MC 371 (HYDRAULIC MACHINERY)

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
SECTION ONE
1. High specific speed of a pump implies it is……. (A) Centrifugal pump (B) Mixed flow pump
(C) Axial flow pump (D) Any one of the above
2. Which of the following is not a reaction turbine? (A) Fourneyron turbine (B) Journal
turbine (C) Thomson's turbine (D) Pelton wheel
3. A turbine develops 10000 kW under a head of 25 meters at 135 r.p.m. Its specific speed
is…..(A) 175.4 r.p.m. (B) 215.5 r.p.m. (C) 241.5 r.p.m. (D) 275.4 r.p.m
4. The flow ratio of the Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the…(A) Velocity of flow at
the inlet to the theoretical jet velocity (B) Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at
the inlet (C) Velocity of the runner at the inlet to the velocity of flow at the inlet (D) None of
the above
5. Medium specific speed of the turbine implies it is….(A) Propeller turbine (B) Francis
turbine (C) Impulse turbine (D) Any one of the above
6. A turbine is required to develop 1500 kW at 300 r.p.m. under a head of 150 m. Which of
the following turbine should be used? (A) Pelton wheel with one nozzle (B) Pelton wheel
with two or more nozzles (C) Kaplan turbine (D) Francis’s turbine
7. In the reaction turbine, the draft tube is used…..(A) To transport water downstream
without eddies (B) To convert the kinetic energy to flow energy by a gradual expansion of
the flow cross-section (C) For the safety of the turbine (D) To increase the flow rate
8. Kaplan turbine is _____________ (A) axial flow turbine (B) inward flow turbine (C) tangential
flow turbine (D) mixed flow turbine
9. Pelton turbines are used for _________________ (A) medium-head applications (B) low-head
applications (C) in steam power plants (D) high-head applications
10. Francis’s turbines are the type of _____________ (A) reaction turbines (B) radial flow turbine
(C) impulse turbine (D) axial flow turbine
11. The type of centrifugal pump preferred for a specific speed of 20 r.p.m. is…(A) Slow-speed
pump with the radial flow at the outlet (B) Medium-speed pump with the radial flow at the
outlet (C) High-speed pump with the radial flow at the outlet (D) High-speed pump with the
axial flow at the outlet
12. Operating head of the Francis turbine is __________ (A) less than 30 (B) less than 70 m (C)
30 to 200 m (D) more than 200 m

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13. Which of the following is not a reaction turbine? (A) Francis’s turbine (B) Kaplan turbine
(C) Pelton wheel turbine (D) Propeller turbine
14. Inside pressure of which of the following turbine is equal to atmospheric pressure? (A)
Fixed vane propeller turbine (B) Movable vane propeller turbine (C) Francis’s turbine (D)
Pelton wheel turbine
15. Francis’s turbine is suitable for medium-head hydroelectric power plants. (A) True (B)
False
16. Which turbine has the highest speed? (A) Pelton wheel turbine (B) Francis’s turbine (C)
Impulse turbine (D) Kaplan turbine
17. Governing mechanism used in the case of the Pelton wheel turbine is ________ (A) guide
vane (B) nozzle needle (C) control valve (D) dam gates
18. Guide vanes are used as governors in the Kaplan turbine. (A) True (B) False
19. A hydraulic turbine converts the potential energy of water into…(A) Kinetic energy (B)
Heat energy (C) Thermal energy (D) Gravitational energy
20. Turbine requires…(A) High head and low discharge (B) High head and high discharge (C)
Low head and low discharge (D) Low head and high discharge
21. Reaction turbine requires…(A)High head and low discharge (B)High head and high
discharge (C)Low head and low discharge (D)Low head and high discharge
22. Which of the following is an impulse turbine? (A) Pelton turbine (B) Francis’s turbine (C)
Kaplan turbine (D) Propeller turbine
23. Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of…(A) Energy available at the
impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover (B) Actual work done by the
pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover (C) Energy supplied to the
pump to the energy available at the impeller (D) Manometric head to the energy supplied by
the impeller per kN of water
24. If the blades of the axial flow turbine are fixed, these are called (A) Kaplan turbine (B)
Propeller turbine (C) Francis’s turbine (D) Pelton turbine
25. In mixed flow turbines, the water enters the blades ____ and comes out _____ (A) radially,
axially (B) radially, radially (C) axially, radially (D) axially, axially
𝑁√𝑃 𝑁√𝑃 𝑁√𝑃 𝑁√𝑃
26. The specific speed of a turbine is …. (A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7 Where N = Normal
𝐻4 𝐻4 𝐻4 𝐻4
working speed (r.p.m.), P = Power output, H=Net head (in metres)
27. In reaction turbines, the runner utilizes…. (A) Kinetic energy (B) Potential energy (C)
Both kinetic energy and potential energy (D) None of the above

