Professional Documents
Culture Documents
$SSOLFDWLRQRI0D\QDUG2SHUDWLRQ6HTXHQFH
7HFKQLTXH0267$&DVH6WXG\
$QXMD3DQGH\
IV Semester, M.Tech, Department of Industrial Engineering
Shri Ramdeobaba College Of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
'U96'HVKSDQGH
Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering
Shri Ramdeobaba College Of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
6DQWRVK*XQMDU
Operations Head
Technocrats India Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
$EVWUDFW,QWRGD\¶VILHUFHFRPSHWLWLRQLWLVHVVHQWLDOIRUFRPSDQLHVWRHOLPLQDWHRUUHGXFHLGOHGRZQWLPHRIRSHUDWLRQV
LQDGGLWLRQWRLPSURYHGPHWKRGVRIZRUNLQJWRVXUYLYHLQWKHJOREDOO\H[SDQGLQJVFHQDULR7KHSDSHUSUHVHQWVDFDVHRID
VPDOOVFDOH PDFKLQLQJ XQLW HQJDJHG LQ PDFKLQLQJ RI &\OLQGHU ERG\ SDUW DQG 9DOYH ERG\ SDUW RI WUDFWRU HQJLQH 7KH
LGHQWLILHG DUHDV RI LPSURYHPHQW DUH PDQSRZHU XWLOL]DWLRQ DQG HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI FDSDFLW\ EDVHG RQ VFLHQWLILF
LQYHVWLJDWLRQ7KHVWXG\KLJKOLJKWHGWKHQHHGWRHVWDEOLVKDVWDQGDUGWLPHIRUDFWLYLWLHVSODQQHGDLVOHVDQGVWUHDPOLQLQJ
WKH PDWHULDO IORZ :RUNVWDWLRQV ZHUH D PDMRU IRFXV DQG ZHUH UHDUUDQJHG DV SHU WKH SULQFLSOHV RI PHWKRG VWXG\ DQG
HUJRQRPLFV7LPHVWDQGDUGVKDYHEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGIRU&1&PDFKLQHDQGFRQYHQWLRQDOGULOOLQJPDFKLQH&DSDFLW\RI
WKHYDOYHERG\VHFWLRQLVGHWHUPLQHGEDVHGRQWKHLPSURYHGZRUNLQJFRQGLWLRQV3UHVHQWPHWKRGLPSURYHVWKHPDQSRZHU
XWLOL]DWLRQE\XSWRE\UHGXFLQJRIH[FHVVPDQSRZHU
.H\ZRUGV±0D\QDUG¶V2SHUDWLRQ6HTXHQFH7HFKQLTXH0267%RWWOHQHFNVPDQSRZHUXWLOL]DWLRQ
,,1752'8&7,21
7KH DGYHQW RI WHFKQRORJ\ KDV VHHQ EXVLQHVVHV HPSKDVL]H RQ GLYHUVLILFDWLRQ DQG FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV LQ HVWDEOLVKLQJ
PDUNHW VKDUH 0DQXIDFWXULQJ FRPSDQLHV DUH RIWHQ XQDEOH WR PHHW FXVWRPHU GHPDQGV ZKLFK PD\ KDSSHQ GXH WR
YDULRXV UHDVRQV VXFK DV LPSURSHU UHVRXUFH DOORFDWLRQ DQG XWLOL]DWLRQ 5HVRXUFH DOORFDWLRQ DQG DVVHVVPHQW RI WKH
PDQSRZHU UHTXLUHPHQW FDQ EH JDXJHG RQ WZR IDFWRUV 7KH PDQSRZHU HPSOR\HG LV HLWKHU LQ H[FHVV WR WKH
UHTXLUHPHQWRULQVRPHFDVHVLQVKRUWDJH$QRWKHUFRQFHUQLVWKHUHVRXUFHXWLOL]DWLRQOHYHOZKLFKODUJHO\GHSHQGV
