NACA Profile Introduction

The NACA2421 air foil is another member of the NACA air foil series, developed by the National
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. These air foils were meticulously designed through extensive wind
tunnel testing and analysis to provide engineers with standardized shapes that exhibit predictable and well-
documented aerodynamic characteristics. The four-digit designation assigned to each NACA air foil
provides valuable information about its shape and performance.

The first digit of "2" indicates that the NACA2421 airfoil has a maximum camber of 2% of the chord
length. It is a cambered airfoil, meaning the upper and lower surfaces differ in curvature.

The second digit, "4," represents the position of the maximum camber along the chord line. It is expressed
as a percentage of the chord length, ranging from 0 to 9. In the case of NACA2421, the maximum camber
is positioned at 40% of the chord length.

The last two digits, "21," indicate the maximum thickness of the airfoil. In this example, the maximum
thickness is 21% of the chord length.

To summarize, the NACA2421 airfoil is a cambered airfoil with a maximum camber of 2% at 40% of the
chord length and a maximum thickness of 21%.

The NACA2421 airfoil is commonly used in applications where a balance between lift and drag is desired.
Its cambered shape allows for improved lift characteristics compared to symmetric air foils, making it
suitable for various aerodynamic requirements, including low-speed flight or applications that prioritize
lift and drag optimization.

Due to its specific camber and thickness values, the NACA2421 airfoil offers engineers the ability to fine-
tune performance parameters based on the desired aircraft or application requirements. Its well-
documented characteristics make it suitable for a range of general-purpose uses, such as small aircraft
wings, propellers, and other applications that operate at moderate speeds.

While the NACA airfoil series has been widely used as a foundation for airfoil design, it's important to
note that modern airfoil shapes have evolved with advancements in computational fluid dynamics and
other design methodologies. These advancements have led to the development of air foils with enhanced
performance, incorporating features such as laminar flow control and customized modifications tailored
to specific aircraft requirements.
NACA0024 Aairfoill
The NACA0024 airfoil is another member of the NACA airfoil series, developed by the National
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Let's explore the characteristics and design features of the
NACA0024 airfoil:

Camber: The NACA0024 airfoil has no camber, which means it is symmetric. Both the upper and
lower surfaces of the airfoil have the same shape when divided by the chord line. The first digit of
the designation, "0," indicates zero camber.

Maximum Camber Position: Since the airfoil is symmetric, the maximum camber position does not
have practical significance. The second digit of the designation, also "0," indicates that the maximum
camber is located at 0% of the chord length.

Maximum Thickness: The NACA0024 airfoil has a maximum thickness of 24% of the chord length.
The last two digits of the designation, "24," indicate the maximum thickness value.

To summarize, the NACA0024 airfoil is a symmetric airfoil with zero camber and a maximum
thickness of 24% of the chord length.

The NACA0024 airfoil is commonly used in applications where a balance between lift and drag is
important. Its symmetric shape makes it suitable for certain aerodynamic requirements, such as low-
speed flight or situations where lift and drag need to be optimized.

Due to its relatively high thickness compared to other NACA air foils, the NACA0024 airfoil offers
structural strength and a higher lift coefficient, making it suitable for various general-purpose uses.
This airfoil can be found in applications such as small aircraft wings, wind turbine blades, hydrofoils,
and other low-speed scenarios.

It's worth noting that the NACA airfoil series offers a range of airfoil shapes with varying camber,
thickness, and lift characteristics. Engineers select the appropriate airfoil based on specific design
requirements and desired performance parameters for their particular aircraft or application.
 Procedure for creation of velocity and pressure profile of NACA 0024:

1. First of all, creation of air foil 0018 has been done via uploading coordinates.

Figure 1: Step 01

2. Now a sketch of semicircle is created to for the sake of enclosure.

Figure 2: Step 02
3. 3Now make a surface from the sketch for both airfoil and semicircle.

Figure 3: Step 03

4. Apply the Boolean subtract on both of bodies as shown in the figure.

Figure 4: Step 04
5. Apply the meshing of suitable element size enough to minimize the errors. Also apply
edge meshing, refine mesh to improve the mesh quality. And rename the edges as inlet,
walls and outlet.

Figure 5: Step 05
6. Select the air as fluid.

Figure 6: Step 06
7. Now set the velocity magnitude as 5 m/s at inlet of the airfoil.

Figure 7: Step 07

8. Now set the required variables.

Figure 8: Step 08
9. Initialize the hybrid initialization and set up the boundary conditions before. Then run the
calculations on 500 iterations.

Figure 9: Step 9
10. The pressure contour is obtained and shown in the figure below.

Figure 10: Step 10

11. The velocity contour is obtained and shown in the figure below.

Figure 11: Step 11

12. The velocity streamline is obtained and shown in the figure below.

Figure 12: Step 12

13. Drag force and lift force is shown on different angles.

Figure 13: Step 13