(FREE) Primary Science Answering Techniques

ScienceShifu.
com
Email to: AndyLing@ScienceShifu.com
Hi there,
Glad you downloaded this free Ebook.
After reading this Ebook, you are one step closer to conquering the
explanation questions in science exams.
How to use this guidebook:
1) There are 13 MUST KNOW concepts.
2) Remember the underlined key words in each concept.
3) Apply the key words in your open-ended questions.
4) For explaining and describing science concepts, I have provided the
answering techniques to write your answers clearly. Use them in the
exams.
To the kids:
I understand your parents might have forced you to read through this
so I have kept this short for your easy reading.
Whenever you use this Ebook, do the following:
- Remember the answering technique behind each concept.
- There are questions in this guidebook (Try them out!)
- Analyse the mistakes made by past students
- Understand the scientific thinking process behind each question.
Take this book as a supplementary reading material before entering
the exam.
Note:
Do not use this Ebook with a “must fit all the words into the question”
approach.
The phrase/sentences MUST answer the question (See the questions
for more details)
Happy reading!
ScienceShifu.com
Table of contents
Must Know Heat and Temperature Concepts ...................................... - 1 -

Must Know Evaporation and Condensation Concepts ....................... - 10 -
Must Know Three states of matter Concepts..................................... - 16 -
Must Know Reproduction in plants Concepts .................................... - 21 -
Must Know Light and Shadows Concepts .......................................... - 26 -
Must Know Digestive System Concepts ............................................. - 27 -
Must Know Circulatory System Concepts .......................................... - 29 -
Must Know Food Chains and Food Web Concepts ............................. - 34 -
Must Know Electricity Concepts ......................................................... - 35 -
Must Know Brightness of Bulbs Concepts .......................................... - 44 -
Must Know Electromagnetic Concepts .............................................. - 47 -
Must Know Forces Concepts .............................................................. - 51 -
Must Know Energy Concepts ............................................................. - 52 -
About the Author ............................................................................... - 53 -
How does your child master the science concepts at ScienceShifu?.. - 56 -
Join the ScienceShifu Channel on Telegram for more learning tips ... - 59 -
Success Story 1................................................................................... - 60 -
Success story 2 ................................................................................... - 62 -
To All Concern Parents ....................................................................... - 64 -
You Might Be Interested In These Online Courses ............................. - 65 -
ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Heat and Temperature Concepts
Explain the heat flow process
1) Object 1 gains/loses heat from / to object 2
Example: The iron rod gains heat from the candle flame.
OR
The glass rod loses heat to the surrounding air.
Explain why an object is hotter than the other object (with

changes in temperature shown)
2) Object 1 has higher temperature than object 2.
Example: Water has a higher temperature than air.

Result: Water is hotter than air.
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Explain why an object is not hot after applying heat.
3) Poor conductor of heat gains/loses heat slowly
Example: Glass is a poor conductor of heat and takes in heat

slowly.
Effect: Temperature of glass rises slowly
Explain why an object turns hot quickly after applying heat
4) Good conductor of heat gains/loses heat quickly
Example: As steel cup is a good conductor of heat and takes in

heat from the flame quickly.
Result: The temperature of steel cup rises quickly.
Object expands and contracts
5) The object gains heat and expands on a hot day.

Note: It is recommended to use the complete phrase as
underlined.
6) The object loses heat and contracts on a cold day.

Note: It is recommended to use the complete phrase as
underlined.
Note: Object can be in solid, liquid or gaseous state!
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 1
Glass plate
Steel plate
Both plates are placed in the refrigerator for a few hours. Mary then
take them out and touch the two plates.
Explain why her hand feels colder when she touched the steel plate
compared to touching the glass plate.
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Question 1 – Continue from previous page
How a student analyse:

The tutor tells him to use good and poor conductor of heat concepts
whenever he sees questions showing two or more different materials.
The student’s answer:

Steel is a better conductor of heat than glass. Hence Mary’s hand feels
colder when she touches the glass plate.
The above answer will not give the student full marks…
Main takeaway from the wrong answer:

- The student has “vomit” template answer without applying to the
question.
- The student fails to read the clues in the question.
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ScienceShifu.com
ScienceShifu thinking process explained

1) The question is showing different materials.
This means question wants you to use the science concepts:
Good and poor conductor of heat.
2) Question mentions Mary hands feel colder when she touches

the steel plate.
Question wants you to use concepts relating to heat flow
3) Question asks you to explain.

