Annexure 20.
Comparative table of the two Options at Ngomo Escarpment
Option 1 – Section II
(Nominal improvement of
Description
Existing Road in Ngomo
Escarpment)
Length (km) 28.1
Road Alignment Highly bendy and undulating in
Mountainous terrain
Major Engineering Involves landslide locations
Constraints Improvement of horizontal
geometry in the Ngomo
escarpment section to the full
standards requirement is not
possible due to habitation along
the road and mountain & valley
scenario adjacent to road. Will
need diversion during
construction.
Structures Minor Bridge – 1 No.
Junctions Major Junctions – 1 No.
Minor Junctions – 25 Nos.
Available Right of Way Varying from 15 - 30m ROW
(ROW)/Road Reserve Available
For the existing road in Ngomo
escarpment section additional
land acquisition in the habitation
areas/settlements would be bit
difficult as it would impact the
properties
Road Geometry Majority of the horizontal Curves
are sharper and substandard
not complying with the EAC
standards.
Due to the more number of
curves and also more curves
with substandard geometry the
operational efficiency of the
road would be drastically
impacted.
Number of vertical curves also
more in this option.
Option 2 – Section IIA
(Bypass in Ngomo
Escarpment)
20.435
Bendy and gently undulating
in Mountainous terrain
Alignment intercepts number
of small hills which involve
large cuts in bypass section.
Accessing the greenfield re-
alignment will require
temporary access roads.
Minor Bridge – 3 Nos.
Major junctions – 2 Nos.
Minor Junctions – 1 No.
New land acquisition for
bypass in the Ngomo
escarpment section is
required but should not be
difficult as there is minimal/no
habitation along this
alignment
Majority of the horizontal
Curves are sharper but much
lesser than compared to
Option 1 and all curves are
fulfilling the requirements of
EAC standards.
Number of vertical curves are
lesser than Option-1.
 Option 1 – Section II
Option 2 – Section IIA
(Nominal improvement of
Description (Bypass in Ngomo
Existing Road in Ngomo
Escarpment)
Escarpment)
 Horizontal Curves  Horizontal Curves
Horizontal Curves 1 Nos. Horizontal Nil
with radius >1500 Curves with
radius >1500
Horizontal Curves 1 Nos.
with radius >650m Horizontal 2 Nos.
to <=1500m Curves with
radius >650m
Horizontal Curves 11 Nos.
to <=1500m
with radius >200m
to <=650m Horizontal 16 Nos.
Curves with
Horizontal Curves 24 Nos.
radius >200m
with radius >90m
to <=650m
to <=200m
Horizontal 53 Nos.
Horizontal Curves 42 Nos.
Curves with
with radius >=30m
radius >90m to
to <=90m
<=200m
Substandard 46 Nos.
Horizontal 6 Nos.
curves with radius
Curves with
>30m to <=90m
radius >=35m
Substandard 78 Nos. to <=90m
curves with radius
Total = 77
>10m to <=30m
 Vertical Curves
Total = 203
No. of summit 24 Nos.
 Vertical Curves
curve
No. of summit 37 Nos.
No. of valley 24 Nos.
curve
curve
No. of valley curve 35 Nos.
Total = 48
Total = 72
Vertical Gradient Min - 0.5% Min - 0.5%
Max - 7.404% Max - 10.0%
Environmental Impacts Likely to involve unstable Hill Likely to involve Hill Cutting
Cutting however no major however no major
environmental impacts environmental impacts
envisaged. Due to closer envisaged except tree cutting
proximity of Rusizi river there
could be slightly more
environmental impact issues
compared to Option 2.
Social Impacts  Social Impact in Kamanyola  No Social Impact in
town Kamanyola town due to
 Safety and security issues proposed bypass
due to Rwanda Border in  Alignment is away from
 Option 1 – Section II
(Nominal improvement of
Description
Existing Road in Ngomo
Escarpment)
close vicinity
 Acquisition of land would be
an issue in Ngomo
escarpment due to habitation
Cost Impacts  Less cost compared to
Option 2
 Estimated Civil Cost per km
(USD in Millions) – 2.63
Merits & Demerits
Merits  Lesser Land Acquisition area 
 Construction cost is less
compared to Option 2  Horizontal geometry is fully
Option 2 – Section IIA
(Bypass in Ngomo
Escarpment)
Rwanda Border hence
border related safety and
security issues are avoided
 Acquisition of agricultural
land in Ngomo escarpment
bypass section
 More cost than Option 1
due to New pavement &
Major Earthworks in
Ngomo Bypass section
 Estimated Civil Cost per
km (USD in Millions) –
5.13
Alignment length is lesser
by 7.665 km
complying with the EAC
standards
 Travel time will be much
lesser compared to Option
1, hence Road User Cost
will be lesser
 Less social impacts
 Economic activities will be
boosted due to proper
alignment geometry, lesser
travel length & time
 Higher EIRR compared to
Option 1
 Safety and security issues
are avoided as the
alignment is away from
Rwanda border
 Since there is minimal/no
habitation along the
proposed bypass section
at Ngomo escarpment, no
hindrances are envisaged
during the construction. In
addition, as also no
diversion of traffic is
involved that would enable
the project completion
within stipulated timelines.
 Option 1 – Section II
Option 2 – Section IIA
(Nominal improvement of
Description (Bypass in Ngomo
Existing Road in Ngomo
Escarpment)
Escarpment)
Demerits  Alignment length is more by  Construction cost more
7.665 km compared to Option 1
 Horizontal geometry has  Proposed structures along
more curves and also has the alignment are slightly
many substandard curves and higher compared to Option
due to which the operational 1
efficiency of the road is  Accessibility during
compromised and frequent construction is an issue
delays are much envisaged.
Eventually this option would
form a major bottleneck for the
movement of traffic from
Kalundu Port to Bukavu.
 Travel time will be more
 More social impacts
 Safety and security issues will
still persist due to close
proximity of Rwanda border
 Construction of drainage &
protection works and new
pavement/upgrading works
along the existing Ngomo
escarpment road would be
more cumbersome as
compared to Option 2 due to
the habitation and requirement
of traffic diversion. This will
also cause the delay in project
completion.