Teesside.

cn

Demand Response in Blocks of

Buildings – EU research project
Dr Vladimir Vukovic
Senior Research Lecturer in BIM and Energy Reduction in Built
Environment
Deputy Director of DTA Energy

Nov 7, 2018
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DR-BOB video

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Agenda
• Introduction
• Demand Response in Blocks of Buildings
• The future

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Global warming

IPCC 2005 Synthesis Report

Global net emissions of carbon dioxide would need to fall by 45% from 2010 levels by
2030 and reach "net zero" around 2050 in order to keep the warming around 1.5C
(IPCC, 2018).
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Estimated economic potential for global CO2

China’s CO2 emissions
emission mitigation (IPCC, 2007)
(1980-2015)

IPCC 2005 Synthesis Report

Key China Energy Statistics

(LBNL, 2016)

Global net emissions of carbon dioxide would need to fall by

45% from 2010 levels by 2030 and reach "net zero" around
2050 in order to keep the warming around 1.5C (IPCC, 2018)
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What is Peak demand ?

 Large peaks in
demand are caused
by lots of people
using electricity at
the same time
 Peak demand
fluctuations occur on
daily seasonal &
The contribution of electric home heating (purple) to yearly cycles
French electricity demand, Sept 2011- Aug 2012, daily
averages. Image from Renewables International
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What is demand
response ?

• Demand Response involves consumers shifting or

reducing their electricity usage during peak periods
in response to time-based tariffs & other financial
incentives
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Energy Demand Example:

UK, Oct 2018

UK Electricity National Grid Demand

and Output per Production Type,
http://gridwatch.co.uk/

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Energy Demand Example:

Spain, Oct 23 2018

Real-time demand and generation,

Red Eléctrica de Espana,
https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/penin
sula/demanda/total/2018-10-23

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The problem!
• Traditionally we matched electricity
demand & supply by controlling the rate
of generation to meet peak demand
• Renewable electricity decreases control
• Electric cars set to increase peak demand
– Potential 40% increase in morning
peaks & 60% increase evening peaks
by in the UK by 2030

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Why is peak demand a problem?

• High peak demand increases energy costs
– Maximum demand even if it is reached only
once a year dictates the size of generators
transmission lines transformers & circuit
breakers
– Power generation which can be ramped up
quickly often uses more expensive fuels is less
efficient & has higher marginal carbon
emissions
• If peak demand > maximum supply levels,
power outages & load shedding can occur
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Solution: demand response

Flexibility Efficiency

• Types of Demand Response

– Implicit
– Explicit

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Implicit demand response

• Time-varying electricity
prices or time-varying
network grid tariffs that
reflect the value & cost of
electricity &/or
transportation in different
time periods
• i.e. EDF’s peak / off-peak
hours, “EJP” & Tempo tariff

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Explicit demand response

• Direct payments to change
consumption (or generation)
patterns upon request, triggered by
– activation of balancing energy,
differences in electricity prices
– a constraint on the network.
• Consumers earn from their
consumption flexibility individually
or by contracting with an
• Aggregated demand side
aggregator
resources are traded in the
– either a third party aggregator or the
wholesale balancing & customer’s supplier
capacity markets
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Opportunities for Demand Response

in Buildings
 Buildings in the household & service sector
use over 40% of the energy in the EU
 Offering a huge untapped potential for
demand response
 But the aggregation of this demand
response flexibility is required to exploit
this potential
 For example 10 MW capacity is
necessary to access the French
balancing market
 1 MW can power 600-1000 homes

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Agenda
• Introduction
• Demand Response in Blocks of Buildings
• The future

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Teesside University, UK, Project Demand Response in Blocks of

Coordinator
Buildings
Centre Scientifique et Technique du
Bâtiment, France
EU H2020 funded Innovation
project
Siemens Energy Management Division, UK
Mar 2016 – Feb 2019
R2M Solution, Italy 10 partners, 5 EU countries, 4
NOBATEK, France
demos
Grid Pocket SAS, France

