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Log-Distance Path Loss Model
Log-Distance Path Loss Model
The log-distance path loss model is a radio propagation model that predicts the path loss a signal
encounters inside a building or densely populated areas over distance.
Mathematical formulation
The model
where
is the average multiplicative gain at the reference distance from the transmitter. This
gain depends on factors such as carrier frequency, antenna heights and antenna gain, for example due to
directional antennas; and
is a stochastic process that reflects flat fading. In case of only slow fading (shadowing), it
may have log-normal distribution with parameter dB. In case of only fast fading due to multipath
propagation, its amplitude may have Rayleigh distribution or Ricean distribution. This can be convenient,
because Power (Watts) is proportional to the square of amplitude. Squaring a Rayleigh-distributed random
variable produces an Exponentially-distributed random variable. In many cases, exponential distributions
are computationally convenient and allow direct closed-form calculations in many more situations than a
Rayleigh (or even a Gaussian).
See also
ITU model for indoor attenuation
Radio propagation model
Young model
References
1. "Log Distance Path Loss or Log Normal Shadowing Model" (https://www.gaussianwaves.co
m/2013/09/log-distance-path-loss-or-log-normal-shadowing-model/). 30 September 2013.
2. Julius Goldhirsh; Wolfhard J. Vogel. "11.4". Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular
and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems (http://vancouver.chapters.comsoc.org/files/2016/05/
handbook.pdf) (PDF).
3. Wireless communications principles and practices, T. S. Rappaport, 2002, Prentice-Hall
Further reading
Seybold, John S. (2005). Introduction to RF Propagation. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience.
ISBN 9780471655961.
Rappaport, Theodore S. (2002). Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 9780130995728.