Psle Math Strategies 2021 (For Reference Only)

PSLE MATH STRATEGIES (2021)
MODEL DRAWING
(A) PART-WHOLE MODEL
1) Mrs Lim gave 12 pencils to Jane and 8 pencils to Mary. How many pencils did Mrs Lim
give in all?
Jane Mary
12 + 8 = 20
12 8
?
20
Ans: ___________
2) Mr Koh had 17 pencils. He gave 8 pencils to his son. How many pencils did he have left?
Son Left
17 − 8 = 9
8 ?
17
Ans: ___________
9
(B) COMPARISON MODEL – MORE THAN / LESS THAN / TIMES AS MANY AS
3) John has 8 pens. Peter has 3 more pens than John. How many pens does Peter have?
John 8
8 + 3 = 11
Peter 8 3
Ans: ___________
11
4) Sheela has 40 cookies. Rita has 12 fewer cookies than Sheela. How many cookies does
Rita have?
40
Sheela 12
40 − 12 = 28
Rita ?
Ans: ___________
28
PAGE | 1
5) The total of two numbers is 100. The difference between the two numbers is 20. What
is the bigger number?
Bigger Number 20 100 + 20 = 120

100 120 ÷ 2 = 60
Smaller Number ?
Ans: ___________
60
6) Fatimah had 8 eggs. Her friend Nora had 4 times as many eggs as Fatimah.
(a) How many eggs did Nora have?
(b) How many eggs did they have altogether?
(c) How many more eggs did Nora have than Fatimah?
(𝑎𝑎) 8 × 4 = 32
Fatimah 8 ? (c)
(𝑏𝑏) 8 × 5 = 40
? (b)
Nora (𝑐𝑐) 8 × 3 = 24
? (a)
32
Ans: (a)___________
40
(b)___________
(c)___________
24
7) Charles had 45 cookies. He had 5 times as many cookies as David. Find the number of
cookies David had?
45
Charles
David
5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 45
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 45 ÷ 5 = 9
Ans: ___________
9
PAGE | 2
(C) BEFORE AND AFTER MODEL
8) Mrs Wee has 125 cupcakes. Mrs Lee has 69 cupcakes. How many cupcakes must Mrs
Wee give Mrs Lee so that they will have an equal number of cupcakes?
125
Mrs Wee 125 − 69 = 56

56 ÷ 2 = 28
Mrs Lee 69
Ans: ___________
28
9) Alan and Mira had some shells. After Alan gave 30 shells to Mira, they both had the
same number of shells. How many fewer shells did Mira have than Alan at first?
Alan 30 30
30 × 2 = 60
Mira
Ans: ___________
60
10) There were 28 more children in Group A than in Group B. If 9 children were transferred
from Group A to Group B, how many more children would there be in Group A than in
Group B?
28
Group A 9 ? 9 28 − 9 − 9 = 10
Group B
Ans: ___________
10
11) There were 10 more pupils in Class A than in Class B. If 5 pupils were transferred from
Class B to Class A, how many more pupils would there be in Class A than in Class B?
Class A 5 10 5 10 + 5 + 5 = 20
Class B 5
20
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 3
INTERMEDIATE CONCEPTS
Strategy 1: Times As Many As with More Than or Less Than

12) A racket cost $24 more than a bat. A ball cost twice as much as the racket. Given that
the ball cost $82 more than the bat, how much did the bat cost?
$82
Ball 1u 1u
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $82 − $24 = $58
Racket 1u
$58 − $24 = $34
Bat $24
$34
Ans: ___________
13) Three girls have a total of 1728 beads. Gena had 4 times as many beads as Jessie. Prema
has 132 more beads than Jessie. How many beads does Prema have?
Gena 1u 1u 1u 1u 6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1728 − 132 = 1596
1728 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1596 ÷ 6 = 266

Jessie 1u
266 + 132 = 398
Prema 1u 132
398
Ans: ___________
14) At a funfair, there were 56 fewer girls than boys and twice as many adults as boys. Given
that a total of 244 people were at the funfair, how many girls were at the funfair?
Adults 1u 1u 4 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 244 + 56 = 300

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 300 ÷ 4 = 75
Boys 1u 244
75 − 56 = 19
Girls 56
19
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 4
Strategy 2: Double Times As Many As

15) James, Eric and Bobby paid $315 for a present. James paid twice as much as Bobby and
Bobby paid 3 times as much as Eric. How much did James pay for the present?
James 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 10 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $315

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $315 ÷ 10 = $31.50
Bobby 1u 1u 1u $315
6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $31.50 × 6 = $189
Eric 1u
$189
Ans: ___________
Strategy 3: Repeated Identity
16) Denise, Keith and Johnny shared a bag of cookies. Denise and Keith took 112 cookies.
Denise and Johnny took 58 cookies. Given that Keith took 4 times as many cookies as
Johnny, how many cookies did Denise take?
112
Keith
Denise 1u 1u 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 112 − 58 = 54

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 54 ÷ 3 = 18
Bobby Denise 1u
58 − 18 = 40
Johnny
58
40
Ans: ___________
Strategy 4: Staircase Model
17) Tim ate some sweets on Monday. On each day, from Tuesday to Friday, he ate 2 more
sweets than the day before. If he ate a total of 60 sweets from Monday to Friday, how
many sweets did he eat on Monday?
Monday 1u
5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 60 − 2 × 10 = 40
Tuesday 1u 2 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 40 ÷ 5 = 8
Wednesday 1u 2 2 60
Thursday 1u 2 2 2
Friday 1u 2 2 2 2
8
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 5
Strategy 5: Stacking Model (Simultaneous Concept)

18) 3 cups and 2 plates cost $28. Each plate costs twice as much as each cup. Find the cost
of each cup.
Plate 1u 1u
Plate 1u 1u 7 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $28

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $28 ÷ 7 = $4
Cup 1u $28
Cup 1u
Cup 1u
$4
Ans: ___________
19) 2 raincoats and 3 umbrellas cost $77. Each umbrella costs $4 more than each raincoat.
Find the cost of each umbrella.
Umbrella 1u $4
Umbrella 1u $4 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $77 − $4 × 3 = $65

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $65 ÷ 5 = $13
Umbrella 1u $4 $77
$13 + $4 = $17
Raincoat 1u
Raincoat 1u
$17
Ans: ___________
20) 2 files and 3 notebooks cost $16. 4 files and 5 notebooks cost $30. Find the cost of each
notebook.
$16
$16 × 2 = $32
F F N N N ×2
$32 − $30 = $2
$30
F F F F N N N N N
F F F F N N N N N N
$32
$2
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 6
Strategy 6: Number x Value Model

21) Mark has some 20-cent coins and 10-cent coins that add up to $2 altogether. There are
2 more 10-cent coins than 20-cent coins. How many 20-cent coins does Mark have?
10-cent 2 2 × 10¢ = 20¢

$2 $2 = 200¢
20-cent
200¢ − 20¢ = 180¢
10¢ + 20¢ = 30¢
180¢ ÷ 30¢ = 6
Ans: ___________
6
22) Mrs Lim had a total of $360, consisting of $10-notes and $2-notes. The number of
$2-notes is 4 times as many as the number of $10-notes. How many notes did she have
altogether?
$2-notes 1 set: $2 × 4 + $10 × 1 = $18

$360 $360 ÷ $18 = 20 sets
$10-notes
20 × 5 = 100
100
Ans: ___________
Strategy 7: Before and After with Equal Stage

23) Nora and Fatimah brought along an equal amount of money for shopping. After Nora
spent $145 and Fatimah spent $64, Fatimah had 4 times as much money left as Nora.
How much money did each of them bring along for shopping?
Fatimah 1u 1u 1u 1u $64 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $145 − $64 = $81

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $81 ÷ 3 = $27
Nora 1u $145
$27 + $145 = $172
$172
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 7
24) Lisa and Patsy had an equal number of cookies at first. Lisa ate 9 of her cookies and
Patsy bought another 21 cookies. Patsy now has thrice as many cookies as Lisa. How
many cookies did Lisa have at first?
2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 9 + 21 = 30
Patsy 1u 1u 1u
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 30 ÷ 2 = 15
Lisa 1u 9 21
15 + 9 = 24
24
Ans: ___________
25) Andy had 3 times as many marbles as Tim. Andy bought another 35 marbles and Tim
bought another 91 marbles. They now have the same number of marbles. How many
marbles did Andy have at first?
Andy 1u 1u 1u 35 2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 91 − 35 = 56
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 56 ÷ 2 = 28
Tim 1u 91
3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 28 × 3 = 84
84
Ans: ___________
26) There were 4 times as many boys as girls in a hall. After 20 boys left and 16 more girls
entered the hall, there was an equal number of boys and girls in the hall. How many
pupils were there in the hall at first?
Boys 1u 1u 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 16 + 20 = 36
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 36 ÷ 3 = 12
Girls 1u 16 20
5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 12 × 5 = 60
60
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 8
Strategy 8: Before and After with Unchanged Quantity

27) Chris had 3 times as many books as Evon. After Evon had bought another 60 books, Evon
had twice as many books as Chris. How many books did Chris have?
Chris 1u 1u 1u 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 60
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 60 ÷ 5 = 12
Evon 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u
3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 12 × 3 = 36
36
Ans: ___________
28) Gary had 5 times as much money as Cheryl. After Gary had spent $147, he had twice as
much money as Cheryl. How much money did Gary have at first?
$147
Gary 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $147

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $147 ÷ 3 = $49
Cheryl 1u
5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $49 × 5 = $245
$245
Ans: ___________
29) Lily had 170 more greeting cards than Joe. After Lily had used 250 greeting cards, Joe
had twice as many greeting cards as Lily. How many greeting cards did Joe have?
250
Lily 1u 1u 170 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 250 − 170 = 80
Joe 2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 80 × 2 = 160

1u 1u
160
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 9
30) Adam has twice as many red stickers as blue stickers. After giving away 30 blue stickers,
he has thrice as many red stickers as blue stickers. How many red stickers does Adam
have?
Red 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 30
Blue 1u 1u 1u 6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 30 × 6 = 180
30
180
Ans: ___________
Strategy 9: Before and After with Internal Transfer or Unchanged Total

31) Samuel and Jimmy had a total of 1860 stamps. After Samuel gave 275 stamps to Jimmy,
Samuel still had 344 more stamps than Jimmy. How many stamps did Jimmy have at
first?
Samuel 1u 275 344 275

1860
Jimmy 1u 275
2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1860 − 275 − 344 − 275 = 966

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 966 ÷ 2 = 483
483
Ans: ___________
32) Aaron had 132 more cards than Eric. If Eric gives Aaron 28 cards, Aaron will have 5 times
as many cards as Eric. How many cards did Aaron have at first?
4 units
Aaron 1u 28 132 28
Eric 1u 28
4 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 28 + 132 + 28 = 188

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 188 ÷ 4 = 47
47 + 28 + 132 = 207
207
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 10
33) Sandra had 64 more stickers than Keith. After Sandra gave Keith 180 stickers, Keith had
3 times as many stickers as Sandra. How many stickers did Sandra have at first?
180
Sandra 1u 64
Keith 1u
2 units
180 − 64 = 116
2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 116 + 180 = 296
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 296 ÷ 2 = 148
148 + 180 = 328
328
Ans: ___________
34) Janet had 80 more stickers than Wilson. How many stickers must Janet give to Wilson
so that Wilson will have 16 more than Janet in the end?
80
Janet 1u 16 1u
Wilson
Janet 1u
Wilson 1u 16
2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 80 − 16 = 64
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 64 ÷ 2 = 32
32
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 11
Strategy 10: Before and After with Unchanged Difference

35) Grace is 8 years old and her father is 38 years old. In how many years’ time will her
father be 3 times her age?
30 38 − 8 = 30
Father 1u 1u 1u 2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 30
Grace 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 30 ÷ 2 = 15
1u
15 − 8 = 7
7 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
Ans: ___________
36) At first, Marc had 135 marbles and Benson had 93 marbles. After each of them gave
away the same number of marbles, Marc has 4 times as many marbles left as Benson.
How many marbles did Marc give away?
135
3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 135 − 93 = 42
Marc ? 1u 1u 1u 1u
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 42 ÷ 3 = 14
Benson 1u 93 − 14 = 79
93
79
Ans: ___________
37) Tom and Jane had some pencils. Jane had 46 more pencils than Tom. After their mother
gave them 12 pencils each, Jane had 3 times as many pencils as Tom. How many pencils
did Tom have at first?
2 units
Jane 12
Tom 12 ? 46
1 unit
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 46 ÷ 2 = 23
23 − 12 = 11
11
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 12
ADVANCED CONCEPTS
Strategy 11: Before and After with All Change

