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primer formulario básico

dy
derivar la función: y＝xn entonces ―＝n ⋅ xn - 1
dx

dy
y ＝ P ((x)) ⋅ Q ((x)) entonces ― ＝ P ((x)) ⋅ Q' ((x)) + Q ((x)) ⋅ P' ((x))
dx

P ((x)) dy Q ((x)) ⋅ P' ((x)) - P ((x)) ⋅ Q' ((x))

y ＝ ―― entonces ― ＝ ―――――――――
Q ((x)) dx Q ((x))

dy
―＝n ⋅ x y＝xn
n-1
integrar la función entonces
la función: dx

dy
― ＝ P ((x)) ⋅ Q' ((x)) + Q ((x)) ⋅ P' ((x)) entonces y ＝ P ((x)) ⋅ Q ((x))
dx
 CÍRCULO DE ESTUDIOS MATEMATICA
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derivar:
dy
y＝x4 entonces ―＝ 4 ⋅ x
3

dx

dy
y ＝ x 4 + 10 entonces ―＝ 4 ⋅ x 3
dx

dy
―＝4 ⋅ x entonces y＝x4 + c
3
integrar:
dx

f ((x)) ＝ 3 ⋅ x 2 cual era la función antes de F ((x)) ＝ x 3

aplicar la derivada:

F' ((x) ＝ f ((x)

3 ⋅ x2 ＝3 ⋅ x2

1) I＝⌠
⌡ 1 dx＝x + c

⌠ x3 ⌠ n xn + 1
2) I＝⌡ x2 dx＝― + c ⌡ x d x ＝ ―― + c;n ≠ -1
3 n+1

⌠
3) I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 2 + 5 ⋅ x - 10⎞⎠ d x ⌠ (f (x) + g (x)) d x ＝ ⌠ f (x) d x + ⌠ g (x) d x + c
⌡( ( ) ( )) ⌡ ( ) ⌡ ( )

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 2 + 5 ⋅ x - 10⎞⎠ d x ＝ ⌡ x 2 d x + ⌠ ⌠
⌡ 5 ⋅ x d x - ⌡ 10 d x
⌠ k ⋅ f (x) d x ＝ k ⋅ ⌠ f (x) d x + c
⌡ ⌡

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝x 2 + 5 ⋅ x - 10⎞⎠ d x ＝ ⌡ x 2 d x + 5 ⋅ ⌠ ⌠
⌡ x d x - 10 ⋅ ⌡ 1 d x

⌠
I＝⌡ x2 dx + 5 ⋅ ⌠ x d x - 10 ⋅ ⌠ 1 d x ＝ ⎛⎜―
x3
+ c
⎞ ⎛ x2
+ 5 ⋅ + c
⎞
⎛ ⎞
⌡ ⌡ 1 ⎟ ⎜ ― 2⎟ - 10 ⋅ ⎝x + c3⎠
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

x3 x2
I ＝ ― + 5 ⋅ ― - 10 ⋅ x + c
3 2

⌠ ⌠ y3 y3
4) I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝y 2 + x⎞⎠ d y ＝ ⌡ y 2 d y + ⌠
⌡ x d y ＝ ― + x ⋅ ⌠ 1 dy＝―
⌡ +x⋅y+c
3 3
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⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
completar cuadrados: x 2 + 5 ⋅ x - 1 ＝ x 2 + 5 ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ -1
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ -1
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 29
＝ ⎜x + ― ⎟ -―
⎝ 2⎠ 4

⎛ 5 ⎞
-2 x 2 + 5 ⋅ x + 6 ＝ -2 ⎜x 2 + ――⋅ x⎟ + 6
⎝ -2 ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -2 ⎜x 2 - ―⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+6
⎝ 2 ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎠

⎛⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -2 ⎜⎜x - ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+6
⎝⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ -2 ⎜x - ― ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +6
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 73
＝ -2 ⎜x - ― ⎟ +―
⎝ 4⎠ 8

⎛ 5 ⎞
-2 x 2 + 5 ⋅ x + 6 ＝ -2 ⎜x 2 + ―― ⋅ x - 3⎟
⎝ -2 ⎠

⌠ 10
5) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮
⌡ x 2
- 3 ⋅ x + 5

⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2
completar cuadrados: x 2 - 3 ⋅ x + 5 ＝ x 2 - 3 ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ +5
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2
＝ ⎜x - ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ +5
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 11
＝ ⎜x - ― ⎟ +―
⎝ 2⎠ 4
reemplazando:

⌠ 10 ⌠ 10 ⌠ ⎛u⎞
1 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――――― dx ⎮ ―――d u ＝ ―⋅ arctg ⎜―⎟ + c
⎮ x 2
- 3 ⋅ x + 5 ⎮ ⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 ⎛ ‾‾‾
11 ⎞2 ⎮
⌡ u +a
2 2
a ⎝a⎠
⌡
⎮ ⎜x - ― ⎟ + ⎜ ―⎟
⌡⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
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⎛ 3⎞
⌠ ⎜ x - ―⎟
1 1 2
I ＝ 10 ⋅ ⎮ ――――――― d x ＝ 10 ⋅ ――⋅ arctg ⎜――⎟ + c
⎮⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 ⎛ ‾‾‾
11 ⎞ ‾‾‾ ⎜ ‾‾‾11 ⎟
2
11
⎮ ⎜x - ― ⎟ + ⎜ ―⎟ ― ⎜ ―⎟
⌡⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 4 ⎝ 4 ⎠

3
u ＝ x - ― du ＝ dx
2
⌠ 1 ⌠ |u-a|
1 1
6) I ＝ ⎮ ――― dx ⎮ ―――d u ＝ ―― ⋅ ln |――| + c
⎮
⌡ x -2
2 ⎮
⌡ u -a
2 ⋅ a |u+a|
2 2

⌠ | |
1 1 x - ‾‾
|――― 2|
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ――― ⋅ ln +c
⎮ x 2 - ⎛⎝ ‾‾
⎞ 2
2 ⋅ ‾‾
2 | x + ‾‾
2 ||
⌡ 2⎠ |

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
6) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――― d x
⎮ ‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾ 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞ 2
⌡ 5 ⋅x -2
2
5 ⋅ ⎜x - ―― ⎟ 5 ⎮ x 2 - ――
‾‾
⎮ ⎮
⎝⎜ ‾‾
5 ⎠⎟ ‾‾
5
⎮
⌡ ⎮
⌡

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 |u-a|
I ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx ⎮ ―――d u ＝ ―― ⋅ ln |――| + c
‾‾
5 ⎮ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾
2 ⎞ 2 ⎮
⌡ u 2
- a 2 2⋅a |u+a|
⎮ x - ⎜ ―― ⎟
2

⎮ ⎜
⎝ ‾‾
5 ⎟⎠
⌡
| 2 |
‾‾‾‾
| x - ―― |
1 1 | 5 |
‾‾
I ＝ ―― ⋅ ―――⋅ ln |―――― |+c
‾‾
5 2 ⋅ ―― ‾‾‾‾
2 | ‾‾‾‾
2 |
| x + ―― |
‾‾
5 | ‾‾
5 |

⌠ ( ⌠ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⌠⎛ 3 ⎞
⌡ x ⋅ (x + 2)) d x ＝ ⌡ x ⋅ ⎝x + 4 ⋅ x + 4⎠ d x ＝ ⌡ ⎝x + 4 ⋅ x + 4 ⋅ x⎠ d x
2 2
7)

⌠ ( )2 ⌠⎛ 3⎞ ⌠ ⌠
⌡ x ⋅ (x + 2) d x ＝ ⌡ ⎝x ⎠ d x + ⌡ 4 ⋅ x d x + ⌡ 4 ⋅ x d x
2

⌠ ( ⌠⎛ 3⎞ ⌠ 2 ⌠
⌡ x ⋅ (x + 2)) d x ＝ ⌡ ⎝x ⎠ d x + 4 ⌡ x d x + 4 ⌡ x d x
2

⌠ ( x4 x3 x2
⌡ x ⋅ ( x + 2) 2
d x ＝ ― + 4 ― + 4 ― +c
4 3 2

⎛ ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞
-x 2 + 5 ⋅ x + 1 ＝ -⎛⎝x 2 - 5 ⋅ x⎞⎠ + 1 ＝ -⎜x 2 - 5 ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+1
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎠
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⎛ ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎞
1 - x 2 + 3 ⋅ x ＝ -x 2 + 3 ⋅ x + 1 ＝ -⎛⎝x 2 - 3 ⋅ x⎞⎠ + 1 ＝ -⎜x 2 - 3 ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+1
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎠

⎛⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -⎜⎜x - ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+1
⎝⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎠

⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2
＝ -⎜x - ― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 11
＝ -⎜x - ― ⎟ +―
⎝ 2⎠ 4

2
2
2 5 ⌠⎛ 5 ⎞ ⌠⎛
⌠⌠ ⎮ ⎜⌠ x2 ⎞
⎟ d y ＝ ⎮ ⎜y 2 ⋅ ―
⌡⌡ x ⋅ y 2
d x d y ＝ ⎮ ⎜⌡ x ⋅ y 2
d x ⎟ dy
⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎮
⌡ ⎝ 2 ⎠
1 3 ⎮
⌡ 3
1 1

dy Q ((x)) ⋅ P' ((x)) - P ((x)) ⋅ Q' ((x)) P ((x))

― ＝ ――――――――― entonces y ＝ ――
dx Q ((x)) Q ((x))

dy x2 + 1
― ＝ ――― entonces y＝
dx ‾‾‾‾‾
x2 - 1

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⎛x⎞
1) ⎮ ――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ ―⋅ arctg ⎜―⎟+c
⎮ ⎮ 5 ⎝5⎠
⌡ x + 25 ⌡ x +5
2 2 2

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
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⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
2) ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ ⎛ ⎞ 5 ⎮ x +5 5 ⎮ 2 ⎛ ‾‾ ⎞2
⌡ 5 ⋅ x + 25 ⎮
⌡ 5 ⎝x + 5⎠
2 2 2
⌡ ⌡ x + ⎝ 5 ⎠

1 ⌠ 1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎛ x ⎞⎞
―⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎜―― ⋅ arctg ⎜―― ⎟⎟ + c
5 ⎮ 2 ⎛ ‾‾ ⎞2 5 ⎜ ‾‾ ‾‾
⌡ x + ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠⎟⎠

⌠ 1
3) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮
⌡ x +2⋅x+5
2

COMPLETANDO CUADRADOS:

x2 + 2 ⋅ x + 5＝x2 + 2 x + 12 - 12 + 5

＝x2 + 2 x + 12 - 12 + 5

＝ ((x + 1)) 2 + 4
⌠ 1 1 ⎛u⎞
reemplazar: 10) ⎮ ――― d u ＝ ―⋅ arctg ⎜―⎟ + c
⎮ a ⎝a⎠
⌡ u +a
2 2

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――d x ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx u＝x + 1
⎮ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 5 ⎮
⌡ ( x + 1) 2
+ 4 ⎮ (
(x + 1)
)
2
+ 2 2
⌡ ⌡
1 ⋅ du ＝ ((1 + 0)) ⋅ dx

⌠ du ＝ dx
1 1 ⎛x+1⎞
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ arctg ⎜―― ⎟+c
⎮ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 5 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⌡

⌠ 1
⌠ 1 1 |u-a|
4) I ＝ ⎮ ――――d x 11) ⎮ ―――
⎮
d u ＝ ――⋅ ln |――| + c
2⋅a |u+a|
⌡ u -a
2 2

