A scroll compressor actually consists of two scrolls or spirals.

One scroll is moving, whereas the second one is fixed

(attached to the compressor body). The first scroll orbits
(rotates) in a path defined by its mating fixed scroll. The
orbiting scroll is connected to the compressor's crankshaft.
As a result of the scroll's movement, gas pockets are formed between the two scrolls. At
the outer part of the scrolls, the pockets suck in gas and then move towards the center of
the scroll, where the compressed gas is discharged. As the gas moves into the
continuously smaller internal pockets, both its temperature and pressure are increased.
Thus, a desirable discharge pressure is achieved by the motion of the compressor scrolls.
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNgqI4XPUZc
3
  Absence of pistons for gas compression enables scroll compressors to reach 100% volumetric
efficiency, leading to reduced energy costs.
 Re-expansion losses, a typical feature of each piston stroke encountered in reciprocating models,
are eliminated. In addition, valve (ports) losses are eliminated, since suction and discharge valves
(ports) do not exist.
 Absence of several moving parts, scroll compressors are considerably quieter than compressors.
For example, scroll compressors make 5 to 15 dBA lower noise than other compressor types.
 Due to lower vibration and noise, they do not need spring suspensions.
 Scroll compressors have fewer moving parts, lower vibrations and less friction which make them
more durable.
 Their weight and carbon footprint are considerably smaller compared to other compressors.

https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
4
  Being fully hermetic (i.e. fully airtight), perhaps the biggest disadvantage of
scroll compressors is that they are generally not easily repairable. They
cannot be disassembled for maintenance.
 Many reciprocating compressors are tolerant on rotating in both directions.
This is usually not the case for scroll compressors.
 Incremental capacity control on systems with several scroll compressors
has proven several times to be problematic as well.

https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
5
 The screw compressor is
a kind of positive-
displacement compressor
where gradual decrease
of the working volume
causes the compression
of refrigerant.

https://www.jaguarcompressors.com/info/screw-compressor-working-principle-47829011.html
6
 The working cycle of the screw compressor can be divided into four processes:
suction, closure, compression and exhaust.
Dual screw compressor through the meshing of the female and male rotors in the
cylinder to form a working volume, with the rotation of the rotor, the size of the working
volume changes periodically, to achieve gas compression. When the screw air
compressor works, a large amount of lubricating oil is injected into the cylinder and
mixed with the air into the working cycle. The lubricating oil plays a role of lubrication,
sealing, cooling and noise reduction in the cycle. The oil separated with the help of oil
separator in the oil drum after the gas mixture removed from the air-end. The oil is
cooled in the air cooler, filtered through the oil filter, and then into the next cycle
https://www.jaguarcompressors.com/info/screw-compressor-working-principle-47829011.html
7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wg_2E_p6_V8
8
  Efficient: Screw compressors use a shaft rotation, which means that all movement contributes to the compression of air.
This is more efficient, producing pressure at a reduced cost.
 Noise Levels: Due to the smooth movement of the rotating shaft, screw compressors produce much less noise. In fact,
some of the screw compressors produce as little as 69 dB.
 No Pulsation: With a smooth rotating motion, a screw compressor produces a continual flow of air with no pulsing.
Compressed air often pulses when created via piston compression.
 Continuous Operation: Screw compressors are ideal for situations that require continuous operation rather than
intermittent use.
 Control Output: Because of the smooth flow rate, screw compressors offer simple and fluid control of air volume, making
it one of the most precise designs in air compressor history.
 Low Vibration: The rotational nature of the screw means that vibrations are minimal, making it an excellent solution for
sensitive environments where vibrations can interfere with equipment.
 No Abrasion: Unlike piston compressors, screw compressors have little wear and tear because of the continual, smooth
rotation of the central screw shaft. This results in few repairs and even fewer replacements being needed.
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
9
  Cost: Due to their more advanced design, screw compressors often cost more than
their piston counterparts.
 Intermittent Loads: The rotating, continual motion of a screw compressor is perfect for
continual use, but it is not ideal for intermittent loads. Stopping and starting a screw
compressor regularly can cause issues in some circumstances.
 Maintenance: Although maintenance is less frequent for a screw compressor, it can
also be more complicated. If something does need repaired, this can often result in the
need for reassembly and alignment of the screw shaft. Screw compressors require
precision performance, and so qualified technicians are preferential for such
maintenance work.
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
10
 Out
Compressed refrigerant IN

Condenser of AC

Fins

Copper tube

IN

Condenser of Fridge Out 11

Series of air-cooled condensers in rooftop for supermarket/office 12
 The simplest air-cooled condenser consists of a plain tube
containing the refrigerant, placed in still air and relying on natural
air circulation. An example is the condenser of the domestic
refrigerator, which may also have some secondary surface in the
form of supporting and spacer wires.

https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
13
 Small water-cooled condensers may
comprise two concentric pipes (‘double
pipe’), the refrigerant being in either the
inner tube or the annulus. Configurations
may be straight, with return bends or
headers, or coiled. The double-pipe
condenser is circuited in counterflow (media
flowing in opposite directions) to get the
most subcooling, since the coldest water
will meet the outgoing liquid refrigerant.
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
14
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/scroll-compressors/
15
  Where there is restriction for air-cooled condenser, water-cooled condenser is a
perfect replacement.
 There is thermal energy recovery to be used in other heating processes.
 This type of condenser can be housed indoors.
 Longer lifetime, because those require less maintenance.
 It has higher heat transfer rate.
 It consumes far less overall energy, savings on energy costs and consumption.
 It does not require any external power.
 Since water cooling is more efficient than air cooling, time required for cooling is less.
 Length of the condenser pipe is reduced which decreases the compressor work and
thus increases its efficiency.
 With the incorporation of these condensers, the net weight of the system increases.
https://www.linquip.com/blog/water-cooled-condensers-facts/
16
  Using water as a cooling medium might cause corrosion problem.
 Use of water as a cooling medium may result in the formation of scales in
the supply line.
 Because of shortages of fresh water around the world, few countries can
afford to run water to waste.
 Using water tank makes the system bulky which results in problem during
domestic use.

https://www.linquip.com/blog/water-cooled-condensers-facts/
17