38) Mr Cheong had 649 ducks and chickens in his farm. He sold 89 chickens and bought 121
ducks. There were twice as many ducks as chickens in the end. How many chickens were
there in the farm at first?
121
Ducks 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 649 + 121 − 89 = 681

649 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 681 ÷ 3 = 227
Chickens 1u 89
227 + 89 = 316
316
Ans: ___________
Strategy 12: Before and After with Double If

39) Mark and Joshua have some marbles each. If Mark gives 8 marbles to Joshua, both of
them will have the same number of marbles. If Joshua gives 6 marbles to Mark, Mark
will have 5 times as many marbles as Joshua. How many marbles does Joshua have?
Mark 8 8
4 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 6 + 16 + 6 = 28
Joshua
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 28 ÷ 4 = 7
7 + 6 = 13
6 16 6
Mark 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u
Joshua 1u 6
13
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 13
40) Tommy has some money. If he buys 3 kites and 4 frisbees, he will have $8.50 left. If he
buys 4 kites and 3 frisbees, he will have $9.50 left. If each kite costs $8, how much
money does Tommy have?
K K K F F F F $8.50
K K K F F F K $9.50
Difference between 1 frisbee and 1 kite = $9.50 − $8.50 = $1

3 kites = $8 × 3 = $24
1 frisbee = $8 + $1 = $9
4 frisbees = $9 × 4 = $36
$24 + $36 + $8.50 = $68.50
$68.50
Ans: ___________
41) Sandra has some money. If she buys 5 bangles and 7 necklaces, she will have $3 left. If
she buys 7 bangles and 5 necklaces, she will need $5 more. If each necklace costs $8,
how much does she have?
B B B B B N N N N N N N $3 $5
B B B B B N N N N N B B
1 necklace = $8
2 necklaces = $8 × 2 = $16
2 bangles = $16 + $3 + $5 = $24
1 bangle = $24 ÷ 2 = $12
5 bangles = $12 × 5 = $60
7 necklaces = $8 × 7 = $56
$60 + $56 + $3 = $119
$119
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 14
Strategy 13: Redistribution Concept

42) A box of markers was shared equally among a class of 36 children. 9 of them gave up
their share to the rest. As a result, the remaining children received 2 more markers each.
How many markers were there in the box?
36 − 9 = 27
2 . . . . . . . . . 2
27 × 2 = 54
27 students 9 students
54 ÷ 9 = 6
36 × 6 = 216
216
Ans: ___________
Strategy 14: Gap and Difference Concept

43) Mr Ng gave a bag of chocolates to the pupils in his class. If he gave 4 pieces to each
pupil, he would have 14 pieces of chocolates left. If he gave 6 pieces to each pupil he
would need another 36 pieces of chocolates. How many pieces of chocolate did Mr Ng
have in the bag?
14 + 36 = 50
2 . . . . . . . . . 2
6−4 = 2
4 . . . . . . . . . 4 14 36 50 ÷ 2 = 25
left short 25 × 4 + 14 = 114
114
Ans: ___________
44) Mr Ang wanted to place his guppies equally into a number of tanks. If he placed 13
guppies in each tank, he would have 5 guppies left. If he placed 11 guppies in each tank,
he would have 19 guppies left. How many guppies did he have?
19 − 5 = 14
2 . . . . . . . . . 2 19 left
13 − 11 = 2
11 . . . . . . . . . 11 5 14 ÷ 2 = 7
left 7 × 13 + 5 = 96
96
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 15
Strategy 15: Average Change Concept

45) The average score of 4 girls for a recent test was 75 marks. When the fifth girl joined
the group, the average rose to 78 marks. What was the fifth girl’s score?
?
78 − 75 = 3
+3 +3 +3 +3 3 × 4 = 12
78 78 + 12 = 90
75 75 75 75
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
90
Ans: ___________
46) The average score of 4 boys for a recent test was 75 marks. When one of the boys left
the group, the average dropped to 72 marks. What was the score of the boy who left?
?
75 − 72 = 3
+3 +3 +3 3×3=9
75 75 + 9 = 84
72 72 72
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
84
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 16
Strategy 16: Spent Twice Concept

47) May and Nicole have some picture cards. If May sells 10 cards per day and Nicole sells
5 cards per day, May will have 25 cards left when Nicole sold all her cards. If May sells
5 cards per day and Nicole sells 10 cards per day, May will have 70 cards left when Nicole
has sold all her cards. How many cards does May have?
left
May 1u 1u 25 3 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 70 − 25 = 45
Nicole 1u 1 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 45 ÷ 3 = 15
4 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 15 × 4 = 60
70
60 + 25 = 85
May 1p 1p 1p 1p 25
Nicole 1p 1p
85
Ans: ___________
Strategy 17: Spent All Concept

48) Hilda had $60 less pocket money than Faridah at first. Every week, Hilda spent $8 while
Faridah spent $13. After Faridah had spent all her money, Hilda had $40 left.
(a) How many weeks did it take for Faridah to spend all her money?
(b) How much money did Hilda have at first?
÷ $5
Faridah (𝑎𝑎) $13 − $8 = $5

$8 $40 ÷ $5 $60
$40 + $60 = $100
Hilda $8 $40
$100 ÷ $5 = 20
left
(𝑏𝑏) $8 × 20 = $160
$160 + $40 = $200
20
Ans: (a)___________
$200
(b)___________
PAGE | 17
ALGEBRA
Strategy 1: Negative Numbers
1)
(𝑎𝑎) 3+2= 5 (𝑏𝑏) 2+3= 5
(𝑐𝑐) 3−2= 1 (𝑑𝑑) − 2 + 3 = 1
(𝑒𝑒) 2 − 3 = −1 (𝑓𝑓) − 3 + 2 = −1
(𝑔𝑔) − 2 − 3 = −5 (ℎ) − 3 − 2 = −5
2) (𝑎𝑎) 3×2= 6 (𝑏𝑏) 3 × −2 = −6
(𝑐𝑐) − 3 × 2 = −6 (𝑑𝑑) − 3 × − 2 = 6
(𝑒𝑒) 6 ÷ 3= 2 (𝑓𝑓) 6 ÷ − 3 = −2
(𝑔𝑔) − 6 ÷ 3 = −2 (ℎ) − 6 ÷ −3 = 2
Strategy 2: Simplifying Expressions
3) (𝑎𝑎) 3 𝑢𝑢 + 3 + 2 𝑢𝑢 + 2 = 5 𝑢𝑢 + 5
(𝑏𝑏) 3 𝑢𝑢 + 3 − 2 𝑢𝑢 − 2 = 1 𝑢𝑢 + 1
(𝑐𝑐) 3 𝑢𝑢 − 3 + 2 𝑢𝑢 + 2 = 5 𝑢𝑢 − 1
(𝑑𝑑) 3 𝑢𝑢 − 3 + 2 𝑢𝑢 − 2 = 5 𝑢𝑢 − 5
(𝑒𝑒) 3 𝑢𝑢 − 3 − 2 𝑢𝑢 − 2 = 1 𝑢𝑢 − 5
4) (𝑎𝑎) 2 × (3 𝑢𝑢 + 1) = 6 𝑢𝑢 + 2
(𝑏𝑏) 2 × (3 𝑢𝑢 − 1) = 6 𝑢𝑢 − 2
PAGE | 18
Strategy 3: Solving Equations

5) (𝑎𝑎) 1 𝑢𝑢 + 3 = 5 (𝑏𝑏) 1 𝑢𝑢 − 3 = 5
1 𝑢𝑢 = 5 − 3 1 𝑢𝑢 = 5 + 3
1 𝑢𝑢 = 2 1 𝑢𝑢 = 8
1 𝑢𝑢
(𝑐𝑐) 4 𝑢𝑢 = 12 (𝑑𝑑) = 5
3
1 𝑢𝑢 = 12 ÷ 4 1 𝑢𝑢 = 5 × 3
1 𝑢𝑢 = 3 1 𝑢𝑢 = 15
6) (𝑎𝑎) 4 𝑢𝑢 + 2 = 1 𝑢𝑢 + 5 (𝑏𝑏) 4 𝑢𝑢 − 1 = 1 𝑢𝑢 + 5
4 𝑢𝑢 − 1 𝑢𝑢 = 5 − 2 4 𝑢𝑢 − 1 𝑢𝑢 = 5 + 1
3 𝑢𝑢 = 3 3 𝑢𝑢 = 6
1 𝑢𝑢 = 3 ÷ 3 = 1 1 𝑢𝑢 = 6 ÷ 3 = 2
(𝑐𝑐) 4 𝑢𝑢 − 5 = 2 𝑢𝑢 − 1 (𝑑𝑑) 1 𝑢𝑢 + 3 = 6 𝑢𝑢 − 2
4 𝑢𝑢 − 2 𝑢𝑢 = 5 − 1 6 𝑢𝑢 − 2 = 1 𝑢𝑢 + 3
2 𝑢𝑢 = 4 6 𝑢𝑢 − 1 𝑢𝑢 = 3 + 2
1 𝑢𝑢 = 4 ÷ 2 = 2 5 𝑢𝑢 = 5
1 𝑢𝑢 = 5 ÷ 5 = 1
PAGE | 19
PATTERNS
Strategy 1: Repeated Pattern

(a) Study the letters below carefully.
A B C D D B C A A B C D D B C A A B C D D B C A A B C D D B C A ...
Which letter is in the 1234th position?
1 cycle → 8 letters
1234 ÷ 8 = 154 𝑅𝑅2
𝐵𝐵
Ans: ___________
(b) Today is Monday. What day will it be 23 days later?
23 ÷ 7 = 3 𝑅𝑅2
𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊
Ans: ___________
Strategy 2: Equal Gap Pattern
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern ×2 ×2 ×2 ×2 … ×2 ×2
Number 2 4 6 8 … 2𝑛𝑛 40
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern ×2−1 ×2−1 ×2−1 ×2−1 … ×2−1 ×2−1
Number 1 3 5 7 … 2𝑛𝑛 − 1 39
PAGE | 20
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern ×3 ×3 ×3 ×3 … ×3 ×3
Number 3 6 9 12 … 3𝑛𝑛 60
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern ×3+2 ×3+2 ×3+2 ×3+2 … ×3+2 ×3+2
Number 5 8 11 14 … 3𝑛𝑛 + 2 62
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern ×4−3 ×4−3 ×4−3 ×4−3 … ×4−3 ×4−3

Number 1 5 9 13 … 4𝑛𝑛 − 3 77
The following figures are made up of tables represented by and chairs represented by .
(a) Calculate the number of chairs in Figure 20.
(b) There are 126 chairs in a certain figure. How many tables will there be?
Tables 1 2 3 … n 20 ?
Pattern ×2+2 ×2+2 ×2+2 … ×2+2

Chairs 4 6 8 … 2𝑛𝑛 + 2 ? 126
(a) 20 × 2 + 2 = 42
(b) 2𝑛𝑛 + 2 = 126

2𝑛𝑛 = 126 − 2
2𝑛𝑛 = 124
𝑛𝑛 = 124 ÷ 2 = 62
42
Ans: (a) ___________
62
(b) ___________
PAGE | 21
Strategy 3: Square Pattern
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern 1×1 2×2 3×3 4×4 … 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑛𝑛 20 × 20

Number 1 4 9 16 … 𝑛𝑛2 400
Strategy 4: Cube Pattern
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern 1×1×1 2×2×2 3×3×3 4×4×4 … 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑛𝑛 20 × 20 × 20
Number 1 8 27 64 … 𝑛𝑛3 8000
Strategy 5: Consecutive Sum Pattern

(a) What is the sum of 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 8 + 9 + 10 ?
(1 + 10) × (10 ÷ 2) = 11 × 5 = 55
55
Ans: ___________
(b) What is the sum of 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 98 + 99 + 100 ?
(1 + 100) × (100 ÷ 2) = 101 × 50 = 5050
5050
Ans: ___________
(c) What is the sum of 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 49 + 50 + 51 ?
(1 + 51) × (51 ÷ 2) = 52 × 25.5 = 1326
1326
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 22
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern − 1+2 1+2+3 1+2+3+4 … 1 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑛 1 + ⋯ + 20
Number 1 3 6 10 … (1 + 𝑛𝑛) × (𝑛𝑛 ÷ 2) 210
(1 + 20) × (20 ÷ 2) = 21 × 10 = 210
(d) Meng wanted to build a set of steps with 1-cm cubes. The figures below show how he
built the steps, from a height of 2 cm to 3 cm to 4 cm.
If Meng continued building the steps in this way, what would be the height of the set
of steps that had 275 cubes.
275 ÷ 5 = 55
Figure 1 2 3 … 9
Pattern 1+2 1+2+3 1+2+3+4 … 1 + ⋯ + 10
Number 3 6 10 … 55
Height 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm … 10 cm
1 + 2 + ⋯ + 10 = 55
10 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 6: Consecutive Product Pattern
Figure 1 2 3 4 … n 20
Pattern 1×2 2×3 3×4 4×5 … 𝑛𝑛 × (𝑛𝑛 + 1) 20 × 21
Number 2 6 12 20 … 𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛 + 1) 420
PAGE | 23
ADVANCED CONCEPTS
Strategy 7: Staggered Pattern