⎮( 1
3 ⋅ x)) 2 - ―
⎮( 2
⌡

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――d x
⎮ 1 ⎮ ⎛ 2 1 ⎞ 9 ⎮ 2 1
9 ⋅ x2 - ― 9 ⋅ ⎜x - ―⎟ x -―
⎮ 2 ⎮ 18 ⎠ ⎮ 18
⌡ ⌡ ⎝ ⌡

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮ 1 ⎮ ⎛ 2 1 ⎞ 9 ⎮ 2 ⎛ ‾‾‾1 ⎞2
9⋅x -―
2
9 ⋅ x - ―⎟
⎮ 2 ⎮ ⎜⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎮ x - ⎜ ―⎟
⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⎝ 18 ⎠
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⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⎝ 18 ⎠
⎛ | 1 |⎞
‾‾‾
⎜ | x - ― |⎟
1 ⎜ 1 18
I＝― ⋅ ―――⋅ ln |―――|⎟ + c
9 ⎜ | |
‾‾‾
1 |x+ ― 1 |⎟
‾‾‾
⎜2⋅ ― ⎟
⎝ 18 | 18 |⎠

⌠ 1 ⌠1
5) I ＝ ⎮ ――d x ＝ ln |x + 1| + c 7) ⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||u|| + c
⌡ x+1
⎮
⌡u
⎮
du ＝ dx
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⌠ 1
1) I ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x 2
+ 5 x
⌡

completando cuadrados: 1 + x2 + 5 x＝x2 + 5 x + 1

⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ x 2 + 5 x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠
⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 21
＝ ⎜x + ― ⎟ -―
⎝ 2⎠ 4

reemplazando:

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⌠ 1 | |
I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― dx ⎮ ―――― d u ＝ ln |u + ‾‾‾‾‾‾
u2 - a2 | + c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ u -a
2 2

1 + x 2
+ 5 x ⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 21 ⌡
⌡ ⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ -―
⌡ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4

⌠ | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 |
1 5
|x + ― ⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 ⎛ ‾‾‾
21 ⎞ |
I ＝ ⎮ ―――――――d x ＝ ln + ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜ ― ⎟ +c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ | 2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ |
5 ⎞ 2 ⎛ ‾‾‾
21 ⎞
2
⎛
⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜ ―⎟
⌡ ⎝
⎮ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

⌠ 10
2) I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ⌠ 1 ⎛u⎞
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ―――― d u ＝ arcsen ⎜―⎟ + c
⌡ 1-9 x +5 x
2
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - u2 ⎝a⎠
⌡

completando cuadrados: 1 - 9 x 2 + 5 x ＝ -9 x 2 + 5 x + 1
⎛ 5 ⎞
＝ -9 ⎜x 2 - ―x⎟ + 1
⎝ 9 ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎛ 1 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 1 5 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -9 ⎜x 2 - ―x + ⎜―⋅ ― ⎟ - ⎜―⋅ ―⎟ ⎟+1
⎝ 9 ⎝2 9⎠ ⎝2 9⎠ ⎠

⎛⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -9 ⎜⎜x - ―⎟ - ⎜―⎟ ⎟ + 1
⎝⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ -9 ⎜x - ―⎟ + 9 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 1
⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎝ 18 ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 61
＝ -9 ⎜x - ―⎟ + ―
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9 ⎜x ⎟ +
⎝ 18 ⎠ 36

reemplazando:

⌠ 10 ⌠ 10
I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
61 ⎛ 5 ⎞ 2
⌡ 1-9 x +5 x
2
⎮ ― - 9 ⎜x - ―⎟
⌡ 36 ⎝ 18 ⎠

⌠ 10 10 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――――――― d x ＝ ― ⋅ ⎮ ―――――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 61 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞ 3 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ‾‾‾‾
61 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2
⎮ 9 ⋅ ⎜―― - ⎜x - ―⎟ ⎟ ⎮ ⎜ ―― ⎟ - ⎜x - ―⎟
⌡ ⎝ 324 ⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎠
⌡ ⎝ 324 ⎠
⎮ ⎝ 18 ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞
⌠ ⎜ x - ―⎟
10 1 10 18 ⎟
I ＝ ― ⋅ ⎮ ―――――――― d x ＝ ― ⋅ arcsen ⎜――― +c
3 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ‾‾‾‾⎞ 2
⎛ ⎞ 3 ⎜ ‾‾‾‾
61 ⎟
61 5 2
⎮ ⎜ ―― ⎟ - ⎜x - ―⎟ ⎜ ―― ⎟
⎮ ⎝ 324 ⎠ ⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎝ 324 ⎠
⌡

⌠ 4
1) I ＝ ⎮ ――――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ -4 ⋅ x - 20 ⋅ x - 9
2

completar cuadrados: -4 ⋅ x 2 - 20 ⋅ x - 9 ＝ -4 ⎛⎝x 2 + 5 ⋅ x⎞⎠ - 9

⎛ ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -4 ⎜x 2 + 5 ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟-9
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎠

⎛ ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ -4 ⎜x 2 + 5 ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ + 4 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ -9
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎠ ⎝2⎠
⎛ 5 ⎞2
＝ -4 ⎜x + ― ⎟ + 16
⎝ 2⎠

⌠ 1 ⎛u⎞
1) ⎮ ―――― d u ＝ arcsen ⎜―⎟ + c
reemplazando en la integral: ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎝a⎠
a -u
2 2
⌡

⌠ 4 ⌠ 4 ⌠ 4
I ＝ ⎮ ――――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 5 ⎞ 2
⌡ -4 ⋅ x - 20 ⋅ x - 9
2
⎮ 4 ⎜ + ⎟ + 16 ⎮ 16 4 ⎜ + ⎟
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⌡ 4 x 20 x 9
⎮ -4 ⎜x + ―⎟ + 16 ⎮ 16 - 4 ⎜x + ―⎟
⌡ ⎝ 2⎠ ⌡ ⎝ 2⎠

⌠ 4 ⌠ 4 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ――――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ 2 ⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎞ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 5 ⎞2
⎮ 4 ⎜4 - ⎜x + ― ⎮ 2 ⋅ 4 - ⎜x + ― ⎮ 2 - ⎜x + ―
2
⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟
⌡ ⎝ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎠ ⌡ ⎝ 2⎠ ⌡ ⎝ 2⎠

⎛ 5⎞
⌠ ⎜ x + ―⎟ ⎛2 x+5⎞
1 2
I ＝ 2 ⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ 2 ⋅ arcsen ⎜――⎟ + c ＝ 2 ⋅ arcsen ⎜――― ⎟+c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 5 ⎞ 2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎮ 2 - ⎜x + ―
2
⎟
⌡ ⎝ 2⎠

⌠ 1
2) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +2⋅x
2

completar cuadrados: x2 + 2 ⋅ x＝x2 + 2 ⋅ x + 12 - 12

＝ ⎛⎝x 2 + 2 ⋅ x + 1 2 ⎞⎠ - 1 2

＝ (x + 1) 2 - 1

reemplazando

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⌠ 1 | |
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ I ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx ⎮ ―――― d u ＝ ln |u + ‾‾‾‾‾‾
u 2 - a 2 | +...
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
u -a
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮
2 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
( )
⌡ x +2⋅x ⌡ (x + 1) - 1
2 2 ⌡

⌠ 1 | |
I ＝ I ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ln |x + 1 + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((x + 1)) 2 - 1 | + c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ (x + 1) - 1
2 2

integral de funciones que contiene un trinomio cuadrado: -

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⌠ x+5
1) ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮
⌡ 2 ⋅ x 2
+ 6 ⋅ x + 1

cambio de variable: u＝2 ⋅ x2 + 6 ⋅ x + 1

tomando el diferencial: du ＝ ((4 x + 6)) ⋅ dx

buscar esa diferencial en el numerador:

1 1 1 14
x + 5 ＝ ―⋅ ((4 x + 20)) ＝ ― ⋅ ((4 x + 6 + 14)) ＝ ―⋅ ((4 x + 6)) + ―
4 4 4 4
reemplazando:
⌠ 1 14
⌠ ⎮― ⋅ ((4 x + 6)) + ―
x+5 ⎮ 4 4 A+B A B
I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ―――――― dx ――＝ ―+ ―
⎮ ⎮ C C C
⌡ 2⋅x +6⋅x+1 ⌡ 2⋅x +6⋅x+1
2 2

⌠ 1 ⌠ 14
⎮ ― ⋅ (4 x + 6) ⎮ ―
⎮ 4 ⎮ 4
I ＝ ――――― d x + ――――― dx
⎮ 2 ⋅ x2 + 6 ⋅ x + 1 ⎮ 2 ⋅ x2 + 6 ⋅ x + 1
⌡ ⌡

1 ⌠ ((4 x + 6)) 14 ⌠ 1
I＝―⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x + ― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx
4 ⎮ 2⋅x +6⋅x+1
2
4 ⎮ 2⋅x +6⋅x+1
2
⌡ ⌡

1 ⌠ ((4 x + 6)) 14 ⌠ 1 ⌠1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x + ― ⋅ ⎮ ―――――d x ⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||u|| + c
4 ⎮ 2 ⋅ x2 + 6 ⋅ x + 1 4 ⎮ 2 ⋅ x2 + 6 ⋅ x + 1 ⌡u
⎮
⌡ ⌡

1 14 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ln ||2 ⋅ x 2 + 6 ⋅ x + 1|| + ― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx
4 4 ⎮ 2⋅x +6⋅x+1
2
⌡

⌠ 2 ⌠ 2 ⌠⎛ 2 ⎞
⎮ x +5 ⎮ x +1+4 x +1 4
2) I ＝ ―――d x ＝ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜―――+ ―――⎟ d x
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ⎜ ‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +1
2
⌡ x +1
2
⌡⎝ x +1
2
x 2 + 1 ⎟⎠

⌠⎛ 4 ⎞ A
I ＝ ⎮ ⎜ ‾‾‾‾‾
x 2 + 1 + ―――⎟ d x ―― ＝ ‾‾
A
⎮ ⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
x 2
+ 1 ⎟
⎠ ‾‾
A
⌡
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⌠⎛ 4 ⎞ ⌠ ⌠ 4
I ＝ ⎮ ⎜ ‾‾‾‾‾
x 2 + 1 + ―――⎟ d x ＝ ⎮⌡
‾‾‾‾‾
x 2
+ 1 d x + ⎮ ―――d x
⎮ ⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
x 2 + 1 ⎟⎠ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +1
2
⌡

⌠ ⌠ 1
I＝⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
x 2
+ 1 2
d x + 4 ⋅ ⎮ ―――― dx
⌡
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +1
2 2

⌠ 1
3) I ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x
⌡ ((x + 5)) ⋅ ((x - 2))
⎮

1 1 1 x - 2 - (x + 5) -7
――――― ＝ ――- ――＝ ――――― ＝ ―――――
(x + 5) ⋅ (x - 2) x + 5 x - 2 (x + 5) ⋅ (x - 2) (x + 5) ⋅ (x - 2)

1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
――――― ＝ ――⋅ ⎜――- ――
((x + 5)) ⋅ ((x - 2)) -7 ⎝ x + 5 x - 2 ⎟⎠

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ -1 ⌠ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
I ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―― ⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ d x ＝ ―― ⎮ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ dx
⌡ ((x + 5)) ⋅ ((x - 2))
⎮ ⌡ -7 ⎝ x + 5 x - 2 ⎠
⎮ 7 ⎮
⌡⎝x+5 x-2⎠

-1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 -1 1
I ＝ ―― ⎮ ――d x + ―⋅ ⎮ ――d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ln ||x + 5|| + ―⋅ ln ||x - 2|| + c
7 ⎮⌡ x+5 7 ⎮⌡ x-2 7 7

