Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HOW
FLORIDA
COUNTIES
COMPARE
APRIL 2022
DEAR FELLOW TAXPAYER
Sincerely,
Dominic M. Calabro
President and CEO
Florida TaxWatch
HOW DOES YOUR
COUNTY COMPARE?
1
Expenditures are classified as general government,
public safety, courts, utility and environment,
transportation, economic development, human
services, and culture and recreation.
2
IMPORTANT TERMS
AND DEFINITIONS
• Property Tax Year — Property tax years are the year when
the property is assessed by the property appraiser. Property
is valued as of January 1 each year. For example, in Tax
Year 2021, property is assessed on January 1, 2021, tax bills
are sent out in November 2021, and taxes are considered
delinquent on April 1, 2022.
3
PROPERTY TAXES
PER CAPITA TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES 5
PER CAPITA COUNTY GOVERNMENT
6
PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
PER CAPITA MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
7
PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
PER CAPITA SCHOOL DISTRICT PROPERTY
8
TAX LEVIES
PER CAPITA INDEPENDENT SPECIAL DISTRICT
9
PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
AVERAGE TOTAL PROPERTY TAX MILLAGE
10
RATES
PER CAPITA IMPACT OF SAVE OUR HOMES IN
11
TAXES
PER CAPITA IMPACT OF 2008 PROPERTY TAX
12
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT IN TAXES
GROWTH IN TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES:
13
TAX YEAR 2012 TO TAX YEAR 2021
GROWTH IN TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES:
14
TAX YEAR 2007 TO TAX YEAR 2021
STATEWIDE GROWTH IN PROPERTY TAX
15
LEVIES: TAX YEAR ‘99 THROUGH TAX YEAR ‘21
PERCENT OF TOTAL JUST VALUE THAT IS
16
TAXABLE
PER CAPITA TAXABLE VALUE 17
TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES PER $1,000
18
OF PERSONAL INCOME
PERCENT OF TOTAL LEVIES (CHART) 19
PERCENT OF TAXABLE VALUE (CHART) 19
4
PER CAPITA TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
TAX YEAR 2021
5
PER CAPITA COUNTY GOVERNMENT
PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
TAX YEAR 2021
Includes both district school board operating and debt service levies.
Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch,
February 2022
8
PER CAPITA INDEPENDENT SPECIAL DISTRICT
PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
TAX YEAR 2021
9
AVERAGE TOTAL PROPERTY TAX MILLAGE RATES
TAX YEAR 2021
Includes all jurisdictions. Calculated using total property tax levies and
total taxable value in each county. School district portion calculated
using school taxable value, the rest using county taxable value.
Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch,
February 2022.
10
PER CAPITA IMPACT OF
SAVE OUR HOMES IN TAXES
TAX YEAR 2021
Includes all jurisdictions. Reflects the growth from when statewide property
tax levies began rising again, following five straight years of decline, due to
the lingering effects of the Great Recession. Some data may appear equal due
to rounding.
Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch, February 2022.
13
GROWTH IN TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES
TAX YEARS 2007 to 2021
Includes all jurisdictions. Reflects change from when statewide property tax levies
reached their all-time high in FY2007-08 as local governments reaped significant
revenue wndfalls from the housing bubble. Levies then began declining for five
straight years and then began to grow again. Eight counties have still not returned to
that high water mark. Some data may appear equal due to rounding.
Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch, February 2022.
14
300%
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0
TAX YEAR 1999 THROUGH TAX YEAR 2021
15
PERCENT OF JUST VALUE THAT IS TAXABLE
TAX YEAR 2021
16
PER CAPITA TAXABLE VALUE
TAX YEAR 2021
Taxable value is just value of all property in each county, less exclusions,
differentials, exemptions, and credits (see p.3). This table uses county
taxable value, school taxable value is 15 percent higher statewide.
Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch,
February 2022.
17
TOTAL PROPERTY TAX LEVIES PER
$1,000 OF PERSONAL INCOME
TAX YEAR 2021
18
PERCENT OF TOTAL LEVIES
TAX YEAR 2021 • $ IN BILLIONS
Cities
Ind. Special Dist. $6.29 // 16%
$2.53 // 6%
Cities
School Districts $6.29 // 16%
$15.28 // 39%
Counties
$15.54 // 39%
School Districts
$15.28 // 39%
Counties
$15.54 // 39%
County Levies include $1.9 billion in Dependent Special District and Municipal
Service Taxing Unit (MSTU) levies. Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida
TaxWatch, April 2022. Figures may not equal 100 percent due to rounding.