Ishak uses rods to form figures that follow a pattern. The first four figures are shown below.
(a) The table below shows the number of rods used for each figure.
Complete the table for Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Figure Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of rods used 10 15 18 23 26 31
(b) What is the difference in the number of rods Ishak would use for
Figure 11 and Figure 21?
(c) How many rods would he use for Figure 30?
(a) Odd Pattern
Original Figure 1 3 5 … 11 21
Figure 1 2 3 … 6 11
Pattern ×8+2 ×8+2 ×8+2 … ×8+2 ×8+2

Number 10 18 26 … 50 90
2𝑛𝑛 − 1 = 11 2𝑛𝑛 − 1 = 21 90 − 50 = 40
2𝑛𝑛 = 12 2𝑛𝑛 = 22
𝑛𝑛 = 6 𝑛𝑛 = 11
(b) Even Pattern
Original Figure 2 4 6 … 30 2𝑛𝑛 = 30
Figure 1 2 3 … 15 𝑛𝑛 = 15
Pattern ×8+7 ×8+7 ×8+7 … ×8+7

Number 15 23 31 … 127
40
Ans: (b)___________
127
(c)___________
PAGE | 24
Strategy 8: Sum and Difference Pattern

The first four figures of a pattern are shown below.
The table shows the number of white and grey triangles used for each figure.
Figure Number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of white triangles 1 1 6 6 15
Number of grey triangles 0 3 3 10 10
Sum 1 4 9 16 25
Difference 1 2 3 4 5
(a) Fill in the table for Figure 5.

(b) What is the total number of white and grey triangles in Figure 250?
(c) What is the number of white triangles in Figure 250?
(d) What is the number of grey triangles in Figure 250?
(𝑏𝑏) 250 × 250 = 62500
Grey 250
62500
White
(𝑐𝑐) 62500 − 250 = 62250

62250 ÷ 2 = 31125
(𝑑𝑑) 31125 + 250 = 31375
Ans: (b)___________
62500
(c)___________
31125
31375
(d)___________
PAGE | 25
WHOLE NUMBERS
Strategy 1: Common Factors and Multiples

1) Weili wanted to pack 60 apples and 75 pears into as many bags as possible, with no
remainder. She packed the same number of fruits in each bag. The number of apples in
each bag was the same. How many apples were there in each bag?
Factors of 60 Factors of 75 Highest Common Factor = 15 bags

1 × 60 1 × 75
2 × 30 3 × 25 60 ÷ 15 = 4
3 × 20 5 × 15
4 × 15
5 × 12
6 × 10
4
Ans: ___________
2) Three friends go to the library regularly. Annie goes to the library every 2 days. Betty
goes to the library every 4 days. Clare goes to the library every 5 days. If they meet one
another today, how many days later will they meet again?
Multiples of 2: 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 20
Multiples of 4: 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 20
Multiples of 5: 5 , 10 , 15 , 20
Lowest Common Multiple: 20
20
Ans: ___________
3) A number when divided by 30 gives a remainder of 8. What is the smallest number that
can be added to the original number to change it to a multiple of 6?
30 is already a multiple of 6
Multiples of 6: 6 , 12
12 − 8 = 4
4
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 26
Strategy 2: Intervals and Cuts

4) Some plants are placed along a line at equal distances. The distance between the 2nd
and the 5th plants is 216 m. What is the distance between the 1st and the 9th plant?
5 − 2 = 3 intervals
3 intervals = 216 𝑚𝑚
1 interval = 216 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 3 = 72 𝑚𝑚
9 − 1 = 8 intervals
8 intervals = 72 𝑚𝑚 × 8 = 576 𝑚𝑚
576 𝑚𝑚
Ans: ___________
5) Trees were planted along each side of a square garden so that an equal number of trees
are found along each side of the garden. If 40 trees were planted, how many trees were
there along each side of the garden?
40 − 4 = 36
36 ÷ 4 = 9
9 + 2 = 11
11
Ans: ___________
6) A ribbon was 528 cm long. It was cut into pieces of length 6 cm each. How many cuts
were made?
528 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ÷ 6 = 88 pieces

88 − 1 = 87 cuts
Ans: ___________
87
PAGE | 27
7) Jess wants 200 ribbons of length 110 cm for a party. However, the ribbons were sold at
25 m per tape. How many tapes will Jess need?
25 𝑚𝑚 = 2500 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2500 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ÷ 110 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≈ 22 ribbons per tape
200 ÷ 22 ≈ 10 tapes
Ans: ___________
10
8) Helen is reading a storybook which has 117 pages. How many digits are used to form all
the page numbers in the storybook?
1 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 9 → 9 − 1 + 1 = 9 numbers 1 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 9 → 9 × 1 = 9 digits
Total = 9 + 180 + 54 = 243 digits
243
Ans: ___________
9) Sam is sitting in a cinema. There are 7 seats to his right and 12 seats to his left. There
are 6 rows in front of him and 14 rows behind him. If each row has the same number of
seats, how many seats are there in the cinema?
12 + 1 + 7 = 20
6 + 1 + 14 = 21
21 × 20 = 420
Ans: ___________
420
PAGE | 28
Strategy 3: Smallest and Greatest Possible Difference

10) Two whole numbers add up to 1037.
(a) What is the smallest possible difference between the two numbers?
(b) What are these two numbers?
1037 − 1 = 1036
Bigger Number 1
1037 1036 ÷ 2 = 518
Smaller Number
518 + 1 = 519
Ans: (a) ___________

1
518 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 519

(b) ___________
11) 4 baskets contain 180 apples altogether. There is a different number of apples in each
basket. The greatest number of apples a basket can contain is 60. What is the smallest
possible number of apples in a basket?
180
60 59 58 ? 180 − 60 − 59 − 58 = 3
Ans: ___________
3
12) The average of 4 three-digit numbers is 400. Two of the numbers are 280 and 370. If
each number is between 250 and 600, find the biggest difference between the other
two numbers?
Total = 400 × 4 = 1600

1600 − 280 − 370 = 950
600
Bigger Number ? 950 − 600 = 350

950 600 − 350 = 250
Smaller Number
Ans: ___________
250
PAGE | 29
Strategy 4: Equal Sets

13) At a bakery, muffins were sold at 3 for $5 and cupcakes were sold at 5 for $4.
Mrs Krishnan spent $185 on an equal number of muffins and cupcakes. How much more
did she spend on the muffins than on cupcakes?
Lowest Common Multiple of 3 and 5 = 15

Muffins: 3 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $5 → 15 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $25
Cupcakes: 5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $4 → 15 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $12
1 set of 15 Muffins and 15 Cupcakes: $25 + $12 = $37
$187 ÷ $37 = 5 sets
Difference for 1 set: $25 − $12 = $13
Difference for 5 sets: $13 × 5 = $65
Ans: ___________
$65
14) At a fruit stall, apples were sold at 6 for $10 and oranges were sold at 7 for $12.
Mrs Ting bought an equal number of apples and oranges. She paid $24 more for the
oranges than the apples. How many apples and oranges did she buy altogether?
Lowest Common Multiple of 6 and 7 = 42

Apples: 6 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $10 → 42 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $70
Oranges: 7 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $12 → 42 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 $72
Difference for 1 set: $72 − $70 = $2

$24 ÷ $2 = 12 sets
Total for 1 set: 42 + 42 = 84
Total for 12 sets: 84 × 12 = 1008
Ans: ___________
1008
PAGE | 30
Strategy 5: Sets with Remainder

15) David earns $6 for each clock he assembles. He gets a bonus of $10 for every 5 clocks
he assembles. How many clocks must he assemble to earn $144?
For every 5 clocks → $6 × 5 + $10 = $40

$144 ÷ $40 = 3 𝑅𝑅 $24
$24 ÷ $6 = 4
3 × 5 = 15
15 + 4 = 19
Ans: ___________
19
16) A shop gave a discount of $5 for every $30 spent. Mrs Tan bought a jacket and paid $81.
What was the price of the jacket before the discount?
For every $30 spent → $5 discount → $25 paid

$81 ÷ $25 = 3 𝑅𝑅 $6
30 × $3 = $90
$90 + $6 = $96
Ans: ___________
$96
Strategy 6: Systematic Listing

17) There are 15 more motorcycles than cars in a carpark. If there are 174 wheels
altogether, how many cars are there?
Cars Motorcycles
Number Wheels Number Wheels Total Check
1 4 16 32 36 ×
2 8 17 34 42 ×
: : : : : :
24 96 39 78 174 
Small Difference = 42 − 36 = 6
Big Difference = 174 − 36 = 138
Number of Rows = 138 ÷ 6 = 23
Number of Cars = 1 + 23 = 24
Ans: ___________
24
PAGE | 31
18) There were 30 children at a party. Each girl was given 5 balloons and each boy was given
3 balloons. The girls received 54 more balloons than the boys. How many girls were
there at the party?
Girls Boys
Number Balloons Number Balloons Difference Check
30 150 0 0 150 ×
29 145 1 3 142 ×
: : : : : :
18 90 12 36 54 
Small Difference = 150 − 142 = 8

Big Difference = 150 − 54 = 96
Number of Rows = 96 ÷ 8 = 12
Number of Girls = 30 − 12 = 18
Ans: ___________
18
19) Mr Tan packed 508 tarts into large and small boxes to sell. He filled each large box with
20 tarts and each small box with 12 tarts. All the boxes were full and there were no tart
left over. What was the least number of boxes used by Mr Tan?
Total 508 508 508 508

Number of small boxes 1 2 3 4
Number of tarts 12 24 36 48
Remainder 496 484 472 460
Divisible by 20? ÷ 20 ÷ 20 ÷ 20 ÷ 20
Number of large boxes × × × 23
Least Number of Boxes = 23 + 4 = 27
Ans: ___________
27
PAGE | 32
Strategy 7: Supposition Method

20) There are 100 cars and motorcycles in a car park. How many cars are there if there are
294 wheels altogether?
Assume all are motorcycles,

Total: 100 × 2 = 200
Extra: 294 − 200 = 94
Difference: 4 − 2 = 2
Opposite: 94 ÷ 2 = 47 cars
Ans: ___________
18
21) In a contest, Minah answered 20 questions and scored 40 points. For each correct
answer, 6 points were awarded. For each wrong answer, 4 points were deducted. How
many questions did she answer correctly?
Assume all are correct,

Total: 20 × 6 = 120
Extra: 120 − 40 = 80
Difference: 6 + 4 = 10
Opposite: 80 ÷ 10 = 8 wrong
20 − 8 = 12 correct
Ans: ___________
12
Strategy 8: Gap and Difference

22) Natasha wanted to give some cards to her friends. If she gave each friend 4 cards, he
would have 23 left. If she gave each friend 7 cards, she would have 8 cards left. How
many cards did she have?
Gap: 23 − 8 = 15
Difference: 7−4=3
Number of friends: 15 ÷ 3 = 5
Number of cards: 5 × 4 + 23 = 43
Ans: ___________
43
PAGE | 33
23) Mr Ismail has a bag of sweets to distribute to his students. If he gives each student
5 sweets, he will have 3 sweets left. If he gives each student 7 sweets, he will be short
of 25 sweets. How many sweets does he have in his bag?
Gap: 3 + 25 = 28
Difference: 7−5=2
Number of students: 28 ÷ 2 = 14
Number of sweets: 14 × 5 + 3 = 73
Ans: ___________
73
Strategy 9: Average Change

24) During a school carnival, Edward recorded the earnings from all the stalls. He recorded
wrongly one of the stall’s earnings as $430 instead of $680. As a result, the average
earnings was recorded at $435 instead of $460. How many stalls were there at the
carnival?
Change in Total: $680 − $430 = $250

Change in Average: $460 − $435 = $25
Number of stalls: $250 ÷ $25 = 10
Ans: ___________
10
Strategy 10: Equal Playing Time

25) A group of 5 boys booked a badminton court for 2 hours and took turns to play. At any
time, there were 4 boys playing on the court. On average, how long did each boy play
on the court? Give your answer in hours and minutes.
2 ℎ = 120 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Equal resting time: 120 ÷ 5 = 24 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Equal playing time: 120 − 24 = 96 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
96 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 1 ℎ 36 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Ans: ___________
1 ℎ 36 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
PAGE | 34
Strategy 11: Tiered Rate

26) The table below shows the taxi fare charges by a local taxi company.
Taxi Charges
Flag down (the first km) $3.60
Every 400 m thereafter or less up to 10 km $0.22
Every 350 m after 10 km or part thereof $0.25
Noah travelled 15.25 km from his house to his office. How much did he pay?
15.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 14.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 25 × $0.22 = $5.50

14.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 14250 𝑚𝑚 4250 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 350 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 13
14250 𝑚𝑚 − 10000 𝑚𝑚 = 4250 𝑚𝑚 13 × $0.25 = $3.25
10000 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 400 𝑚𝑚 = 25 $3.60 + $5.50 + $3.25 = $12.35
$12.35
Ans: ___________
Strategy 12: Direct and Inverse Proportion

27) 17 workers working 10 hours a day can paint a wall 1020 m long. How many workers
working 5 hours a day can paint a wall 3000 m long?
10 3000
× × 17 = 100
5 1020
100
Ans: ___________
Strategy 13: Working Rate

28) Machine A can make 100 fishballs in one minute. Machine B can make the same number
of fishballs in two minutes. When both machines are turned on, how long will it take to
make 600 fishballs?
In one minute, Machine A can make 100 fishballs.