⌠ (kf (x) + g (x)) d x ＝ ⌠ kf (x) d x + ⌠ g (x) d x ＝ k ⌠ f (x) d x + ⌠ g (x) d x

⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⌡

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
4) I ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――――d x
⌡ (3 x + 5) ⋅ (x - 2)
⎮ ⎮ ⎛ 5⎞
3 ⋅ ⎜x + ―
⎮ ⎝ ⎟ ⋅ ((x - 2))
⌡ 3 ⎠

1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――――d x
3 ⎮⎛ 5⎞
⎮ ⎜⎝
x+―⎟ ⋅ ((x - 2))
⌡ 3⎠
⎛ 5⎞ -11
x - 2 - ⎜x + ― ⎟ ――
1 1 1 ⎝ 3⎠ 3
―――――＝ ――- ――＝ ―――――＝ ―――――
⎛ 5⎞ 5 x-2 ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞
⎜x + ―⎟ ⋅ ((x - 2)) x + ― ⎜x + ― ⎟ ⋅ ((x - 2)) ⎜x + ―⎟ ⋅ ((x - 2))
⎝ 3⎠ 3 ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
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1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ -3 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
―――――＝ ――⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ ＝ ――
⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟
⎛ 5⎞ -11 ⎜ 5 x - 2 ⎟ 11 ⎜ 5 x-2⎟
⎜x + ―⎟ ⋅ ((x - 2)) ―― x + ― x+―
⎝ 3⎠ 3 ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠

1 ⌠ -3 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ -1 ⌠ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――
⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ d x ＝ ――⋅ ⎮ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ dx
3 ⎮ 11 ⎜ 5 x-2⎟ 11 ⎮ ⎜ 5 x-2⎟
x+― x+―
⎮ ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⎮ ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
⌡ ⌡

-1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 -1 | 5| 1
I ＝ ――⋅ ⎮ ――d x + ― ⋅ ⎮ ――d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ln |x + ― | + ― ⋅ ln ||x - 2|| + c
11 ⎮ 5 11 ⎮⌡ x - 2 11 | 3 | 11
x+―
⎮ 3
⌡

⌠1 ⌠1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||u|| + c ⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||x|| + c ⎮ ――d x ＝ ln ||x + 1|| + c
⌡u
⎮ ⌡x
⎮ ⌡ x+1
⎮

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 2 1
⎮ ――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――― dx＝― ⋅ ln ||2 x + 1|| + c
⎮
⌡ 2 x + 1 2 ⎮
⌡ 2 x + 1 2

⌠ ⌠ u ⌠ 2⋅x+5 1 ⌠ 1
5) I ＝ ⌡ e 2 ⋅ x + 5 d x ⌡ e du＝e + c I＝⌡ e
u
d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ e 2 ⋅ x + 5 .2 d x ＝ ―⋅ e 2 ⋅ x + 5 + c
2 2

cambio de variable: u＝2 ⋅ x + 5

tomando diferencial: du ＝ 2 ⋅ dx
1
despejar dx dx ＝ ―⋅ du
2
reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ u 1 u 1
⌠
I ＝ ⌡ e 2 ⋅ x + 5 d x ＝ ⎮ e u ⋅ ―d u ＝ ― ⋅ ⌡ e du＝― ⋅ e + c ＝ ―⋅ e 2 ⋅ x + 5 + c
⎮
⌡ 2 2 2 2

⌠ ⌠ ⌠ ⌠
1 1 ex ex
5) I ＝ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――d x ＝ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――― dx
⎮ e -x
+ e x
⎮ 1 ⎮ 1 + e2 x ⎮ 1 + ⎛⎝e x ⎞⎠ 2
⌡ +e ⌡ ⌡
⎮―
x

⌡ e x
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cambio de variable: u＝ex

tomando diferencial: du ＝ e x ⋅ dx
1
despejar dx dx ＝ ― ⋅ du
ex
reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ ⌠ ⌠
ex ex 1 1
⎮
I ＝ ――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――― ⋅ ― d u ＝ ⎮ ――― d u ＝ arctg ⎛⎝e x ⎞⎠ + c
⎮ 1 + ⎛⎝e ⎞⎠ ⎮ 1 + ((u)) e ⎮
⌡ 1 +u
x 2 2 x 2 2
⌡ ⌡

⌠ ⌠ ⌠
1 ⎮ ――――― ex ex
⎮ ―――
6) I ＝ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ d x ＝ dx
⎮ e -x
+ e x ⎮ e x ⋅ ⎛⎝e -x + e x ⎞⎠ ⎮ 1 + e2 x
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

⌠ 2x ⌠ 2x ⌠ ⎛ 2x
⎮ e -1 ⎮ e +1-1-1 ⎝e + 1⎞⎠ - 2
⎮ ―――― A-B A B
7) I ＝ ――― d x ＝ ――――― d x ＝ dx ――＝ ―- ―
⎮ e2 x + 1 ⎮ e2 x + 1 ⎮ e2 x + 1 C C C
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

⌠ ⎛ 2x ⌠⎛ 2 x ⌠⎛
⎝e + 1⎞⎠ - 2 e +1 2 ⎞ 2 ⎞
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜――― - ――― ⎟ d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜1 - ――― ⎟ dx
⎮ e +12 x ⎮⎝e +1 e +1⎠
2 x 2 x
⎮ ⎝ e 2 x
+ 1 ⎠
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

⌠⎛ 2 ⎞ ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ⎜1 - ――― d x ＝ ⌠ 1 d x - 2 ⋅ ⎮ ――― dx
⎟ ⌡
⎮
⌡ ⎝ e 2x
+ 1 ⎠ ⎮
⌡ e 2x
+ 1

⌠ ⌠ ⌠
1 ⎮ e -2 x 1 ⎮ e -2 x
⎮ ――― d x ＝ ――― d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ――― ⋅ ((-2)) d x
⎮ e 2x
+ 1 ⎮ 1 + e -2 x -2 ⎮ 1 + e -2 x
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

reemplazando en la I
⎛ ⎞
⌠⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎜ 1 ⌠ e -2 x ⎟
I ＝ ⎮ ⎜1 - ――― d x ＝ ⌠ 1 d x - 2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⋅ ⎮ ――― ⋅ (-2) d x ⎟
⎟ ⌡ (
⎮ ⎝ e 2x
+ 1 ⎠ ⎜ -2 ⎮ 1 + e -2 x ⎟
⌡ ⌡
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
⌠
e -2 x
I＝⌠
⌡ 1 d x + ⎮ ――― ⋅ ((-2)) d x ＝ x + ln ||1 + e -2 x|| + c
⎮ 1 + e -2 x
⌡
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⌡
dy
y＝x3 derivar: ―＝3 ⋅ x
2

dx
dy
y ＝ x 3 + 5 derivar: ―＝3 ⋅ x
2

dx
dy
y ＝ x 3 + c integrar: ―＝3 ⋅ x
2

dx

dy
―＝3 ⋅ x y＝x3
2
integrar:
dx

tercer formulario básico de integración:

1) ⌠
⌡ sen ((x) d x ＝ -cos ((x) + c

2) ⌠ ⌠
⌡ 25 ⋅ sen ((x)) d x ＝ 25 ⋅ ⌡ sen ((x)) d x ＝ 25 ⋅ ((-cosx)) + c ＝ -25 ⋅ cos ((x)) + c

1 1
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1 ⌠ 1
3) ⌠
⌡ sen ((5 x)) d x ＝ ― ⋅ ⌡ sen ((5 x)) ⋅ 5 d x ＝ ―⋅ ((-cos ((5 x)))) + c
5 5
sea: u＝5 x
du ＝ 5 ⋅ dx

4) ⌠ ⌠ ⌠ ⌠
⌡ (sen (x) + cos (x) + cos (2 x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen (x) d x + ⌡ cos (x) d x + ⌡ cos (2 x) d x

1 ⌠
⌠ (sen (x) + cos (x) + cos (2 x)) d x ＝ -cos (x) + sen (x) + ―
⌡( ( ) ( ) ( )) ( ) ( ) ⋅ cos ((2 x)) ⋅ 2 d x
2 ⌡

1
⌠ ((sen ((x)) + cos ((x)) + cos ((2 x)))) d x ＝ -cos ((x)) + sen ((x)) + ―
⌡ ⋅ sen ((2 x)) + c
2

⌠ 1 - cos ((2 x))

5) ⌡ sen 2 (x) d x pero sabemos que: sen 2 (x) ＝ ――――
2

⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos (2 x) ⎞ 1 ⌠
⌠ ( ) ( )
sen x d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜―――― ⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) d x
2
⌡ ( )
⌡⎝
⎮ 2 ⎠ 2

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⌡ sen (x) d x ＝ ―
2
⋅ ⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠ cos (2 ⋅ x) d x
2 2 ⌡

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⌡ sen ((x)) d x ＝ ―
2
⋅ ⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠ cos ((2 ⋅ x)) ⋅ 2 d x
2 4 ⌡

⌠ 1 1
⌡ sen ((x)) d x ＝ ― ⋅ x - ―⋅ sen ((2 x)) + c
2

2 4

integral de funciones que contiene un trinomio cuadrado: -

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⌠ 5⋅x+3
1) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮
⌡ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x - 1

cambio de variable: u＝x2 + 2 ⋅ x - 1

tomar el diferencial: du ＝ ((2 ⋅ x + 2)) ⋅ dx

tenemos que hacer aparecer en el numerador ((2 ⋅ x + 2)) :

1 5 ⎛ 6⎞ 5 ⎛ 6⎞
5 ⋅ x + 3 ＝ ―⋅ ((2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ x + 6)) ＝ ―⎜2 ⋅ x + ―⎟ ＝ ―⎜2 ⋅ x + 2 - 2 + ―⎟
2 2 ⎝ 5⎠ 2 ⎝ 5⎠

5 ⎛ 4⎞ 5
5 ⋅ x + 3 ＝ ―⎜2 ⋅ x + 2 - ―⎟ ＝ ―⋅ ((2 x + 2) - 2
2 ⎝ 5⎠ 2

reemplazando:
⌠ 5
⌠ 5⋅x+3 ⎮ ―⋅ ((2 x + 2)) - 2
⎮ 2 a-b a b
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ――――― dx ―― ＝ ―- ―
⎮ ⎮ x2 + 2 ⋅ x - 1 c c c
⌡ x +2⋅x-1
2
⌡

⌠ 5 ⌠ 5
⎮ ― ⋅ ((2 x + 2)) - 2 ⎮ ―⋅ ((2 x + 2))
⌠ 5⋅x+3 2 ⌠
⎮ ⎮ 2 2
I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ――――― d x ＝ ―――― d x - ⎮ ――――d x
⎮ ⎮ ⎮
⌡ x +2⋅x-1 ⌡ x +2⋅x-1 ⌡ x +2⋅x-1 ⎮
⌡ x +2⋅x-1
2 2 2 2

5 ⌠ ((2 x + 2)) ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― d x - 2 ⋅ ⎮ ――――d x
2 ⎮ x +2⋅x-1 ⎮
⌡ x +2⋅x-1
2 2
⌡

completar cuadrados: x2 + 2 ⋅ x - 1＝x2 + 2 ⋅ x + 12 - 12 - 1

＝ (x + 1) 2 - 2

5 ⌠ (2 x + 2) ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― d x - 2 ⋅ ⎮ ――――d x
2 ⎮ x2 + 2 ⋅ x - 1 ⌡ (x + 1) - 2
⎮ 2
⌡

5 ⌠ (2 2) ⌠ 1
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5 ⌠ ((2 x + 2) ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― d x - 2 ⋅ ⎮ ―――――― dx
2 ⎮ x +2⋅x-1
⌡
2
⎮ (x + 1) 2 - ⎛⎝ ‾‾
2
⎞2
⎠
⌡

