientious, problem-solving approach to
RANK REMARKS
clinical practice that incorporates:
- Well-designed studies HIGH Confident that the effect
- Patient values and preferences in the study reflect the
- Clinician’s expertise in making decisions actual effect
about patient care
● Guide for nurses in their practice that came from MODERATE Quite confident that the
effect in the study is close
an integration of an exhaustive literature review, to the true effect but it is
input of clinical experts, and studies of patient also possible it is
preferences substantially different
● Customized to patient’s nutritional needs and
specific conditions LOW True effect may differ
HIERARCHY OF EVIDENCES significantly from the
estimate
1. Primary Studies
- Randomized controlled trial VERY LOW True effect is likely to be
➔ Tests, treatments substantially different
- Cohort studies from the estimated effect
➔ Exposed cohort is observed for THE IOWA MODEL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
outcome It is a 5 step process:
- Case Control Studies 1. Beginning with the identification of the
➔ Subjects already of interest nursing problem and readings about the
looking for risk factors situation or problem identified
2. Secondary, pre-appraised studies - Nursing problem prioritized may be
- Clinical practice guidelines about meeting the nutritional need of a
- Meta-analysis systematic review well patient or a health deficit patient
3. No Design - Cost-effectiveness may be a concern or
- Case reports the inadequacy of skills for food
- Case series preparation
- Narrative reviews 2. Reconciling with the priorities of the
- Expert opinions organization
- Editorials - Conduct of studies will require
4. No humans involved resources and collaboration will help
- Animal and laboratory studies guide the nurses to appropriate focus
STATEMENT OF EVIDENCE 3. A core group or a team is identified
IA: Evidence obtained from meta-analysis of RCTs - Representatives may have an interest
IB: Evidence obtained from at least 1 RCT on the project or study and avoids
IIA: Evidence obtained from at least 1 well-designed duplication of tasks as committees are
controlled study without randomization in placed
IIB: Evidence obtained from at least 1 other type of
well-designed quasi-experimental study 4. Implementation of the project
III: Evidence obtained from well-designed and - Review of literatures relevant to the
non-experimental descriptive studies, such as project must be done

- Abstracts, bibliography, conference ●Mandated the integration of Nutrition
proceedings,thesis, and dissertations Education in the school curriculum
5. Evaluate the project/study implemented 2. PD NO. 491 (1974): NUTRITION ACT OF THE
- Literatures are synthesized PH
- Members of the group may divide the ● The National Nutrition Council was
workload and understand the scientific created as the country’s policy-making
basis for implementing any changes body on nutrition
A THOROUGH REVIEW OF LITERATURES ● Council was reorganized through EO
AVAILABLE IS DONE AND CRITIQUING AND No. 234 (1987) and AO No. 88 (1988)
SYNTHESIS FOLLOWS. THE FOLLOWING MUST BE ● Month of July was designated as the
LOOKED INTO: NUTRITION MONTH under Section 7 to
1. Consistency of the findings across the studies create awareness on the importance of
2. Types and quality of the studies nutrition
3. Relevance of the findings to clinical practice 3. EO 51 (1986): NATIONAL CODE OF
4. Adequacy of the studies using a population MARKETING OF BREASTMILK
similar to that of the organization, where the SUBSTITUTES, BREASTMILK
findings may be applied SUPPLEMENTS, AND OTHER RELATED
5. Feasibility of the findings in practice PRODUCTS
6. Risk-benefit ratio ● Ensures that safe and adequate
nutrition for infants is provided
● Protects and promotes breastfeeding
● Informs the public about the proper use
of breastmilk substitutes and
supplements
4. RA 7394 (1992): CONSUMER ACT OF THE PH
● Designed to prevent business that
engage in fraud or unfair practices
● Provides addtional protection for the
weak and those unable to take care of
themselves
● Consumer Rights
➔ Right to basic needs
➔ Right to safety
➔ Right to information
➔ Right to choice
➔ Right to representation
➔ Right to redress
➔ Right to consumer education
➔ Right to a healthy environment
5. RA 7600 (1992): THE ROOMING-IN AND
BREASTFEEDING ACT
● Act providing incentives to all
government and private health
WEEK 13: LEGAL MANDATES RELATED TO institutions with rooming-in and
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY breastfeeding practices
1. LOI 441 ● Promotes the State policy to encourage
the practice of breastfeeding in the PH