You need to explain heat flows from Mary’s hand to the steel
plate is faster compared to the glass plate.
ScienceShifu Answer:
Steel is a better conductor of heat than glass.
Mary’s hand loses heat to the steel plate faster than the glass plate.
Mary’s hand feels colder when she touches the steel plate.
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 2
Mary wanted to heat up liquid X. She placed the bottle in a container
containing hot water as shown in the diagram below.
After ten minutes, she noticed liquid X was rising up the glass tube and
eventually flows out of the glass tube.
Explain why liquid X flowed out of the glass tube?
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ScienceShifu.com
How a student analyse:

The tutor tells him to use the concept of objects gain heat and expand
whenever he sees the question showing temperature and liquid flows
out.
For the weaker students, they leave this question blank as they don’t
know where to begin.

The liquid X gains heat from the hot water and expands. The liquid X
rises up the glass tube.
The above answer will not give him full marks…
- The student misses out the important labelling in the diagram.
- The student fails to analyse ALL the factors affecting the expansion
of liquid X.
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ScienceShifu.com

Whenever you see diagram with labels, ScienceShifu encourages his
students to be like a detective. A good detective spots ALL the clues in
the diagram. A good detective analyses ALL the clues so as identify the
concept and write out the correct answering technique.
1) Question mentions liquid X heats up.

This means liquid X gains heat from the hot water and expands.
Take note how ScienceShifu annotates the diagram above (Red ink)
2) There is another factor causing liquid X to rise up.

The air space gains heat from the hot water and expands. Air
occupies more space.
The air space pushes the liquid X and causes liquid X to rise up the
glass tube and eventually flows out of the glass tube.
Take note how ScienceShifu annotates in the diagram above
(Orange arrow)
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ScienceShifu.com
Liquid X gains heat from the hot water and expands.
The air space gains heat from the hot water and expands.
The air space occupies more space inside the bottle and pushes liquid
X.
As liquid X cannot be compressed, liquid X rises up the glass tube and
eventually flows out of the glass tube.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Evaporation and Condensation Concepts
Factors affecting rate of evaporation
7) Exposed surface area to surrounding air.
Take note: Water cannot evaporate when there is no exposed

surface area.
8) Higher temperature of the liquid will increase rate of

evaporation.
9) Presence of wind.
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ScienceShifu.com
Describing the process of evaporation of water
10) Gains heat from the heat source and evaporates into water
vapour
Example: Water gains heat from the flame and evaporates into
water vapour.
Describing the process of condensation of water vapour.
11) Warmer water vapour comes into contact with the cooler
surface, loses heat and condenses to form water droplets.
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 3
Beaker A is made of steel and Beaker B is made of glass. Both beakers

are filled with equal amount of water. The beakers are then placed in
the open field with direct sunlight.
After 20 minutes, David measures the amount of water. The amount

of water in Beaker A decreases to 280ml and the amount of water in
Beaker B decreases to 290ml.
300ml of
Water
Beaker A Beaker B
Explain David’s results.
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 3 – continue from previous page
How the student analyse:

The tutor tells him to use the good and poor conductor of heat concepts
whenever he sees the question with different materials.

Steel is a better conductor of heat than glass. More water will evaporate
in beaker A than in beaker B.

- The student simply “vomit” template answers.
- The student fails to realise there are two science concepts involved
in this question.
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ScienceShifu.com

1) Question is showing different materials.
This means question wants you to use the science concepts:
Good and poor conductor of heat.
2) Question mentions the final volume of water decreased.

This means you have to use the science concept:
water gains heat from the heat source and evaporates.
3) Question ask you to explain why the final amount of water is lesser in
beaker A than in beaker B. You need to write out the comparative words.
Combining the two concepts: Water gains heat faster in beaker A

than in beaker B.
Temperature of water in beaker A rises faster than in beaker B.
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Beaker A is made of steel which is a better conductor of heat than
glass. The water in beaker A gains heat from steel faster than at B.
Result:
Temperature of water in beaker A rises faster than the water in beaker
B. Rate of evaporation is faster in beaker A than in beaker B.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Three states of matter Concepts
12) The object has fixed shape and fixed volume.
Example: Glass has a fixed shape and volume

Recommended not to write: “Definite” to prevent spelling error.
13) The object has no fixed shape but it has a fixed volume.
Example: Water has no fixed shape and but has a fixed volume
14) The object has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.
Example: Air has no fixed shape and volume.
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Explain process relating to occupying space
15) Substance A flows into the container to occupy the space

when substance B flows out/escapes.
Example: Air flows into the container to occupy the space when
water flows out/escapes from the container.
Describing balloons taking in/removing air
16) The balloon is inflated.