5 ⌠ ((2 x + 2)) ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― d x - 2 ⋅ ⎮ ―――――― dx
2 ⎮ x +2⋅x-1
2
⎮ ⎛ ⎞
‾‾
2
⌡ ⌡ ((x + 1)) - ⎝ 2 ⎠
2

⌠1 1 |u-a|
⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||u|| ―― ⋅ ln |―― |
⌡u
⎮ 2a |u+a|

| |
5 1 x + 1 - ‾‾
2|
I ＝ ―⋅ ln ||x 2 + 2 ⋅ x - 1|| - 2 ⋅ ――⋅ ln |―――― +c
2 2 ‾‾
2 | x + 1 + ‾‾
|
2|
|

⌠ x+1
2) ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x -2⋅x
2

cambio de variable: u＝x2 - 2 ⋅ x

tomar el diferencial: du ＝ ((2 ⋅ x - 2) ⋅ dx

tenemos que hacer aparecer en el numerador ((2 ⋅ x - 2)) :

1 1 1 1
x + 1 ＝ ―((2 ⋅ x + 2)) ＝ ―⋅ ((2 x - 2 + 2 + 2)) ＝ ―((2 x - 2 + 4)) ＝ ―((2 ⋅ x - 2)) + 2
2 2 2 2
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⌠ ⎮ ―(2 ⋅ x - 2) + 2 ⎮ ―(2 ⋅ x - 2) ⌠
x+1 ⎮ 2 ⎮ 2 2
⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―――――d x ＝ ――――d x + ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x 2
- 2 ⋅ x ⎮
⌡ x 2
- 2 ⋅ x ⎮
⌡ x 2
- 2 ⋅ x ⌡ x 2
- 2 ⋅ x

⌠ x+1 1 ⌠ ((2 ⋅ x - 2)) ⌠ 1

⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― dx + 2 ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x -2⋅x ⌡ x -2⋅x ⌡ x -2⋅x
2 2 2

x 2 - 2 ⋅ x ＝ x 2 - 2 x + 1 2 - 1 2 ＝ ((x - 1)) 2 - 1 2

⌠ x+1 1 ⌠ ((2 ⋅ x - 2)) ⌠ 1

⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――― d x + 2 ⎮ ―――――d x
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⎮ dx ⎮ dx + ⎮ dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
(x - 1) 2 - 1 2
⌡ x -2⋅x
2
⌡ x -2⋅x
2
⌡

⌠ 1 | |
⎮ ―――― d u ＝ ln |u + ‾‾‾‾‾‾
u2 - a2 | + c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
u -a
2 2
⌡

⌠ x+1 ⌠ ((2 ⋅ x - 2)) ⌠ 1

⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx + 2 ⎮ ―――――d x
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
x - 2 ⋅ x ⎮ 2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
x - 2 ⋅ x ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
( )2
⌡ (x - 1) - 1
2 2 2
⌡ ⌡

⌠ x+1 | |
⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
x 2 - 2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ ln |x - 1 + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((x - 1)) 2 - 1 2 | + c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x -2⋅x
2

⌠ 1
1) ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮
⌡ 3 ⋅ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 1

⎛ 2 ⎞
3 ⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x + 1 ＝ 3 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ―⋅ x⎟ + 1
completar cuadrados: ⎝ 3 ⎠

⎛ 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ 3 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ― ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+1
⎝ 3 ⎝3⎠ ⎝3⎠ ⎠

⎛ 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞2
＝ 3 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ― ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ - 3 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ 3 ⎝3⎠ ⎠ ⎝3⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2
＝ 3 ⋅ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - 3 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝3⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞2 2
＝ 3 ⋅ ⎜x + ― ⎟ +―
⎝ 3⎠ 3

reemplazando:

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ―⎮ ――――― dx
⎮
⌡ 3⋅x +2⋅x+1
2
⎮ ⎛ 1⎞ 2
2 3 ⎮⎛ 1 ⎞2 2
⎮ 3 ⋅ ⎜⎝x + ―
3⎠
⎟ +―
3 ⎮ ⎜⎝x + ―
3⎠
⎟ +―
9
⌡ ⌡

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ―⎮ ――――――d x
⎮
⌡ 3⋅x +2⋅x+1
2
⎮ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 2 3 ⎮⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 ⎛ ‾‾
2⎞
2

⎮ 3 ⋅ ⎜x + ⎟ + ⎮⎜ + ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟
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⌡
⎮ 3 ⋅ ⎜⎝x + ―⎟ +―
3⎠ 3 ⎮ ⎜x + ―⎟ +⎜ ― ⎟
⌡ ⌡⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 9⎠

⎛ 1⎞
⌠ ⎜ x + ― ⎟
1 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⎜―― 3⎟
⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ―⎮ ――――――d x ＝ ―― ⋅ actg +c
⎮ 3 ⋅ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 1 3 ⎮⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 ⎛ ‾‾
2 ⎞ 2 ‾‾
2 ⎜ ‾‾
2 ⎟
⌡ ― ⎜ ―⎟
⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ +⎜ ― ⎟
⌡ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 9 ⎠ 9 ⎝ 9 ⎠

⌠ 3⋅x+4
2) I ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮
⌡ 5⋅x +2⋅x+1
2

cambio de variable: u＝5 ⋅ x2 + 2 ⋅ x + 1

diferencia a ambos miembros: du ＝ ((10 ⋅ x + 2) ⋅ dx

3 ⋅ 10 ⋅ x + 40 1 3 ⎛ 40 ⎞
3 ⋅ x + 4 ＝ ――――＝ ― ⋅ ((3 ⋅ 10 ⋅ x + 40)) ＝ ― ⋅ ⎜10 ⋅ x + 2 + ― - 2⎟
10 10 10 ⎝ 3 ⎠
3 ⎛ 34 ⎞ 3 3 34
3 ⋅ x + 4 ＝ ― ⋅ ⎜10 ⋅ x + 2 + ―⎟ ＝ ― ⋅ ((10 ⋅ x + 2)) + ― ⋅ ―
10 ⎝ 3 ⎠ 10 10 3
3 17
3 ⋅ x + 4 ＝ ― ⋅ (10 ⋅ x + 2) + ―
10 5
⌠ 3 17
⌠ ⎮ ― ⋅ ((10 ⋅ x + 2)) + ―
3⋅x+4 ⎮ 10 5
I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ――――――― dx
⎮ 5 ⋅ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 1 ⎮ 5 ⋅ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 1
⌡ ⌡

⌠ 3 ⌠ 17
⎮ ― ⋅ (10 ⋅ x + 2) ⎮ ―
⎮ 10 ⎮ 5
I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x + ⎮ ――――― dx
⌡ 5 ⋅ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 1 ⌡ 5 ⋅ x 2
+ 2 ⋅ x + 1

3 ⌠ ((10 ⋅ x + 2) 17 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x + ― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx
10 ⎮ 5 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x + 1
2
5 ⎮ 5⋅x +2⋅x+1
2
⌡ ⌡

⌠ 1
I1 ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮
⌡ 5⋅x +2⋅x+1
2

⎛ 2 ⎞
COMPLETAR CUADRADOS: 5 ⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x + 1 ＝ 5 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ―⋅ x⎟ + 1
⎝ 5 ⎠

⎛ 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ 5 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ― ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+1
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5 ⎜x + x+⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟+
⎝ 5 ⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠ ⎠

⎛ 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞2
＝ 5 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ― ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ - 5 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ 5 ⎝5⎠ ⎠ ⎝5⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2
＝ 5 ⋅ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - 5 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ 5⎠ ⎝5⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞2 4
＝ 5 ⋅ ⎜x + ― ⎟ +―
⎝ 5⎠ 5

reemplazando en la integral I1

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
I1 ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x 1 1 ⎛u⎞
⎮ ――― d u ＝ ― ⋅ arcotg ⎜― ⎟+c
⎮
⌡ 5⋅x +2⋅x+1
2
⎮ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 4 ⎮ u 2
+ a 2
a ⎝ a⎠
⎮ 5 ⋅ ⎜ x + ― ⎟ +― ⌡
⌡ ⎝ 5⎠ 5

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
I1 ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――――― dx
⎮ ⎛ 1⎞ 2
4 5 ⎮⎛ 1⎞ 2
4 5 ⎮⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 2 ⎞2
⎮ 5 ⋅ ⎜⎝x + ―
5
⎟ +―
⎠ 5 ⎮ ⎜⎝x + ―
5
⎟ +―
⎠ 25 ⎮ ⎜⎝x + ―
5
⎟ + ⎜―
⎠ ⎝5⎠
⎟
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

⎛ 1⎞
⌠ ⎜ x + ―⎟ ⎛ 5⋅x+1⎞
1 1 1 1 ⎜―― 5⎟ 1
I1 ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ―⋅ ― ⋅ arctg ＝ ―⋅ arctg ⎜――― ⎟
5 ⎮⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 2 ⎞2 5 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎮ ⎜⎝x + ― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟ ― ⎜ ― ⎟
⌡ 5⎠ ⎝5⎠ 5 ⎝ 5 ⎠

reemplazando en I

3 ⌠ ((10 ⋅ x + 2)) 17 ⌠ 1 ⌠1
I ＝ ― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x + ― ⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx ⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||u||
10 ⎮ 5 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x + 1
2
5 ⎮ 5⋅x +2⋅x+1
2
⌡u
⎮
⌡ ⌡

3 17 ⎛ 1 ⎛ 5 ⋅ x + 1 ⎞⎞
I ＝ ― ⋅ ln ||5 ⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x + 1|| + ― ⋅ ⎜―⋅ arctg ⎜――― ⎟⎟ + c
10 5 ⎝2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

⌠ 1
3) ⎮ ――――――d x
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ -2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x + 1
2

completar cuadrados: -2 ⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x + 1 ＝ -2 ⋅ ⎛⎝x 2 - x⎞⎠ + 1

⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ -2 ⋅ ⎜x 2 - x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟+1
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⎜x x+⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟+
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎠

⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞2
＝ -2 ⋅ ⎜x 2 - x + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +1
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞2 3
＝ -2 ⋅ ⎜x - ― ⎟ +―
⎝ 2⎠ 2

reemplazando:

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⌠ 1 ⎛u⎞
I ＝ ⎮ ――――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ⎮ ――――
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
d u ＝ arcsen ⎜―⎟ + c
⎝a⎠
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 1 ⎞2 3
a2 - u2
⌡ -2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x + 1
2 ⌡
⎮ -2 ⋅ ⎜x - ― ⎟ +―
⌡ ⎝ 2⎠ 2

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 1 ⎞2 3 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3 ⎛ 1 ⎞2
⎮ -2 ⋅ ⎜x - ― ⎟ +― ⎮ ―- 2 ⋅ ⎜x - ― ⎟
⌡ ⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⌡ 2 ⎝ 2⎠

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ――――――― d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛3 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎞
2
‾‾
2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2
‾‾
2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ‾‾
3 ⎞ 2
⎛ 1⎞ 2
⎮ 2 ⋅ ⎜―- ⎜x - ―⎟ ⎟ ⎮ ―- ⎜x - ― ⎟ ⎮ ⎜ ― ⎟ - ⎜x - ―⎟
⌡ ⎝4 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎠ ⌡ 4 ⎝ 2⎠
⌡ ⎝ 4⎠
⎮ ⎝ 2⎠

⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜ x - ―⎟ ⎜ x - ―⎟ ⎛2⋅x-1⎞
1 2 1 2 1
I ＝ ―― ⋅ arcsen ⎜――⎟ + c ＝ ―― ⋅ arcsen ⎜――⎟ + c ＝ ―― ⋅ arcsen ⎜――― ⎟+c
‾‾
2 ⎜ ‾‾ 3 ⎟ ‾‾
2 ⎜ ‾‾ 3 ⎟ ‾‾
2 ⎜ ‾‾
3 ⎟⎠
⎝
⎜ ―⎟ ⎜ ―― ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⌠ x+1
4) I ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ 2⋅x +3⋅x
2

u＝2 ⋅ x2 + 3 ⋅ x
du ＝ (4 x + 3) ⋅ dx
4 1 1 1 1
x + 1 ＝ ―⋅ ((x + 1)) ＝ ―⋅ ((4 x + 4)) ＝ ―⋅ ((4 x + 3 + 1)) ＝ ―⋅ ((4 x + 3)) + ―
4 4 4 4 4

reemplzando:
a+b a b
―― ＝ ―+ ―
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+
c c c

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ― ⋅ ((4 x + 3)) + ― ⎮ ― ⋅ ((4 x + 3)) ⎮ ―
⌠ x+1 ⎮ 4 4 ⎮ 4 ⎮ 4
I ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ―――――― d x ＝ ――――― d x + ――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ 2 ⋅ x 2
+ 3 ⋅ x ⎮
⌡ 2 ⋅ x 2
+ 3 ⋅ x ⎮
⌡ 2 ⋅ x 2
+ 3 ⋅ x ⎮
⌡ 2 ⋅ x 2
+ 3 ⋅ x

1 ⌠ ((4 x + 3)) 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x + ―⋅ ⎮ ――――― dx
4 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 4 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ 2⋅x +3⋅x ⌡ 2⋅x +3⋅x
2 2

⌠ 1
I1 ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ 2⋅x +3⋅x
2

⎛ 3 ⎞
COMPLETANDO CUADRADOS: 2 ⋅ x 2 + 3 ⋅ x ＝ 2 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ―⋅ x⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛ 3 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎞
＝ 2 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ― ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎠

⎛ 3 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞2
＝ 2 ⋅ ⎜x 2 + ― ⋅ x + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ - 2 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎝4⎠ ⎠ ⎝4⎠

⎛ 3 ⎞2 9
＝ 2 ⋅ ⎜x + ― ⎟ -―
⎝ 4⎠ 8
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
I1 ＝ ⎮ ――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ x 2
+ 3 ⋅ x ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 3 ⎞2 9 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎛ 3 ⎞2 9 ⎞
⌡ ⎮ 2 ⋅ ⎜x + ― ⎟ -― ⎮ 2 ⋅ ⎜⎜x + ― ⎟ - ―⎟
⌡ ⎝ 4⎠ 8 ⌡ ⎝⎝ 4⎠ 16 ⎠

1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
I1 ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――――――d x
2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‾‾ ⎛ 3 ⎞2 9 2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‾‾ ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2
⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ -― ⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟
⌡ ⎝ 4⎠ 16 ⌡ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 | |
I1 ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――――――d x ⎮ ―――― d u ＝ ln |u + ‾‾‾‾‾‾
u2 - a2 | + c
2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‾‾ ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ u -a
2 2
⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟
⌡ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠
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⌡ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠

1 ⌠ 1 1 | 3 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 ⎛ 3 ⎞2 |
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
I1 ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――――――d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ln |x + ― + ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ |
‾‾
2 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 2
‾‾
2 | 4 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ |
⎮ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟
⌡ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠

1 ⌠ (4 x + 3) 1 ⎛ 1 | 3 3 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 |⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ――――― d x + ―⋅ ⎜―― ⋅ ln |x + ―+ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ |⎟
4 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 4 ⎜ ‾‾ | 4 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ |⎟⎠
⌡ 2⋅x +3⋅x
2
⎝ 2

2 1 ⎛ 1 | 3 3 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 |⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛
I ＝ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ x2 + 3 ⋅ x + ―⋅ ⎜―― ⋅ ln |x + ―+ ⎜x + ― ⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ |⎟ + c
4 4 ⎜ ‾‾ | 4 ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ |⎟⎠
⎝ 2

⌠ f (x) d x ＝ ⌠ f (ϕ (t)) ⋅ ϕ' (t) d t

⌡ ( ) ⌡ ( ( )) ()

es buscar un reemplazo adecuado de manera que su diferencial

aparezca en el numerador .

integración por sustitución o cambio de variable

⌠
3 ⋅ a ⋅ x2 - 2 ⋅ b ⋅ x
1) I ＝ ⎮ ―――――― dx
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ a⋅x -b⋅x
3 2

buscar el reemplazo adecuado: sea: u2 ＝a ⋅ x3 - b ⋅ x2

tomar diferencial: 2 ⋅ u ⋅ du ＝ ⎛⎝3 a ⋅ x 2 - 2 b ⋅ x⎞⎠ ⋅ dx

2⋅u
despejar dx : dx ＝ ――――― ⋅ du
3 a ⋅ x2 - 2 b ⋅ x
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reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ ⌠
3 ⋅ a ⋅ x2 - 2 ⋅ b ⋅ x 3 ⋅ a ⋅ x2 - 2 ⋅ b ⋅ x 2⋅u
I ＝ ⎮ ―――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――― ⋅ ――――― du
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾ 3 a ⋅ x 2
- 2 b ⋅ x
⌡ a⋅x -b⋅x
3 2
⌡ u 2

⌠ 2⋅u ⌠2u
I ＝ ⎮ ――d u ＝ ⎮ ――du＝⌠
⌡ 2 du＝2 ⋅ ⌠
⌡ du ＝ 2 ⋅ u + c
⎮ ‾‾‾
u 2
⌡ u
⎮
⌡

1
―
I ＝ 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝a ⋅ x - b ⋅ x ⎠ + c ＝ 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3 2⎞ 2
a ⋅ x3 - b ⋅ x2 + c

⌠ x ⋅ cosx
2) I ＝ ⎮ ――――――― dx
( )m
⌡ (xsenx + cosx - 1)
⎮

buscar el reemplazo adecuado: sea: u ＝ xsenx + cosx - 1

tomar diferencial: du ＝ ((x ⋅ cosx)) .dx

1
despejar dx : dx ＝ ――― ⋅ du
x ⋅ cosx
reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ x ⋅ cosx ⌠ x ⋅ cosx 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ――――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――― ⋅ ――― d u ＝ ⎮ ―― du
⎮
⌡ (
(xsenx + cosx - 1)
)
m
⎮
⌡ (
( u )
)
m
x ⋅ cosx ⎮ u m
⌡

⌠ u -m + 1 ((xsenx + cosx - 1)) -m + 1

I ＝ ⌡ u -m d u ＝ ――― + c ＝ ―――――――― +c
-m + 1 -m + 1

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1
3) I ＝ ⎮ ――――――――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――⋅ ――――――d x
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾2 ⎞ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ⎞
⎛ 2⎞
⌡ ⎝1 + x ⎠ ⋅ ln ⎝x + 1 + x ⎠ ⌡
1 + x2 ln ⎝x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 ⎠

⎛ ⎞
buscar el reemplazo adecuado: sea: u 2 ＝ ln ⎝x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 ⎠
2⋅x
1 + ――――
2 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2
tomar diferencial: 2 u ⋅ du ＝ ―――――⋅ dx
x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2

x x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2
1
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+ +
1 + ――― ――――
‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 1
2 u ⋅ du ＝ ―――― ⋅ dx ＝ ―――― ⋅ dx ＝ ―――⋅ dx
x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2
1
2 u ⋅ du ＝ ―――⋅ dx
‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2

despejar dx : dx ＝ 2 u ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x 2 ⋅ du

reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――⋅ ――――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―――⋅ ――⋅ 2 u ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 du
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ⎞ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾
1+x ln ⎝x + ‾‾‾‾‾ ⌡ 1+x u
2 2 2
⌡ 1 + x2 ⎠

⌠ 1 1 ⌠1
1 + x 2 d u ＝ ⎮ ―⋅ 2 u d u ＝ 2 ⋅ ⌠
I ＝ ⎮ ―――⋅ ――⋅ 2 u ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⌡ 1 du＝2 u + c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾ ⎮
⌡ u
⌡ 1+x u
2 2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ ⎞
I＝2 ln ⎝x + ‾‾‾‾‾
1 + x2 ⎠ + c

⌠
4) I＝⌡ e2 ⋅ x + 5 dx

buscar en cambio adecuada: u＝2 ⋅ x + 5

tomar el diferencial: du ＝ 2 ⋅ dx
1
despejar dx dx ＝ ―⋅ du
2
reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ 1 1 ⌠ u 1 u 1
⌠
I ＝ ⌡ e 2 ⋅ x + 5 d x ＝ ⎮ e u ⋅ ―d u ＝ ― ⋅ ⌡ e du＝― ⋅ e + c ＝ ―⋅ e 2 x + 5 + c
⎮
⌡ 2 2 2 2

⌠3 d 1
‾‾‾‾‾‾ ― ((lnx)) ＝ ―
1 + lnx
5) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx dx x
⎮ x
⌡
1
―
buscar en cambio adecuada: u ＝ 1 + lnx
3
entonces: u ＝ ((1 + lnx) 3

1
tomar el diferencial: 3 u 2 ⋅ du ＝ ―⋅ dx
x
despejar dx dx ＝ 3 ⋅ u 2 ⋅ x ⋅ du
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reemplazando en la integral:

⌠3 ⌠3 3
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 + lnx ⎮ ‾‾‾
u ⌠3 3
‾‾‾ ⌠
I ＝ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――⋅ 3 ⋅ u 2 ⋅ x d u ＝ ⎮
⌡ u ⋅ 3 ⋅ u2 du＝⌡ 3 ⋅ u3 du
⎮ x
⌡ ⌡ x

⌠3 ⎛ ―⎞
1 4
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 + lnx ⌠ ⌠ 3 u4 3 ⎜
I ＝ ―――― d x ＝ ⌡ 3 ⋅ u d u ＝ 3 ⋅ ⌡ u d u ＝ 3 ⋅ ――
3
+ c＝― ⋅ ⎝((1 + lnx)) 3 ⎟⎠ + c
⎮ x 4 4
⌡

⌠3 4
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
1 + lnx 3 ―
I ＝ ―――― dx＝― ⋅ ((1 + lnx)) 3 + c
⎮ x 4
⌡
⌠ ⌠ ⌠ ⌠
1 ⎮ ――――― ex ⎮ ―――ex ⎮ ――― ex
6) I ＝ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ d x ＝ d x ＝ dx
⎮ e -x
+ e x ⎮ e x ⋅ ⎛⎝e -x + e x ⎞⎠ ⎮ 1 + e2 ⋅ x ⎮ 1 + ⎛⎝e x ⎞⎠ 2
⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⌡

buscar en cambio adecuada: u＝ex entonces:

tomar el diferencial: du ＝ e x ⋅ dx
1
despejar dx dx ＝ ― ⋅ du
ex
reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ ⌠ ⌠
ex ex 1 1
I ＝ ⎮ ――― d x ＝ ⎮ ――― ⋅ ― d u ＝ ⎮ ――― d u ＝ arctg ⎛⎝e x ⎞⎠ + c
⎮ 1 + ⎛⎝e ⎞⎠ ⎮ 1 + (u) e ⎮
⌡ 1 +u
x 2 2 x 2 2
⌡ ⌡

⌠ ⌠ ⌠ ⌠ ⌠
1 1 1 ⎮ ex ⎮ ex
7) ⎮
I ＝ ――― ⎮ ⎮
d x ＝ ―――d x ＝ ――― d x ＝ ――― d x ＝ ――― dx
⎮ ⎮ 1 ⎮ 1 + e2 x ⎮ 1 + e2 x ⎮ 1 + ⎛⎝e x ⎞⎠ 2
⌡ e +e
-x x
+e ⌡ ⌡
⎮―
x
⎮ ―――
⌡ e
x
⌡ e x

