TST1501 DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES

SECTIONAL PROPERTIES

1. A precast concrete beam has a cross-section as shown in the Figure 1, with respect to X-X and Y-
Y axis.
(a) Calculate the point of centroid
(b) Calculate the second moment of area about x-x, I xx

(c) Calculate the second moment of area about y-y, I yy

(d) Calculate radius of gyration, rx and ry

(e) Calculate the elastic section modulus

20

60
100 50
50

X 20 70 X

210

Figure 1

SOLUTION
(a)
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 TST1501 DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

A = (210 x100) + (70 x50 ) − (100 x60 )

21000 + 3500 − 6000 = 18500 mm 2
21000(50) + 3500(50) − 6000(50 )
y=
18500
1050000 + 175000 − 300000
= 50mm from bottom
18500

OR It is symmetrical about x axis, therefore y = 50mm

21000(105) + 3500(245) − 6000(100 )

x=
18500
2205000 + 857500 − 600000
= 133.108mm from the left
18500

2.2
I XX = I GG + Ae 2

I XX = 1 / 12 x 210 x100 3 + 21000(0) 2 + 1 / 12 x70 x50 3 + 3500(0) 2 − 1 / 12 x100 x60 3 + 6000(0)
2

= 17500000 + 0 + 729166.67 + 0 − 1800000 − 0 = 16429166 .67 mm 4 = 16.429 x10 6 mm 4

2.3
I YY = 1 / 12 x100 x 210 3 + 21000(133.11 − 105) 2 + 1 / 12 x50 x70 3 +3500(245 − 133.11) 2 −
1 / 12 x60 x100 3
+ 6000(133.11 − 100 )
2

77175000 + 16593614 .1 + 1429166 .67 + 43817802 .35 − 5000000 − 6577632 .6
= 127437950 .52mm 4 = 127.438 x10 6 mm 4

2.4

I XX 16429166 .67
rx = = = 29.80mm
A 18500
I YY 127437950 .52
ry = = = 83mm
A 18500

2.5

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 TST1501 DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

I XX 16429166 .67
Z ex = = = 328583.33mm 3
y 50

2. The Figure 2 below shows a built-up section. Calculate the following with XX and YY as
reference point.
(a) The position of the centroid of the section
(b) The second moment of area about horizontal axis (Ixx)
(c) The radius of gyration, rx
(d) The elastic section modulus.
Note: Assume that the triangle and the hollow parts are sharing the same centroid.

40mm

100mm

20mm
X X
Y

100mm

Figure 2

SOLUTION

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 TST1501 DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

(a)

  (40 )
2
1
A = (100 x 20 ) +  x100 x80  − (2marks )
2  4
2000 + 4000 − 1256.8 = 4743.2mm 2 (2marks )
2000(10 ) + 4000(46.67 ) − 1256.8(46.67 )
y= (1mark ) = 31.21mm (2marks )
4743.2
2000(50 ) + 4000(33.33) − 1256.8(33.33)
x= (1mark ) = 40.36mm (2marks )
4743.2

(b)
I xx = I GG + Ae 2
100(20) 100(80)  (40)
3 3 4
I xx = + 2000(31.21 − 10) + + 4000(46.67 − 31.21) − [ + 1256.8(46.67 − 31.21) ]
2 2 2

12 36 64
= 66666.67 + 899728.2 + 1422222.22 + 956046.4 − 125680 − 300389.8 = 2918593.69mm 4 = 291.859cm 4

(c)

I xx 2918593.69
rx = = = 24.81mm
A 4743.2

(d)

I xx 2918593 .69
Z ex = = = 93514.7mm 3
y 31.21

3. A non-standard I section is shown in the Figure below.

a) Calculate the point of centroid
b) Calculate the second moment of area about x-x, I xx

c) Calculate the second moment of area about y-y, I yy

d) Calculate radius of gyration, rx and ry

e) Calculate the elastic section modulus

f) Calculate the plastic section modulus

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 TST1501 DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

70mm

20mm

10mm 80mm

20mm

110mm

SOLUTION

(a)

A = 70 x 20 + 80 x10 + 110 x 20
= 1400 + 800 + 2200 = 4400mm 2 (1mark )
x = 55mm( symmetrical about y axis) (1mark )
1400 x110 + 800 x 60 + 2200 x10
y= (1 1 marks )
4400 2
154000 + 48000 + 22000
= = y = 50.91mm ( from bottom ) (1mark )
4400

(b)

I xx = I GG + Ae 2
70(20) 10(80 ) 110(20 )
(4 1 2 marks )
3 3 3
I xx = + 1400(110 − 50.91) + + 800(60 − 50.91) + + 2200(50.91 − 10)
2 2 2

12 12 12
= 46666.67 + 4888279 .34 + 426666.67 + 66102.48 + 73333.33 + 3681981 .82
= 9183030 .31mm 4 (2marks )

(c)

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 TST1501 DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

20(70) 3 80(10) 3 20(110) 3

I yy = + + (1 1 marks )
12 12 12 2
571666 .67 + 6666.67 + 2218333 .33
= 2796666 .67mm 4 (1 1 marks )
2

(d)

I XX 9183030 .31
rx = = = 45.68mm (1 mark )
A 4400
I YY 2796666 .67
ry = = = 25.21mm (1 mark )
A 4400

(e)

I XX 9183030 .31
Z ex = = = 180377.73mm 3 (1mark )
y max 50.91

(f)
70mm

20mm

10mm 80mm

PNA
20mm

110mm

Note : Po int of plastic mod ulus is at y = 20mm from bottom , the area at this po int is half of the total
area.
Zp ( x ) = 110 x 20 x10 + 80 x10 x 40 + 70 x 20 x90 ( 2marks )
= 22000 + 32000 + 126000 = 180000 mm 3 (1mark )