Meaning: the balloon is filled with air.
17) The balloon is deflated.

Meaning: the balloon has lost all its air.
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 4
Study the sealed container as shown below. The sealed container has
a total volume of 1000cm3.
500cm3 of rocks is added and 100cm3 of air is pumped into the
container.
Sealed
container
Air pump
200cm3 of
water in
sealed
container
What is the final volume of air inside the sealed container? Explain
your answer.
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ScienceShifu.com

The tutor taught the student so long as he sees question relating to air,
he should use the science knowledge of:
Air has no fixed shape.

100cm3.
Air has no fixed shape.
The above answer will not give you full marks…

- The student applies incorrect science knowledge. The student needs
to use the science knowledge of air has no fixed volume.
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ScienceShifu.com

1) You have to subtract the correct volume.
Liquids and solids have fixed volume.
Since total volume of the container is 1000cm3, you need to subtract
away the volume of the rock and water.
1000 - 500 (rocks) - 200 (water) = 300cm3.
2) The diagram in the question shows cm3.

This means you have to use the science knowledge of air has no fixed
volume.
300cm3.
Air has no fixed volume and occupies the remaining space inside the
container.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Reproduction in plants Concepts
Animal pollination
18) Pollen grains land on the sticky stigma. Pollination occurs.
Fertilisation of flower
19) Removed stigma, style, ovary, ovule (remove any one of
them) and fertilisation will not take place.
Explain the importance of dispersion
20) To prevent overcrowding and competition for resources

such as sunlight, minerals and water.
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Question 5
Study flower Z below.
Sticky
stigma
Large petals
Flower Z
David noticed that the petals are brightly coloured. Explain clearly how
this characteristic helps the plant to develop into a fruit?
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ScienceShifu.com

The tutor tells the student so long as he sees question relating to
brightly coloured flower, he should use the concept of animal
pollination.

The flower is animal pollinated. The flower will develop into a fruit and
the seeds are dispersed.

- There are gaps in the thinking process. The student did not explain
why brightly coloured flower will help the plant reproduce?
- Keywords such as “pollination” and “fertilisation” are missing.
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ScienceShifu.com

Whenever you see diagrams, Scienceshifu wants you to be a detective. A
GOOD detective analyses the correct clues.
This question shows a flower. The development of fruit involves the

science concepts of pollination and fertilisation only.
No need to explain germination or dispersion concepts.
1) Question mentions why brightly coloured petals help in pollination.
The brightly coloured petals attract pollinators to the flower.
Some pollen grains caught by the pollinators will land on the sticky
stigma of the flower. Pollination occurs.
2) What will eventually happen?

Male reproductive cell and female reproductive cell fuses in the
ovule of the flower and fertilisation has taken place. Flower
develops into a fruit.
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ScienceShifu.com
The brightly coloured petals attract pollinators to the flower.
Some pollen grains caught by the pollinators land on the sticky stigma
of the flower. Pollination occurs.
Male reproductive cell and female reproductive cell fuses in the ovule
of the flower and fertilisation has taken place. Flower develops into a
fruit.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Light and Shadows Concepts
Explaining how shadows are formed
21) Shadows are formed when light rays are blocked by

opaque objects.
OR
Light rays cannot pass through the opaque object.
Explain how we see objects.
22) Light is reflected from the object into our eyes.
Example: We see a water bottle because light is reflected from

the water bottle into our eyes.
Take note: The question specifically asks, “why we can see

objects”. This answer of “light travels into our eyes” is needed.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Digestive System Concepts
Describe the digestion process
23) The saliva breaks down food into simpler substances.
24) The teeth cuts/chews the food into smaller pieces.