Tangible Personal
Property
6.3% Homestead
Residential
Non-Residential 33.9%
25.7%
Homestead
Residential
Non-Residential 33.9%
Non-Homestead
25.7% Residential
33.6%
Agriculture Non-Homestead
Residential
0.5%
33.6%
Agriculture
0.5%
19
PROPERTY TAXES 4
OTHER TAXES & FEES 20
LOCAL OPTION SALES TAX RATES 21
PER CAPITA LOCAL OPTION SALES TAX
22
REVENUE
PERCENT OF AVAILABLE LOCAL OPTION
23
SALES TAX BEING LEVIED
LOCAL OPTION MOTOR FUEL TAX RATES 24
PER CAPITA LOCAL OPTION MOTOR FUEL
25
TAX REVENUE
PERCENT OF AVAILABLE LOCAL OPTION
26
MOTOR FUEL TAX BEING LEVIED
LOCAL OPTION TOURIST DEVELOPMENT
27
TAX RATES
PER CAPITA LOCAL OPTION TOURIST
28
DEVELOPMENT TAX REVENUE
PER CAPITA LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS
29
SERVICES TAX REVENUE
PER CAPITA LOCAL PUBLIC SERVICES TAX
30
REVENUE
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
31
BUILDING PERMIT FEES
PER CAPITA COUNTY, MUNICIPAL &
32
SCHOOL IMPACT FEES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL SPECIAL
33
ASSESSMENT REVENUE
20
LOCAL OPTION SALES TAX RATES
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2019
No Tax Citrus
Includes school district levies. See p.3 for definition of Local Option
Sales Taxes.
The Legislature has authorized nine different local discretionary sales
surtaxes (also referred to as local option sales taxes) which local
governments can use to raise revenue for county, municipalities, and
school districts. These discretionary sales taxes are in addition to the
state sales tax rate of 6 percent and apply to all transactions subject to
the state tax (with the exception of only being levied on the first $5,000
of a single item). The tax is levied county-wide, but the revenue from
some levies is shared with municipalities. Not all levies are available
to all counties, so the maximum rate ranges from 1.5 percent to 4.0
percent. Some must be approved by the voters, but some have the
option to be approved by the governing bodies. Most revenue can
only be spent on authorized uses, which vary from tax to tax and even
county to county.
Source: Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch,
March 2022.
21
PER CAPITA LOCAL OPTION SALES TAX REVENUE
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
The majority of local option sales tax revenues are distributed to county
governments, but some money goes to municipalities and school boards as
well. See p. 21 for more information on local option sales taxes.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
22
PERCENT OF AVAILABLE LOCAL OPTION
SALES TAX BEING LEVIED
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
23
LOCAL OPTION MOTOR FUEL TAX RATES
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
$0.09/gal Hendry
Includes the the 9th cent tax (1 cent), the local option tax (up to 6
cents), and the additional local option tax (up to 5 cents). Florida
motorists also pay a 25.9 cents/gallon state tax and a 18.4 cents/gallon
federal tax. The maximum tax rate (all levies) in Florida is 56.3 cents/
gallon.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic
Research and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
24
PER CAPITA LOCAL OPTION
MOTOR FUEL TAX REVENUE
FY2020-21
Local option motor fuel tax revenues are distributed to county and
municipal governments and are used for transportation purposes.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic
Research, Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch,
March 2022.