In one minute, Machine B can make 100 ÷ 2 = 50 fishballs.
In one minute, Machine A and B can make 100 + 50 = 150 fishballs.
600 ÷ 150 = 4
4
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 35
Strategy 17: Simultaneous Concept

29) An apple costs twice as much as a pear. The total cost of 3 apples and 5 pears is $2.75.
Find the cost of 1 pear?
1 𝐴𝐴 = 2 𝑃𝑃
3 𝐴𝐴 + 5 𝑃𝑃 = $2.75
3 𝐴𝐴 = 6 𝑃𝑃
6 𝑃𝑃 + 5 𝑃𝑃 = $2.75
11 𝑃𝑃 = $2.75
1 𝑃𝑃 = $2.75 ÷ 11 = $0.25
Ans: ___________
$0.25
30) 3 chairs and 3 tables cost $180. 2 similar chairs and 1 similar table cost $110. How much
does a table cost?
3 𝐶𝐶 + 3 𝑇𝑇 = $180
2 𝐶𝐶 + 1 𝑇𝑇 = $110
6 𝐶𝐶 + 6 𝑇𝑇 = $360
6 𝐶𝐶 + 3 𝑇𝑇 = $330
6 𝑇𝑇 − 3 𝑇𝑇 = $360 − $330
3 𝑇𝑇 = $30
1 𝑇𝑇 = $30 ÷ 3 = $10
Ans: ___________
$10
PAGE | 36
31) Cindy has some money. She can use all the money to buy 18 plates or 13 mugs. If each
mug cost $1.25 more than each plate, how much does Cindy have?
18 𝑃𝑃 = 13 𝑀𝑀
1 𝑀𝑀 = 1 𝑃𝑃 + $1.25
13 𝑀𝑀 = 13 𝑃𝑃 + $16.25
18 𝑃𝑃 = 13 𝑃𝑃 + $16.25
18 𝑃𝑃 − 13 𝑃𝑃 = $16.25
5 𝑃𝑃 = $16.25
1 𝑃𝑃 = $16.25 ÷ 5 = $3.25
18 𝑃𝑃 = $3.25 × 18 = $58.50
Ans: ___________
$58.50
32) Ray had just enough money to buy either 6 comic books and 6 magazines or 7 comic
books and 3 magazines. If he used all his money to buy comic books only, how many
comic books could he buy?
6 𝐶𝐶 + 6 𝑀𝑀 = 7 𝐶𝐶 + 3 𝑀𝑀
6 𝑀𝑀 − 3 𝑀𝑀 = 7 𝐶𝐶 − 6 𝐶𝐶
3 𝑀𝑀 = 1 𝐶𝐶
6 𝑀𝑀 = 2 𝐶𝐶
6 𝐶𝐶 + 6 𝑀𝑀 = 6 𝐶𝐶 + 2 𝐶𝐶 = 8 𝐶𝐶
Ans: ___________
8
PAGE | 37
33) Danny and Eddie have a total mass of 64 kg. Danny and Frank have a total mass of
54 kg. Eddie and Frank have a total mass of 62 kg. What is the total mass of the three
boys?
𝐷𝐷 + 𝐸𝐸 = 64 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐷𝐷 + 𝐹𝐹 = 54 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐸𝐸 + 𝐹𝐹 = 62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2 𝐷𝐷 + 2 𝐸𝐸 + 2 𝐹𝐹 = 64 + 54 + 62 = 180 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐷𝐷 + 𝐸𝐸 + 𝐹𝐹 = 180 ÷ 2 = 90 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Ans: ___________
90 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
34) There were 4 blocks in a housing estate – A, B, C and D. The total number of apartments
in blocks A and B was 240, while the total number of apartments in B, C and D was 312.
The number of apartments in blocks A, B, C and D was twice the number of apartments
in block B. How many apartments were there in block A?
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 = 240
𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐷𝐷 = 312
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐷𝐷 = 2 𝐵𝐵
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐷𝐷 = 240 + 312 = 552
𝐵𝐵 + 2 𝐵𝐵 = 552
3 𝐵𝐵 = 552
1 𝐵𝐵 = 552 ÷ 3 = 184
1 𝐴𝐴 = 240 − 184 = 56
Ans: ___________
56
PAGE | 38
FRACTIONS
2
1) Sam had $54. He donated 3
of the money. How much money did he donate?
$54
3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $54
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $54 ÷ 3 = $18
2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $18 × 2 = $36
donated
2
or 3
× $54 = $36
Ans: ___________
$36
3
2) 5
of the pupils in a school are boys. There are 750 boys. How many pupils are there in
the school?
750 boys girls

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 750 ÷ 3 = 250
5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 250 × 5 = 1250
?
Ans: ___________
1250
3
3) The total cost of a pen and a book is $40. The cost of the pen is 5
the cost of the book.
What is the cost of the pen?
Pen 1u 1u 1u
$40 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $40 ÷ 8 = $5
Book 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $5 × 3 = $15
$15
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 39
7 3
4) A jug contained some milk. Roger drank 10
𝑙𝑙 of milk and Linda drank 5 𝑙𝑙 of milk. There
1
was 5
𝑙𝑙 of milk left in the jug. How much milk were there in the jug at first?
7 3 1 7 6 2 15 1
𝑙𝑙 + 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙𝑙 = 1 𝑙𝑙
10 5 5 10 10 10 10 2
1
1 𝑙𝑙
2
Ans: ___________
2 5
5) Sally bought 5 kg of butter. She used 3
kg of butter to make cakes and 9
kg of butter
to make tarts. How much butter had she left?
2 5 6 5 11 2
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3 9 9 9 9 9
2 9 2 7
5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
9 9 9 9
7
3𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
9
Ans: ___________
6) 6 cakes were shared equally among 4 children. How many cakes did each child get?
1
6÷4= 1
2
1
1
2
Ans: ___________
2
7) A group of friends shared 10 cakes. If each of them received 5
of a cake, how many
people were there in the group?
2 5
10 ÷ = 10 × = 25
5 2
25
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 40
2 3
8) Add 6 3 and 2 4 .
2 3 8 9 17 5
6 +2 = 6 +2 = 8 = 9
3 4 12 12 12 12
5
9
12
Ans: ___________
2 1
9) Subtract 1 3 from 5 2 .
1 2 3 4 9 4 5
5 −1 = 5 −1 = 4 −1 = 3
2 3 6 6 6 6 6
5
3
6
Ans: ___________
2 5
10) Find the product of 3
and 8
.
2 5 5
× =
3 8 12
5
12
Ans: ___________
1
11) Find the product of 2 3 and 18 .
1 7
2 × 18 = × 18 = 42
3 3
42
Ans: ___________
2 9
12) Linda bought 3
kg of flour. She used 10
of it to bake a cake. How much flour did she
use?
9 2 3
× 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
10 3 5
3
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
5
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 41
Strategy 1: Fraction with More Than
4
13) Mark and Henry shared a bag of marbles. Mark received 12 more than 7
of the bag of
marbles. If Henry received 45 marbles, how many marbles were there in the bag at first?
Mark (4 u +12) Henry (45)

3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 12 + 45 = 57
12 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 57 ÷ 3 = 19
7 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 19 × 7 = 133
133
Ans: ___________
Strategy 2: Fraction with Less Than

3
14) Kelly and Lily share a present together. Lily paid $10 less than 8
of the cost of the
present. If Kelly paid $85, how much did the present cost?
Lily (3 u – $10) Kelly ($85) 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $85 − $10 = $75

1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $75 ÷ 5 = $15
$10
8 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $15 × 8 = $120
$120
Ans: ___________
Strategy 3: Fraction with Units and Fraction of a Set

1 1
15) Kelly bought 2 3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 of strawberries. She gave 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 of strawberries to a relative and ate
2
3
of the remainder. How many kilograms of strawberries did she have left?
1 1 5
2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3 2 6
2 5 2
× 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3 6 9
5 2 11
1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
6 9 18
11
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
18
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 42
Strategy 4: Fraction with Remainder

2 1
16) Mrs Goh prepared 1 3 𝑙𝑙 of orange juice. She filled some 4
𝑙𝑙 cups with the juice and had
some left over. How much juice did she have left?
2 1 2
1 𝑙𝑙 ÷ 𝑙𝑙 = 6
3 4 3
2 1 1
× 𝑙𝑙 = 𝑙𝑙
3 4 6
1
𝑙𝑙
Ans: ___________
6
Strategy 5: Common Denominator

1 1
17) 3
of the markers in a box are black. 2
of them are red and the rest are green. If there
are 48 green markers, how many markers are there altogether in the box?
1 2
= → 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
3 6
1 3 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 48
= → 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
2 6 6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 48 × 6 = 288
2 3 1
1− − = → 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
6 6 6
Ans: ___________
288
Strategy 6: Common Numerator

2 3
18) In a class gathering of 184 students, 5
of the boys is equal to 4
of the girls. How many
boys are there at the gathering?
2 3 15 + 8 = 23
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
5 4
6 6
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 184 ÷ 23 = 8
15 8
15 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 15 × 8 = 120
Ans: ___________
120
PAGE | 43
1 1
19) There were 275 children in a hall. After 3
of the boys and 5
of the girls left the hall,
there was an equal number of boys and girls remained in the hall. How many children
left the hall?
1 2 1 4
1− = 1− =
3 3 5 5
6 + 5 = 11
2 4
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 11 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 275
3 5
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 275 ÷ 11 = 25
4 4
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
6 5 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 25 × 3 = 75
Ans: ___________
75
Strategy 7: Remainder Concept

1 2
20) Azlina spent 6
of her salary on a printer and 3
of the remainder on a notebook. If she
saved the remaining $1500, how much was her salary?
1 5
Remainder → 1− = 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $1500
6 6
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $1500 ÷ 5 = $300
2 1
Left → 1 − = of the remainder
3 3 18 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $300 × 18 = $5400
1 5 5
Left → × =
3 6 18
$5400
Ans: ___________
1
21) Anna read 52 pages of a book on Monday. On Tuesday, she read 6
of the remaining
1
pages. If she still had 2
of the book left to be read, how many pages were there in the
book?
1 5
Left → 1− = 10 − 6 = 4
6 6
5 1 4 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 52
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
6 2 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 52 ÷ 4 = 13
5 5
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 10 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 13 × 10 = 130
6 10
130
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 44
1 3
22) Frank read 4
of a book and an additional 3 pages on Monday. He read 5
of the
remainder and an additional 6 pages on Tuesday. If he was left with 24 pages to read,
find the total number of pages in the book.
1 1
Monday → 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 30 ÷ 2 = 15
4 5
3
Remainder → 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 3 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 15 × 5 = 75
4
3 3
Tuesday → 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 + 6 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 3 = 75
5 4
2 3
Left → 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − 6 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 75 + 3 = 78
5 4
2 1
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − 6 = 24 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 78 ÷ 3 = 26
5 4
2
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 24 + 6 = 30 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 26 × 4 = 104
5
104
Ans: ___________
Strategy 8: Repeated Identity

2
23) A tin of paint has a mass of 15 kg when it is 5
filled with paint and a mass of 13 kg when
1
it is 3
filled with paint. What is the mass of the tin when it is full of paint?
2
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 15 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 6−5=1
5
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 15 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 13 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
6
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 15 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
15 6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 6 = 12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 13 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 15 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3
5 15 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 15 = 30 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 13 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
15
15
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 30 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 33 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
15
33 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 45