RQWKHZD\RIGRLQJZRUNDQGWRROVXVHG,QERWKFDVHVWKHUHVRXUFHDOORFDWLRQDQGXWLOL]DWLRQGLUHFWO\RULQGLUHFWO\
DIIHFWWKHSURILWDELOLW\RIDEXVLQHVVDVPRUHZDJHVIRUH[WUDODERURUKLJKSHQDOW\IRUODWHGHOLYHULHVQHHGWREHSDLG
E\WKHPDQXIDFWXUHU7KXVQHFHVVDU\PHDVXUHVDUHWREHLQLWLDWHGWRVXVWDLQWKHFRPSHWLWLYHQHVVRIDEXVLQHVVLQWKH
PDUNHWDQGWRLQFUHDVHSURGXFWLYLW\
$V D SDUW RI VWUDWHJ\ SURGXFWLYLW\ FDQ EH LPSURYHG E\ DSSO\LQJ WKH µZRUN DQG WLPH PHDVXUHPHQW¶ WHFKQLTXHV
3URGXFWLYLW\ FDQ EH HQKDQFHG E\ GHILQLQJ SURSHU ZRUNLQJ PHWKRGV DQG VWDQGDUG WLPH PD[LPL]LQJ WKH UHVRXUFH
XWLOL]DWLRQDQGEDODQFLQJRIZRUNDPRQJZRUNVWDWLRQVHWF2QHRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQPHWKRGVXVHGLQLQGXVWULHVIRU
GHWHUPLQLQJWKHVWDQGDUGDFWLYLW\WLPHLVWKH0HWKRGV7LPH0HDVXUHPHQW070GHYHORSHGLQIRUGLYLGLQJ
WKH RSHUDWLRQV LQWR EDVLF PRWLRQV *HQQDG\ HW DO 7KH GHWDLOHG QDWXUH RI 070 OHDGV WR D QXPEHU RI
GUDZEDFNVVXFKDVWKHWHGLRXVQHVVRIZRUNWKHKDQGOLQJRIDKXJHDPRXQWRIGHWDLOHGGDWDGXULQJWKHLUDSSOLFDWLRQ
DQGHWF0D\QDUGSURSRVHGWKHFRQFHSWRI0D\QDUG2SHUDWLRQ6HTXHQFH7HFKQLTXH0267LQWRRYHUFRPH
WKHVHGUDZEDFNV7KH0267LVDWHFKQLTXHXVHGWRDQDO\]HWKHRSHUDWLRQVRUVXERSHUDWLRQVLQWHUPVRIWLPHE\
SHUIRUPLQJ VHYHUDO PHWKRGV VWHSV DQG VHTXHQFHV ,Q RWKHU ZRUGV LW LV D SUHGHWHUPLQHG PRWLRQ WLPH PHWKRG WKDW
DLPVWRGHILQHWKHVWDQGDUGWLPH
,QWKLVSDSHULQYHVWLJDWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWRQDPDFKLQLQJOLQHRIDQDXWRPRWLYHYHQGRUFRPSDQ\7KHDLPLV WR
9ROXPH,VVXH)HEUXDU\ ,661±
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
LGHQWLI\ DQG PLQLPL]H WKH 1RQ 9DOXH DGGHG $FWLYLWLHV 19$ VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ RI ZRUN PHWKRG DQG WLPH
PD[LPL]LQJ WKH XWLOL]DWLRQ RI UHVRXUFHV 7KH SULQFLSOHV RI PHWKRG VWXG\ DQG HUJRQRPLFV DORQJ ZLWK 0267 DUH
DSSOLHGIRUVHWWLQJWKHWLPHVWDQGDUGVDORQJZLWKLPSURYHGPHWKRGRIZRUNLQJ
,,%$6,&0267
0267LVDZRUNPHDVXUHPHQWWHFKQLTXHLQWURGXFHGWRFRPSLOHWKHVWDQGDUGZRUNWLPHDQGPD[LPL]HWKHUHVRXUFH
XWLOL]DWLRQE\LPSURYLQJWKHZRUNLQJPHWKRG7KRXJK0D\QDUGILUVWLQWURGXFHGWKHFRQFHSWRI0267LQLWV
LQGXVWULDODSSOLFDWLRQKDGEHJXQIURPLQWKHIRUPRI%DVLF0267,QWKH%DVLF0267ZDVPRGLILHGDQG