25
PERCENT OF AVAILABLE LOCAL OPTION
MOTOR FUEL TAX BEING LEVIED
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
Local option motor fuel tax revenues are distributed to county and municipal
governments and are generally used for transportation purposes.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research and
Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
26
LOCAL OPTION TOURIST DEVELOPMENT TAX RATES
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
27
PER CAPITA LOCAL OPTION
TOURIST DEVELOPMENT TAX REVENUE
FY2019-20
28
PER CAPITA LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS
SERVICES TAX REVENUE
FY2019-20
Counties and cities may levy the tax on telecommunications and cable
services. There are separate rates for each city and unicorporated area. Rates
range from 0.3% to 7.6%.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
Florida Department of Revenue and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
29
PER CAPITA LOCAL
PUBLIC SERVICES TAX REVENUE
FY2019-20
These fees are regulatory fees imposed by both cities and counties. The revenue
is generally required to be used for the cost of regulating the activity cost for
which the fee is imposed and should not exceed the cost of regulation.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
Florida Department of Financial Services and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
31
PER CAPITA COUNTY, MUNICIPAL,
& SCHOOL IMPACT FEES
FY2019-20
Includes school district, city and county fees. Impact fees are charges imposed by
local governments against new development to provide for capital facilities’ costs
made necessary by population growth.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Florida
Department of Financial Services, Florida Department of Education, and Florida
TaxWatch, March 2022.
32
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT REVENUE
FY2019-20
Reflects total county and municipal assessments divided by total county population.
Special assessments can fund items such as solid waste disposal, sewer improve-
ments, fire protection, street improvements, and downtown redevelopment.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Florida
Department of Financial Services, Florida Department of Revenue, and Florida
TaxWatch, March 2022.
33
PROPERTY TAXES 4
OTHER TAXES & FEES 20
CITY & COUNTY REVENUE 34
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
35
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
PER CAPITA TOTAL MUNICIPAL REVENUE
36
(TOTAL COUNTY POPULATION)
PER CAPITA TOTAL MUNICIPAL REVENUE
37
(INCORPORATED POPULATION)
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY REVENUE 38
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL TAX
39
REVENUE
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
PERMITS, FEES & SPECIAL ASSESSMENT 40
REVENUE
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
41
INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE
PER CAPITA MUNICIPAL & COUNTY
42
REVENUE FROM STATE GOVERNMENT
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
43
CHARGES FOR SERVICES
COUNTY GOVERNMENT REVENUE BY
44
SOURCE (CHART)
CITY GOVERNMENT REVENUE BY SOURCE
44
(CHART)
34
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
FY2019-20
Includes all reported county and city government revenue (excludes inter-fund
transfers) and uses total county population to calculate per capita amounts.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Florida
Department of Financial Services and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022
35
PER CAPITA TOTAL MUNICIPAL REVENUE
TOTAL COUNTY POPULATION • FY2019-20
36
PER CAPITA TOTAL MUNICIPAL REVENUE
INCORPORATED POPULATION • FY2019-20
37
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY REVENUE
FY2019-20
Includes county government revenue only and uses total county population.
Excludes inter-fund transfers. *Duval county data is included in the
municipal tables and total county and municipal tables. Some data may
appear to be equal due to rounding.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
Florida Department of Financial Services and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
38
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
TAX REVENUE
FY2019-20
Major tax sources include property taxes, public services tax, communications
services tax, and local option sales and fuel taxes. Special assessments and
impact fees are included in the table on p.40.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
Florida Department of Financial Services and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
39
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL PERMITS,
FEES & SPECIAL ASSESSMENT REVENUE
FY2019-20
40
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE
FY2019-20
41
PER CAPITA MUNICIPAL & COUNTY REVENUE
FROM FLORIDA’S STATE GOVERNMENT
FY2019-20
Includes state grants, state revenue sharing, and payments in lieu of taxes.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
Florida Department of Financial Services and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
42
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
CHARGES FOR SERVICES
FY2019-20
43
COUNTY GOVERNMENT REVENUE BY SOURCE
FY2019-20
Permits, Fees,
Charges for Other Intergov.
