HYPOTHESIS TESTING

MR. LLOYD T. ESTRADA

 ❑is a decision-making
process for evaluating
claims about a population
HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
 NULL HYPOTHESIS Ho
❑Indicates absence of relationship or difference
between variables
❑ Sample phrases: there is no, equals, does not affect

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS Ha
TYPES ❑Indicates presence of relationship or difference
between variables
OF
HYPOTHESES ❑Sample phrases: there is, greater than, reduces,
affects
 HYPOTHESIS TESTING
NULL HYPOTHESIS DECISION
True Reject
False Fail to reject
TYPE I ERROR TYPE II ERROR
Reject null hypothesis Fail to reject the null
when it is true hypothesis when it is false
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
❑Maximum probability of committing a
type I error
❑Represented by α (alpha)

What does 𝛼 = 5% mean?

 DIRECTION OF STATISTICAL TEST
ONE-TAILED TEST TWO-TAILED TEST

▪Directional test (Right- ▪Non-directional test

tailed or left-tailed test)
▪Sample phrases based on
Ha: >, <, is decreased,
increases
▪Sample phrases based on
Ha: there is difference, there
is relationship, affects
Determine the direction of statistical test to
be employed.
1. The proportion of engineering students
of a certain university passing the board
examination is less than 34%.

2. The use of digital books affects students’ Answer:

performance in Science. 1. one-tailed

2. two-tailed
CORRELATION
BIVARIATE ANALYSIS
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES
Variable 2

Variable 2
Variable 1 Variable 1

Positive Correlation Negative Correlation

Variable 2

Variable 1

No Correlation
STUDENT
ENGAGEMENT
Choose one item.
Explain your answer.

A. Name 2 variables that

are said to be positively
correlated

B. Name 2 variables that

are said to be negatively
correlated
To determine the strength of the
linear relationship between two
variables

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
MEASURES OF CORRELATION
VARIABLES CORRELATION MEASURE
Nominal Chi Square
Ordinal Spearman Rho
Interval and/or Pearson’s r
Ratio
*Test of significant relationship is necessary.
*Parametric – Pearson’s r
Other Commonly Used Statistical Tests
❑Z-test/T-test – test for difference between two groups (for
dependent samples and for independent samples)

❑ANOVA (Analysis of variance) – test for difference

involving more than 2 groups

❑Linear regression – test for making prediction for

continuous or numeric data
CS Assessment: Research Proposal Through Video
Criteria for Rating
A. Statement of the Problem or Purpose (10)
B. Research Question/Hypothesis (5)
C. Research Methodology (10)
D. Proposed Statistical Data Analysis (10)
D. Organization (5)
 MIDTERM EXAMINATION
✓Face-to-face written examination on March 20, 2023
✓Coverage: Problem Solving and Reasoning and Data
Management
✓Multiple Choice
✓Bring calculator (cellphones not allowed)
✓No scratch paper needed