SITE ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS
• Site analysis is a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of a particular location or site with regard to
various factors that can influence its development, design, or functionality.
• It is an essential step in the planning and design process for a wide range of projects, including
architecture, urban planning, landscape architecture, and civil engineering.
• Site analysis aims to understand the site's characteristics, constraints, and potentials to make informed
decisions and create a successful design that aligns with the site's context.
• In urban planning, site analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the characteristics and potential of a
specific location for future development.
• It helps planners assess the suitability of the site for various land uses and identify opportunities and
constraints that may influence the planning process
• The standard guide provides the site designer with a consensus standard with which to plan and evaluate site characterizations.
 SITE RECONNAISSANCE
Site reconnaissance deals with the acquisition of site
information.
(1) Sources of Information.
Sources include installation personnel and documents,
especially the installation master plan. Past project plans and
reports also provide information.
(2) Site Survey Map.
The topographic survey is the foundation of the site survey
map. It should be acquired as soon as practical for any
project.
(3) Site Visit.
A site visit is essential to developing an accurate site analysis.
No other task provides as much useful information
A site visit provides the opportunity to verify existing
information, especially if a current topographic survey is not
available, Evaluate the impact of existing on- and off-site
conditions, Discover previously unknown conditions and factors
SITE INVENTORY AND EVALUATION.
A site inventory documents all existing conditions, both on and
off-site. It evaluates the impact they will have on site
development
OFF-SITE CONDITIONS.
Site analysis should extend beyond the project boundaries.
Most off-site conditions are related to man-made features and
activities. A site may be influenced by numerous factors (traffic,
noise, light, visual conditions, drainage, etc.)
(1) Surrounding Land Use.
Surrounding land use should be recorded on the analysis of off-
site conditions map. It will be verified that the candidate site
for the proposed project is located in an appropriate land use
area according to the master plan.
(2) Transportation.
All existing and proposed transportation systems to and around
the site will be evaluated for their accessibility.
 (3) Utilities. (7) Physical Security.
All utility systems which may be tapped for use will be located Such physical security factors as the proximity of
and their capacities indicated. If an existing system is running at uncontrolled public use areas or vantage points from which
or nearing its capacity, additional growth in the area may standoff attacks could be launched will be considered if the
require improvements to the utility trunk line beyond the threats to assets within the facility dictate concern. If the
immediate site. threat includes the use of explosives, the likely impact of
(4) Environmental Conditions and Hazards. collateral damage on nearby facilities will be considered.
Environmental conditions and hazards near the site will be (8) Sources of Air, Noise and Light Pollution.
examined, beginning with a review of the environmental Immediate sources of pollution will be identified and their
assessments prepared for the installation and the site. impact upon the site will be evaluated.
(5) Historic and/or Archeological Resources. ON-SITE CONDITIONS.
Archeological or historic sites protected from development will On-site conditions include any existing factors which may
be located. Regulations governing activity near them will be affect development, either positively or negatively. They
identified. include both natural and man-made factors but usually
(6) Safety Hazards. emphasize the natural. Natural conditions are interwoven.
Requirements and distances necessary for fire codes, Changes in one factor and location of the environment often
flood damage control, airfield and helicopter clear zones, create changes in other factors and locations
and explosives safety from surrounding areas will be
considered.
SITE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS.
The site opportunities and constraints plan provides an overall
evaluation of the site. It identifies the principal opportunities
and constraints. It should be used to verify a site’s adequacy for
a proposed project. A key requirement for site verification is
the determination that current user requirements obtained
from the program analysis can be accommodated on the
selected site
SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST
• Livability of site – types of buildings, density of development
• Costs – land costs, development costs, building costs, utility costs
• Maintenance and operating costs – utility costs, grounds maintenance, taxes
• Marketability
• Appearance and general character – kinds of building, design of exteriors, condition of
buildings, grounds and streets

REFERENCES

1. SITE PLANNING AND DESIGN HANDBOOK BY THOMAS H . RUSS

2. SITE PLANNING AND DESIGN BY HEADQUATERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND SENSORY (NOISE, ODOR, VISUAL QUALITY)
In urban planning and design, various factors need to be considered to create inclusive and sustainable communities. Socio-
economic and sensory factors play a crucial role in shaping the built environment and ensuring that it meets the needs and
preferences of its residents.