⌠ x ⌠ 2x
8) I ＝ ⎮ ―――d x ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾
x2 + 1 + c
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +1 ⌡ 2⋅ x +1
2 2

⌠ x
9) I ＝ ⎮ ―――d x
⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +1
2

buscar en cambio adecuada: u2 ＝x2 + 1 entonces: u ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾

x2 + 1

tomar el diferencial: 2 u ⋅ du ＝ 2 ⋅ x ⋅ dx
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tomar el diferencial: u du x dx
u
despejar dx dx ＝ ―⋅ du
x
reemplazando en la integral:

⌠ x ⌠ x u
I ＝ ⎮ ―――d x ＝ ⎮ ――⋅ ―d u ＝ ⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ 1 du＝u + c＝ x + 1 + c
2

⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⎮ ‾‾‾ x
⌡ x +1 ⌡ u
2 2

⌠ 1
10) I ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x
( ) ( )
⌡ (x + 1) ⋅ (x + 5)
⎮

1 1 1 x + 5 - (x + 1) 4
――――― ＝ ――- ――＝ ――――― ＝ ―――――
(x + 1) ⋅ (x + 5) x + 1 x + 5 (x + 1) ⋅ (x + 5) (x + 1) ⋅ (x + 5)

1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
――――― ＝ ―⋅ ⎜――- ――
((x + 1)) ⋅ ((x + 5)) 4 ⎝ x + 1 x + 5 ⎟⎠

reemplazando:

⌠ 1 ⌠1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ⎮ ―⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―― d x - ―⋅ ⎮ ――d x
⌡ ((x + 1)) ⋅ ((x + 5))
⎮ ⌡ 4 ⎝x+1 x+5⎠
⎮ 5 ⎮⌡ x+1 5 ⎮⌡ x+5

⌠1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 ⌠ 1 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠1
I ＝ ⎮ ―⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―― d x - ―⋅ ⎮ ――d x ⎮ ―d u ＝ ln ||u|| + c
⌡ 4 ⎝x+1 x+5⎠
⎮ 5 ⎮⌡ x+1 5 ⎮⌡ x+5 ⌡u
⎮

⌠1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 1
I ＝ ⎮ ―⋅ ⎜――- ―― ⎟ dx＝― ⋅ ln ||x + 1|| - ―⋅ ln ||x + 5|| + c
⌡ 4 ⎝x+1 x+5⎠
⎮ 5 5

⌠ 1 ⌠ 2x ⌠ 2x
11) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――――d x ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⎮ x ⋅ ⎛⎝x - 8⎞⎠
2
⎮ 2 x ⋅ x ⋅ ⎛⎝x - 8⎞⎠
2
⎮ 2 x 2
⋅ ⎛⎝x 2 - 8⎞⎠
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

⌠
x3 - 1
12) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ x4 - 4 ⋅ x + 1
⌡
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u＝x4 - 4 ⋅ x + 1

du ＝ ⎛⎝4 ⋅ x 3 - 4⎞⎠ ⋅ dx ＝ 4 ⋅ ⎛⎝x 3 - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ dx

1
dx ＝ ―――― ⋅ du
4 ⋅ ⎛⎝x 3 - 1⎞⎠
⌠ ⌠ 3
⎮ x3 - 1 x -1
⎮ ――― 1 1 ⌠1 1
I ＝ ―――― d x ＝ ⋅ ―――― d u ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―d u ＝ ― ⋅ ln ||u|| + c
⎮ x -4⋅x+1
4 ⎮ u 4 ⋅ ⎛
⎝x 3
- 1⎞
⎠ 4 ⎮ u 4
⌡ ⌡ ⌡

1 ⌠1 1 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ―d u ＝ ―⋅ ln ||u|| + c ＝ ―⋅ ln ||x 4 - 4 ⋅ x + 1|| + c
4 ⎮⌡u 4 4

integración de las funciones trigonométricas

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1) I＝⌠
⌡ sen ((x)) d x ＝ -cos ((x)) + c

⌠ 1 - cos ((2 x)) 1

⌠
2) I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x) d x ＝ ⎮ ――――d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌠ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((2 x)) d x
⎮
⌡ 2 2

⌠ 1 1 ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 dx - ―⋅ cos ((2 x)) d x
2 2 ⌡

⌠ 1 1 ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 (x) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 dx - ―⋅ cos (2 x) ⋅ 2 d x
2 4 ⌡

⌠ 1 1
I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ―⋅ x - ― ⋅ sen ((2 x)) + c
2 4 sen 2 ((x)) ＝ 1 - cos 2 ((x))
⌠ ⌠ ⌠
3) I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 (x)⎞⎠ ⋅ sen (x) d x ＝ ⌠
⌡ sen (x) d x - ⌡ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x
2

cos 3 (x)
I ＝ -cos ((x)) + ―――+ c
3

⌠ 1 - cos ((2 x)) 1 + cos ((2 x))

4) I ＝ ⌡ sen 4 ((x)) d x sen 2 ((x)) ＝ ―――― cos 2 ((x)) ＝ ――――
2 2

⌠⎛
⌠⎛ 1 - cos ((2 x)) ⎞ 2
⎞⎠ 2 d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜―――― 1 ⌠
I＝⎮
⌡ ⎝sen 2
(
( x ) ⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((2 x)) d x
2

⎮
⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ 4

1 ⌠⎛ 1 + cos ((4 x) ⎞
I＝―⋅ ⎮ ⎜1 - 2 cos ((2 x)) + ――――⎟ d x
4 ⎮⌡⎝ 2 ⎠

1 ⌠ 1 1 1
I＝― ⋅ ⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ cos ((2 x)) d x + ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 d x + ―⋅ ⌠ cos ((4 x)) d x
4 2 8 8 ⌡

1 1 1 1
I＝― ⋅x-― ⋅ sen ((2 x)) + ―⋅ x + ― ⋅ sen ((4 x)) + c
4 4 8 32

1) I＝⌠
⌡ senx d x ＝ -cosx + c
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1) ⌡ senx d x cosx + c

⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos (2 x) ⎞ 1
⌠ ( )
2) I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌠ ( ( ))
⌡ (1 - cos (2 x)) d x
⎮
⌡ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

1 ⌠ 1
I＝― ⋅ ⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠ cos (2 x) d x
2 2 ⌡

1 1 1 x 1
I＝― ⋅ x - ―⋅ ―⋅ sen ((2 x)) + c ＝ ―- ―⋅ sen ((2 x)) + c
2 2 2 2 4

⌠ ⌠
3) I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x sen 2 ((x)) ＝ 1 - cos 2 ((x))

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 (x)⎞⎠ ⋅ sen (x) d x ＝ ⌠
⌡ senx d x - ⌡ cos (x) ⋅ senx d x
2

⎛ -cos 3 (x) ⎞ cos 3 (x)

I ＝ -cosx - ⎜―――― ⎟ + c ＝ -cosx + ―――+ c
⎝ 3 ⎠ 3
⌠⎛
⌠ ⌠⎛ ⎞ 1 - cos ((2 x)) ⎞ 2
⎮ ⎜――――
3) 4
( )
I ＝ ⌡ sen (x) d x ＝ ⎮
⌡ ⎝ sen 2
(
(x )
)⎠
2
d x ＝ ⎟ dx
⎮
⌡⎝ 2 ⎠

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠⎛
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ (1 - cos (2 x)) 2 d x ＝ ― ⋅ ⌡ ⎝1 - 2 ⋅ cos (2 x) + cos 2 (2 x)⎞⎠ d x
4 4

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠⎛
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) 2 d x ＝ ― ⋅ ⌡ ⎝1 - 2 ⋅ cos ((2 x)) + cos 2 ((2 x))⎞⎠ d x
4 4

1 ⌠⎛ 1 + cos ((4 x)) ⎞ 1 + cos ((4 x))

I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ⎜1 - 2 ⋅ cos ((2 x)) + ――――⎟ d x cos 2 ((2 x)) ＝ ――――
4 ⎮⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

1 1 ⌠ 1 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 dx - ― ⋅ ⌡ cos ((2 x) d x + ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 d x + ―⋅ ⌠ cos ((4 x) d x
4 2 8 8 ⌡

1 1 1 1 1 1
I ＝ ―⋅ x - ―⋅ ―⋅ sen ((2 x)) + ― ⋅ x + ―⋅ ―⋅ sen ((4 x)) + c
4 2 2 8 8 4

3 1 1
I ＝ ―⋅ x - ― ⋅ sen ((2 x)) + ― ⋅ sen ((4 x)) + c
8 4 32
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⌠ 1 u2 sen 2 (x)
1) I＝⌠
⌡ sen (x
( )) ⋅ cos ( x
( )) d x ＝ ⎮ u ⋅ cos ( x
( )) ⋅ ――― d u ＝ ⌠ u d u ＝ ――
⌡ + c ＝ ――― +c
⎮
⌡ cos ( x ) 2 2

u ＝ sen ((x))

du ＝ cos ((x)) ⋅ dx
1
dx ＝ ――― ⋅ du
cos ((x))
⌠ 3
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x
2 5
2)
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⌠ 3 ⌠ 3
⎮ ―
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x
3 5 2 5
3)

⌠ 3
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen (x) ⋅ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x sen 2 (x) ＝ 1 - cos 2 (x)
2 5

⌠ 3
⎮⎛ ―
I ＝ ⌡ ⎝1 - cos ((x))⎞⎠ ⋅ cos ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x
2 5

⌠ 3 ⌠ 13
⎮ ―
⎮ ――
I ＝ ⌡ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x - ⌡ cos ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x
( ) ( )
5 5

8 18
― ――
cos (x) cos (x)
5 5
I ＝ -―――+ ―――― +c
8 18
― ―
5 5
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ―
⎮ ―
4) I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) ⋅ cos 2 ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x cos 2 ((x)) ＝ 1 - sen 2 ((x))
2 3

⌠ 1
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x) ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - sen 2 ((x)⎞⎠ ⋅ cos ((x) d x
2

⌠ 1 ⌠ 5
⎮ ―
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x - ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x
2 2

3 7
― ―
sen (x) sen (x)
2 2
I ＝ ――― - ――― + c
3 7
― ―
2 2

⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos (2 x) ⎞ ⎛ 1 + cos (2 x) ⎞
⌠ ( ) ( )
5) I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) ⋅ cos 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ ⋅ ⎜――――⎟ d x
⌡⎝
⎮ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
I＝― ⋅ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) ⋅ ((1 + cos ((2 x)))) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 ((2 x))⎞⎠ d x
4 4

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos ((4 x)) ⎞ 1

I＝―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌠ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((4 x)))) d x
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sen ( x) d x ⎮⎜ ⎟ dx ( cos ( x)) d x
4 ⌡ 4 ⎮⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ 8 ⌡

1 1 ⌠ 1 1
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 dx - ― ⋅ ⌡ cos ((4 x)) d x ＝ ―⋅ x - ― ⋅ sen ((4 x)) + c
8 8 8 32

⌠ 1 - cos (2 x) 1 + cos (2 x)
6) I ＝ ⌡ sen 4 ((x) ⋅ cos 2 ((x) d x sen 2 (x) ＝ ―――― , cos 2 (x) ＝ ――――
2 2

⌠⎛
⌠⎛ ⎞ 1 - cos ((2 x)) ⎞ 2 ⎛ 1 + cos ((2 x)) ⎞
⎮ ⎜――――
I＝⎮ ⎝sen 2
(
( x )
)⎠
2
⋅ cos 2
(
(x )
) d x ＝ ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――――⎟ d x
⌡ ⎮ 2 2
⌡⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ (1 - cos (2 x)) 2 ⋅ (1 + cos (2 x)) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 (2 x)⎞⎠ ⋅ (1 - cos (2 x)) d x
8 8