1 2
24) There were 170 children in a hall. 4
of the boys and 5
of the girls wore glasses. If a
total of 62 people wore glasses in the hall, how many girls were there?
4𝐵𝐵 + 5𝐺𝐺 = 170 8𝐺𝐺 − 5𝐺𝐺 = 248 − 170

1𝐵𝐵 + 2𝐺𝐺 = 62 3𝐺𝐺 = 78
1𝐺𝐺 = 78 ÷ 3 = 26
4𝐵𝐵 + 5𝐺𝐺 = 170 5𝐺𝐺 = 26 × 5 = 130
4𝐵𝐵 + 8𝐺𝐺 = 248
130
Ans: ___________
1
25) Andy and Peter collected 370 toy cars altogether. 4
of Andy’s toy cars was 25 more
1
than 5
of Peter’s toy cars. How many toy cars did Peter collect?
4𝐴𝐴 + 5𝑃𝑃 = 370 4𝑃𝑃 + 100 + 5𝑃𝑃 = 370
1𝐴𝐴 = 1𝑃𝑃 + 25 9𝑃𝑃 = 370 − 100 = 270

1𝑃𝑃 = 270 ÷ 9 = 30
4𝐴𝐴 = 4𝑃𝑃 + 100 5𝑃𝑃 = 30 × 5 = 150
150
Ans: ___________
1
26) Daniel spent 3
of his money on 5 comic books and 6 fiction books. Each comic book
cost twice as much as fiction book. How many such fiction books could he buy with the
rest of his money?
1 2
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 → 5𝐶𝐶 + 6𝐹𝐹 1𝐶𝐶 = 2𝐹𝐹 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 → 20𝐹𝐹 + 12𝐹𝐹 = 32𝐹𝐹
3 3
10𝐶𝐶 = 20𝐹𝐹
2
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 → 10𝐶𝐶 + 12𝐹𝐹
3
32
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 46
Strategy 10: Units Manipulation

2
27) Pupils in a school are put into two groups for a learning journey. 5
of the pupils are in
1
Group A and the rest in Group B. 4
of the pupils in Group A are girls. In the school,
3
10
of the pupils are girls. What fraction of the pupils in Group B are girls?
1 2 1
× = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝐴𝐴
4 5 10
3 1 2 1
− = = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝐵𝐵
10 10 10 5
2 3
1 − = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐵𝐵
5 5
1 3 1 5 1
÷ = × = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐵𝐵 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
5 5 5 3 3
1
3
Ans: ___________
Strategy 11: Before and After

1
28) Sam and Mary had 150 envelopes altogether. After Sam used 3
of his envelopes and
Mary used 35 envelopes, they had an equal number of envelopes left. How many
envelopes did Mary have at first?
Sam Mary Total

Before 3u 2 u + 35 150
Change –1u – 35
After 2u 2u
3 𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑢𝑢 + 35 = 150
5 𝑢𝑢 = 150 − 35 = 115
1 𝑢𝑢 = 115 ÷ 5 = 23
2 𝑢𝑢 + 35 = 2 × 23 + 35 = 81
81
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 47
1
29) Mary and John had 362 greeting cards altogether. After May used 3
of her greeting
cards and John bought another 58 greeting cards, they had the same number of greeting
cards each. How many greeting cards did John have at first?
Mary John Total

Before 3u 2 u – 58 362
Change –1u + 58
After 2u 2u
3 𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑢𝑢 − 58 = 362
5 𝑢𝑢 = 362 + 58 = 420
1 𝑢𝑢 = 420 ÷ 5 = 84
2 𝑢𝑢 − 58 = 2 × 84 − 58 = 110
110
Ans: ___________
Strategy 12: Working Rate

30) Danny can build a model boat in 3 hours. Bryan can build the same model boat in 6
hours. If they work together, how long will they take to build the model boat?
1
In 1 hour, Danny builds of the boat.
3
1
In 1 hour, Bryan builds of the boat.
6
1 1 3 1
+ = =
3 6 6 2
1
Working together, both Danny and Bryan can build of the boat in 1 hour.
2
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1 ℎ
2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 2 ℎ
2ℎ
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 48
Strategy 13: Working Backwards

1
31) Some passengers were on board a bus. At Bus Stop A, 5
of them alighted and
1
5 passengers boarded. At Bus Stop B, 3
of the passengers on the bus alighted and
6 passengers boarded. If 28 passengers were on the bus then, how many passengers
were on the bus at first?
Bus Stop A Bus Stop B

Before 5u Before 3p
–1u –1p
Change Change
+5 +6
After 4u+5 After 2p+6
2 𝑝𝑝 + 6 = 28 4 𝑢𝑢 + 5 = 33
2 𝑝𝑝 = 28 − 6 = 22 4 𝑢𝑢 = 33 − 5 = 28
1 𝑝𝑝 = 22 ÷ 2 = 11 1 𝑢𝑢 = 28 ÷ 4 = 7
3 𝑝𝑝 = 11 × 3 = 33 5 𝑢𝑢 = 7 × 5 = 35
35
Ans: ___________
1
32) Alan, Bryan and Clare had 396 marbles altogether. Alan gave 5
of his marbles to Bryan.
1
Bryan then gave 3
of his total number of marbles to Clare. Clare now had twice as many
marbles as before. In the end, they had the same number of marbles. How many
marbles did Bryan have at first?
Alan Bryan Clare Total

6 𝑝𝑝 = 396
Before 5u 3p–1u 1p 396
1 𝑝𝑝 = 396 ÷ 6 = 66 (𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶)
Change –1u +1u
2 𝑝𝑝 = 66 × 2 = 132
After 4u
4 𝑢𝑢 = 2 𝑝𝑝 = 132
Before 3p
1 𝑢𝑢 = 132 ÷ 4 = 33
Change –1p +1p
5 𝑢𝑢 = 33 × 5 = 165 (𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴)
After 2p 2p 2p 396
3 𝑝𝑝 = 66 × 3 = 198
3 𝑝𝑝 − 1𝑢𝑢 = 198 − 33 = 165 (𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵)
165
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 49
RATIO
1) There are 16 pupils in a class. 7 of them are boys. What is the ratio of the number of
boys to the number of girls?
16 − 7 = 9
Boys Girls
7 : 9
7∶9
Ans: ___________
2) Emily had some red beads and blue beads in the ratio 5 : 2. She had 54 more red beads
than blue beads. How many red beads did she have?
5−2=3
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 54 ÷ 3 = 18
5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 18 × 5 = 90
90
Ans: ___________
COMMONLY-TESTED QUESTIONS
Strategy 1: Splitting Ratio

3) In a hall, the ratio of the number of teachers to the number of pupils was 2 : 5. The ratio
of the number of boys to the number of girls was 4 : 3. If there were 56 teachers, how
many boys were there?
Teachers Pupils
2 ×7 : 5 ×7
(14) (35) 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 56 ÷ 14 = 4
20 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 20 × 4 = 80
Boys Girls Pupils
4 ×5 : 3 ×5 : 7 ×5
(20) (15) (35)
80
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 50
2
4) 5
of the beads in a box are red beads. The rest are blue and yellow beads in the ratio
4 : 5. The number of red beads is 280 more than the number of blue beads. How many
yellow beads are there in the box?
Red Blue + Yellow

6−4=2
2 ×3 : 3 ×3
(6) (9) 2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 280
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 280 ÷ 2 = 140
Blue Yellow Blue + Yellow 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 140 × 5 = 700
(4) : (5) : (9)
700
Ans: ___________
Strategy 2: Combining Ratio

5) The ratio of the number of Alan’s storybooks to that of Terry’s storybooks is 5 : 2. The
ratio of the number of Terry’s storybooks to that of Nick’s storybooks is 3 : 4. The three
boys have 145 storybooks in all. How many storybooks does Nick have?
Alan Terry Terry Nick

5 ×3 : 2 ×3 3 ×2 : 4 ×2
(15) (6) (6) (8)
15 + 6 + 8 = 29
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 145 ÷ 29 = 5
8 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 8 × 5 = 40
40
Ans: ___________
1 3
6) A plot of land is divided into 3 parts A, B and C. Area A is 2
of Area B. Area B is 4
of
Area C. Find the ratio of Area A to Area B to Area C.
A B B C A B C
1×3 : 2 ×3 3×2 : 4 ×2 3 : 6 : 8
(3) (6) (6) (8)
3∶ 6∶ 8
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 51
Strategy 3: Units Manipulation

7) The apples in a big basket were divided equally into Box A and Box B. The ratio of the
number of red apples to the number of green apples in Box A was 2 : 3 and in Box B was
1 : 2. What was the ratio of the number of red apples to the number of green apples in
the basket at first?
Box A Box B
Red Green Total Red Green Total

2 ×3 : 3 ×3 : 5 ×3 1 ×5 : 2 ×5 : 3 ×5
(6) (9) (15) (5) (10) (15)
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 → 6 + 5 = 11 = 29 Red Green

𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 → 9 + 10 = 19 29 : 19
29 ∶ 19
Ans: ___________
Strategy 4: Number x Value

8) Kelly exchanged $420 for some $5-notes and $10-notes. The ratio of the number of
$5-notes to the number of $10-notes was 8 : 3. Find the number of $5-notes she
exchanged?
Number 8 : 3 40 𝑢𝑢 + 30 𝑢𝑢 = 70 𝑢𝑢
× × ×
Value $5 : $10 70 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 420
Total Value 40 u : 30 u 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 420 ÷ 70 = 6

48
Ans: ___________
9) Diet Tea is a mixture of three kinds of tea leaves A, B and C in the ratio 4 : 3 : 2.
1 kg of each kind of tea leaves costs $12, $10 and $6 respectively. What is the cost of
15 kg of Diet Tea?
$48 + $30 + $12 = $90

A B C
4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 9 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Number 4 kg : 3 kg : 2 kg
× × × × 9 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → $90
Value $12 : $10 : $6 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → $90 ÷ 9 = $10
Total Value $48 : $30 : $12 15 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → $10 × 15 = $150
$150
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 52
Strategy 5: BCA – Unchanged Quantity

10) Joe and Mary collected some cards in the ratio 3 : 2. When Joe gave away 42 of his cards,
the ratio of the number of Joe’s cards to Mary’s cards became 1 : 3. How many cards
did Mary collect?
Joe Mary
Before 3 : 2 9−2 = 7
×3 ×3
(9) : (6) 7 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 42
Change - 42 : NO 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 42 ÷ 7 = 6
After 1 : 3
×2 ×2
(2) : (6)
36
Ans: ___________
Strategy 6: BCA – Unchanged Total or Internal Transfer

11) Jug A and Jug B contained some lemon juice in the ratio 5 : 1. When 180 ml of juice was
poured from Jug A to Jug B, the ratio of the volume of lemon juice in Jug A to that in
Jug B became 1 : 2. Find the total volume of the lemon juice in both jugs.
Jug A Jug B Total

Before (5) : (1) : (6) 5−2 = 3
3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 180 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Change - 180 : + 180 : NO
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 180 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ÷ 3 = 60 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
After 1 : 2 : 3 6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 60 × 6 = 360 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
×2 ×2 ×2
(2) : (4) : (6)
360 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 53
2
12) Mary and Sally shared a sum of money in the ratio 6 : 7. After Mary gave 3 of her share
to Sally, Sally had $720 more than Mary. Find the sum of money the two girls shared.
Mary Sally Total

2
Before 6u : 7u : 13 u ×6=4
3
11 − 2 = 9
Change - 4u : + 4u : NO
After 2u : 11 u : 13 u 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $720 ÷ 9 = $80
13 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $80 × 13 = $1040
$1040
Ans: ___________
Strategy 7: BCA – Unchanged Difference

13) A box contained a total of 168 red and green beads in the ratio 3 : 4. After an equal
number of beads was taken out from each colour, the ratio of the number of red beads
to that of green beads became 5 : 7. How many beads were taken out from each colour?
Red Green Difference

Before 3 : 4 : 1
×2 ×2 ×2
(6) : (8) : (2) 6 + 8 = 14
Change -? : -? : NO
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 168 ÷ 14 = 12
After (5) : (7) : (2)
12
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 54
1
14) Alan is 4 as old as his uncle now. In 28 years’ time, the ratio of Alan’s age to his uncle’s
age will be 3 : 5. How old is Alan’s uncle now?
Alan Uncle Difference

Before 1 : 4 : 3
×2 ×2 ×2
(2) : (8) : (6) 9−2=7
Change + 28 : + 28 : NO
1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 28 ÷ 7 = 4
After 3 : 5 : 2 8 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 8 × 4 = 32
×3 ×3 ×3
(9) : (15) : (6)
32 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
Ans: __________
Strategy 8: BCA – Equal Stage