QDPHGDV&OHULFDO0267IRUSHUIRUPLQJDGPLQLVWUDWLYHDQGFOHULFDOZRUNLQSURGXFWLRQDQGVHUYLFHLQGXVWULHV7KHUH
DUH WKUHH JHQHUDO YHUVLRQV RI WKH 0267 IRXQG LQ OLWHUDWXUH LH %DVLF 0267 0LQL 0267 DQG 0D[L 0267 7R
SHUIRUPDPDQXDOZRUNWKH%DVLFPRVWGHILQHVDVHTXHQFHRIWKUHHDFWLRQVQDPHO\*HQHUDO0RYH&RQWURO0RYH
DQG7RRO8VH
A. General Move –
7KH IUHH PRYHPHQW RI D VWXGLHG REMHFW LQ DLU DUH H[SODLQHG DQG FDWHJRUL]HG XQGHU WKH *HQHUDO 0RYH 6HTXHQFH
0RGHO,QEULHIWKH*HQHUDO0RYHPRGHOIROORZVWKH6HTXHQFHRI*(7387DQG5(7851LH_$%*__$%3_
DQG_$_$QH[SODQDWLRQRIWKHSDUDPHWHUV$%*DQG3DUHJLYHQLQ7DEOH
7DEOH3DUDPHWHUVXVHGLQ*HQHUDO0RYH
5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ $ % & 3
'HVFULSWLRQ $FWLRQ'LVWDQFH %RG\0RWLRQ *DLQ&RQWURO 3ODFHPHQW
B. Control Move –
7KH&RQWURO0RYH6HTXHQFH0RGHOLVXVHGWRVWXG\WKHPRYHPHQWRIDVWXGLHGHOHPHQWZKLOHLWLVLQFRQWDFWZLWK
VXUIDFHRUDWWDFKHGZLWKRWKHUREMHFWV7KHFRQWUROPRYHPRGHOKDVVHTXHQFHRI*(7029(RU$&78$7(DQG
5(7851SKDVHVLH_$%*__0;,_DQG_$_$QH[SODQDWLRQRIWKHSDUDPHWHUV$%*0;DQG,DUHJLYHQLQ
7DEOH
7DEOH3DUDPHWHUVXVHGLQ&RQWURO0RYH
5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ $ % & 0 ; ,
C. Tool Use –
7KH7RRO8VH6HTXHQFHLVXVHGWRH[SODLQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWRROGXULQJWKHDVVHPEO\RUSURGXFWLRQ7KH7RRO8VH
PRGHO FRQVLVWV RI D 6HTXHQFH RI *(7 722/ 3/$&( 722/ 722/ $&7,21 3/$&( 722/ DQG 5(7851
SKDVHVLH_$%*__$%3__8__$%3_DQG_$_$QH[SODQDWLRQRIWKHSDUDPHWHUV$%*3DQG8DUHJLYHQLQ
7DEOH7KH7RROSKDVHLQFOXGHV))DVWHQ//RRVHQ&&XW66XUIDFH7UHDW00HDVXUH55HFRUGDQG7
7KLQN
7DEOH3DUDPHWHUVXVHGLQ7RRO8VH
5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ $ % & 3 8
9ROXPH,VVXH)HEUXDU\ ,661±
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
7DEOH8QLWFRQYHUVLRQWDEOH
708 +285 +285 708
708 0,187( 0,187( 708
708 6(&21' 6(&21' 708
,,,&$6(678'<
7KLVFDVHVWXG\ZDVFRQGXFWHGLQDQDXWRSDUWYHQGRUILUP7KLVILUPLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHPDFKLQLQJRSHUDWLRQRI
F\OLQGHUKHDGDQGYDOYHERG\SDUWVUHTXLUHGIRUWUDFWRUHQJLQHV7KHILUPLVGLYLGHGLQWRPDMRUWKUHHGHSDUWPHQWV
QDPHO\F\OLQGHUKHDGSDUWPDFKLQLQJYDOYHERG\SDUWPDFKLQLQJDQG3UHGLVSDWFKLQVSHFWLRQDUHD3UHVHQWVWXG\LV