Duneworks BV, Netherlands

Fondazione Poliambulanza, Italy

Servelect, Romania
March 3, 2016 / Teesside University

Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca,

Romania

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Aim of DR BOB
– To demonstrate the economic & environmental
benefits of demand response in blocks of buildings
for the actors required to bring it to market
– These actors include but are not restricted to
• Distribution Network Operators (DNOs)
• Energy Retailers
• Transmission Service Operators (TSOs)
• Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)
• IT providers
• Aggregators
• Facilities owners & managers

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Explicit demand response market is

developing

Source Smart Energy

Demand Coalition:
Mapping demand
response in Europe
today (2015).

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Example: Explicit Demand Response Markets in the UK
Market type Characteristics
Short term operating reserve Demand or supply regulation in case of
(STOR) short term supply interruptions
Capacity market Supply payments for power reserve
Triads - Transmission Network Use Demand charges during 3 annual half-
of System charges hour peaks across UK
Distribution Use of Systems (DUoS) Demand daily time of use tariff
Frequency response Demand or supply second notice
Fast reserve Supply with fast (within 2 min) delivery
Retail supply side contract hedging Demand day ahead notice by retailers to Crosbie, T., Vukovic, V.,
Short, M., Dawood, N.,
offset peak supply prices Charlesworth, R. and
Brodrick, P., Future
DNO Traditional Network Demand 24hr notice by DNOs to avoid Demand Response
Services for Blocks of
Reinforcement Offset planned outages Buildings, in Smart Grid
Inspired Future
Avoided curtailment Demand increase at times of peak Technologies (Hu, J. et
al. Eds.) (2016).
renewable energy availability
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 DR BOB Architecture

 System architecture
and technologies
 A scalable cloud
based central
management system
 Local real-time
energy management
solution
 Defined demonstration
scenarios and use
cases
 Defined business
models

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How did we develop DR-BOB?

– Idea originated from FP7 project IDEAS

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Intelligent Neighbourhood Energy
Allocation and Supervision

www.IDEASproject.eu
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Talking with the industry is the key

• Distributed Energy Management System (DEMS™) -
Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
• Demand Response Management System (DRMS)

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Add research results

• Innovative demand forecasting and
optimisation algorithm

Advancing TRL:
TRL 6 (technology demonstrated in
relevant environment) to TRL 7 (system
prototype demonstration in operational
environment)

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And user interfaces

Dashboard Analysis

Advices Rewards

Demand response and control Boutique

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And some other key players

• ESCO

• Ambitious demonstration

• Independent evaluators of results and

exploitation experts

• Energy expert group (letters of support)

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DR BOB solution implemented

at four demonstration sites
 A scalable cloud based central
management system
 Local real-time energy optimisation Campus at
Teesside University
 Currently ongoing demonstration in Middlesbrough, UK

and use case trials

Business park in
Market Emulator Anglet, France

Local
Consumer API Demand Response
Energy
Portal Manager
Mgr.
A hospital complex in
Brescia, Italy

Campus at
TUCN in Cluj-
Napoca, Romania

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DR BOB implementation

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Setup

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 DR-BOB is seeking to reduce the
cost of introducing smart grids
 European electricity
networks require 600 billion
of investments by 2020
 400 billion of these
investments are required in
distribution networks
Eurelectric (2013). Power distribution in
Europe: facts & figures. Union of the
Electricity Industry

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Agenda
• Introduction
• Demand Response in Blocks of Buildings
• The future

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Future: Smart city services

Integration:
• Building Information Management
• Environment and Energy
• Virtual Reality & Visualisation
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Questions?
V.Vukovic@tees.ac.uk
www.dr-bob.eu

Related projects:
www.integridy.eu
edream-h2020.eu

The work presented was carried out as part of the DR-BOB project (01/03/16 - 28/02/19) which is co-funded by
the EU’s Horizon 2020 framework programme for research & innovation under grant agreement No 696114.

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