IT-910C: Single Phase Half, Full-Wave Phase-Control Rectifier

Rectifier circuit cannot be variable, it generates a fixed DC voltage by using AC power supply. In case we
need to control DC motor’s speed or need variable voltage DC voltage, it is possible by changing input
voltage power. So we can use thermistor. Phase of thermistor can be controlled to vary the AC voltage,
this in turn changes the output DC voltage of a rectifier circuit. Single phase half-wave phase-control
rectifier Output waveform is shown in Figure (3-1).
 (Figure 3-1) shows that the diode of (Figure 1-1) is replaced with SCR
(Figure 3-3) shows electronic circuit to flow single to SCR's gate
(Figure 3-4) shows that waveform of each part of gate circuit

Considering Figure 3-2, AC mains cycle can be divided into 4 main durations. During first, AC
cycle is in forward direction but there is no gate trigger signal on SCR, so SCR will be in OFF
state. Voltage across load will be OV.

During second, AC cycle is in forward direction and gate trigger signal is applied at an angle
a. SCR will tum ON and will act as diode. Voltage will appear across load.
During third, SCR is still in ON condition because the AC mains has not reached zero position.
SCR will remain in ON condition until the current becomes 0.
During fourth, SCR goes in to OFF state because the AC mains has crossed zero position. No voltage
will be observed across load as SCR is in OFF state.

Angle a, as shown in (Figure 3-2) is called firing angle of SCR. Relation

between firing angle a and load average voltage Vo

V. = V. = -1-J".J2V sin 8d 8= .J2v . I +cos a

0 0 27r a 1[ 2

=0.4SV .1+ cos a (V)

2

It means voltage can be controlled from maximum voltage 0.45 (V) to 0 continuously.
Controlling the output voltage is calling phase control.

at rot=O, i=O
at rot = n

i = 10(1-.J2 cos 7r) = 10(1+ .J2) [ A]

 EXPERIMENT .3
SINGLE PHASE HALF, FULL-WAVE PHASE-CONTROL RECTIFIER

Purpose
Understand SCR's characteristic and principle of gate circuit, and perform the ·experiment
about phase control.

Equipment and Parts

1. IT-91OC (Single phase half, full-wave phase-controlled Rectifier)
ii. Oscilloscope
iii. Load connection cord
iv. Power supply connection cord
v. Single phase AC220(V)

Experiment
(1) Single Phase Half-Wave Phase-Controlled Rectifier

A. Measurement of Sig-in(Signal-in) terminal

Apply the power and connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. Then
record the waveform and compare the present waveform with the waveform (a) in (Figure 3-4).

B. Measurement of V-REF (Voltage Reference terminal)

Connect t h e probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. Then measure the waveform
while adjusting the Volt-Variable knob.
After setting the knob on 65% point, record the waveform and then compare the
present waveform with the waveform (c) in (Figure 3-4)
C. Measurement of Phase terminal
Connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. Then m e a s u r e the
waveform while adjusting the Phase-Variable knob.
After setting the knob on 65% point, record the waveform and then compare the present
waveform with waveform (d) in (Figure 3-4).

D. Measurement of Input Power

Connect the probe of oscilloscope like as shown in figure below. Then measure the
waveform and record it.
E. Measurement of SCR gate terminal
Connect the wire of circuit and connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure
below. And then measure the waveform while adjusting the Volt-Variable knob and
Phase-Variable knob.
After setting the knob on 65% point, record the waveform

F. Measurement of load R
ColU1ect the circuit with wires and colU1ect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in
figure below. And then measure the waveform while adjusting the Volt-Variable knob
and Phase-Variable knob
After setting the duty ratio on 50% point, record the waveform.

G. Measurement of load R-C

ColU1ect the wire of circuit and connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure
below. And then measure the waveform while adjusting the Volt-Variable knob and
Phase-Variable knob
After setting the duty ratio on 50% point, record the waveform.
(2) Single Phase Full-Wave Phase-Controlled Rectifier

A. Measurement of Sig-In (Signal-In) terminal

Apply the power and connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below.
After that record the waveform , compare the present waveform with the waveform (a)
in (Figure 3-4).

B. Measurement of V-REF (Voltage-Reference) terminal

Connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. And then measure the
waveform while adjusting the Volt-Variable knob.
After setting the knob on 65% point , record the waveform and then compare the present
waveform with the waveform (c) in (Figure 3-4).

C. Measurement of Phase terminal

Connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. And then measure the
waveform while adjusting the Phase-Variable knob.
After setting the knob on 65% point, record the waveform and then compare the present
waveform with the waveform (c) in (Figure 3-4).
D. Measurement of input power
Connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. And then measure the
waveform and record it.

D. Measurement of SCR gate terminal

Connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in figure below. And then measure the
waveform with adjusting the Volt-Variable knob and Phase-Variable knob. After setting
the knob on 65% point, record the waveform.
F. Measurement of load R
Connect the wire in the circuit and then connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown in
figure below. And then measure the waveform while adjusting the Volt-Variable knob
and Phase-Variable knob.
After setting the duty ratio on 50% point, record the waveform.

G. Measurement of load R-C

Connect the wires in the circuit and then connect the probe of oscilloscope as shown
in figure below. And then measure the waveform while adjusting the Volt-Variable
knob and Phase-Variable knob.