IRFXVHGRQYDOYHERG\SDUWPDFKLQLQJGHSDUWPHQW7KH0DFKLQLQJXQLWFRQVLVWVRI&1&PDFKLQHUHIHUUHGWRDV
90&DQGRQHFRQYHQWLRQDO'ULOOLQJ0&7KHIORZRIPDWHULDOLVDVVKRZQLQILJXUH7KH
IORZRIPDWHULDOVWDUWVIURP90&DQGIORZVVXEVHTXHQWO\WRWKHRWKHUPDFKLQLQJXQLWDVVKRZQ7KHLQSXWRIRQH
PDFKLQHLVGHSHQGHQWRQWKHRXWSXWRISUHYLRXVPDFKLQHXQLWLQWKHIORZ7KHVWXG\LVFRQGXFWHGIRUHDFKPDFKLQLQJ
XQLWEUHDNLQJGRZQDFWLYLWLHVLQWRHOHPHQWVIRU0267FDOFXODWLRQ
3UH'LVSDWFK
,QVSHFWLRQ
)LJD3URFHVV)ORZRI0DWHULDO
7RVKRZWKHGDWDH[WUDFWLRQSURFHVVLQOLQHZLWKWKH0267DQDO\VLVDEULHIH[SODQDWLRQLVJLYHQEHORZE\WDNLQJWKH
H[DPSOHRIDQHOHPHQWDODFWLYLW\SHUIRUPHGWR3LFNDQG3ODFHSDUWRQ0DFKLQHDW90&,WSHUIRUPVUHDUSDUW
SURILOLQJRIWKHYDOYHERG\SDUW
7DEOH6DPSOHRIGDWDH[WUDFWLRQDQG0267FDOFXODWLRQ
61 0HWKRG'HVFULSWLRQ ,QGH[9DOXH )UHTXHQF\ 0RYH
0RYH6WHSVEHQGSLFN9DOYH%RG\DQGSODFH *HQHUDO
$%*$%3$
ZLWKDGMXVWPHQWRQWKHIL[WXUH 0RYH
5HDFK*UDVS)L[WXUH5HDFK3ODFHZLWK$GMXVWPHQW *HQHUDO
$%*$%3$
RQ9DOYH%RG\ 0RYH
$%*$%37
5HDFK*UDVS%ROWWLJKWHQZLWKILQJHUVSLQV 7RRO8VH
$%3$
5HDFK*UDVSZUHQFK5HDFKSXWRQEROW)DVWHQ $%*$%37
7RRO8VH
$UPV6WURNHV5HDFKSXW$VLGH $%3$
6DPSOH&DOFXODWLRQ
)RUPXOD7LPH 6XPRILQGH[YDOXH;$VVLJQHG9DOXHIRU%DVLF0RVWLH;)UHTXHQF\8QLWLQ708
(OHPHQW708[[ 708V
(OHPHQW708[[ 708V
(OHPHQW708[[ 708V
(OHPHQW708[[ 708V
727$/708; 6HFRQGV
9ROXPH,VVXH)HEUXDU\ ,661±
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
6LPLODUSURFHGXUHKDVEHHQDGRSWHGLQDVVLJQLQJWKHLQGH[YDOXHVIRUHVWLPDWLQJWKHHOHPHQWDOWLPHVLQYROYHGLQDOO
RWKHURSHUDWLRQVFRQGXFWHG7KHUHOHYDQWGDWDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH7KHWLPHXQLWLVLQPLQXWHV
7DEOH(VWLPDWHGYDOXHVIRUDOORSHUDWLRQ
0DQXDO:RUN&RQWHQW
6SUD\LQJ
2SHUDWLRQ 708 2QOLQH 2IIOLQH 3URFHVV7LPH &\FOH7LPH
2SHUDWLRQ
90&
90&
90&
90&
&RQYHQWLRQDO
'ULOOLQJ0&
90&
90&
90&
,90(7+2'2/2*<
$QDO\VLV RI WKH H[LVWLQJ ZRUN PHWKRG DORQJ ZLWK LWV WLPH FRQWHQW KDV UHYHDOHG WKH YDULRXV DUHDV RI LPSURYHPHQW
VXFKDVHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIZRUNPHWKRGVEDVHGRQVFLHQWLILFWHFKQLTXHVVHWWLQJRIWLPHVWDQGDUGV'XHWRWKHDEVHQFH
RI SUHGHILQHG VWDQGDUG WLPH ZRUNLQJ PHWKRGV DQG ODFN RI SUDFWLFH RI DGYDQFHG WHFKQLTXHV ZDVWDJHV VXFK DV