6. RA 8172 (1995): ACT FOR SALT IODIZATION
upgrading their
NATIONWIDE (ASIN LAW) technologies by providing
● To protect and promote health of the financial assistance and
people and maintain an effective food other non-monetary
regulatory system assistance
● To provide the entire population with
proper nutrition DOST Helps in developing and
implementing
● Contributes to the elimination of
comprehensive programs
micronutrient malnutrition, particularly for the design of
iodine deficiency disorders, through machines
cost-effective preventive measures
7. RA 8976 (2000): FOOD FORTIFICATION ACT LAND BANK OF THE PH Assist manufacturers by
● Program shall consist of (1) Voluntary AND LIVELIHOOD providing preferential
CORPORATION loans at preferential rates
Food Fortification and (20 Mandatory
Food Fortification 8. RA 9711 (2008): FOOD AND DRUG
● Section 5. Voluntary Food Fortification: ADMINISTRATION ACT
Under the Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program ● Strengthens and rationalizes the
(SPSP), the Dept. shall encourage the regulatory of BFAD by establishing
fortification of all processed foods or adequate testing laboratories for food
food products based on rules and and drugs
regulations which the DOH through 9. RA 10028 (2009): EXPANDED
BFAD shall issue BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION ACT
● Section 6. Mandatory Food Fortification ● Expands the promotion of
- (a) the fortification for staple foods breastfeeding, amending for the
based on standard sets by the DOH purpose of RA NO. 7600
through the BFAD is mandatory ● Provisions:
● National Food Fortification Day ➔ Lactation stations in every
➔ Conducted annually on private enterprises, and gov’t
November 7, pursuant to EO agencies
382, which recognizes the ➔ Lactation periods for
persistence of micronutrient breastfeeding employees,
deficiencies as a public health time-off for meals, and allow
problem time to express breastmilk
● The Key Agencies in the Program ➔ Breast milk banks in health
institutions to store pasteurized
AGENCY PURPOSE
breast milk donated by
DOH Responsible for breastfeeding mothers
implementation and ➔ Inclusion of breastfeeding in the
monitoring of the law curriculum of schools
NATIONAL NUTRITION Serves as the

COUNCIL policy-making body in
10. RA 10611 (2013): FOOD SAFETY ACT
determining what food
vehicles should be ● Framework for implementing the farm to
fortified and with what fork Food Safety Regulatory System
nutrients ● Strengthen the food safety regulatory
system in the country
DTI Assists manufacturers in ● Food Safety Awareness Week

➔ Yearly campaign in the PH ● Mandate: judicial command precept issued by a
aimed at the importance of safe court, directing an officer to enforce a judgment
and clean food or decree
➔ Week-long celebration falls ● EO: acts of the President providing rules of a
every October and proclaimed general character in implementation of
on August 1999 by virtue of constitutional powers
Proclamation No. 160, signed ● PD: innovation made by President Ferdinand
by President Joseph Estrada Marcos with proclamation of Martial Law
● Food Safety ● RA: piece of legislation used to create policy in
➔ Assurance that food will not order to carry out principles of the Constitution
cause harm to the consumers ● Food Fortification: addition of one or more
when prepared or eaten essential nutrients to food
● Food and Water-born Diseases
➔ Group of illness caused by any WEEK 14: ETHICO-MORAL PRINCIPLES AND
infectious and non-infectious CULTURAL-SPIRITUAL PREFERENCES
agents National Genomic
● Allergy Awareness Month ● Study of genes and their functions
➔ Held in May and a time to learn ● Addresses all genes and their inter-relationships
more about food allergies and in order to identify their combined influence on
how to keep those with allergies the growth and development of the organism
safe Ethico-Moral Principles: Nutritional Support and
11. RA 10862 (2015): NUTRITION AND End-Of-Life (EOL) Decision Making
DIETETICS LAW OF 2016 ● Scope of nursing practice as mandated by the
● Regulates the practice of Nutrition and Ra 9173: Philippine Nurses Act of 2002 stated
Dietetics in the PH in Article VI Section 28, that nurses shall
● Recognizes the important role of collaborate with other healthcare professionals
registered nutritionist-dietitians in nation for the curative, preventive, and rehabilitative
building and human development aspects of care, restoration of health, alleviation
through adequate nutrition of suffering, and when recovery is not possible,
● Promotes the sustained development of towards a peaceful death
RNDs ● Nurses are duty-bound to observe the Code of
12. RA 11148 (2018): KALUSUGAN AT Ethics for nurses and uphold standards of safe
NUTRISYON NG MAG-NANAY ACT nursing practice
● President Duterte signed on November ● Applies in the “end-of-life” care of patient
29 that RA 11148 “An Act Scaling up the Cultural and Spiritual Influences related to Nutritional
National and Local Health and Nutrition Support
Programs though a Strengthened ● Thesis conducted by Cynthia S. Klement
Integrated Strategy for Maternal, entitled, “Intercultural Competence for the
Neonatal, Child Health, and Nutrition in Nutrition Professional”, the author believes that
the First 1000 Days of Life the diversity training for nutrition care
● Strengthens the national and local professionals is essential in order to provide
health nutrition programs for pregnant patients with culture-specific strategies that
and lactating women, adolescent girls, allow them to succeed with their health
infants, and young children in the first programs
1000 days of life ● Knowledge of intercultural nonverbal and verbal
Terminologies behaviors is necessary as it makes the ultimate
medical decisions for patients

