NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

NATIONAL ANNEX

UK National Annex to
Eurocode 3: Design of
steel structures –
Part 1-9: Fatigue
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

ICS 91.010.30

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

© BSI 2008

ISBN 978 0 580 54971 7

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:

Committee reference B/525/10 and B/525/31
Draft for comment 07/30128138 DC

Publication history
First published May 2008

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected

Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

Contents
Introduction 1
NA.1 Scope 1
NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters 1
NA.3 References to non-contradictory complementary
information 5
Bibliography 6
List of tables
Table NA.1 – Minimum required fatigue strength 2
Table NA.2 – Recommended *Ff for safe life design 3
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.

© BSI 2008 • i
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

ii • © BSI 2008 This page deliberately left blank

 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

National Annex (informative) to

BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Eurocode 3 – Design of
steel structures – Part 1-9: Fatigue

Introduction
This National Annex has been prepared by BSI Subcommittee B/525/10,
Bridges, in consultation with B/525/31, Structural use of steel. In the
UK it is to be used in conjunction with BS EN 1993-1-9:2005.

NA.1 Scope
This National Annex gives:
a) the UK decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters
described in the following clauses and subclauses of
BS EN 1993-1-9:2005:
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

• 1.1(2)
• Clause 2(2)
• Clause 2(4)
• Clause 3(2)
• Clause 3(7)
• Clause 5(2)
• 6.1(1)
• 6.2(2)
• 7.1(3)
• 7.1(5)
• Clause 8(4)
b) references to non-contradictory complementary information.

NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters

NA.2.1 Material and execution tolerances and
information on inspection requirements for
fabrication [BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, 1.1(2)]
NA.2.1.1 Material and execution tolerances
Until such time as BS EN 1090-2 is published, the rules are applicable
to structures where execution conforms to either BS 5400-6:1999 for
bridges or BS 5950-2:2001 for buildings. Note that, where
BS 5400-6:1999 makes reference to minimum class requirements D, E
and F, Unspecified, these may be taken to refer to a minimum
requirement for the value of %σc = 91 N/mm2, 80 N/mm2, 63 N/mm2
and 56 N/mm2 respectively. For additional guidance see NA.3.

© BSI 2008 • 1
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

NA.2.1.2 Information on inspection requirements for

fabrication
For the safe life method of assessment, special inspection and testing
requirements for welds, cut edges and plain surfaces should be provided
on drawings for all applications where the minimum required fatigue
strength exceeds the relevant value of Δσc in Table NA.1.

Table NA.1 Minimum required fatigue strength

Detail type according to BS EN 1993-1-9 Fatigue strength levels, Δσc

Table Detail numbers N/mm2

8.1 1, 2, 3, 4 >125
8.2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 >90
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19 >80
8.3 8, 10 >71
3, 6 >63
8.4 4 >80
8.8 5 >80
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

NOTE Minimum required fatigue strength is the value of ¹c that would

just achieve compliance with BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 8.

For additional guidance see NA.3.

NA.2.2 Fatigue loading models

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 2(2)]

NA.2.2.1 Sources of fatigue loading

All sources of fluctuating stress in the structure should be identified and
should be obtained from the relevant parts of BS EN 1991. For fatigue
loading not covered in BS EN 1991 the following should receive
particular attention:
a) superimposed moving loads, including vibrations from machinery
in stationary structures;
b) environmental loads such as wind, waves, etc.;
c) acceleration forces in moving structures;
d) temperature changes.
Where no published data for live loading exist, the partial safety factors
for fatigue load intensity for safe life design should take into account
the degree of confidence in the prediction of the design load spectrum
from the available data. Recommended values of γFf are given in
Table NA.2.

2 • © BSI 2008
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

Table NA.2 Recommended γFf for safe life design

Number of standard Value of γFf

deviations on load
intensity 0 standard deviations A) +2 standard deviations A)

0 1,5 1,4
+1 1,3 1,2
+2 1,1 1,0
A) Number of standard deviations on number of cycles.

Reference to guidance on determination of specific fatigue loading

models is given in NA.3.

NA.2.3 Determination of fatigue strength from tests

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 2(4)]
Reference to guidance on determination of specific fatigue strength data
from tests is given in NA.3.

NA.2.4 Provisions for in-service inspection programmes

Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 3(2)]

In the event that the damage tolerant assessment method is to be used,
the following provisions apply.
a) The designer should be satisfied that the Maintaining Authority for
the structure is aware of the practical requirements and the likely
costs of provision of access, the inspection itself, possible repair
and temporary loss of service, prior to approval being given.
b) Any potential fatigue crack initiation sites should be on or close to
a surface which will be readily accessible in service.
c) The method or methods of inspection should be specified for each
potential fatigue initiation site. Inspection for fatigue cracking
requires more sophisticated techniques than are used for normal
principal inspections.
d) The minimum size of detectable fatigue crack should be specified
for each initiation site, taking into account the capability of the
methods in c).
e) The maximum tolerable size of fatigue crack (using fracture
mechanics) for fracture under ULS loading should be calculated.
f) The time taken for the fatigue crack to grow from the minimum
detectable size in d) to the fracture tolerable size in e) should be
calculated by fracture mechanics using upper bound crack growth
data and the upper bound fatigue loading.
g) The maximum interval between inspections should be not more
than half the time calculated in f). This may be less than the
interval between principal inspections.
h) Guidance should be given on any requirements for taking the
structure out of service or increasing the inspection frequency in
the event that cracks are detected.