XQSODQQHGZDONLQJGLVWDQFHPDWHULDOZDVWDJHVDQGLPEDODQFHLQWKHPDWHULDOIORZWKHQRQYDOXHDGGHGDFWLYLWLHV
ZHUHQRWLFHG3ULQFLSOHV RIPHWKRG VWXG\DQG HUJRQRPLFV ZHUHXVHG IRU LPSURYHPHQW RIZRUNVWDWLRQ GHVLJQ 7KH
0267 WHFKQLTXH LV LPSOHPHQWHG IRU LGHQWLI\LQJ WKH ERWWOHQHFNV DQG 1RQ 9DOXH $GGHG $FWLYLW\ 19$ RI WKH
SURGXFWLRQ OLQH DV ZHOO DV VHWWLQJ WLPH VWDQGDUG 7KH ZKROH PHWKRGRORJ\ LV DUUDQJHG LQ WZR GLIIHUHQW VHFWLRQV
QDPHO\%RWWOHQHFNLGHQWLILFDWLRQVDQG'HILQLQJWKHVFRSHRILPSURYHPHQWV
A. Bottleneck Identification –
2QWKHEDVLVRIWKH0267DQDO\VLVVRPHRIWKHVFRSHRILPSURYHPHQWLQWKHVWXGLHGOLQHIRUWKHUHDUYDOYHERG\
SDUWKDVEHHQLGHQWLILHGDQGSRVVLEOHVROXWLRQVRILQFRUSRUDWLQJWKHDGYDQFHGUHVRXUFHVDUHSURSRVHGDFFRUGLQJO\
7KH 0267 DQDO\VLV LV XVHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ WR GHWHUPLQH WKH 19$ DFWLYLWLHV XQQHFHVVDU\ PRYHPHQWV DQG WKH
ERWWOHQHFNV RI WKH ZKROH OLQH 7KH ERWWOHQHFNV LQ WKLV VWXG\ DUH YLHZHG IURP WZR GLIIHUHQW SHUVSHFWLYHV LH
ERWWOHQHFNZRUNVWDWLRQVZLWKLQWKHPDFKLQLQJOLQHDQGWKHERWWOHQHFNWDVNVZLWKLQHDFKZRUNVWDWLRQV7KHERWWOHQHFN
ZRUNVWDWLRQLQWKHSURGXFWLRQOLQHFDQEHHDVLO\LGHQWLILHGDVWKHVWDWLRQKDYLQJWKHPD[LPXPF\FOHWLPH6LPLODUO\
ZLWKLQWKHZRUNVWDWLRQWDVNVKDYLQJWKHPD[LPXPDFWLYLW\WLPHFDQEHLGHQWLILHGDVERWWOHQHFNWDVNV7KHHOHPHQWDO
WLPHV SUHVHQWHG LQ 7DEOH DUH XVHG WR LGHQWLI\ WKH ERWWOHQHFN WDVN ZLWKLQ WKH ZRUNVWDWLRQV 7KH 7LPH XQLW LV LQ
PLQXWHV)URPWKHWDEOHLWFDQEHLGHQWLILHGWKDW90&LVERWWOHQHFNVWDWLRQ
7DEOH%RWWOHQHFN,GHQWLILFDWLRQ
2SHUDWLRQ &\FOH7LPH &DSDFLW\6KLIW &DSDFLW\'D\
9ROXPH,VVXH)HEUXDU\ ,661±
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
7DEOH3UHVHQWUHVRXUFHXWLOL]DWLRQ
3UHVHQW
2SHUDWLRQ 0DQXDO:RUN&RQWHQW 3URFHVV7LPH &\FOH7LPH ,GOH0DQ7LPH ,GOH
'HSOR\PHQW
90&
90&
90&
90&
&RQYHQWLRQDO
'ULOOLQJ0&
90&
90&
90&
7RWDO1XPEHURI0DQ'HSOR\HG2QOLQH
7KHPDQSRZHUDOORFDWLRQFDEEHUHVFKHGXOHGDVSHUVRQHDFKRQPDFKLQHV90&90&DQGRQ90&
90&7KXVPDQSRZHUXWLOL]DWLRQLVLPSURYHG7KHSURSRVHGPDQSRZHUXWLOL]DWLRQLVDVVKRZQLQWDEOH
7DEOH3URSRVHGUHVRXUFHXWLOL]DWLRQ
0DQXDO:RUN 3URSRVHG
2SHUDWLRQ 3URFHVV7LPH &\FOH7LPH ,GOH7LPH ,GOH
&RQWHQW 'HSOR\PHQW