Take Note: You have to know the difference between smaller
pieces and simpler substances.
Glucose and digested food are simple substances.
Starch and undigested food are complex substances.
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Explain how churning food speeds up digestion.
25) Stomach walls churn the food, so the food is further

broken down into smaller pieces and mixed with the digestive
juices. The food has larger exposed surface area for digestive
juices to breaks down the food into simpler substances faster.
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Must Know Circulatory System Concepts
Describe how are substances transported.
26) Blood transports oxygen, digested food and water to the

body cells.
27) Blood transports waste substances and carbon dioxide to

the organs for removal from the body.
Take note: Blood does not remove substances.

Take note: blood is found inside the blood vessels
Describe what happens to food substances after reaching the

body cells
28) Body cells take in digested food and oxygen during

respiration to release energy for life processes.
- 29 -
ScienceShifu.com
Question 6
Study the two diagrams of the blood flow in humans below.
Compare the amount of carbon dioxide in blood vessels R and S.

Explain your answer.
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ScienceShifu.com

The tutor tells the student whenever he sees question relating to blood
flow, he should apply circulatory system concepts.
The weaker student does not know what concept to apply as the
student sees small intestine and blood flow.
Is it circulatory system concepts or digestive system concepts?

Carbon dioxide in blood vessel R is higher than the carbon dioxide
vessel in S.
The above answer is wrong…
Moreover, the student did not explain his answer.

- The student has an erroneous assumption of whenever blood flows
in to an organ, the carbon dioxide level is higher than the blood
flowing out of the organ. This is only true when blood flows into the
lungs!
- The student does not know how science knowledge is applied in the
exam question.
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ScienceShifu.com

In the online lessons, scienceShifu will give examples to clear your
misunderstanding of science concepts.
ScienceShifu will let you discover how different concepts are applied into
one question. You will spot the patterns after going through the online
lessons.
1) The diagram does not show a lung.

Like all other organs in the body except the lungs, the carbon
dioxide level is lower when blood flows into an organ and the
carbon dioxide level is higher when blood flows out of that organ.
2) Explain why do we see the changes in carbon dioxide at point 1

above?
You need to draw on the concept of respiration. All living things
require oxygen and give out carbon dioxide during respiration to
release energy.
For this question, the cells in the small intestine undergo

respiration so that the small intestine can have the energy to
digest food.
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ScienceShifu.com

ScienceShifu answer:
Carbon dioxide level in R is lower than in S. Cells in the small intestine

take in oxygen from the blood for respiration to release energy so that
the small intestine can digest food.
Carbon dioxide is released into the blood during the respiration
process.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Food Chains and Food Web Concepts
Understanding population
29) Different/types of population of species
Example: There are three different population of insects living
in the garden community.
Note: This means 3 different species of insects.
30) Total Population size
Example: Total population size of butterflies in a garden

community is 25.
Note: This means there are 25 organisms of butterflies in a

garden community.
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Must Know Electricity Concepts
Explain why other bulbs will not light up when a bulb is fused
in a series circuit
31) In series circuit, there is one path for electricity to flow.
Example: The bulbs are arranged in a series circuit. When one

bulb is fused, it becomes an open circuit and no electricity can
flow.
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Explain why other bulbs will light up when a bulb is fused.
32) In parallel circuit, there are a few/more than one paths for
electricity to flow in a circuit.
Example: When one bulb is fused in a parallel circuit, the other

bulbs remain lit. The circuit is closed as there are other paths for
electricity to flow across the other bulbs
Connection of bulbs to the wires.
33) One end of the wire is connected to the metal casing and the
other end of the wire is connected to the metal tip. The bulb will
light up.
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Question 7
Study the circuit diagram below carefully. Three different materials J,

K and L, were placed at positions 1, 2 and 3 as shown below. All the
bulbs were working properly.
When the circuit was closed, it was observed that only Bulb B3 did not
light up. Explain why Bulb B3 did not light up?
- 37 -
ScienceShifu.com
Question 7 – Continued from previous page

The tutor him whenever he sees bulbs that did not light up, it means no
electricity flows through the light bulb.
But many students have incomplete understanding of the electricity

concepts.

The circuit is an open circuit. Hence no electricity can flow through.
The student is simply describing what has happened.

There is no explanation WHY the circuit is open.