© BSI 2008 • 3
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

i) Viable schemes should be drawn up for repair, strengthening or

replacement of the member where fatigue cracks have been
detected.
j) A maintenance manual should be provided to the maintaining
authority at the time of commissioning of the structure, giving
details of the items in c), g), h) and i).

NA.2.5 Assessment method, definition of class of

consequence and partial factor for fatigue
strength [BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 3(7)]

NA.2.5.1 Assessment method

Steel structures subject to fatigue loading should be assessed using the
safe life method, unless otherwise agreed with the Maintaining
Authority.

NA.2.5.2 Classes of consequences

Unless otherwise specified in the project specification, all steel
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

structures subjected to fatigue should be consequence class CC2

according to BS EN 1990:2002, Annex B. If consequence class CC1
or CC3 is specified, the appropriate KF1 factors should also be applied.
The values in BS EN 1990:2002, Annex B are recommended.

NA.2.5.3 Partial factor for fatigue strength

For steel structures assessed for safe life using the detail categories
given in BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Tables 8.1 to 8.10, and the fatigue
loading in BS EN 1991-2, a value of γMf = 1.1 should be used
irrespective of consequence class in BS EN 1990:2002. For additional
guidance see NA.3.

NA.2.6 Stress limitations for Class 4 sections

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 5(2)]
The effects of excessive repeated non-linear out of plane deflection in
flat panels might be neglected if the slenderness of plates meets
criterion (2) of BS EN 1993-2:2006, 7.4.

NA.2.7 Use of nominal, modified nominal and

geometric stress ranges
[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 6.1(1)]
Reference to guidance on determination of stress ranges is given
in NA.3.

4 • © BSI 2008
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

NA.2.8 Design value of nominal stress range

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 6.2(2)]
Where no λi values are given it is not possible to calculate the value
of ΔσE,2. In such cases the verification format should be based
on damage accumulation equation A.1, given in
BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, A.5(1), and damage accumulation expression
A.2, given in BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, A.6(1), using the most
comprehensive load model available. For additional guidance see NA.3.

NA.2.9 Verification of fatigue strength category

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 7.1(3)]
Verification of a fatigue strength category for a particular application
by testing is permitted provided that it is evaluated in accordance with
BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, 7.1(3), Note 1. For additional guidance
see NA.3.

NA.2.10 Fatigue strength categories for details not

covered by Tables 8.1 to 8.10 or Annex B
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 7.1(5)]

Fatigue strength categories for details not covered by BS EN 1993-1-9
should be given for individual projects.

NA.2.11 Use of Annex A

[BS EN 1993-1-9:2005, Clause 8(4)]

NA.2.11.1 Loading events

Reference to guidance on determining fatigue loading models is given
in NA.3.

NA.2.11.2 Cycle counting

Reference to guidance on the procedure for cycle counting by the
reservoir method is given in NA.3.

NA.3 References to non-contradictory

complementary information
Complementary guidance on fatigue is given in PD 6695-1-9.

© BSI 2008 • 5
 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

Bibliography
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
BS 5400-6:1999, Steel, concrete and composite bridges – Part 6:
Specification for materials and workmanship, steel
BS 5950-2:2001, Structural use of steelwork in building – Part 2:
Specification for materials, fabrication and erection – Rolled and
welded sections
PD 6695-1-9, Recommendations for the design of structures
to BS EN 1993-1-9
BS EN 1990:2002, Eurocode – Basis of structural design
BS EN 1991, Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures
BS EN 1993-2:2006, Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures –
Part 2: Steel bridges
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

6 • © BSI 2008
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

This page deliberately left blank

 NA to BS EN 1993-1-9:2005

BSI – British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards.
It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level.
It is incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions
British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards
should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.
It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this
British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible,
the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.
BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that
subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.

Buying standards
Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
Licensed copy:Hyder Consulting, 23/02/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001.

Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: orders@bsi-global.com. Standards are also
available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com.
In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI
implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless
otherwise requested.

Information on standards
BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international
standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various
BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its
products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111.
Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: info@bsi-global.com.
Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and
receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these
and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002.
Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: membership@bsi-global.com.
Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards
Online can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline.
Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at
http://www.bsi-global.com.

Copyright
Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of
the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted
under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI.
This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of
necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.
389 Chiswick High Road Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager.
London Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553.
W4 4AL Email: copyright@bsi-global.com.