Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to

human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases,
including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), trap heat from the sun and
create a “greenhouse effect,” leading to a rise in temperatures worldwide. The consequences of
global warming are far-reaching and encompass various environmental, social, and economic
impacts.

The primary driver of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels for energy, such as coal, oil, and
natural gas, which releases significant amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Deforestation and land-
use changes also contribute by reducing the planet’s ability to absorb CO2. Additionally, agricultural
practices and industrial processes release methane and nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gases with
higher heat-trapping capabilities than CO2.

The effects of global warming are already evident in various ways. The polar ice caps and glaciers are
melting at an alarming rate, leading to rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities and
ecosystems. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall,
are becoming more frequent and intense, causing loss of life, property damage, and disruptions to
agriculture and infrastructure.

Ecosystems around the world are experiencing disruptions as species struggle to adapt to changing
temperatures and habitats. Coral reefs, essential marine ecosystems, are bleaching and dying due to
increased ocean temperatures and acidity. This has severe consequences for marine biodiversity and
the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on these ecosystems for food and income.

Global warming also exacerbates existing social and economic inequalities. Vulnerable communities,
particularly in developing countries, are disproportionately affected by its impacts, as they often lack
resources and infrastructure to cope with extreme weather events and changing conditions.
Additionally, global warming can lead to displacement and migration, contributing to social tensions
and conflicts.

Addressing global warming requires international cooperation and concerted efforts to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is a crucial global initiative aimed
at limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Countries
pledged to set emission reduction targets and enhance their efforts over time. Transitioning to
renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable land-use
practices are essential steps toward achieving these goals.

Individual actions also play a significant role in combating global warming. People can reduce their
carbon footprint by using public transportation, conserving energy at home, reducing meat
consumption, and supporting policies and businesses that prioritize environmental sustainability.
In conclusion, global warming poses a severe and urgent threat to our planet’s ecosystems,
communities, and economies. The continued emission of greenhouse gases is driving rising
temperatures, leading to widespread and detrimental impacts. Mitigating global warming requires a
collective commitment to reducing emissions, transitioning to cleaner energy sources, and
implementing sustainable practices. By taking proactive measures at both individual and societal
levels, we can work towards a more sustainable and resilient future for generations to come.