- The student does not understand how electricity flows!
- The student fails to see the different materials.
- 38 -
ScienceShifu.com

A good detective would have spotted the clues in the question.
There are different materials used in the electrical circuit.
This could only lead to one science concept: materials that are electrical
insulators or electrical conductors.
1) Bulb B3 did not light up.
This means no electricity flows across Bulb B3.
2) Why electricity cannot flow across B3?

The material L is an electrical insulator. No electricity can flow
across the bulb B3 and the material L and the bulb did not light up.
(Take note how ScienceShifu annotates the flow of electricity in
the question by drawing the orange coloured arrows. The red
crosses show electricity does not flow that path.)
- 39 -
ScienceShifu.com

ScienceShifu answer:
The material L is an electrical insulator. No electricity can flow across
the bulb B3 and the material L and the bulb did not light up.
Note: You need to have a strong understanding of how electricity flows.

In the online lesson, Scienceshifu will show you the easy-to-apply
techniques on electricity flows.
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 8
Switch
Bulb A
Battery
Bulb B
The bulbs, switch, wires and battery are working properly.

Will any bulb(s) light up when the switch is closed?
- 41 -
ScienceShifu.com

The tutor tells the student whenever he sees bulbs that did not light up,
it means no electricity flows through the light bulb.
But is it really true in this question?

Bulb A.

- The student has poor understanding of electricity concepts.
- The student does not know how electricity concepts are applied to
the exam question.
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ScienceShifu.com

A good detective would have spotted the clues in the question.
Look at how the bulbs are connected.
1) Bulb A is connected at the metal casing only.
Metal casing is a good conductor of electricity. Electricity will flow

across the metal casing of bulb A.
However, to light up the bulb, the metal casing AND the metal tip
must be connected.
Only Bulb B is connected properly.
Only Bulb B will light up.
- 43 -
ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Brightness of Bulbs Concepts
34) Bulb added in series.

Example: As more bulbs are added in series, all the bulbs are
dimmer because the same electrical energy is shared among
more bulbs now.
OR
As more bulbs are added in series, all the bulbs are dimmer
because the electrical current flowing across each bulb in series
is slower.
35) Bulbs added in parallel.

Example: As more bulbs are added in parallel, electrical current
flowing across each bulb is the same. There is no change in
brightness.
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ScienceShifu.com
Note: You must understand the brightness of the bulb when you
add “batteries in series or parallel”. The arrangement of batteries
affects the brightness of the bulb!
36) Batteries added in series.

Example: As more batteries are added in series, more electrical
current flows across each bulb. The bulbs shine brighter.
37) Batteries added in parallel.

Example: As more batteries are added in parallel, electrical
current flowing across each bulb is the same. There is no change
in brightness of the bulbs.
Explain why one bulb is brighter than the other.
When batteries are added in series
38) There are more batteries supplying electricity to Bulb A

than Bulb B. Hence bulb A is brighter as there is more electricity
/ electric current flowing through Bulb A.
OR
There is more electricity / electric current flowing through Bulb

A than Bulb B. Hence Bulb A shines brighter than Bulb B.
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ScienceShifu.com
Explain why one bulb is dimmer than the other.
39) There is less electricity / electric current flowing through Bulb

B than Bulb A. Hence Bulb B shines dimmer than Bulb A.
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ScienceShifu.com
Iron core
Must Know Electromagnetic Concepts
Describe how the iron core becomes an electromagnet.
40) In a closed circuit, electricity flows through the coils of

wire around the iron core, the iron core is magnetised and
becomes an electromagnet.
Note: the core must be a magnetic material.

Magnetic material: Cobalt, Iron, Nickel or steel.
Describe the process of electromagnet losing its magnetism

41) In an open circuit, no electricity / electric current flows
through the coils of wire around the iron core, the
electromagnet loses its magnetism and no longer attracts the
magnetic material.
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ScienceShifu.com
Question 9
Closed switch
Iron rod
Steel nails
The steel nails are attracted to the iron rod when Tom closes the
switch.
When Tom changed the iron rod to a glass rod, will the steel nails
move towards the glass rod? Explain your answer.
- 48 -
ScienceShifu.com

The tutor tells the student whenever he sees two different materials
and the coils of wire around the material, he should use
electromagnetism concepts.
Still, many students “vomit” out the answers as told by their teachers.

The iron rod is magnetised and becomes an electromagnet. The
electromagnet attracts the steel nails.
The above answer does not give him full marks…
The student does not answer the question of “explaining why steel nails
will move or not move to the glass rod”.