Cultural-Spiritual Varation in Relation to Nutritional and ➔ Believes that good appetite is
Dietary Support an indicator of good health
1. Cultural Variations ➔ Male head of the household
● Filipino makes decisions regarding
➔ Believes that ill health is a result healthcare
of an imbalance brought by ● Russian
personal negligence or ➔ Positive outlooks on treatment
immorality plans
➔ Believes that caring for the body ➔ Will not discuss mental illness or
with rest, nutrition, exercise, and sexual history
sleep will result in balance ➔ Prefers alternative treatments
➔ Tends not to seek healthcare ➔ May request for hot, soft, warm
and tends to be stoic regarding foods when will
pain ➔ Decision maker of the family
➔ Consults with family members regarding healthcare is the the
first in the decision-making member with the strongest
process of care personality
➔ Believes in the Hot and Cold ➔ Believes illness to be God
Theory of Healing testing their faith, God’s
➔ Adherence is common as they punishment or God’s will
respect healthcare professionals ➔ Turns to spiritual healers to
➔ Believes life is controlled by speed healing process
supernatural forces and will of ● South African
God ➔ Balance with nature is stressed
● African Americans in their health beliefs
➔ Believes that illness is the work ➔ Believes that illness may befall
of the devil, a spell has been a person from God
casted, God’s punishment, or ➔ Believes that evil eye can bring
exposure to cold air illness or harm
➔ Consumes green leafy ➔ Believes that high blood
vegetables often when sick pressure is caused by eating
➔ Literacy may be an issue when beets, carrots, pork, drinking
they sign health forms grape or red wine
➔ Family spokesperson is usually ➔ Believes that “low blood
the eldest male of the family anemia” occurs by including
● Korean pickled foods, lemon juice, or
➔ Follows Chinese principles of vinegar
yin and yang, the five elements, ➔ “Bad blood” is caused by
and chi supernatural forces,
➔ Adhere to health beliefs contamination, unclean blood
regarding cold, damp, heat, and that happens during winter
wind are causing illness ➔ Pica can be an issue when
➔ Believes that the intervention of nonnutritive objects are
ancestors, supernatural forces consumed
and excessive emotions can ● Asian Indian
result to illness ➔ Illness is viewed as being
caused by God punishing them

