LO1: Be able to determine the

effects of loading in static

engineering systems.
BTI-Fahim
 Concepts
• Resultant of forces by drawing:
• Resultant by formula

•𝑅= 𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2

𝐹𝑦 = 5 𝑁
Resultant=? N

𝐹𝑥 = 5 𝑁
 Resultant by resolution of forces
• Three forces are applied to a point. Determine the resultant.

Force 𝑭𝒙 𝑭𝒚
(kN)
𝐴=𝟖 8𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 6.93 8𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 4
𝐵 = 𝟏𝟐 −12𝑐𝑜𝑠50° = −7.71 12𝑠𝑖𝑛50° = 9.19
𝐶=𝟒 −4 0
Total −𝟒. 𝟕𝟖 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟗
 Force 𝑭𝒙 𝑭𝒚
(kN)
𝐴=𝟖 8𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 6.93 8𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 4
𝐵 = 𝟏𝟐 −12𝑐𝑜𝑠50° = −7.71 12𝑠𝑖𝑛50° = 9.19
𝐶=𝟒 −4 0
Total −𝟒. 𝟕𝟖 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟗
𝑅= 𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2

𝑅= −4.78 2 + 13.19 2

𝑅 = 14.03 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑦 13.19
𝜃 = tan−1 𝜃 = tan−1
𝐹𝑥 −4.78
𝜃 = −70.08°
 Calculate reaction forces when beam is in equilibrium.
Total length of beam is 8 m.
• 𝑅𝐴 & 𝑅𝐵 =?
• By first condition of equilibrium,Σ𝑀 =0
• Taking A as the pivot.
• 𝑅𝐴 × 0 + 12 × 1.5 + 8 × 5 + 10 × 7 − 𝑅𝐵 × 8 = 0
• 8𝑅𝐵 = 12 × 1.5 + 8 × 5 + 10 × 7
12×1.5+8×5+10×7
• 𝑅𝐵 = = 16 𝑘𝑁
8
• By second condition of equilibrium,Σ𝐹 =0
• 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 − 12 − 8 − 10 = 0 𝑅𝐴 = 12 + 8 + 10 − 16
𝑅𝐴 = 14 𝑘𝑁
A rectangular steel bar 10 mm ×16 mm × 200 mm long extends by 0.12 mm
under a tensile force of 20 kN. Find:
(a) the stress
(b) the strain
(c) the elastic modulus of the bar material.
𝐹 𝜎
• Stress, 𝜎 = •𝐸=
𝐴 𝜀
20 ×103 𝑁 125
•𝜎= •𝐸=
10 mm ×16 mm 0.6×10−3
• 𝜎 = 125 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 • 𝐸 = 208 × 103 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
∆𝐿 𝑥
• Strain, 𝜀 = =
𝐿 𝐿
0.12 𝑚𝑚
• 𝜀= = 0.6 × 10−3
200 𝑚𝑚
Determine the shear stress induced in the
component. Force is given in kN and the dimensions
are given in mm. [Ans: 6.25 N/mm2]
𝐹
• 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜏 =
𝐴

• 𝐹 = 25 × 103 𝑁,

• 𝐴 = 200 𝑚𝑚 × 20 𝑚𝑚 = 4 × 103 𝑚𝑚2

25×103 N
•𝜏=
4×103 𝑚𝑚2

• 𝜏 = 6.25 N/mm2