- The student needs to know glass rod is not a magnetic material.
Hence it cannot become an electromagnet.
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ScienceShifu.com

ScienceShifu wants you to remember this pointer:
If you see coils of wire surrounding a rod, the question wants you to apply
electromagnetic concepts.
1) Question mentions change from an iron rod to a glass rod.

Iron rod is a magnetic material. This means iron rod can be
magnetised easily to form an electromagnet. The electromagnet
will then attract the steel nails.
Since glass rod is a non-magnetic material, glass rod cannot be
magnetised to form an electromagnet.
End result: the glass rod cannot attract the steel nails.
Steel nails will not move towards the glass rod. Since the glass rod is a
non-magnetic material, glass rod cannot be magnetised and there is no
electromagnet.
The glass rod cannot attract the steel nails.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Forces Concepts
42) The compressed spring exerts an elastic spring force on

the object.
Do not write: the object has elastic spring force.

Take note: When the spring is at its original length, there is no
elastic spring force.
43) The magnet exerts a magnetic force of attraction on the

magnetic material.
Don’t write: the magnet will pull the magnetic material.
44) There is frictional force between the object and another

object.
Example: There is frictional force between the wooden block

and the sandpaper. Hence the wooden block slows down and
stops moving down the slope eventually.
Note: Since frictional force is a contact force. It is good to

mention the two objects/surfaces involved.
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ScienceShifu.com
Must Know Energy Concepts
Explain conversion of energy.
45) Type of energy from Object is converted to type of energy.
Example: chemical potential energy from the battery is

converted to electrical energy.
46) Useful energy
Example
State the useful energy conversion of the computer when Tom is
watching a video.
Electrical energy of the computer is converted to light and

sound energy.
Don’t write: Heat energy. This is not a useful form of energy.

Read the situation carefully and apply the correct concepts.
- 52 -
ScienceShifu.com
About the Author
Hi there,
My name is Andy Ling and I’ve been teaching science over the past
8 years (from upper primary to lower secondary and ‘O’ levels).
My online Zoom lessons are conducted at Grade Solution Learning

Centre.
I started Scienceshifu.com where our teachers offer free and premium

pre-recorded courses on mastering science concepts and answering
techniques.
Every year, we have over 500 science students in the pre-recorded

courses and online zoom classes.
When students don’t give me too much stress, my passion is to share

science concepts and its applications to real-life.
Talk to you soon!

Andy Ling
Scienceshifu.com
Guiding your child to be the master of science concepts
Check out our testimonials on the ScienceShifu Facebook page.
- 53 -
ScienceShifu.com
Interested in our pre-recorded online courses at Science Shifu?
If you are looking for something that fits your budget, or prefer your
child learn at his or her own pace, you can join our pre-recorded online
science courses.
You can see the available courses here >>>

https://scienceshifu.com/all-courses/
The online courses from ScienceShifu consist of many pre-recorded

lesson videos for your child to master the answering techniques and
science concepts.
This is a one-to-one coaching to your child. There is no background

noise of other students.
Your child can pause the video to try out the examples or replay the
lesson videos.
There are many OEQs and MCQs provided for your child to practise.
We also provide 24/7 Homework Helper Service for your child to clarify
his or her doubts in the science questions.
Got a Question?
Contact us via email: AndyLing@ScienceShifu.com
- 54 -
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Does Your Child Prefer Live Lessons?
The All-In-One ‘Eureka!’ Program at Grade Solution Learning Centre
At Grade Solution Learning Centre, we are a team of dedicated

educators whose mission is to guide your child to academic success.
Here are the services we provide:
- Live Zoom lessons conducted by our passionate teachers
- EdaptIQ™, a smart learning platform that tracks your child’s
progress, strengths and weaknesses through personalised digital
worksheets.
- 24/7 Homework Helper Service
We provide all these services above at a very affordable monthly fee to

allow as many students as possible to access such learning
opportunities. We specialise in English, Math, and Science subjects.
You can see our fees and schedules here >>>
https://gradesolution.com.sg/schedule/
ScienceShifu provides pre-recorded science courses. Grade Solution

Learning Centre provides live classes for your child.
The teaching materials are almost the same. I am personally teaching

some of the weekly classes at Grade Solution Learning Centre.
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How does your child master the science concepts at ScienceShifu?
We use the ScienceShifu method to guide your child.