15) Jim and Ken had an equal amount of money. After Jim spent $132 and Ken spent $54,
the ratio of Jim’s money to Ken’s money became 2 : 5. How much money did each of
them have at first?
Jim Ken
2 𝑝𝑝 = 1 𝑢𝑢 − $132
Before 1u : 1u
5 𝑝𝑝 = 1 𝑢𝑢 − $54
Change - $132 : - $54
10 𝑝𝑝 = 5 𝑢𝑢 − $660
After 2p : 5p 10 𝑝𝑝 = 2 𝑢𝑢 − $108
5 𝑢𝑢 − $660 = 2𝑢𝑢 − $108

5 𝑢𝑢 − 2𝑢𝑢 = $660 − $108
3 𝑢𝑢 = $552
1 𝑢𝑢 = $552 ÷ 3 = $184
$184
Ans: __________
PAGE | 55
Strategy 9: BCA – All Change

1
16) Gary and Tina had a total of 255 postcards. After Gary used 4 of his postcards and Tina
used 34 postcards, the number of postcards Gary and Tina had left was in the ratio
1 : 3. Find the ratio of the number of Gary’s postcards to that of Tina’s at first.
Gary Tina Total

Before 4u : 9 u + 34 255 4 𝑢𝑢 + 9 𝑢𝑢 + 34 = 255
4 𝑢𝑢 + 9 𝑢𝑢 = 255 − 34
Change -1u : - 34
13 𝑢𝑢 = 221
After 1p : 3p 1 𝑢𝑢 = 221 ÷ 13 = 17
(3 u) : (9 u) 4 𝑢𝑢 = 17 × 4 = 68
9 𝑢𝑢 + 34 = 17 × 9 + 34 = 187
68 ∶ 187 = 4 ∶ 11
4 ∶ 11
Ans: __________
17) Three boxes A, B and C had a total mass of 93 kg. After Box A’s mass was doubled,
Box B’s mass increased by 10 kg and Box C’s mass reduced by 8 kg, the ratio of the mass
of Box A to Box B to Box C became 4 : 2 : 1. Find the mass of Box B at first.
A B C Total
Before 2u : 2 u – 10 : 1u+8 93 kg
Change ×2 + 10 -8
After 4u : 2u : 1u
2 𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑢𝑢 − 10 + 1𝑢𝑢 + 8 = 93
2 𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑢𝑢 + 1𝑢𝑢 = 93 + 10 − 8
5 𝑢𝑢 = 95
1 𝑢𝑢 = 95 ÷ 5 = 19
2 𝑢𝑢 − 10 = 19 × 2 − 10 = 28
28 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Ans: __________
PAGE | 56
18) The ratio of Zoe to Isa's income was 6 : 1 at first. After Zoe and Isa was given another
$654 and $341 respectively, Zoe had 4 times as much as Isa. How much did both of them
have altogether at first?
Zoe Isa
4 𝑝𝑝 = 6 𝑢𝑢 + $654
Before 6u : 1u
1 𝑝𝑝 = 1 𝑢𝑢 + $341
Change + $654 : + $341
4 𝑝𝑝 = 6 𝑢𝑢 + $654
After 4p : 1p 4 𝑝𝑝 = 4 𝑢𝑢 + $1364
6 𝑢𝑢 + $654 = 4 𝑢𝑢 + $1364
6 𝑢𝑢 − 4𝑢𝑢 = $1364 − $654
2 𝑢𝑢 = $710
1 𝑢𝑢 = $710 ÷ 2 = $355
7 𝑢𝑢 = $355 × 7 = $2485
$2485
Ans: __________
Strategy 10: Double If

19) Alfred and Fiona have some stamps each. If Alfred gives Fiona 28 stamps, he will have
1 3
3
as many stamps as Fiona. If Alfred gives Fiona 12 stamps, he will have 5 as many
stamps as Fiona. How many stamps does Alfred have?
Case 1: Alfred Fiona Total Case 2: Alfred Fiona Total
Before 2 p + 28 : 6 p - 28 Before 3 p + 12 : 5 p - 12
Change - 28 + 28 Change - 12 + 12
After 1u : 3u : 4u After 3p : 5p : 8p
(2 p) : (6 p) : (8 p)
3 𝑝𝑝 + 12 = 2 𝑝𝑝 + 28
3 𝑝𝑝 − 2 𝑝𝑝 = 28 − 12
1 𝑝𝑝 = 16
2 𝑝𝑝 + 28 = 16 × 2 + 28 = 60
60
Ans: __________
PAGE | 57
PERCENTAGE
1) Express each of the following as a percentage.

2 2
(a) × 100% = 40% (b) 0.9 0.9 × 100% = 90%
5 5
40%
Ans: (a) __________ 90%
(b) __________
2) Express 32% as a fraction.
32 8
32% = = 8
100 25
25
Ans: __________
3) Express 6% as a decimal.
6% = 6 ÷ 100 = 0.06
0.06
Ans: __________
4) 30 out of 40 pupils passed a mathematics test. What percentage of the pupils passed
the test?
30
× 100% = 75%
40 Ans: __________
75%
5) There are 200 pupils in a school. 40% of them are boys. How many girls are there?
100% − 40% = 60%
60
× 200 = 120
100
120
Ans: __________
6) A farmer sold 20% of his chickens in the morning and 40% of them in the afternoon. He
had 240 chickens left. How many chickens did the farmer have at first?
100% − 20% − 40% = 40%

40% → 240
1% → 240 ÷ 40 = 6
100% → 6 × 100 = 600
600
Ans: __________
7) 35% of a number is 28. What is the number?
35% → 28
1% → 28 ÷ 35 = 0.8
100% → 100 × 0.8 = 80
80
Ans: __________
PAGE | 58
8) David and Zainal shared some money. David received $273. He received 30% more
money than Zainal. How much money did Zainal receive?
100% + 30% = 130%

130% → $273
1% → $273 ÷ 130 = $2.10
100% → $2.10 × 100 = $210
$210
Ans: __________
9) The usual price of a digital camera was $700. John bought the digital camera at a
discount of 20%. How much did he pay for the digital camera?
100% − 20% = 80%

100% → $700
1% → $700 ÷ 100 = $7
80% → $7 × 80 = $560
$560
Ans: __________
10) Terry has $2000 in his bank account. The bank pays him an annual interest of 4%. How
much money will he have in his bank account after a year?
100% → $2000
1% → $2000 ÷ 100 = $20
100% + 4% = 104%
104% → $20 × 104 = $2080
$2080
Ans: __________
11) Sarah bought an iPad which cost $850. In addition, she had to pay 7% GST. How much
did she pay for the iPad in all?
100% → $850
1% → $850 ÷ 100 = $8.50
100% + 7% = 107%
107% → $8.50 × 107 = $909.50
$909.50
Ans: __________
PAGE | 59
12) Yvonne earns a basic salary of $600 per month. In addition, she gets a 8% commission
from her sales. If she earns $1840 this month, what is her total sales?
$1840 − $600 = $1240

8% → $1240
1% → $1240 ÷ 8 = $155
100% → $155 × 100 = $15 500
$15 500
Ans: __________
13) The price of a handbag was increased from $270 to $351. What was the percentage
increase in price?
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = $351 − $270 = $81

81
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = × 100% = 30%
270
30%
Ans: __________
14) Alan bought a phone for $144. The usual price of the phone was $180. What was the
percentage discount given to Alan?
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = $180 − $144 = $36

36
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = × 100% = 20%
180
20%
Ans: __________
15) Paul has 90 stamps this year. This number is an increase of 25% from last year’s
collection. How many stamps did he have last year?
100% + 25% = 125%

125% → 90
1% → 90 ÷ 125 = 0.72
100% → 0.72 × 100 = 72
72
Ans: __________
PAGE | 60
COMMONLY-TESTED QUESTIONS
Strategy 1: Percentage Comparison

16) Jason has 20% more stickers than Bala but 20% fewer stickers than Ryan. If they have
185 stickers altogether, how many stickers does Jason have?
Jason Bala Jason Ryan
120% : 100% 80% : 100%
6 : 5 4 : 5
12 : 10 12 : 15
12 𝑢𝑢 + 10 𝑢𝑢 + 15𝑢𝑢 = 37 𝑢𝑢 1 𝑢𝑢 = 185 ÷ 37 = 5
37 𝑢𝑢 = 185 12 𝑢𝑢 = 12 × 5 = 60
60
Ans: __________
17) In an excursion, there were 20% more Primary 4 pupils than Primary 5 pupils. There was
1
3
as many boys as girls in Primary 4 and 25% as many boys as girls in Primary 5. There
were 12 more Primary 4 boys than Primary 5 boys. How many pupils participated in the
excursion?
Primary 4 Primary 5
120% : 100%
6u : 5u
×2 ×2
12 u : 10 u
Boys : Girls : Total Boys : Girls : Total
1 : 3 : 4 25% : 100%
×3 ×3 ×3
(3 u) : (9 u) : (12 u) 1 : 4 : 5
×2 ×2 ×2
(2 u) : (8 u) : (10 u)
3 𝑢𝑢 − 2 𝑢𝑢 = 1 𝑢𝑢 12 𝑢𝑢 + 10 𝑢𝑢 = 22 𝑢𝑢
1 𝑢𝑢 = 12 22 𝑢𝑢 = 22 × 12 = 264
264
Ans: __________
PAGE | 61
Strategy 2: Percentage Change

18) This month, the number of boys in a school choir increased by 20% to 48 and the
number of girls decreased by 20% to 48. How many members were there in the school
choir last month?
Boys Girls
Before 100% Before 100%
Change +20% Change -20%
After 120% After 80%
(48) (48)
120% → 48 80% → 48 40 + 60 = 100
1% → 48 ÷ 120 = 0.4 1% → 48 ÷ 80 = 0.6

100% → 0.4 × 100 = 40 100% → 0.6 × 100 = 60
100
Ans: __________
19) John saved 20% of his income. This month, his income was increased by 15% and his
savings increased by $72. Find his income last month.
100% + 15% = 115%

20
× 115% = 23%
100
23% − 20% = 3%
3% → $72
1% → $72 ÷ 3 = $24
100% → $24 × 100
$2400
Ans: __________
PAGE | 62
Strategy 3: Discount and GST

20) Desmond bought a shirt at 20% discount. He paid a total of $81.32 inclusive of a
7% GST. What was the original price of the shirt?
107% → $81.32 80% → $76

1% → $81.32 ÷ 107 = $0.76 1% → $76 ÷ 80 = $0.95
100% → $0.76 × 100 = $76 100% → $0.95 × 100 = $95
$95
Ans: __________
21) The usual price of a bicycle was $180. At a sale, Tom bought the bicycle at a discount of
30%. As a member, he was given an additional 10% discount on the discounted price. If
he had to pay 7% GST on the final discounted price, how much did he pay for the
bicycle? Round off your answer to the nearest 10¢.
100% → $180
1% → $180 ÷ 100 = $1.80
100% − 30% = 70%
70% → $1.80 × 70 = $126
100% → $126
1% → $126 ÷ 100 = $1.26
100% − 10% = 90%
90% → $1.26 × 90 = $113.40
100% → $113.40
1% → $113.40 ÷ 100 = $1.134
100% + 7% = 107%
107% → $1.134 × 107 = $121.338 ≈ $121.30
$121.30
Ans: __________
PAGE | 63
Strategy 4: Remainder Concept

22) Each month, Nick spent 30% of his allowance on food and 40% of the remainder on
transport. After that, he had $63 left. How much allowance did he receive each month?
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 → 100% − 30% = 70% 42% → $63

40
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 → × 70% = 28% 1% → $63 ÷ 42 = $1.50
100
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 → 100% − 30% − 28% = 42% 100% → $1.50 × 100 = $150
$150
Ans: __________
Strategy 5: Same Numerator Concept

23) 25% of Jason’s stickers is equal to 60% of Mary’s stickers. If they have 136 stickers
altogether, how many more stickers does Jason have than Mary?
25% 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 = 60% 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 12 𝑢𝑢 + 5 𝑢𝑢 = 17 𝑢𝑢

1 3 17 𝑢𝑢 = 136
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
4 5
1 𝑢𝑢 = 136 ÷ 17 = 8
3 3
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 12 𝑢𝑢 − 5 𝑢𝑢 = 7 𝑢𝑢
12 5
7 𝑢𝑢 = 7 × 8 = 56
56
Ans: __________
PAGE | 64
Strategy 6: Percentage Spend vs Percentage Save

24) Raymond spent $360 of his allowance and saved the rest. When he increased his
expenditure by 10%, his savings decreased by 30%. How much was his allowance?
Expenditure Savings 10% 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 30% 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
Before 100% 100% 1 3

𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
10 10
Change +10% -30%
3 3
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
After 110% 70% 30 10
30 𝑢𝑢 = $360
1 𝑢𝑢 = $360 ÷ 30 = $12
30 𝑢𝑢 + 10 𝑢𝑢 = 40 𝑢𝑢
40 𝑢𝑢 = 40 × $12 = $480
$480
Ans: __________

25) There are 500 workers in Company X and Company Y. 40% of the workers in
Company X and 20% of the workers in Company Y are women. Given that there are
360 men in both companies, how many women are there in Company X?
Company X Company Y
Men : Women : Total Men : Women : Total

60% : 40% : 100% 80% : 20%
(3 u) : (2 u) : (5 u) (4 p) : (1 p) : (5 p)
5 𝑢𝑢 + 5 𝑝𝑝 = 500 ×4 20 𝑢𝑢 − 15 𝑢𝑢 = 2000 − 1800

3 𝑢𝑢 + 4 𝑝𝑝 = 360 ×5 5 𝑢𝑢 = 200
1 𝑢𝑢 = 200 ÷ 5 = 40
20 𝑢𝑢 + 20 𝑝𝑝 = 2000
2 𝑢𝑢 = 40 × 2 = 80
15 𝑢𝑢 + 20 𝑝𝑝 = 1800
80
Ans: __________
PAGE | 65
Strategy 8: BCA Unchanged Quantity

26) There were a total of 180 animals in Mr Lim’s farm. 40% of them were rabbits and the
rest were hamsters. When Mr Lim bought some more rabbits, 70% of the animals were
rabbits. How many rabbits did he buy?
Rabbits Hamsters
Before 40% : 60% 2+3 = 5
(2) : (3) 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 180
Change +? : NO
After 70% : 30%

(7) : (3)
180
Ans: ___________
27) There were 40 pupils in a class. 30% of them were girls. After some girls left the class,
the percentage of girls decreased to 20%. How many girls left the class?
Girls Boys
Before 30% : 70% 12 + 28 = 40
3 ×4
: 7 ×4 40 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 40
(12) : (28) 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 40 ÷ 40 = 1
12 − 7 = 5
Change -? : NO
After 20% : 80%
1 ×7
: 4 ×7
(7) : (28)
5
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 66
28) There are 680 members in a computer club. 45% of them are boys and the rest are girls.
How many more boys must join the club so that the number of boys will become 60%?
Boys Girls
Before 45% : 55% 18 + 22 = 40
9 ×2
: 11 × 2 40 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 680
(18) : (22) 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 680 ÷ 40 = 17
33 − 18 = 15
Change +? : NO
15 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 17 × 15 = 255
After 60% : 40%
3× 11 : 2 × 11
(33) : (22)
255
Ans: ___________
Strategy 9: BCA Unchanged Total or Internal Transfer

29) The number of beads in Box A is 60% of the number of beads in Box B. When 180 beads
are transferred from Box B to Box A, the number of beads in Box A increases by 30%.
How many beads are there in Box B in the end?
Box A Box B
30
× 60% = 18%
Before 60% : 100% 100
Change + 180 : - 180 18% → 180
+ 18% 1% → 180 ÷ 18 = 10
After : ? 100% → 10 × 100 = 1000
1000 − 180 = 820
820
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 67
30) Eileen and Joyce shared a sum of money. Eileen received $35. When Eileen gave $12 to
Joyce, Joyce’s share increased by 30%. Find the sum of money the two girls shared.
Eileen Joyce 30% → $12

Before $35 : 100% 1% → $12 ÷ 30 = $0.40
Change - $12 : + $12 100% → $0.40 × 100 = $40
(+ 30%) $35 + $40 = $75
$75
Ans: ___________
Strategy 10: BCA Unchanged Difference

31) 40% of the animals in a pet store was rabbits. The rest were kittens. When 16 kittens
and 16 rabbits were sold, the number of rabbits became 40% lesser than the number of
kittens. How many rabbits were in the store at first?
Rabbits Kittens Difference 100% − 40% = 60%

Before 40% : 60% : 20% 120% − 100% = 20%
×2 ×2 ×2
(80%) : (120%) : (40%) 20% → 16
1% → 16 ÷ 20 = 0.8
Change - 16 : - 16
80% → 0.8 × 80 = 64
After (60%) : (100%) (40%)
64
Ans: __________
PAGE | 68
Strategy 11: BCA All Change

3
32) Rohan and Siti had a total of $124. When Rohan spent 5 of his money and Siti spent
50% of her money, they had a total of $55 left. How much did Rohan have at first?
50 1
Rohan Siti 50% = =
100 2
Before 5u : 2p 5𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑝𝑝 = $124
Change -3u : -1p 2𝑢𝑢 + 1 𝑝𝑝 = $55 ×2
After 2u : 1p
5𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑝𝑝 = $124
4𝑢𝑢 + 2 𝑝𝑝 = $110
5 𝑢𝑢 − 4 𝑢𝑢 = $124 − $110
1 𝑢𝑢 = $14
5 𝑢𝑢 = $14 × 5 = $70
$70
Ans: ___________
33) In a farm, there were 250 chicken and ducks. After 40% of the chickens and 75% of the
ducks were sold, there were 48 more chickens than ducks left. How many ducks were
there at first?
Chickens Ducks 100 𝑐𝑐 + 100 𝑑𝑑 = 250 ×3
Before 100% : 100% 60 𝑐𝑐 = 25 𝑑𝑑 + 48 ×5
(100 c) : (100 d) 300 𝑐𝑐 + 300 𝑑𝑑 = 750

Change - 40% : - 75% 300 𝑐𝑐 = 125 𝑑𝑑 + 240
(- 40 c) : (- 75 d) 125 𝑑𝑑 + 240 + 300 𝑑𝑑 = 750

After 60% : 25% 425 𝑑𝑑 = 750 − 240 = 510
(60 c) : (25 d) 1 𝑑𝑑 = 510 ÷ 425 = 1.2

100 𝑑𝑑 = 1.2 × 100 = 120
120
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 69
MEASUREMENT
Strategy 1: Using Units to Find Perimeter

1) The figure is made up of 5 identical rectangles with a perimeter of 336 cm. Find the area
of each rectangle.
1 𝑢𝑢 5 𝑢𝑢 + 3 𝑢𝑢 + 5 𝑢𝑢 + 3 𝑢𝑢 = 16 𝑢𝑢
16 𝑢𝑢 = 336 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
3 𝑢𝑢 1 𝑢𝑢 1 𝑢𝑢 = 336 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ÷ 16 = 21 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Boys Girls 3 𝑢𝑢 = 21 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 × 3 = 63 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
7 1 𝑢𝑢 : 9
63 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 × 21 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1323 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2
5 𝑢𝑢
2
1323 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 2: Using Sets to Find Perimeter

2) The figure is made up of 5 equilateral triangles resting on a line AB. The length of AB is
32 cm. Find the perimeter of the figure.
1 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 → 32 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
3 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 → 32 × 3 = 96 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
96 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 3: Triangle in a Square or Rectangle

3) ABCD is a square. What is the area of the shaded parts?
1
× 10 × 10 = 50
2
2
50 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 70
4) The figure shows a rectangle ABCD measuring 10 cm by 6 cm. What is the total area of
the two shaded triangles?
1
× 10 × 6 = 30
2
2
30 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
5) ABCD is a rectangle and is divided into 4 unequal triangles P, Q, R and S as shown. Find
the area of Triangle S.
𝑃𝑃 + 𝑅𝑅 = 𝑄𝑄 + 𝑆𝑆
45 + 24 = 69
69 − 20 = 49
2
49 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 4: Fraction of Figure Shaded

6) In the figure below, ABCD is a square with an area of 90 cm2. E, F, G and H are the
midpoints of AB, GB, DB and DC respectively. Find the total area of the shaded parts.
1
× 90 = 45
2
2
45 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 71
7) Mr Tan is making a Christmas ornament as shown by the shaded figure. Each ornament
is cut from squares of sides 3 cm and 5 cm. Each corner of the shaded figures touches
the middle of each side of the square. Calculate the area of one such ornament.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

1u
2u = (5 × 5) × 2 + (3 × 3) × 2 = 68
3u
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
2u
3
= × 68 = 25.5
8
2
25.5 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 5: Area of Boomerang

8) The figure below shows 2 identical triangles and 4 identical squares. What is the area of
the shaded parts?
1
× 10 × 10 = 50
2
1
× 10 × 5 = 25
2
50 − 25 = 25
2
25 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
9) The figure below shows two triangles inside a square of sides 12 cm. Given that the
length of AB is twice the length of CD, find the area of the shaded part.
1
× 12 × 12 = 72
2
1
× 12 × 6 = 36
2
72 − 36 = 36
2
36 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 72
Strategy 6: Cutting into Equal Parts

10) In the figure below, AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FA. The area of the whole figure is
120 cm². Find the area of the shaded parts.
6 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 120 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2

1 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 120 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 ÷ 6 = 20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2
2 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 × 2 = 40 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2
2
40 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 7: Indirect Method

11) In the figure, ABCD is a square of sides 12 cm and ADE is an isosceles triangle where
AE = ED. Calculate the area of the shaded triangle, ACE.
F 8 cm 12 cm 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 20 × 12 = 240

1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = × 8 × 6 = 24
6 cm 2
1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆ 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = × 20 × 6 = 60
2
6 cm 1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = × 12 × 12 = 72
2
G
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 240 − 24 − 60 − 72 = 84
2
84 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 8: Area of Right-Angled Isosceles Triangle

12) What is the area of the right-angled isosceles triangle below?
1
× 10 × 5 = 25
5 cm 2
2
25 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 73
Strategy 9: Overlapping Parts

1 2
13) The figure below shows 2 overlapping rectangles X and Y. 5 of X is shaded and 7
of Y
is shaded. What is the ratio of the shaded area to the area of the figure?
A B C
A
4 : 1
B ×2 ×2
: 2 : 5
C
8 : 2 : 5
8 + 2 + 5 = 15
𝐵𝐵 ∶ 𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 = 2 ∶ 15
8 ∶ 15
Ans: ___________
14) The figure below is made up of Square ABCD of sides 12 cm and two right-angled
triangles, ABF and BCE. E and F are the midpoints of AB and AD respectively. Given that
Triangle EBG has an area of 14 cm2, find the area of the quadrilateral CDFG.
6 cm 6 cm
14 cm2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
6 cm 1
= × 12 × 6 = 36
12 cm
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
= 36 − 14 = 22
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 12 × 12 = 144
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 144 − 14 − 22 − 22 = 86
2
86 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 74
15) Rectangle ABCE has an area of 240 cm2 and the ratio of CD to DE is 1 : 3. Given that the
area of Quadrilateral GHDF is 18 cm2, find the area of the shaded parts.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = × 240 = 120
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 120 − 18 − 18 = 84
18 cm2
2
84 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 10: Folded Figures

16) A rectangular piece of paper is folded to form the figure. Find the perimeter of the
rectangular piece of paper before it was folded.
7 cm 5 cm
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ = 7 + 5 + 16 = 28
5 cm
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ = 5
7 cm 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 28 + 5 + 28 + 5 = 66
5 cm
66 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 11: Cubes and Cuboids

17) What is the greatest possible number of 3-cm cubes that can be cut from a 20 cm by 10
cm by 12 cm cuboid?
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ = 20 ÷ 3 = 6 𝑅𝑅 2
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ = 10 ÷ 3 = 3 𝑅𝑅 1
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ𝑡𝑡 = 12 ÷ 3 = 4
6 × 3 × 4 = 72
72
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 75
18) Jasmin formed two cuboids with unit cubes. The length, breadth and height of the
bigger cuboid are 2 times those of the smaller cuboid. She used 384 unit cubes to form
the bigger cuboid. How many unit cubes did she use to form the smaller cuboid?
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ × 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ × 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ𝑡𝑡

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 2 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ × 2 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ × 2 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ𝑡𝑡
= 8 × 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ × 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ × 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ𝑡𝑡 = 384 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 384 ÷ 8 = 48 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
48
Ans: ___________
Strategy 12: Cut and Paste

19) The figure below shows a a quadrant and two semi-circles. Find the area of the shaded
22
parts. (Take π = 7 )
1 22
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = × × 14 × 14 = 154
4 7
1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = × 14 × 14 = 98
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 154 − 98 = 56
2
56 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 13: Area of Leaf

20) The figure below shows two quadrants in a square. Find the area of the unshaded part.
22
(Take π = 7 )
1 22
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = × × 14 × 14 = 154
4 7
1
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 154 − 98 = 56
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 56 × 2 = 112
2
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 76
Strategy 14: Difference in Area

21) The figure is formed by a circle of diameter 20 cm and a right-angled isosceles triangle.
Find the difference in the area between the two shaded parts. (Take π = 3.14)
20 cm
A 1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 (𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵) = × 20 × 20 = 200
2
B 1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶) = × 3.14 × 10 × 10 = 157
2
C 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 200 − 157 = 43
2
43 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
Strategy 15: Overlapping Parts

22) The figure is made up of two semicircles and a quarter circle. Calculate the area of the
shaded parts. (Take π = 3.14)
10 cm
1
10 cm 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = × 3.14 × 10 × 10 = 78.5
4
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 10 × 10 = 100
10 cm
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 100 + 78.5 + 78.5 = 257
10 cm
2
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 77
23) The figure is made up of a triangle and three semicircles of diameter 6 cm, 8 cm and
10 cm. Calculate the area of the shaded parts. (Take π = 3.14)
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

1
= × 3.14 × 3 × 3 = 14.13
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
1
= × 3.14 × 4 × 4 = 25.12
2
1
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
1
= × 3.14 × 5 × 5 = 39.25
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 14.13 + 25.12 + 24 − 39.25 = 24
2
24 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
24) The figure below shows 4 identical triangles, each with an area of 30 cm2, arranged to
form a big and a small square. A circle lies within the small square. Find the area of the
shaded part. (Take π = 3.14)
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 13 × 13 = 169
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 4 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 30 × 4 = 120
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 169 − 120 = 49
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = √49 = 7
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 7 ÷ 2 = 3.5
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 3.14 × 3.5 × 3.5 = 38.465
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 49 − 38.465 = 10.535
2
10.535 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 78
25) The figure shows two small quadrants of radius 10 cm and two big quadrants of radius
20 cm within Square ACEG.
(a) Calculate the area of the shaded parts.