90&
90&
90&
90&
&RQYHQWLRQDO
'ULOOLQJ0&
90&
90&
90&
7RWDO1XPEHURI0DQ'HSOR\HG2QOLQH
95(68/7
%\ DSSO\LQJ WKH 0267 WHFKQLTXH SURFHVV IORZ ZRUNLQJ SURFHGXUH DOVR FDOOHG VWDQGDUG RSHUDWLRQ SURFHGXUH
623DQGOD\RXWRIWKHSODQWLWFDQEHHDVLO\LGHQWLILHGWKDWWKHZRUNVWDWLRQF\FOHWLPHFDQSRVVLEO\EHUHGXFHGE\
PRGLI\LQJPHWKRGRIZRUNLQJ$VDUHVXOWIDWLJXHH[SHULHQFHGE\WKHRSHUDWRUZRXOGEHGHOD\HGDQGHQDEOLQJWKHP
WRZRUNIRUORQJHUKRXUVFRQVLVWHQWO\LQWHUPVRITXDOLW\DQGUDWHRISURGXFWLRQ7KXVE\DSSOLFDWLRQRI0267DQG
FDOFXODWLRQVWDQGDUGWLPHWKHUHVRXUFHVFDQEHGHSOR\HGLQWKHPRVWHIILFLHQWZD\7KXVDQDQWLFLSDWHGLQFUHDVHLQ
WKHPDQSRZHUXWLOL]DWLRQRIDERXWDQGUHGXFWLRQLQPDQSRZHUIURPSUHYLRXVGHSOR\PHQWRIPDQRQOLQHWR
PDQIRUWKHVDPHZRUN
9,&21&/86,21
3URSRVHG PHWKRG RI YDOYH ERG\ VHFWLRQ LPSURYHV WKH PDQSRZHU XWLOL]DWLRQ E\ XS WR E\ UHGXFWLRQ RI RI H[FHVV
9ROXPH,VVXH)HEUXDU\ ,661±
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
PDQSRZHU7KLVHQKDQFHVWKHFDSDFLW\RIYDOYHERG\GHSDUWPHQW
5()(5(1&(6
>@ %HORNDU 5 0 'KXOO < 1DLQ 6 DQG 1DLQ 6 2SWLPL]DWLRQ RI 7LPH E\ (OLPLQDWLRQ RI 8QSURGXFWLYH $FWLYLWLHV WKURXJK µ0267¶
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLYH7HFKQRORJ\DQG([SORULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ,-,7((9ROQRSS
>@ *HQDLG\ $ 0 0LWDO $ DQG 2EHLGDW 0 7KH YDOLGLW\ RI SUHGHWHUPLQHG PRWLRQ WLPH V\VWHPV LQ VHWWLQJ SURGXFWLRQ VWDQGDUGV IRU
LQGXVWULDOWDVNV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QGXVWULDO(UJRQRPLFVYROQRSS
>@ *XSWD 0 3 . DQG &KDQGUDZDW 0 6 6 7R LPSURYH ZRUN IRUFH SURGXFWLYLW\ LQ D PHGLXP VL]H PDQXIDFWXULQJ HQWHUSULVH E\ 0267
7HFKQLTXH,265-RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJ,265-(19ROQRSS
>@ -DPLO0*6D[HQD$DQG0U9LYHN$JQLKRWUL02SWLPL]DWLRQRI3URGXFWLYLW\E\:RUN)RUFH0DQDJHPHQWWKURXJK(UJRQRPLFVDQG
6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ RI 3URFHVV $FWLYLWLHV XVLQJ 0267 $QDO\VLV$ &DVH 6WXG\ *OREDO -RXUQDO RI 5HVHDUFKHV ,Q (QJLQHHULQJ YRO QR
>@ KWWSZZZLLLHSXQHFRPPRVWKWP
>@ KWWSIDFXOW\NIXSPHGXVD6(DWDKLU6(&KDSWHU3UHGHWHUPLQHG0RWLRQ7LPH6\VWHPVSSW
>@ KWWSZZZKSFQHWRUJ
>@ KWWSKLJKHUHGPKHGXFDWLRQFRP
9ROXPH,VVXH)HEUXDU\ ,661±