Each lesson has the following:
1) Recall the science knowledge
Some knowledge requires memory work such as the types of magnetic

materials.
Your child needs simple acronyms to recall science knowledge.
The online lessons will provide your child with the tools to speed up
their ability to recall the keywords and science knowledge.
Very soon, this will be FREE marks for your child.
However, recalling science knowledge is not never enough to do well in
exams.
Your child has misunderstandings of certain concepts and that brings me
to the next part of the training.
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ScienceShifu.com
2) Realign the science knowledge
A common misconception is the students are confused between melting

and melting point.
Melting is a process where a substance gains heat to change from solid
to liquid state.
Melting point is the temperature where the substance melts.
There are many such misconceptions out there.
A strong understanding of concepts will help your child score well in the
MCQs and open-ended questions
In each lesson, your child will discover such mistakes to achieve the
correct understanding of science concepts.
After that, it is time to apply the concepts to the exam questions.
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ScienceShifu.com
3) Review of science concepts

The online videos will teach your child how to apply science concepts
into the exam questions.
Watch, learn and practise the answering techniques taught in the
videos. Apply the answering techniques to the questions provided.
4) Reapply science concepts
This is the trend now.

To answer one question, you child is required to apply two or more
science concepts together. Each concept has a particular answering
technique.
The 9 questions in this Ebook gives a simplistic overview of how
different science concepts are applied in the science exam.
There are many more applications your child must know.

In the online course, your child will be trained on ALL the answering
techniques to explain their answers clearly using the correct keywords.
- 58 -
ScienceShifu.com
Join the ScienceShifu Channel on Telegram for more learning tips
Join the ScienceShifu Channel to get the latest learning tips from
ScienceShifu.
Plus, we are posting challenging questions for your child to apply the
concepts taught.
Click below to join the ScienceShifu Channel

>>> https://t.me/scienceshifu
- 59 -
ScienceShifu.com
Read some of the success stories!

Success Story 1
This student has poor understanding of science knowledge.
This student has difficulty understanding the science concept in class.

She cannot grasp what the teacher was trying to explain to her.
Needless to say, she has difficulty applying the science knowledge to the
exam questions.
Worst, her teacher told her to memorise the template answers.

Learning becomes very painful for her.
The mother enrolled her child to the online course.

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ScienceShifu.com
Success story 1 - Continue from previous page
Every week, the girl diligently listens to the scientific concepts in the
online course.
In the online videos, ScienceShifu shows some of the common

misconceptions other students made.
She realised she had the exact misconceptions as other students.
Sometimes, she had a good laugh at the silly answers made by past
students.
She is a disciplined and hardworking student.

She puts to practise the techniques taught in the online videos to the
worksheets at the end of each lesson.
She diligently completes all the worksheets from each lesson.
Whenever she has doubts, she will take a picture of that question and
WhatsApp ScienceShifu.
The student diligently applies the techniques learnt in her school practice
papers.
Needless to say, her grades jumped from fail to A!
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ScienceShifu.com
Success story 2
This student has good understanding of science knowledge but has

difficulty writing his answers clearly.
He could not fathom why his answers are wrong.

He can identify the correct science concept in each question.
Still, his open-ended answers are poorly done. He always fails them.
He cannot understand why.
When he enrolled to the online course, he soon found out two things:
- There are missing links in his answer.
In other words, there are gaps in his explanation process. He did not
use the correct keywords in the open-ended answer and his sentence
structures are poorly arranged.
- He is careless.
He frequently misses the clues from the question or misreads them
altogether. Clues from the question will determine what are the
keywords needed in his open-ended answers.
- 62 -
ScienceShifu.com
Success story 2 - Continue from previous page
In the online lessons, ScienceShifu taught him how to annotate the

questions and trains him to look out for specific clues in each question.
ScienceShifu gave him specific pointers that are needed to answer the
open-ended questions clearly.
He diligently applies the learning pointers into the worksheets from

Scienceshifu.
He also seeks homework help from Scienceshifu whenever he is not sure

of his answers.
In the end, his exam results from the open-ended questions jumped from
20/44 to 38/44!
- 63 -
ScienceShifu.com
To All Concern Parents
Does your child have problems identifying the concepts for the science
exams?
Does your child miss out keywords in the open-ended questions

(Section B)?
If your answer is “yes”, your child needs help NOW!
We are a team of science experts that help your child to master the
open-ended questions with great confidence.
We don’t just teach concepts, we teach your child the scientific

thinking process so your child can easily explain their answers clearly.
The ScienceShifu method will guide your child to answering open-

ended questions clearly using the correct answering techniques.
- 64 -
ScienceShifu.com
You Might Be Interested In These Online Courses
Primary 3 Science Premium Course
A Premium Subscription Course

For Primary 3 students
Master the scientific keywords and answering techniques at home!
Based on the latest MOE syllabus.
New lessons are uploaded regularly.