Let's take a closer look at each of these factors:

Socio-economic Factors:
• Demographics: Understanding the population's age, income levels, household sizes, and cultural diversity helps planners
tailor infrastructure and amenities to suit different groups .
• Housing Affordability: Ensuring a mix of housing types, including affordable options, promotes social diversity and
prevents economic segregation .
• Employment Opportunities : Proximity to job centers and accessible public transportation can enhance economic
opportunities and reduce commuting times .
• Social Infrastructure : Planning for schools, healthcare facilities, community centers, and recreational spaces fosters a
sense of community and social cohesion .
• Safety and Security : Designing neighborhoods and public spaces with safety in mind helps reduce crime and enhance
residents' well-being .
• Access to Services: Convenient access to services such as grocery stores, pharmacies, and banking facilities is vital for
community livability.
Sensory Factors:
• Aesthetics: The visual appearance of buildings and public spaces can influence people's perceptions of their
surroundings and impact their well-being.
• Noise Pollution: Managing noise levels from traffic, industrial activities, and other sources is essential to create peaceful
and comfortable living environments.
• Air Quality: Considering factors that affect air quality, such as green spaces, pollution sources, and ventilation patterns,
contributes to healthier neighborhoods.
• Light and Shadows: Optimizing natural light and mitigating harsh shadows can enhance the comfort and functionality of
both indoor and outdoor spaces.
• Accessibility: Ensuring that public spaces and buildings are designed with universal accessibility in mind allows people of
all abilities to use them comfortably .
• Green Spaces: Incorporating parks, gardens, and urban greenery not only enhances aesthetics but also improves air
quality and provides recreational opportunities.

Incorporating socio-economic and sensory factors into planning helps create more equitable, resilient, and appealing
communities.
It involves engaging with local residents, conducting impact assessments, and considering the long-term sustainability of
proposed developments. By taking these factors into account, urban planners can design places that are not only
visually pleasing but also contribute positively to the overall quality of life for residents.
Several case studies demonstrate successful urban planning projects that have incorporated both socio-economic and
sensory factors to create inclusive and vibrant communities.
Here are a few examples:
1. High Line, New York City, USA : The High Line is an elevated linear park built on a historic railway viaduct in
Manhattan. The project transformed a disused industrial structure into a vibrant public space that incorporates various
sensory elements. It provides residents and visitors with greenery, art installations, seating areas, and views of the
cityscape. The High Line's successful planning took into account the diverse socio-economic needs of the surrounding
neighborhoods, promoting social integration and equitable access to green space while contributing to increased
property values and economic development in the area.
4. Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration, Seoul, South Korea : Cheonggyecheon is a case of
successful urban renewal where an elevated highway was removed, and a neglected urban stream was
restored. The project focused on improving sensory experiences through water features, vegetation, and
public art. The restored stream not only enhanced the visual aesthetics of the area but also improved air
quality and provided recreational space for residents. This project also had positive socio-economic
impacts, attracting investments and revitalizing adjacent neighborhoods.
5. Medellín's Social Urbanism, Colombia : Medellín's approach to "Social Urbanism" transformed
informal settlements and marginalized neighborhoods through inclusive planning and investment in
public infrastructure. Projects like the Metrocable, which provides cable car transportation to
underserved hillside communities, have improved mobility and access to economic opportunities.
Sensory elements, such as vibrant street art and public spaces, have contributed to a sense of pride
and community identity. The integration of social and economic factors in the planning process has
helped reduce violence and improve residents' quality of life.

These case studies demonstrate how incorporating socio-economic and sensory factors into
urban planning can lead to more sustainable, livable, and inclusive communities that meet the
diverse needs and aspirations of their residents.
 HISTORICAL FACTORS

 Historical factors often play a significant role in urban planning, especially in preserving heritage and cultural
identity.
 When considering site planning and analysis, historic factors must be taken into account. Cultural heritage,
social history, and architectural styles can all have a significant impact on the way a site is developed.
 For example, if a site has cultural significance to a particular community, it may be important to preserve certain
elements of its design or layout.
 Similarly, the social history of a site may influence the way it is used or developed in the future
 Architectural styles can also play a role in site planning and analysis.
 For instance, if a site is located in an area with a distinct architectural style, it may be important to incorporate
elements of that style into the design of any new buildings or structures.
 By considering these historic factors, planners and developers can create sites that are not only functional but
also culturally and historically significant
Here are some case studies that highlight the successful incorporation of historical factors into planning :
• Historic District of Charleston
• South Carolina
• USA : Charleston's Historic District is a well-preserved example of urban planning that embraces historical factors .
The district showcases a rich collection of historic buildings, churches, and streetscapes dating back to the 18th
and 19th centuries. Preservation efforts, such as strict zoning regulations and architectural guidelines, have
protected the area's historical character. The planning approach has made Charleston's Historic District a popular
tourist destination while maintaining its sense of place and community .
• Historic City of Ahmedabad, India : Ahmedabad's historic core was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in
2017 for its significant contribution to urban planning. The city showcases a blend of Hindu, Islamic, and Jain
architectural styles and features historic landmarks such as the Jama Masjid and the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque.
Planning initiatives have focused on heritage conservation, revitalizing public spaces, and promoting sustainable
urban development while preserving the city's unique historical fabric.

References
References mit-sap , reasearch gate.com,Virginia
planning department (usa),2009
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25880957/