Special Assessments
Services 12.6% Revenue
15.5% 4.9%
30.8% Property Taxes
27.3%
Charges forOther
Services
Taxes
30.8% Property Taxes
9%
27.3%
Other
Other
28.1%
Charges for Taxes
Property
Services 6.8%
Taxes
33.9% 15.6%
Other
Charges for Taxes
Services 6.8%
33.9%
44
PROPERTY TAXES 4
OTHER TAXES & FEES 20
CITY & COUNTY REVENUE 34
CITY & COUNTY EXPENDITURES 45
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
46
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA TOTAL MUNICIPAL
47
EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY EXPENDITURES 48
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
49
GENERAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL PUBLIC
50
SAFETY EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
51
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
52
TRANSPORTATION EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
53
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
54
HUMAN SERVICES EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
55
CULTURAL & RECREATION EXPENDITURES
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL COURT-
56
RELATED EXPENDITURES
COUNTY GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES BY
57
CATEGORY (CHART)
CITY GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES BY
57
CATEGORY (CHART)
45
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
46
PER CAPITA TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURES
TOTAL COUNTY POPULATION • FY2019-20
47
PER CAPITA TOTAL COUNTY EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
48
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
GENERAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
49
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
PUBLIC SAFETY EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
50
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
51
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
TRANSPORTATION EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
52
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
53
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
HUMAN SERVICES EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
54
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
CULTURAL & RECREATION EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
55
PER CAPITA COUNTY & MUNICIPAL
COURT-RELATED EXPENDITURES
FY2019-20
Includes general court and circuit court administration, state attorney, public
defender and clerks of the court administration, guardian ad litem, hearing officers,
dispute resolution, misdemeanor probation, legal aid and other court related
expenditures.
Source: Florida Legislature Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Florida
Department of Financial Services and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
56
COUNTY GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
BY CATEGORY
FY2019-20
Other
Culture & 4%
Recreation
4.7% Other
Culture & 4%
Recreation
Human General
4.7%
Services Government
Economic 9.8% 20.1%
Environment General
4.3% Human
Services Government
Economic 9.8% 20.1%
Environment
4.3% Transportation
Public Safety
13.5% & Courts
30.8%
Transportation
Public Safety
13.5% Physical & Courts
Environ.
12.8% 30.8%
Physical
Environ.
Source: Florida Office of Economic and12.8%
Demographic Research and Florida
TaxWatch, April 2022. Figures may not equal 100 percent due to rounding.
57
PROPERTY TAXES 4
OTHER TAXES & FEES 20
CITY & COUNTY REVENUE 34
CITY & COUNTY EXPENDITURES 45
POPULATION & INCOME 58
TOTAL COUNTY POPULATION 59
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION LIVING IN
60
UNINCORPORATED AREAS
POPULATION OF FLORIDA’S 70 LARGEST
61
CITIES
COUNTY POPULATION DENSITY 62
PER CAPITA COUNTY PERSONAL INCOME 63
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY COUNTY 64
58
TOTAL COUNTY POPULATION
APRIL 1, 2021
These population figures are the latest available. To calculate per capita data, this
report uses population data from the same year as the other data used.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
March 2022.
59
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION LIVING IN
UNINCORPORATED AREAS
APRIL 1, 2021
These population figures are the latest available. To calculate per capita data,
this report uses population data from the same year as the other data used.
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research,
March 2022.
60
POPULATION OF FLORIDA’S 70 LARGEST CITIES
APRIL 1, 2021
61
COUNTY POPULATION DENSITY
APRIL 1, 2020 • PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE
Land area used to compute density is not adjusted for lands which cannot
be developed (government-owned parks or reserves), or are uninhabitable
(swamps or marshes).
Source: Florida Department of Transportation, FDOT District by Population
Density and Florida TaxWatch, March 2022.
62
PER CAPITA COUNTY PERSONAL INCOME
2020
63
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY COUNTY
FEBRUARY 2022
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area
Unemployment Statistics Program, in cooperation with the Florida Department
of Economic Opportunity, Bureau of Workforce Statistics and Economic
Research, April 2022.
64
ABOUT TAXWATCH
As an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit taxpayer research
institute and government watchdog, it is the mission of Florida
TaxWatch to provide the citizens of Florida and public officials with
high quality, independent research and analysis of issues related
to state and local government taxation, expenditures, policies, and
programs.
Florida TaxWatch works to improve the productivity and
accountability of Florida government. Its research recommends
productivity enhancements and explains the statewide impact
of fiscal and economic policies and practices on citizens and
businesses.
Florida TaxWatch is supported by voluntary, tax-deductible
memberships and private grants, and does not solicit government
appropriations. Membership support provides a solid, lasting
foundation that has enabled Florida TaxWatch to bring about a
more effective, responsive government that is accountable to the
citizens it serves since 1979.
65
Florida TaxWatch
106 N. Bronough St.
Tallahassee, FL 32301
o: 850.222.5052
66