Worksheets and Monthly Tests included.
Receive Unlimited Support, review and feedback!
(Click the link below to go to the Course)

https://scienceshifu.com/primary-3-science-premium-course-
information/

Click on the “Sign Up Now” button to enrol this course
- 65 -
ScienceShifu.com

For Primary 4 students
Master the science concepts and answering techniques at home!


information/
- 66 -
ScienceShifu.com

For primary 5 students



information/
- 67 -
ScienceShifu.com
PSLE Science Premium Course

For P6 students


https://scienceshifu.com/psle-science-premium-course-information/
- 68 -
ScienceShifu.com
Secondary 1 Science Premium Course

For Sec 1 students
Master the science concepts and answering techniques anytime!

We will show you how examiners test the concepts.

Assignments and Monthly Tests included.

https://scienceshifu.com/secondary-1-science-premium-course-
information/
- 69 -
ScienceShifu.com
Secondary 2 Science Premium Course

For Sec 2 students
Master the science concepts and answering techniques anytime!

We will show you how examiners test the concepts.

Assignments and Monthly Tests included.

https://scienceshifu.com/secondary-2-science-premium-course-
information/
- 70 -

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Must Know Heat and Temperature Concepts ...................................... - 1 -

Must Know Heat and Temperature Concepts

Explain the heat flow process

1) Object 1 gains/loses heat from / to object 2

Explain why an object is hotter than the other object (with

2) Object 1 has higher temperature than object 2.

Example: Water has a higher temperature than air.

Explain why an object is not hot after applying heat.

3) Poor conductor of heat gains/loses heat slowly

Example: Glass is a poor conductor of heat and takes in heat

Effect: Temperature of glass rises slowly

Explain why an object turns hot quickly after applying heat

4) Good conductor of heat gains/loses heat quickly

Example: As steel cup is a good conductor of heat and takes in

Result: The temperature of steel cup rises quickly.

Object expands and contracts

5) The object gains heat and expands on a hot day.

6) The object loses heat and contracts on a cold day.

Note: Object can be in solid, liquid or gaseous state!

Question 1 – Continue from previous page

How a student analyse:

The student’s answer:

Main takeaway from the wrong answer:

Question 1 – Continue from previous page

ScienceShifu thinking process explained

2) Question mentions Mary hands feel colder when she touches

3) Question asks you to explain.

Explain why liquid X flowed out of the glass tube?

Question 2 – Continue from previous page

How a student analyse:

The student’s answer:

ScienceShifu thinking process explained

1) Question mentions liquid X heats up.

2) There is another factor causing liquid X to rise up.

Question 2 – Continue from previous page

Must Know Evaporation and Condensation Concepts

Factors affecting rate of evaporation

7) Exposed surface area to surrounding air.

Take note: Water cannot evaporate when there is no exposed

8) Higher temperature of the liquid will increase rate of

Describing the process of evaporation of water

Describing the process of condensation of water vapour.

Beaker A is made of steel and Beaker B is made of glass. Both beakers

After 20 minutes, David measures the amount of water. The amount

Explain David’s results.

Question 3 – continue from previous page

How the student analyse:

The student’s answer:

The above answer will not give him full marks…

Main takeaway from the wrong answer:

Question 3 – continue from previous page

ScienceShifu thinking process explained

2) Question mentions the final volume of water decreased.

Combining the two concepts: Water gains heat faster in beaker A

Question 3 – continue from previous page

Must Know Three states of matter Concepts

12) The object has fixed shape and fixed volume.

Example: Glass has a fixed shape and volume

14) The object has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.

Example: Air has no fixed shape and volume.

Explain process relating to occupying space

15) Substance A flows into the container to occupy the space