1 ⌠
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) ⋅ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) d x
8

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) d x - ―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) ⋅ cos ((2 x)) d x
8 8

1 ⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos ((4 x)) ⎞ 1 ⌠

I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ d x - ― ⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x) ⋅ cos ((2 x) ⋅ 2 d x
8 ⎮⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ 16

1 1
I ＝―⋅ ⌠
⌡ ((1 - cos ((4 x)))) d x - ― ⋅ ⌠
⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) ⋅ cos ((2 x)) ⋅ 2 d x
16 16

1 1 1 ⌠
I ＝―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ cos ((4 x) ⋅ 4 d x - ― ⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x) ⋅ cos ((2 x) ⋅ 2 d x
16 64 16

1 1 1 sen 3 ((2 x)
I ＝ ― ⋅ x - ― ⋅ sen ((4 x)) - ― ⋅ ―――― +c
16 64 16 3
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1 ⌠
1) I＝⌠ ( ) ( )
⌡ sen (x) ⋅ cos (x) d x ＝ ―⋅ 2 ⋅ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x
2 ⌡

1 ⌠ 1 1 -1
I＝― ⋅ ⌡ sen ((2 x)) d x ＝ ―⋅ ―⋅ ((-cos ((2 x)))) + c ＝ ―― ⋅ cos ((2 x)) + c
2 2 2 4

⌠ ⌠
2) I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x) ⋅ cos ((x) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x) ⋅ cos ((x) ⋅ sen ((x) d x sen 2 ((x) ＝ 1 - cos 2 ((x)

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 ((x))⎞⎠ ⋅ cos ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x ＝ ⌠ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
⌡ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x - ⌡ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x
3

⌠
I＝⌠
⌡ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x - ⌡ cos (x) ⋅ sen (x) d x
3

sen 2 (x) ⎛ -cos 4 (x) ⎞ sen 2 (x) 1

I ＝ ―――- ⎜―――― ⎟ + c ＝ ―――+ ―⋅ cos ((x)) + c
4

2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 2 4
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ―
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos 2 ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x cos 2 ((x)) ＝ 1 - sen 2 ((x))
2 3 2
3)

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ―
⎮ ―
( x ⋅ cos x d x ＝ ⌡ sen (x) ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - sen 2 (x)⎞⎠ ⋅ cos (x) d x
) ( )
2 2
I ＝ ⌡ sen 3

⌠ 1 ⌠ 5
⎮ ―
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x - ⌡ sen ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x
2 2

3 7
― ― 3 7
sen ((x)) sen ((x))
2
2
2 ―
2 ―
⋅ sen (x) - ―⋅ sen (x) + c
2 2
I ＝ ――― - ――― + c ＝ ―
3 7 3 7
― ―
2 2

⌠
4) I ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x)) ⋅ cos 2 ((x)) d x

⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos (2 x) ⎞ ⎛ 1 + cos (2 x) ⎞ 1 ⌠
( ) ( )
I ＝ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ ⋅ ⎜――――⎟ d x ＝ ―⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 ((2 x))⎞⎠ d x
⌡⎝
⎮ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos ((4 x)) ⎞ 1 ⌠ 1

I ＝ ―⌡ sen 2 ((2 x) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ d x ＝ ― ⋅ ⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠ cos ((4 x) d x
4 4 ⎮⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ 8 8 ⌡

1 1 1 x 1
I ＝ ―⋅ x - ―⋅ ―⋅ sen ((4 x)) + c ＝ ―- ― ⋅ sen ((4 x)) + c
8 8 4 8 32
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⌠ ⌠⎛
I ＝ ⌡ sen 4 ((x)) ⋅ cos 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ⎮ ( )⎞ 2 ( )
⌡ ⎝sen (x)⎠ ⋅ cos (x) d x
2 2
5)

⌠⎛
1 - cos ((2 x)) ⎞ 2 ⎛ 1 + cos ((2 x)) ⎞ 1 ⌠
I ＝ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ ⋅ ⎜――――⎟ d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) 2 ⋅ ((1 + cos ((2 x)))) d x
⎮
⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 8

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 ((2 x))⎞⎠ ⋅ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) d x ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) ⋅ ((1 - cos ((2 x)))) d x
8 8

1 ⌠ 1 ⌠
I ＝ ―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 (2 x) d x - ―⋅ ⌡ sen 2 (2 x) ⋅ cos (2 x) d x
8 8

1 ⌠ ⎛ 1 - cos (4 x) ⎞ 1 ⌠
I ＝ ―⋅ ⎮ ⎜――――⎟ d x - ― ⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) ⋅ cos ((2 x)) ⋅ 2 d x
8 ⎮⌡⎝ 2 ⎠ 16

1 1 1 ⌠
I ＝―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ cos ((4 x)) d x - ― ⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x)) ⋅ cos ((2 x)) ⋅ 2 d x
16 16 16

1 1 1 ⌠
I ＝―⋅ ⌠
⌡ 1 d x - ―⋅ ⌠
⌡ cos ((4 x) ⋅ 4 d x - ― ⋅ ⌡ sen 2 ((2 x) ⋅ cos ((2 x) ⋅ 2 d x
16 64 16

1 1 1 sen 3 ((2 x))

I ＝ ― ⋅ x - ― ⋅ sen ((4 x)) - ― ⋅ ―――― +c
16 64 16 3

⌠ ⌠
6) I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x) ⋅ cos 3 ((x) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 2 ((x) ⋅ cos 3 ((x) ⋅ sen ((x) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x)) ⋅ cos 3 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝1 - cos 2 ((x))⎞⎠ ⋅ cos 3 ((x)) ⋅ sen ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x)) ⋅ cos 3 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x)) ⋅ cos 2 ((x)) ⋅ cos ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x) ⋅ cos 3 ((x) d x ＝ ⌡ sen 3 ((x) ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - sen 2 ((x)⎞⎠ ⋅ cos ((x) d x
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1) I＝⌠ | |
⌡ tgx d x ＝ -ln |cos ((x)| + c

⌠
2) I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) d x tg 2 ((x)) ＝ sec 2 ((x)) - 1

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 ((x)) - 1⎞⎠ d x ＝ ⌡ sec 2 ((x)) d x - ⌠
⌡ 1 d x ＝ tgx - x + c

⌠ ⌠
3) I ＝ ⌡ tg 3 ((x) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x) ⋅ tg ((x) d x tg 2 ((x) ＝ sec 2 ((x) - 1

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 ((x)) - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ tg ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) d x - ⌠
⌡ tg ((x)) d x

⌠
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⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x - ⌠
⌡ tg ((x)) d x

tg 2 ((x)) tg 2 ((x))
I ＝ ――― - ((-ln |cos ((x))|)) + c ＝ ――― + ln |cos ((x))| + c
2 2

⌠ ⌠
4) I ＝ ⌡ tg 4 (x) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 2 (x) ⋅ tg 2 (x) d x

⌠ ⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 ((x)) - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ tg 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg 2 ((x)) d x - ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x - ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) d x

tg ((x))
3
I ＝ ――― - (tgx - x) + c
3

1) I＝⌠ | |
⌡ tgx d x ＝ -ln cos ((x)) + c

⌠ ⌠
2) I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 (x) d x ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 (x) - 1⎞⎠ d x tg 2 (x) ＝ sec 2 (x) - 1

⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sec 2 ((x)) d x - ⌠
⌡ 1 d x ＝ tg ((x)) - x + c

⌠ ⌠
3) I ＝ ⌡ tg 3 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) d x tg 2 ((x)) ＝ sec 2 ((x)) - 1

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 (x) - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ tg (x) d x ＝ ⌡ sec 2 (x) ⋅ tg (x) d x - ⌠
⌡ tg (x) d x

⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x - ⌠
⌡ tg ((x)) d x

tg 2 ((x)) 1
I ＝ ――― - ((-ln |cos ((x))|)) + c ＝ ―⋅ tg ((x)) + ln |cos ((x))| + c
2 2

⌠ ⌠
4) I ＝ ⌡ tg 4 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg 2 ((x)) d x tg 2 ((x)) ＝ sec 2 ((x)) - 1

⌠ ⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 ((x)) - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ tg 2 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg 2 ((x)) d x - ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x - ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) d x
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tg 3 ((x))
I ＝ ――― - ((tg ((x)) - x)) + c
3

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ― ⎮ ―
1) I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 3 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x
3 4

⌠ 1
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + tg 2 ((x))⎞⎠ ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x
3

⌠ 1 ⌠ 7
⎮ ― ⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ tg 3 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x + ⌡ tg 3 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x

4 10
― ――
tg ((x)) tg ((x))
3 3
I ＝ ――― + ―――+ c
4 10
― ―
3 3

⌠
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⌠
1) I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 4 ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 4 ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x

⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 (x) sec 2 (x) ⋅ sec 2 (x) d x sec 2 (x) ＝ 1 + tg 2 (x)

⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⎛⎝1 + tg 2 ((x))⎞⎠ ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x + ⌡ tg 4 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x

tg ((x)) tg ((x))
3 5
I ＝ ――― + ――― +c
3 5

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ 3 ―
⎮ 3-1 ―- 1
2) I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ tg
2
((x)) sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x

⌠ -1
⎮ 2 ――
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x) sec ((x) ⋅ tg ((x) ⋅ sec ((x) d x tg 2 ((x) ＝ sec 2 ((x) - 1
2

⌠ -1
⎮⎛ 2 ⎞
――
I ＝ ⌡ ⎝sec ((x)) - 1⎠ sec ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x
2

⌠ 3 ⌠ -1
⎮ ―
⎮ ――
I ＝ ⌡ sec (x) ⋅ tg (x) ⋅ sec (x) d x - ⌡ sec (x) ⋅ tg (x) ⋅ sec (x) d x
2 2

5 1
― ―
sec (x) sec (x)
2 2
I ＝ ―――- ―――+ c
5 1
― ―
2 2

⌠
3) I ＝ ⌡ tg 3 ((x)) ⋅ sec 3 ((x)) d x

⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ tg 3 (x) ⋅ sec 3 (x) d x ＝ ⌡ tg 2 (x) ⋅ sec 2 (x) ⋅ tg (x) ⋅ sec (x) d x

tg 2 ((x)) ＝ sec 2 ((x)) - 1

⌠
I ＝ ⌡ ⎛⎝sec 2 ((x)) - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x
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⌠ ⌠
I ＝ ⌡ sec 4 ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x - ⌡ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x

sec ((x)) sec ((x))

5 3
I ＝ ―――- ―――+ c
5 3
⌠ 1
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x) ⋅ sec 4 ((x) d x
5
4)

⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
⎮ ― ⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x sec 2 ((x)) ＝ 1 + tg 2 ((x))
5 4 5

⌠ 1
⎮ ―
I ＝ ⌡ tg (x) ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + tg 2 (x)⎞⎠ ⋅ sec 2 (x) d x
5

⌠ 1 ⌠ 11
⎮ ― ⎮ ――
I ＝ ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec ((x)) d x + ⌡ tg ((x)) ⋅ sec 2 ((x)) d x
5 2 5

6 16
― ――
tg (x) tg (x)
5 5
I ＝ ――― + ―――+ c
6 16
― ―
5 5

integración por partes

el método de integración por partes es de mucha utilidad en la practica,cuyo
procedimiento es la siguiente manera:

consideremos: u ＝ f ((x) y v ＝ g ((x) dos funciones diferenciales en la variable x,de la

formula para la diferencial de dos funciones se tiene:

d ((u ⋅ v)) ＝ u ⋅ dx + v ⋅ du ,lo que es equivalente:

u ⋅ dv ＝ d ((u ⋅ v)) - v ⋅ du ,integrando ambos miembros:

