MC 386 Tutorials

1. The atmospheric air used by an automobile consists of 0.5 % inert gases; 76.5 % nitrogen.
What volume of the air will be required to burn completely 1 mole of methane?

2. An oil fuel contains carbon and hydrogen only is burnt to produce flue gas (dry basis) of:
10.5%CO2; 7.5%O2 and 82%N2. Estimate the gravimetric analysis of the fuel and excess air
supplied.

3. A coal of following analysis: C = 89.3%; H2 = 5%; N2 = 1.5%; S = 0.8%; O2 = 3.4% is used

with 8% ash and 7% moisture. Calculate: (i). Air required for combustion of 1 kg coal as fired;
(ii). Analysis of flue gas (i.e., wet flue gas) resulting from combustion; (iii). Analysis of dry flue
gas resulting from combustion; (iv). Total volume of flue gases leaving the chimney at 120°C
per kg coal as fired (v). Net calorific value of the as fired coal if latent heat of condensing water
is 2454 kJ/kg; GCV of coal = 36000kJ/kg.; volume of gas at STP = 22.4 L.

4.Propane is burned with 50% excess air, which enters a combustion chamber at 25°C. Assuming
complete combustion and a total pressure of 1 atm (101.32 kPa), determine: a) the air-fuel ratio
[kg-air/kg-fuel]; b) the percentage of carbon dioxide by volume in the products; and c) the dew
point temperature of the products.

5. Propane is burnt with atmospheric air, and the volumetric analysis of the dry products of
combustion yields the following: 10% CO2, 2% CO, 3% O2, and 85% N2. Develop the
combustion equation, and determine: a) the percentage of excess air; b) the air-fuel ratio; and c)
Heating Value of the fuel. Given the heat of formations as: CO2(g)(-393520); H2O(g) (-241820);
H2O(l) (-258820); C2H8(g) (-73920); C2H6(g) (-74850); CO(g) (-17270), all in kJ/kmol.

6. (a) A gas engine has a cylinder bore of 50 mm, a stroke of 75 mm and a clearance volume of
21.3 cm3. Find the idea air standard cycle efficiency based on the Otto cycle. (b) In an Otto cycle
air at 1 bar and 290 K is compressed isentropically until the pressure is 15 bar. The heat is added
at constant volume until the pressure rises to 40 bar. Calculate the air standard efficiency and
mean effective pressure for the cycle. Take Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg K and Ro = 8.314 kJ/kg K.

7. The compression ratio of an air standard dual cycle is 12 and the maximum pressure on the
cycle is limited to 70 bar. The pressure and temperature of the cycle at the beginning of

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compression process are 1 bar and 300 K. Calculate the thermal efficiency and Mean Effective
Pressure. Assume cylinder bore is 250 mm, Stroke length is 300 mm, Cp =1.005 kJ/kg K, Cv =
0.718 kJ/kg K.

8 A gas turbine takes in air at 17℃, 1.01 bar and the pressure ratio is 9. The compressor is driven
by the High-Pressure Turbine (HPT) and the Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) drives a separate
shaft. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor, the HPT and the LPT are 0.8; 0.85; and 0.83
respectively. Estimate the pressure and the temperature of gases entering the power turbine, the
net power developed by the unit if the mass flow rate is 15 kg/s and cycle efficiency. Hint: Cpg =
1.15, γ = 1.333, Cpa = 1.005, γ = 1.4, Tmax,Cycle = 650℃

9. A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 14 and a maximum cycle temperature of 700℃. The
isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine are 0.82 and 0.85, respectively.
Determine: the power output of the turbine and the thermal efficiency when air enters the
compressor at 15℃ at the rate of 15 kg/s. Take Cp,air = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.4 for the
compressor process and Cpgas = 1.11 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.333 for expansion process. Draw both
block diagram as well as the T-s diagram.

10. In the Brayton cycle gas turbine power plant, the minimum and maximum temperatures are
300 K and 900 K respectively. Air is compressed from 100 kPa to 1000kPa in a two-stage
compressor with an intercooler between. Consider that the intercooler temperature is equal to the
inlet temperature of the first compressor. Take Cpair = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ =1.4 and Cpgas =
1.15 kJ/kg.K and γ =1.333. The compression ratio between the two stages is equal. Calculate the
thermal efficiency of the plant (39.12%).

11. A diesel engine operating an air standard diesel cycle has 20 cm bore and 30 cm stroke. The
clearance volume is 420 cm3 . If the fuel is injected at 5% of the stroke, find the air standard
efficiency, (52.87%).