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28. The function of draft tube is to….. (A) increase the pressure of the exiting fluid (B) increase
the Kinetic energy of exiting fluid (C) allow the turbine to be set below tail water level (D)
keep pressure at runner outlet above the atmospheric pressure
29. Cavitation occurs at….. (A) high pressure (B) low pressure (C) atmospheric pressure (D)
none of the above
30. In cavitation, the material fails…… (A) by fatigue (B) due to creep (C) due to impact load
(D) due to fracture
31. The flow rate in the gear pump…… (A) Increases with increase in pressure (B) Decreases
with an increase in pressure (C) More or less remains constant with an increase in pressure
(D) Unpredictable
32. Which component is not provided to Pelton wheel turbine? (A) Jet (B) Penstock (C) Draft
tube (D) Casing
33. If the turbine has kinetic energy and pressure energy of water at its inlet, then such
turbine is known as….. (A) impulse turbine (B) reaction turbine (C) pelton wheel turbine (D)
low head turbine
34. To generate 1000 hp under a head of 81 m while working at a speed of 500 rpm, the
turbine of choice would be…. (A) Kaplan (B) Pelton (C) Francis (D) Bulb
35. A small hydro project is designed to have a head of 35 m at the entry point of turbine.
Which of the following turbines should be mostly selected for efficient operation? (A) Pelton
(B) Turg0 (C) Kaplan (D) Francis
36. A Pelton turbine is…. (A) a reaction turbine (B) both a pressure and reaction turbine (C)
a velocity turbine (D) a pressure turbine
37. In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used…. (A) to run the turbine full (B) to prevent air
to enter the turbine (C) to transport water to downstream (D) to increase the effective head
of water
38. In impulse turbine the total energy at inlet is… (A) pressure energy and kinetic energy
(B) pressure energy (C) kinetic energy (D) mechanical energy
39. Draft tube for a reaction turbine is arranged for.. (A) Safety purpose only (B) Increasing
velocity head (C) Converting kinetic head into pressure head (D) Diverting water only
40. Consider the specific speed ranges of the following turbines: (i) Francis (ii) Kaplan (iii)
Pelton. The increasing order of specific speed is (A) iii, i, ii (B) ii, iii, I (C) i, ii, iii (D) iii, ii, i
41. A Nozzle device is used to convert the… (A) total energy to pressure (B) total energy to
velocity (C) kinetic energy to mechanical energy (D) potential energy to kinetic energy
42. The specific speed of a turbine is the speed of an imaginary turbine, identical to the given
turbine, which …(A) Delivers unit discharge under unit head (B) Delivers unit discharge

