*Concession and contrast*

Connectors that express concession

Although- though- even though- in spite of – despite- yet- nevertheless- But- however-
inspite of the fact that- despite the fact that.

1-Although/though/even though+(S+V+C)+ contrasting clause

Even though he's a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat

Contrasting clause

2-Despite / in spite of + noun/gerund + contrasting clause

Despite / in spite of the rain, I enjoyed the holiday.

noun
Despite / in spite of being a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.
gerund

3-Despite / in spite of the fact that + clause(S+V+C) + contrasting clause.

Despite the fact that the sun has been shining all day, the snow has not yet melted.

Task 01: Combine the pairs of sentences using the connectors in brackets. Make the necessary changes.
1. Athens was ruled by a king. Athens was a democracy. (although) (BAC 2008 / L.PH)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Governments have made a lot of efforts. They have been unable to stop the import of counterfeit
products. (although) (BAC 2009 / FL)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Some people did not receive enough formal education. They have become famous. (in spite of) (BAC
2015 / FL)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Governments are making efforts to eradicate corruption. It is still prevalent in our society. (despite)
(BAC 2019 / FL)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 02: Rewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a).
1. a) Jackson school students were of low-income but they managed to get high scores. (BAC 2012 / FL)

b) Although ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 2. a) Although Muslim countries dispose of considerable resources, they remain underdeveloped. (BAC
2015 / FL)
b) Despite ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. a)The British came from different origins, but they succeeded to build a flourishing society. (BAC
2016 / FL)
b) In spite of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 03: Supply the appropriate connectors to get coherent sentences.

1. ……..………being ruled by a king, Athens had a democratic system of government.

2. ………..……the Pharaohs tombs were well protected, many of them were robbed of their treasures.

3. ……………..Cartage was defeated by Rome, it was a great power .

Task 04 : Combine the following pairs of sentences using the given connectors.

1. A. Egypt was well- resources with raw materials.

B. The Egyptians needed to import some of the raw materials from neighbouring countries. ( although)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. A. The Phoenicians used to live in the desert.

B. The Phoenicians became famous sailors. ( though)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. A. Ancient civilizations left prestigious remains.

B. Ancient civilizations disappeared centuries ago. ( in spite of)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. A. The city was invaded.

B. The city was surrounded by a great wall. ( despite)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………