1.

2. What is variable valency? Name two elements having variable valency and state their valencies
3. Explain the rule with example according to which electrons are filled in various energy levels
4. What are isotopes? How does the existence of isotopes contradict Dalton’s atomic theory?
5. What are the observations of the experiment done by Rutherford in order to determine the structure of an
atom?
6. State its one drawback of Rutherford’s atomic model
7. Name three fundamental particles of the atom. Give the symbol with charge, on each particle
8. What do you understand by a chemical bond ?
9. Give one example each of which illustrates the following characteristics of a chemical reaction:
a. evolution of a gas b. change of colour c. change in state
10. How do the following help in bringing about a chemical change?
a. pressure b. light c. temperature d, catalyst
11. Name three biochemical catalysts found in the human body
12. What do you observe when ferrous sulphate solution is added to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide
13. What do you observe when when dilute sulphuric acid is added to barium chloride solution ?
14. Complete and balance the following chemical equations

a.

b.

c.
15. Classify the following reactions

16. Write the molecular formula for the oxide and sulphide of following elements of sodium , hydrogen and
calcium
17. What are the limitations of a chemical equation ?
18. Why do we need to balance a chemical equation ?
19. Give the symbols and valencies of following radicals:
(a) Hydroxide (b) Chloride (c) Carbonate (d) ammonium (e) Nitrate
20. State the law of conservation of mass

21. Write the molecular formulae for the following compounds and name the elements present : sulphuric
acid and nitric acid
22. Define valency
23. Match the statements in Column A with those in Column B.
      Column A               Column B 

1. A metal which reacts with cold water to

1. Reduction 
from hydrogen.
2. A gas which is inflammable and non-
2. Hydrogenation
supporter of combustion  

3. A process in which  vanspati ghee is

3. oxidation 
prepared  from vegitable oils 

 4. The removal ofhydrogen or  addition of

4. sodium
oxygen 

5. The addition of hydrogen or  removal of

5. Hydrogen
oxygen   

24. State four uses of hydrogen: 

25. Define catalytic hydrogenation.
26. Define oxidation and reduction
27. Give reason for the following:
a. Though hydrogen is lighter than air it cannot be collected by downward displacement of air
b. Helium replaced hydrogen in weather observation balloons?
c. Nitric acid not used for the preparation of hydrogen gas?
28.  Name the following :
a. A metal which liberates hydrogen only when steam is passed over red hot metal.
b. The process in which oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed.
c. A metallic oxide which can be reduced into metal by hydrogen.
29. Name the chemicals required to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory
30. How would you show that hydrogen is a non-supporter of combustion?
31. How would you show that hydrogen is a non-supporter of combustion?
32. Name a process by which hydrogen gas is manufactured
33. Define the following:
a. Adsorption b. Bone black
34. Name the following:
a. Substances whose atoms or molecules are not arranged in a geometrical pattern. 
b. The best variety of coal. 
c. The purest form of amorphous carbon. 
d. An amorphous form of carbon that contains about 98% carbon. 
e. Mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. 
35. What is destructive distillation? What are the products formed due to the destructive distillation of coal?
36. Why is wood charcoal used in water filters and gas masks?
37. How is wood charcoal made locally? What other substances are formed in the process.
38. How many carbon atoms are there in Buckminster fullerenes?
39. Name the products formed when:
a. wood is burnt in the absence of air.
b. bone is heated in the absence of air.
c. diamond is burnt in air at 900°C.
 d. graphite is subjected to high pressure and 3000°C temperature
40. Give two uses for  the following:
a. wood charcoal
b. sugar charcoal
c. bone charcoal
d. lampblack
41.  How will you collect carbon dioxide gas in the lanoratory ? Write the balanced chemical equation for the
above reaction
42. Why is sulphuric acid not used for the preparation of carbon dioxide in the laboratory
43. Write the balanced chemical equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide by:
a. heating calcium carbonate.
b. the action of acetic acid on sodium bicarbonate.
c. the action of dilute sulphuric acid on sodium bicarbonate
44. What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water first in small amounts and then in excess ?
45. What happens when a baking mixture containing baking powder is heated?
46. Give reason for the following:
a. An excess of carbon dioxide increases the temperature of the earth.
b. Soda acid and foam types of fire extinguisher are not used for extinguishing electrical fires.
c. Solid carbon dioxide is used for refrigeration of food
47. Explain the term ‘green house effect’. How can it be both beneficial and harmful for life on earth ?
48. Match the colunm 
       column  A         column B
1. A product of incomplete burning  a. Hopcalite     
2. Nature of carbon monoxide  b. Combustible gas 
3. A compound formed by the combination of c. carboxy-haemoglobin
haemoglobin and carbon monoxide 
4. A mixture of metallic oxides  d. Carbon monoxide 
5. Carbon monoxide  e. Highly poisonous

49. Why is carbon monoxide called silent killer ?

50. Explain the reducing action of carbon monoxide.
51. Write two remedies for carbon monoxide poisoning
52. Complete the reactions and balance them.
CuO + CO →
Fe2O3 + CO →
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