for their sins in the present or ➔ Strictly forbidden foods are pork
past life and shellfish
➔ Illness can results in body ➔ Meat and dairy products are not
imbalances but can wash away to be mixed at the same meal
a person’s sins ➔ Fasting is observed on Yom
➔ Holds strong belief in Ayurvedic Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, and
medicine that classifies foods as Passover
pitta, kapha, or vata ➔ Adheres to Kosher Diet
➔ Decision make is typically the ➔ 14 Million practicing Judaism
mother, grandmother, or eldest
son WEEK 15: LIFE-LONG LEARNING ACTIVITIES
2. Spiritual Variations LIFE-LONG LEARNING
● Christianity ● What an individual learns throughout a lifetime
➔ Avoidance of meat during Holy ● Self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal
Week or professional reasons
➔ 7th Day Adventists evade ● Instills creativity, initiative, and responsiveness in
consumption of alcoholic, people
caffeinated, and hot beverages ● Does not only enhance social inclusion, active
➔ 2.1 Billion Christians in the citizenship, and individual development, but also
world increases competitiveness and employability
● Islam ● A method of self-initiated edification that is
➔ Prohibits pork and products concentrated on individual development
made from animal fat ● Learning that occurs outside a formal education
➔ Forbids “haram” foods such as ● Best described as voluntary educating oneself
meat, shellfish, bread fermented with determination of achieving personal
with yeast, gelatin from pork fulfillment
used in making cheese, alcohol, ● Recognizes the education that can be learned
caffeinated drinks, and coffee outside the classroom
➔ Month of Ramadan mandates Knowledge
for fasting from dawn to dusk ● Ability to understand and recall information
➔ 1.5 Billion practicing Islamic
faith Skills
● Hinduism ● Ability to perform an activity with proficiency
➔ Vegetarianism is their norm diet Competence
➔ Beef is forbidden ● Combination of skills and knowledge applied in
➔ 900 Million people practice context to achieve a desired outcome
Hinduism Life-Learning Activities
● Confucianism and Taoism 1. Library search
➔ Traditional Chinese religions do ● Search engine wherein an individual can
not impose dietary restrictions have access to all resources in the
➔ 394 Million practice this religion library
● Buddhism ● Allows to search across all resources
➔ Common in the SE Asia ● Includes articles, books, journals,
➔ Practices vegetarianism images, newspapers
➔ 376 Million people are
RESOURCES FOUND IN LIBRARY SEARCH
Buddhists
● Judaism

classroom discussion, and
Books or e-books
debates
Journals ➔ Covers wide ranges of subjects
4. Information technology of nutrition and dietetics
Full-text articles ● Incorporated into the teaching program
of Nutrition and Dietetics as the
Library catalogs
development of the technology has
E-journals catalogs become a growing influence
EMERGING EXAMPLES
Database collections TECHNOLOGIES
2. Access online resources
● Accessible via internet and WWW Stand-alone applications ● Nutrient analysis
● Clinical nutrition
● Exemplary data and educational as it
● Food and
provides useful information nutrition
● Web pages, documents, and support education
software on the internet are considered instructional
as resources programs and
games
RESOURCES FOUND ONLINE ● Production tools
Online newspaper Linkage applications and ● Email

global information ● Regional
Online magazine highway networking tools
● Food and
Television website nutrition online
services
Peer-reviewed journals ● Electronic
bulletin-board
Webpages systems
Forums and blogs
3. Current events
● Information about what is happening in
the world
● Helps understand the importance of
events studied to encourage exploration
and learn more about the news
● Motivates students to pay attention to
WEEK 16: FILIPINO CULTURE, VALUES,
the news they see
PRACTICES, AND BELIEFS RELATED TO
● Benefits:
NUTRITION AND THERAPY
➔ Opens communication between
Filipino food is influenced by the fusion of Oriental,
students and parents
European, and American cuisine that was adapted to
➔ Developed into informed
local ingredients.
citizens and lifelong news
As the Philippines is facing various nutrition and health
readers
problems, food-based dietary guidelines were
➔ Helps teachers teach media
developed. These are the Nutritional Guidelines for
literacy skills
Filipinos (NGF), Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid
➔ Offer ideal opportunities for
(DNGP), Kumainments, and Pinggang Pinoy.
cooperative-group instruction,