⌠ u dv＝u ⋅ v - ⌠ v du
⌡ ⌡
sugerencia para usar esta formula:
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 la función dv debe ser aquella que se puede" integrar inmediatamente!.

 tener cuidado que en un solo ejercicios , a veces ,se tiene que integrar por parte
mas de una vez , o puede resultar una integral circular .

comentario: cuando se tiene un producto de una función logarítmica inclusive afectada

aun exponente por una expresión en x,en todos los casos se tima así:
⌠ h (x) ln (x) d x ⌠ ( ) n ( )
⌡ ( ) ( ) , ⌡ h (x) ln (x) d x
expresión en x: h ((x))

se hace: u ＝ ln n ((x))

1) I＝⌠
⌡ x ⋅ lnx d x

u ＝ lnx dv ＝ x ⋅ dx ⌠ dv ＝ ⌠ x d x + c
⌡ ⌡
1 x2 ⌠ u dv＝u ⋅ v - ⌠ v du
du ＝ ―⋅ dx v＝― ⌡ ⌡
x 2

⌠
x2 ⎮ x2 1 x2 1
I ＝ ⌡ x ⋅ lnx d x ＝ lnx ⋅ ― - ― ⋅ ―d x ＝ lnx ⋅ ― - ―⌠
⌠ x dx
2 ⎮⌡ 2 x 2 2 ⌡

x2 x
I ＝ lnx ⋅ ― - ―+ c
2 2

1) I＝⌠
⌡ x ⋅ lnx d x
⌠ u dv＝u ⋅ v - ⌠ v du
⌡ ⌡

u ＝ lnx dv ＝ x ⋅ dx
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u lnx dv x dx
1 x2
du ＝ ―⋅ dx v＝―
x 2
⌠ 2
x2 x 1
I＝⌠
⌡ x ⋅ lnx d x ＝ ― ⋅ lnx - ⎮― ⋅ ―d x
2 ⎮
⌡ 2 x

x2 1 ⌠ x2 x2
I ＝ ― ⋅ lnx - ―⋅ x d x ＝ ― ⋅ lnx - ― + c
2 2 ⌡ 2 4

2) I＝⌠
⌡ lnx d x ⌠ u dv＝u ⋅ v - ⌠ v du
⌡ ⌡

u ＝ lnx dv ＝ dx
1
du ＝ ―⋅ dx v＝x
x

I＝⌠ ⌠
⌡ lnx d x ＝ x ⋅ lnx - ⌡ 1 d x ＝ x ⋅ lnx - x + c

3) I＝⌠
⌡ x ⋅ senx d x
⌠ u dv＝u ⋅ v - ⌠ v du
⌡ ⌡

u＝x dv ＝ senx ⋅ dx

du ＝ dx v ＝ -cosx

I＝⌠ ⌠
⌡ x ⋅ senx d x ＝ -x ⋅ cosx - ⌡ -cosx d x ＝ -x ⋅ cosx + senx + c

⌠ ⌠ u dv＝u ⋅ v - ⌠ v du
3) I＝⌡ ex ⋅ x2 dx ⌡ ⌡

u＝x2 dv ＝ e x ⋅ dx

du ＝ 2 ⋅ x ⋅ dx v＝ex
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⌠ ⌠
I＝⌡ ex ⋅ x2 dx＝x2 ⋅ ex - ⌡ ex ⋅ 2 x dx
⌠
sea: I1 ＝ ⌡ e x ⋅ 2 x d x

u＝2 x dv ＝ e x ⋅ dx

du ＝ 2 dx v＝ex

⌠ ⌠
I1 ＝ ⌡ e x ⋅ 2 x d x ＝ 2 x ⋅ e x - ⌡ 2 ⋅ e x d x ＝ 2 x ⋅ e x - 2 ⋅ e x + c1

⌠
I ＝ ⌡ e x ⋅ x 2 d x ＝ x 2 ⋅ e x - ⎛⎝2 x ⋅ e x - 2 ⋅ e x + c1⎞⎠

⌠
I＝⌡ ex ⋅ x2 dx ＝x2 ⋅ ex - 2 x ⋅ ex + 2 ⋅ ex + c

4) I＝⌠
⌡ x ⋅ arctgx d x

u ＝ arctgx dv ＝ x ⋅ dx
1 x2
du ＝ ――― ⋅ dx v＝―
1 + x2 2
⌠
⌠ x2 1 ⎮ x2
I ＝ ⌡ x ⋅ arctgx d x ＝ ― ⋅ arctgx - ― ――― dx
2 2 ⎮ x2 + 1
⌡

⌠
x2 1 ⎮ x2 + 1 - 1 x2 1 ⌠⎛ 1 ⎞
I ＝ ― ⋅ arctgx - ― ―――― d x ＝ ― ⋅ arctgx - ― ⎮ ⎜1 - ――― ⎟ dx
2 2 ⎮ x +1
2
2 2 ⎮⎝ x +1⎠
2
⌡ ⌡

x2 1 1 ⌠ 1
I ＝ ― ⋅ arctgx - ―⌠ 1 d x + ―⋅ ⎮ ――― dx
2 2 ⌡ 2 ⎮ x2 + 1
⌡
x2 x 1
I ＝ ― ⋅ arctgx - ―+ ―⋅ arctgx + c
2 2 2
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⌠
5) I ＝ ⌡ e x ⋅ cosx d x

u ＝ cosx dv ＝ e x ⋅ dx

du ＝ -senx ⋅ dx v＝ex

⌠
I ＝ e x ⋅ cosx + ⌡ e x ⋅ senx d x

u ＝ senx dv ＝ e x ⋅ dx

du ＝ cosx ⋅ dx v＝ex
⎛ ⎞
⌠ x
I ＝ e ⋅ cosx + e ⋅ senx - ⌡ e ⋅ cosx d x⎟
x ⎜ x
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠

⌠
I ＝ e x ⋅ cosx + e x ⋅ senx - ⌡ e x ⋅ cosx d x

I ＝ e x ⋅ cosx + e x ⋅ senx - I
1 ⎛ x
I＝― ⋅ ⎝e ⋅ cosx + e x ⋅ senx⎞⎠ + c
2

integrales por sustitución trigonométrica

⌠ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⌠ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⌠ ⎛ 2 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ R ⎝u , u + a ⎠ d u ⌡ R ⎝u , a - u ⎠ d u ⌡ R ⎝u , u - a ⎠ d u
2 2 2
⎮ ⎮ ⎮

⌠ ⌠
x2 x2
1) I ＝ ⎮ ―――― d x ＝ ⎮ ―――― dx
⎮ 1 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
⌡ x +3
― 2 2
⎮ ⎛⎝9 + x 2 ⎞⎠ 2
⌡

⌠ 1
2) I ＝ ⎮ ――――d x
⎮ x 3 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
x2 - 4
⌡

integrales por fraccione parciales:

 CÍRCULO DE ESTUDIOS MATEMATICA
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TUTOR: I NG. SUCA YUNGA FROILAN CEL:+ 51 916338927
⌠
x2
1) I ＝ ⎮ ―――――――― dx
⎮
⌡ (
( x + 1)
) . (
(x + 2)
) ⋅ (
(x + 3)
)

1ro:que la función racional sea propia

G(numerador)< G(denominador)
x2 A B C
―――――――― ＝ ――― + ――― + ―――
(x + 1) . (x + 2) ⋅ (x + 3) (x + 1) . (x + 2) (x + 3)

x2 A B C
―――――――― ＝ ――― + ――― + ―――
((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) ((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ((x + 3))

x2 A. ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) + B ⋅ ((x + 1)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) + C ⋅ ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3))
―――――――― ＝ ――――――――――――――――――
((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) ((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3))

x2 A. ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) + B ⋅ ((x + 1)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) + C ⋅ ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3))
―――――――― ＝ ――――――――――――――――――
((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3)) ((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3))

⌠
x2
2) I ＝ ⎮ ―――――――― dx
⎮( 3

⌡ (x + 1) . ((x + 2) ⋅ ((x + 3)

x2 A B C D E
―――――――― ＝ ――― + ―――+ ―――+ ――― + ―――
3 (x + 1) (x + 2) 3 (x + 2) 2 (x + 2) 1 (x + 3)
((x + 1)) . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ((x + 3))

⌠
⎮ x2
3) I ＝ ―――――――――― dx
⎮ ⎛⎝3 ⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x⎞⎠ . ((x + 2)) ⋅ ⎛⎝x 2 + 3⎞⎠ 2
⌡

x2 A B C Dx + E Fx + G
―――――――――― ＝ ―+ ――― + ――+ ――― + ―――
x ⋅ ((3 ⋅ x + 2)) ((x + 2)) ⋅ ⎛⎝x + 3⎞⎠
2 2
x 3 ⋅ x + 2 x + 2 ⎛⎝x + 3⎞⎠
2 2 ⎛⎝x 2 + 3⎞⎠

⌠ x
4) I ＝ ⎮ ――――― dx
⌡ ((x + 1)) ((x + 3))
⎮

x A B
――――― ＝ ――+ ――
((x + 1)) ((x + 3)) x + 1 x + 3

A (x + 3) + B (x + 1)
＝―――――――
(x + 1) (x + 3)

Ax + 3 A + Bx + B
＝――――――
( )( )
 CÍRCULO DE ESTUDIOS MATEMATICA
DUN DUN
TUTOR: I NG. SUCA YUNGA FROILAN CEL:+ 51 916338927
(x + 1) (x + 3)

x ((A + B)) x + ((3 A + B))

――――― ＝ ―――――――
((x + 1)) ((x + 3)) ((x + 1)) ((x + 3))

x ＝ (A + B) x + (3 A + B)

COMPARCI ON DE TERMINOS SEMENJANTES:

-1 3
1＝A + B A ＝ ―― B ＝ ―
0＝3 A + B 2 2

REEMPLAZANDO:
-1 3
―― ―
x 2 2
――――― ＝ ――+ ――
((x + 1)) ((x + 3)) x + 1 x + 3
⌠ ⎛ -1 3 ⎞
⌠ ⎮ ⎜ ―― ― ⎟
x ⎮⎜ 2 2 ⎟ -1 ⌠ 1 3 ⌠ 1
⎮
I ＝ ――――― d x ＝ ――+ ―― d x ＝ ―― ⋅ ⎮ ――d x + ―⋅ ⎮ ――d x
⎮ ⎜⎝ x + 1 x + 3 ⎟⎠
⌡ ((x + 1)) ((x + 3))
⎮ ⌡ 2 ⎮ ⌡ x+1 2 ⎮⌡ x+3

-1 3
I ＝ ―― ⋅ ln ||x + 1|| + ― ⋅ ||x + 3|| + c
2 2

⌠ 2
x
5) I ＝ ⎮ ――d x
⎮
⌡ x+1

x2 x2 x2 - x2 - 1 1
――＝ x + ――- x ＝ x + ―――― ＝ x - ――
x+1 x+1 x+1 x+1
⌠ 2 ⌠⎛ ⌠ 1
x 1 ⎞ ⌠ x d x - ⎮ ――
I ＝ ⎮ ――d x ＝ ⎮ ⎜x - ―― ⎟ d x ＝ ⌡ dx
⎮
⌡ x + 1 ⎮
⌡ ⎝ x + 1 ⎠ ⎮
⌡ x + 1

x2
I ＝ ― - ln |x + 1| + c
2