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under the unit speed (C) Develops unit power under the unit head (D) Develops unit power
under the unit speed
43. The hydraulic efficiency of an impulse turbine is maximum when the velocity of wheel is
_________ that of the jet velocity. (A) one-fourth (B) one-half (C) three-fourth (D) double
44. A quantity of fluid that leaks from a higher-pressure discharge to a lower pressure
discharge is called______ (A) Slip (B) Heat (C) Friction (D) Pressure
45. Simplest example of single acting reciprocating pump is _______ (A) Mineral ores (B) Whirl
wheels (C) Bicycle tires (D) Syringe
46. In a double acting reciprocating pump, the piston carries suction and expulsion at the
same time. (A) True (B) False
47. Reciprocating pumps are classified according to ___________ (A) Drag force (B) Number of
cylinders (C) Shock waves (D) Flow speed
48. Internal cavitation in reciprocating pumps occurs due to __________ (A) Drag force (B)
Cyclic stress (C) Shock waves (D) Flow speed
49. Operation of reciprocating motion is done by a ________ source (A) Power (B) Energy (C)
Momentum (D) Inertia
50. NPSH is the difference between _______(A) Suction pressure and vapour pressure(B)
Vapour pressure and suction pressure (C) Suction pressure and heat (D) Shaft and head
51. When the NPSH is low, it leads to ________ (A) Breaking (B) Wear (C) Corrosion (D)
Cavitation
52. What is the full form of NPSH in a pump? (A) Net pressure suction head (B) Net positive
suction head (C) Non-pressure suction head (D) Net pressure super head
53. Francis, Kaplan and propeller turbines fall under the category of…. (A) Impulse turbines
(B) Reaction turbines (C) Axial flow turbines (D) Mixed-flow turbines
54. Calculation of NPSH in a turbine is different from the calculation of NPSH in a pump. (a)
True (b) False
55. The flow in which the fluid parameters do not change with respect to time is called .…..(A)
unsteady flow (B) transient (C) steady uniform flow (D) continuous flow
56. The flow in which the fluid parameters change from one point to another is called .…..(A)
uniform flow (B) non-uniform flow (C) steady flow (D) linear flow
57. The tapering pipe is an example of ……….(A) steady uniform flow (B) steady non-uniform
flow (C) unsteady uniform flow (D) unsteady non-uniform flow

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SECTION TWO
1. What is a negative slip of the reciprocating pump and when will it occur?
2. Differentiate between Impulse turbine and Reaction turbine.
3. A Centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 10 m at a design speed of 800
rpm. The vanes are curved backwards and make an angle of 300 with the tangent at the outer
periphery. The impeller diameter is 30cm and has a width of 5 cm at the outlet. Determine
the discharge of the pump if the manometric efficiency is 85%.
4. Water (density 1000 kg 𝑚−3, bulk modulus 2.2 GPa) is flowing at 0.5 m 𝑠 −1 in pipes
of internal diameter 𝐷 = 200 mm and wall thickness 5 mm made of: (i) steel (𝐸 = 210 GPa);
(ii) PVC (𝐸 = 2.6 GPa) when the flow is suddenly halted. Assuming that the walls of the pipe
are not rigid
5. A reaction turbine works at 450rpm under a head of 120m. its diameter at inlet is
120cm and flow area is 0.4𝑚2 . The angles made by absolute and relative velocities at inlet
are 200 and 600 respectively, with the tangential velocity.
Determine i) Volume flow rate ii) the power developed iii) The hydraulic efficiency, 𝜂ℎ .
Assume whirl at outlet is zero.
6. A centrifugal pump has a water head of 25 m with an output of 16 kW. The velocity of
flow is 110 m/s, diameter and width of the impeller of the pump are 13mm and 9 mm
respectively. Determine the overall efficiency of the pump.
7. A double acting reciprocating pump, running at 40 r.p.m. is discharging 1.0𝑚3 of water
per minute. The pump has a stroke of 400 mm. the diameter of piston is 200 mm. the delivery
and suction head are 20m and 5m respectively. Find the slip of the pump and power required
to drive the pump.
8. A single acting reciprocating pump running at 50 r.p.m. delivers 0.01 𝑚3 /𝑠 of water.
The diameter of piston is 200mm and stroke length in 400mm.
Determine:
(i) The theoretical discharge of pump
(ii)Co-efficient of discharge
(iii)Slip and the percentage slip of pump
9. Water (density 1000 kg 𝑚−3, bulk modulus 2.2 GPa) is flowing at 0.5 m 𝑠 −1 in a pipe
when the flow is suddenly halted. Assuming that the walls of the pipe are sufficiently thick
for it to be approximated as rigid, find:
(a) the speed of water hammer waves;
(b) the pressure rise.
10. Show that the overall efficiency of a turbine is given as
𝜂𝑂 = 𝜂𝑚 × 𝜂ℎ where 𝜂𝑚 = 𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 and 𝜂ℎ = ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
11. A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10m/s with a jet of water flowing at the
rate of 700lts/sec under a head of 30 m, the buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 1600 .

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Calculate the power given by the water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine. Assume the co-efficient of velocity=0.98.
12. What is the specific speed of a centrifugal pump delivering water at a rate of 810
litres/sec. and has a manometric head of 16 meters and running at 725 rpm?

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