FILIPINO CULTURE ● Hand wash before eating
● The traditional Filipino diet is higher in total fat, 5. Mexican Heritage
saturated fat, and cholesterol ● Rice, beans, and tortillas are core
● Pork, fish, and vegetables = top consumed food essential foods
● Loves to attend fiestas and birthday parties ● Many people are lactose intolerant
● Abundant food served (buffet style) with roasted ● Being overweight is viewed as positive
pig as the centerpiece ● Sweet fruit drinks are popular
● Loves to eat in fast food restaurants with eat all ● Main meal of the day is at noon time
you can promos RELIGIONS AND DIETARY PRACTICES
● 3 meals a day with a mid-morning and later 1. Catholics
afternoon meriendas ● No meat on Ash Wednesday and Good
● Typical Filipino meal consists of a main seafood Friday
or meat dish served with soup, vegetables and ● Optional fasting during Lent Season
rice, with tea or coffee 2. Islam
● Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are the same where ● No pork, alcohol, drugs
it’s usually a Filipino-style rice with pieces of ● Daytime fasting during Ramadan
meat and vegetables 3. Buddhist
NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES AND PREFERENCES ● Vegetarians
AMONG DIFFERENT CULTURES ● No alcohol and drugs
1. African American 4. Hinduism
● Gift of foods are common and should ● No beef and veal
not be rejected ● Cow is sacred animal for them
● High in fat, cholesterol, and sodium ● Vegetarians
● Overweight is viewed as positive 5. Jehovah’s Witness
● Most people are lactose intolerant ● No food with blood
2. Arab Heritage ● Allows animal flesh that has been
● Spices and herbs are mostly used drained from blood
● Meats are roasted or simmered (lamb or 6. Judaism
chicken) ● No meat and milk combination (Kosher
● Bread is served at every meal Diet)
● Muslims do not eat pork, every meat ● No pork
must be well done ● No scavenger fish (shrimps, crabs, and
● Food is eaten with the right hand fish with no scales)
● Beverages are drank after meal, not
during 7. 7th Day Adventist
3. Chinese Heritage ● No alcohol, coffee, tea
● Foods are served at meals in a specific ● No meat and scavenger fish
order ● No procedures on Saturdays
● No ice in their drinks
● Each region in China has their own WEEK 17: ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
traditional diet ON NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
4. Jewish Heritage NUTRIPRENEURSHIP/DIETITIAN
● Meat and milk are not eaten at the same ENTREPRENEURSHIP
time ● Nutripreneurship
● No pork - Practice that results in creativity,
● No blood in meats. It must be drained innovation, development, and growth of
first nutrition businesses

● Entrepreneurship ●
Promotes healthy eating, healthy body
- Self-willing and approached business image, healthy travel, and healthy living
firm that starts with a limited investment ● Teachers the “diet mentality” that
where they paved their own pathway practices carbohydrates restricting and
with efforts and ideas calorie counting to women
● Nutripreneur 4. Cyndi O’Meara (Changing Habits)
- Person in the field of nutrition and ● Nutritionist that lets you eat chocolate
dietetics entrepreneurship and can be good for you
- Nutritionists innovators who use a ● Founded Changing Habits that provides
process of changing the current information on nutrition and healthy
situation of the existing products and eating
services to setup new products and ● Goal is to make a significant impact on
services people’s health by improving lives
Nutripreneurs are the trained and skilled entrepreneurs through education and nutrition
who may engage in a field such as: ● Empowers people through knowledge,
1. Private nutrition/Diet clinics allowing people to eliminate unhealthy
2. Researcher firms habits on their own
3. School nutrition facilitators
4. Gyms and workout firms
5. Nutrition counselor, bloggers, webinars
6. Consultant nutraceutical based firms
7. Nutritionists and dietitians in private practice
8. Innovators in providing nutrition products
(functional foods) and services to consumers,
industry, media, and businesses
THE GREATEST ENTREPRENEUR IN NUTRITION
1. Steph Lowe (The Natural Nutritionist)
● A sports nutritionist
● Offers a gluten-free diet to increase
wellness and optimum personal
wellness
● Specializes in natural and gluten-free
food to fuel for high performance sports
● Role is to break through the clutter and
guide individuals to a personalized
nutrition plan
2. Kate Freeman (The Healthy Eating Hub)
● A registered nutritionist, author, and
consultant
● Founder and managing director of The
Healthy Eating Hub that offers
consultations on a range of areas
including weight management, meal
planning, family, and sports nutrition
3. Jessica Sepel (JSHealth)
● A clinical nutritionist, blogger, and
founder of JSHealth

Ncma 215 - Finals

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ncma 215 - Finals

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Our Lady of Fatima University - Antipolo

Bachelor of Science in Nursing | 2nd Year Summer

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NATIONAL NUTRITION Serves as the

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

Online newspaper Linkage applications and ● Email

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

NCMA 215: NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

You might also like