h

es
HCF and LCM

ak
R
Factors and multiples

h
If a number “x” divides another number “y” exactly,
we say that “x” is a factor of “b” and

es
“b” a multiple of “a”.

ak
Ex: 2 divides 8, here 2 is a factor and 8 is the multiple.
R
 h
es
Two methods to find HCF

HCF Factorisation (prime factorisation)

HCF of two or more numbers is Division method

ak
the greatest number that
divides each of them exactly.
R
Factorisation method

h
1) Express each one of the numbers as the product
of prime factors.

es
2) The product of the least powers of common prime
factors gives HCF.

ak
R
HCF

h
Example: GCD of 150, 210, 375.

es
Prime factorisation method

150 = 5X5X3X2

210 = 5X2X7X3

375 = 5X5X5X3
ak
Prime factors common to all the given
R
numbers are 5 and 3, therefore the
HCF is 5X3=15
Division method

h
1) Divide the larger number by the smaller number
and obtain the remainder.

es
2) Divide the divisor by the remainder obtained in
step 1.
3) Repeat the process of dividing the preceding
ak
divisor by the remainder last obtained till you get 0
as remainder.
R
4) The last divisor is the required HCF.
HCF

h
Example: GCD of 18 and 30

es
Division method

ak
R
HCF

h
Example: GCD of 75 and 180

es
Division method

ak
R
 Finding the HCF of more than two
numbers: Suppose we have to find the
HCF HCF of three numbers, then, HCF of
[(HCF of any two) and (the third

h
number)] gives the HCF of three given
Example: GCD of 216, 468 and 828 number. Similarly, the HCF of more

es
than three numbers may be obtained.
Division method

ak
R
 h
es
Two methods to find LCM

LCM Factorisation (prime factorisation)

The least number which is Division method

ak
exactly divisible by each one of
the given numbers is called
their LCM
R
Factorisation method

h
1) Express each one of the numbers as the product
of prime factors.

es
2) The product of terms containing highest powers
of all the factors gives the LCM of the given
numbers.
ak
R
LCM

h
Example: LCM of 150, 210 and 375

es
Prime factorisation method

150 = 5X5X3X2

210 = 5X2X7X3

375 = 5X5X5X3
ak
Write down all the prime factors that appear at least once in any of the
R
numbers : 5,3,2,7

Raise each of the prime factors to their highest available power(considering

each of the numbers). LCM = 2X3X7X5X5X5 = 5250.
LCM

h
Example: LCM of 27, 81 and 729

es
Prime factorisation method

27 = 3X3X3

81 = 3X3X3X3

729 = 3X3X3X3X3X3
ak
Write down all the prime factors that appear at least once in any of the
R
numbers : 3

Raise each of the prime factors to their highest available power(considering

each of the numbers). LCM = 3X3X3X3X3X3 = 729
Division method

h
1) Arrange the numbers in a row.
2) Divide by a number that divides exactly at least

es
two of the given numbers and carry forward the
numbers which are not divisible.
3) Repeat the above process till no two numbers are
ak
divisible by the same number except 1.
4) The product of the divisors and the undivided
R
numbers is the required LCM of the given numbers.
LCM

h
Example: LCM 60, 84 and 108

es
Division method LCM = 2X2X3X3X3X5X7 =3780

ak
R
LCM

h
Example: LCM 12 and 18

es
Division method

ak
R
Product of two numbers = Product of their HCF and LCM

h
Example: 12 and 18

es
LCM = 36

HCF = 6

12X18 = 36X6
ak
R
Two numbers are said to be co-prime if their HCF is 1

h
Example: 12 and 17

es
HCF = 1

ak
R
HCF and LCM of fractions

h
es
ak
R
 h
es
Questions
ak
R
Insert text here…

h
es
ak
R