(b) Calculate the perimeter of the shaded parts.
22
(Take π = 7
)
10 cm
X
10 cm Y
Y 10 cm
X
10 cm
(𝑎𝑎) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑋𝑋 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
1 22 3
= (10 × 10) − � × × 10 × 10� = 21
4 7 7
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑋𝑋 + 𝑌𝑌 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
1 22 5
= (20 × 20) − � × × 20 × 20� = 85
4 7 7
5 3 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑌𝑌 = 85 − 21 = 64
7 7 7
2 4
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 64 × 2 = 128
7 7
1 22 3
(𝑏𝑏) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = × × 40 = 31
4 7 7
1 22 5
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = × × 20 = 15
4 7 7
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

3 3 5 5 2
= 31 + 31 + 15 + 15 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 134
7 7 7 7 7
4
128 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2
7
Ans: (a)___________
2
(b)___________
7
PAGE | 79
GEOMETRY
Strategy 1: Angles in Folded Figures

1) A rectangular piece of paper was folded as shown below. Find ∠x.
90˚ 28˚ 23˚ 90˚ 180° − 90° − 62° = 28°

28˚ 23˚
180° − 90° − 67° = 23°
67˚
62˚ 180° − 28° − 28° − 23° − 23° = 78°
78°
Ans: ___________
Strategy 2: Overlapping Angles

2) In the figure below, AOB is a straight line. ∠AOC = 135˚ and ∠BOD = 119˚. Find ∠COD.
∠𝑥𝑥 = 180° − 119° = 61°

∠𝑧𝑧 = 180° − 135° = 45°
𝑦𝑦° ∠𝑦𝑦 = 180° − 61° − 45° = 74°

𝑥𝑥° 𝑧𝑧°
74°
Ans: ___________
Strategy 3: Angles in Polygon

3) What is the sum of all the marked angles in the polygons below?
(a) (b)
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝑠𝑠 = 5 − 2 = 3 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ∆𝑠𝑠 = 8 − 2 = 6

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 180° × 3 = 540° 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 180° × 6 = 1080°
540°
Ans: (a)___________
1080°
(b)___________
PAGE | 80
Strategy 4: Angles in a Star

4) In the figure below, find the sum of ∠a + ∠b + ∠c + ∠d + ∠e.
∠𝑎𝑎 + ∠𝑐𝑐 + ∠𝑓𝑓 = 180°

∠𝑏𝑏 + ∠𝑒𝑒 + ∠𝑔𝑔 = 180°
∠𝑎𝑎 + ∠𝑑𝑑 + ∠ℎ = 180°
∠𝑐𝑐 + ∠𝑒𝑒 + ∠𝑖𝑖 = 180°
𝑓𝑓
𝑗𝑗 ∠𝑏𝑏 + ∠𝑑𝑑 + ∠𝑗𝑗 = 180°
𝑔𝑔
𝑖𝑖 ∠𝑓𝑓 + ∠𝑔𝑔 + ∠ℎ + ∠𝑖𝑖 + ∠𝑗𝑗 = 180° × 3 = 540°
ℎ
180° × 5 = 900°
2 ∠𝑎𝑎 + 2 ∠𝑏𝑏 + 2 ∠𝑐𝑐 + 2 ∠𝑑𝑑 + 2 ∠𝑒𝑒 = 900° − 540°
= 360°
∠𝑎𝑎 + ∠𝑏𝑏 + ∠𝑐𝑐 + ∠𝑑𝑑 + ∠𝑒𝑒 = 360° ÷ 2
= 180°
180°
Ans: ___________
Strategy 5: Angles in Composite Figures

5) In the diagram below, ABCD is a square and QM = QP = QN. MN is parallel to AB and it
is perpendicular to PQ. Find ∠MPN.
∆ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.

75° 75°
∆ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ∆ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.
60° 60°
180° − 30°
∠𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = ∠𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = = 75°
2
∠𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 75° + 75° = 150°
30° 30°
150°
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 81
6) The following figure is made up of straight lines. Given that ∠x is twice the size of ∠y,
find the unknown angles marked ∠x and ∠y.
3 u + 60° = 180°
2𝑢𝑢 42°
3 u = 180° − 60° = 120°
1𝑢𝑢
1𝑢𝑢 1 u = 120° ÷ 3 = 40°
2𝑢𝑢 2 u = 40° × 2 = 80°
∠𝑥𝑥 = 80°
Ans: ___________
∠𝑦𝑦 = 40°
___________
7) The figure below, not drawn to scale, is formed by two isosceles triangles where
EC = EB and AD = AB. Given that ∠DEF = 52˚, ∠DAB = 36˚ and ∠AFB = 98˚,
calculate ∠DBC.
180° − 36°
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = 72°
2
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 180° − 98° = 82°
∠𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 180° − 82° − 72° = 26°
82°
72° 180° − 52°
∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = = 64°
2
26° ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 64° − 26° = 38°
64°
38°
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 82
8) In the figure below, ABCD is a square. DA = DE = DC. ∠CBE = 82˚ and ∠CFE = 115˚.
(a) Find ∠ACE.

(b) Find ∠CEB.
70° 45° (a) ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 90° ÷ 2 = 45°

35° ∠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 180° − 115° = 65°
10° ∠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 180° − 65° − 45° = 70°
180° − 70°
65° ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = = 55°
2
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 180° − 115° − 55° = 10°
55°
63°
(b) ∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 90° − 45° − 10° = 35°
∠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 180° − 35° − 82° = 63°
10°
Ans: (a)___________
63°
(b)___________
9) ABCD and ABCE are trapeziums. CDF is an isosceles triangle. ∠CDF = 53˚ and ∠EAF = 62˚.
(a) Find ∠FCB.

(b) Find ∠FAB.
(a) ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 53°

∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 180° − 53° = 127°
∠𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 127° − 53° = 74°
74°
(b) ∠𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 74° (𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝)

53°
74°
74°
Ans: (a)___________
74°
(b)___________
PAGE | 83
10) In the figure below, triangles ABC and ABD are isosceles triangles.
Given that ∠BAC = 50˚, ∠BDC = 102˚ and ∠ABD = 20˚, find ∠ACD.
180° − 50°
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = 65°
2
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 65° − 20° = 45°
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 180° − 102° − 45° = 33°
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 65° − 33° = 32°
32°
45° 33°
32°
Ans: ___________
11) In the figure below, AB = AC = AD, ∠ACB = 76˚ and ∠ADB = 59˚. Find ∠BEA.
28°
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 76° (𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∆)
∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 180° − 76° − 76° = 28°
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 59° (𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∆)
93° ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 180° − 59° − 28° = 93°
59°
76°
93°
Ans: ___________
PAGE | 84
12) In the figure below, ACD and BCE are straight lines. AE = BE = DE.
Given that ∠BDC = 20˚ and ∠BED = 104˚, find ∠DAE.
38°
18°
38°
180° − 104°
∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = = 38°
2
18°
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 38° − 20° = 18°
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 18° (𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∆)
18°
Ans: ___________
Strategy 5: Angles in Circles

13) The figure below is made up of a circle, triangle and rhombus.
If ∠SOP = 102˚ and ∠ROP = ∠SOU = 72˚, find ∠x and ∠y.
180° − 72°
∠𝑥𝑥 = = 54°
2
102° ∠𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 102° − 72° = 30°
∠𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 180° − 30° − 54° = 96°
30° ∠𝑦𝑦 = 96° (𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
54° 96° 54°
∠𝑥𝑥 = 54°
Ans: ___________
∠𝑦𝑦 = 96°
___________
PAGE | 85

Psle Math Strategies 2021 (For Reference Only)

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PSLE MATH STRATEGIES (2021)

(A) PART-WHOLE MODEL

(B) COMPARISON MODEL – MORE THAN / LESS THAN / TIMES AS MANY AS

Bigger Number 20 100 + 20 = 120

(C) BEFORE AND AFTER MODEL

Mrs Wee 125 − 69 = 56

Strategy 1: Times As Many As with More Than or Less Than

Gena 1u 1u 1u 1u 6 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1728 − 132 = 1596

1728 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1596 ÷ 6 = 266

Adults 1u 1u 4 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 244 + 56 = 300

Strategy 2: Double Times As Many As

James 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 10 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $315

Denise 1u 1u 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 112 − 58 = 54

Strategy 5: Stacking Model (Simultaneous Concept)

Plate 1u 1u 7 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $28

Umbrella 1u $4 5 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $77 − $4 × 3 = $65

Strategy 6: Number x Value Model

10-cent 2 2 × 10¢ = 20¢

$2-notes 1 set: $2 × 4 + $10 × 1 = $18

Strategy 7: Before and After with Equal Stage

Fatimah 1u 1u 1u 1u $64 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $145 − $64 = $81

Strategy 8: Before and After with Unchanged Quantity

Gary 1u 1u 1u 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = $147

Lily 1u 1u 170 1 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 250 − 170 = 80

Joe 2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 80 × 2 = 160

Strategy 9: Before and After with Internal Transfer or Unchanged Total

Samuel 1u 275 344 275

2 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 1860 − 275 − 344 − 275 = 966

4 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 28 + 132 + 28 = 188

Strategy 10: Before and After with Unchanged Difference

Strategy 11: Before and After with All Change

Ducks 1u 1u 3 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 649 + 121 − 89 = 681

Strategy 12: Before and After with Double If

Difference between 1 frisbee and 1 kite = $9.50 − $8.50 = $1

Strategy 13: Redistribution Concept

Strategy 14: Gap and Difference Concept

Strategy 15: Average Change Concept

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Strategy 16: Spent Twice Concept

Strategy 17: Spent All Concept

Faridah (𝑎𝑎) $13 − $8 = $5

Strategy 1: Negative Numbers

(𝑎𝑎) 3+2= 5 (𝑏𝑏) 2+3= 5

(𝑐𝑐) 3−2= 1 (𝑑𝑑) − 2 + 3 = 1

2) (𝑎𝑎) 3×2= 6 (𝑏𝑏) 3 × −2 = −6

Strategy 2: Simplifying Expressions

Strategy 3: Solving Equations

Strategy 1: Repeated Pattern

Which letter is in the 1234th position?

(b) Today is Monday. What day will it be 23 days later?

Strategy 2: Equal Gap Pattern

Pattern ×2−1 ×2−1 ×2−1 ×2−1 … ×2−1 ×2−1

Pattern ×4−3 ×4−3 ×4−3 ×4−3 … ×4−3 ×4−3

(a) Calculate the number of chairs in Figure 20.

Pattern ×2+2 ×2+2 ×2+2 … ×2+2

(b) 2𝑛𝑛 + 2 = 126

Strategy 3: Square Pattern

Pattern 1×1 2×2 3×3 4×4 … 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑛𝑛 20 × 20

Strategy 4: Cube Pattern

Pattern 1×1×1 2×2×2 3×3×3 4×4×4 … 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑛𝑛 20 × 20 × 20

Number 1 8 27 64 … 𝑛𝑛3 8000