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Cell Structure - Transport
Cell Structure - Transport
Miss Petersen
1. Draw an animal and plant cell in your books and label their organelles.
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleus
Permanent vacuole
Cell Membrane
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Microscopy
29. What are the differences between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells?
30. How is DNA arranged in a eukaryotic cell?
31. How is DNA arranged in a prokaryotic cell?
32. What are plasmids?
33. What are flagella?
34. Which types of cells are examples of eukaryotes?
35. State 3 main parts of a eukaryotic cell.
36. Which types of cells are examples of prokaryotes?
37. Which are usually bigger; prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic
cells?
38. What is an ‘order of magnitude’?
39. What cell organelles do bacterial cells NOT have?
Specialised Cells
Cell Transport
Challenge Questions
66. Evaluate the use of electron and light microscopes giving one example where
each type of microscope might be used,
67. Chloroplasts are found in many plant cells but not all of them. Suggest two type of
plant cells that are unlikely to contain chloroplasts and explain why.
68. Describe the process of diffusion occurring in each of these statements. Include
any adaptations in your answers:
- Digested food products move from your gut to your blood stream.
- Male moths can track down a mate from up to 3 miles away because of the
special chemicals produced by a female.
69. Animals that live in fresh water have a constant problem with their water balance.
The Amoeba has a special vacuole in its cell. The vacuole fills with water and then
moves to the outside of the cell and bursts. A new vacuole starts forming straight
away. Explain in terms of osmosis with Amoeba needs one of these vacuoles.
4.1.1 Cell Structure & Transport Past Exam Questions
Draw one line from each cell part to the correct function of that part.
(3)
Which two parts in the diagram above are not found in an animal cell?
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q2. Figure 1 shows a human cheek cell viewed under a light microscope.
Figure 1
© Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images
Differentiation
Mitosis
Specialisation
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) What is the advantage of using the type of microscope you named in part (c)?
Cheaper
Higher magnification
Lower resolution
(1)
(e) The cheek cell in Figure 2 is magnified 250 times.
Figure 2
Use the equation to work out the real width of the cell in mm:
Convert mm to µm _____________________ µm
(3)
0.02 µm
0.2 µm
2.0 µm
20.0 µm
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q3. Cells can be classified according to their structure.
(a) Complete Table 1 to show which features each cell type has.
Table 1
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
(2)
An animal cell
A bacterial cell
A plant cell
(1)
(c) The cell in Figure 1 contains ribosomes.
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(1)
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(e) Give one reason why the cell in Figure 1 does not contain mitochondria.
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(1)
The cell in Figure 1 divides once every 30 minutes.
Table 2 shows how many cells are present after a given time.
Table 2
0 1
30 2
60 4
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Cells like the one in Figure 1 are kept in a culture solution for 25 hours.
(g) Describe the changes in the number of live cells shown in the graph above in the first 20
hours.
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(3)
(h) Suggest one reason why the number of live cells decreases after 20 hours.
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(1)
(Total 12 marks)
Q4.
The image below shows an epithelial cell from the lining of the small intestine.
(a) (i) In the image above, the part of the cell labelled A contains chromosomes.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) How are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells of the
small intestine?
(b) Suggest how the highly folded cell surface helps the epithelial cell to absorb soluble food.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(1)
(c) Epithelial cells also carry out active transport.
(i) Name one food molecule absorbed into epithelial cells by active transport.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
______________________________________________________________
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(1)
______________________________________________________________
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(2)
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q5.
The table shows the concentrations of three mineral ions in the roots of a plant and in the water
in the surrounding soil.
Magnesium 80 3.1
(a) (i) The plant roots could not have absorbed these mineral ions by diffusion.
Explain why.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________(2)
(ii) Name the process by which the plant roots absorb mineral ions.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) How do the following features of plant roots help the plant to absorb mineral ions from the
soil?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
______________________________________________________________
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(2)
______________________________________________________________
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q6.
The image below shows some muscle cells from the wall of the stomach, as seen through a
light microscope.
(a) Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach.
___________________________________________________________________
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(2)
(b) The figure above is highly magnified.
Use a ruler to measure the length of the scale bar and then calculate the magnification of
the figure above.
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(2)
(d) The muscle cells also contain many ribosomes. The ribosomes cannot be seen in the
figure above.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Suggest why the ribosomes cannot be seen through a light microscope.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q7.The diagram shows a cell.
(a) (i) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B .
A ___________________________
B ___________________________
(2)
How can you tell it is an animal cell and not a plant cell?
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells.
an organ.
a tissue.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q8.
The small intestine is lined with millions of villi.
The diagram shows the structure of a villus.
In the small intestine, some of the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood by active
transport.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) How do microvilli and mitochondria help in the active transport of the products of digestion
from the small intestine into the blood?
Microvilli ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Mitochondria ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q9.
(a) The diagrams show what happens to the shape of a plant cell placed in distilled water.
(i) Explain why the cell swells and becomes turgid. Name the process involved.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) Give one feature of the cell wall which allows the cell to become turgid.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Describe the change which will occur if a piece of peeled potato is placed in a
concentrated sugar solution and explain why this change occurs.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q10. The photograph shows part of the surface of a plant root. This part of the root is covered with
hundreds of structures like the one labelled X.
(b) (i) Use the scale to measure the length Y–Z on the photograph.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q11.
Cells contain a solution of salts and sugars.
A student is investigating how cells change when they are put into water.
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(3)
(b) When animal cells are put in water, they swell up, and then burst.
When plant cells are put in water, they swell up, but do not burst.
How does the structure of plant cells prevent them from bursting?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q12. The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Give the names of two parts of the leaf cell that would not be found in a human liver cell.
diffusion.
The oxygen produced by the chloroplasts passes out of the cell by digestion.
respiration.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)