Chapter 5

Introduction
Science of collection and
organizing biological data
is known as
Bioinformatics.
Cont..
It is a branch of Computer
Science that develops various
methods and software tools
to understand and analyze
biological data.
 Mathematics

Medicine Biology

Algorithms
Statistics Bioinformaics Program

Text Mining Databases

Web
applications
Cont..
It combines the use of
mathematical, statistical and
computational methods to
analyze various types of
biological, molecular and
genetic data.
Cont..
To study various forms
of DNA structures and
Compositions.
Which Data?
 How DNA is formed and what is the
exact comp.?
 How does protein binding?
 How DNA causes genetic disorders and
how to prevent?
Definition
“The mathematical, statistical
and computational methods
that aim to solve biological
problems using DNA and amino
acid sequences and related
information”
Objectives
 Study normal biological processes.
 Analyze the cause of disease d of due to
malfunctioning biological processes.
 Design various approaches to improve biological
process.
 Aids in improving drug discovery techniques
 Helps in developing new drugs.
 Study and research in medicines for diseases like
cancer.
Bioinformatics Database
It refers to collection and
compilation of data which
is structured, presented
and cross referenced
across the globe.
Databases:
 Genbank, Uniprot: used in biological sequence
analysis
 Interpro, Pfam: used in finding protein families.
 Sequence Read Archieve: used for next generation
sequencing.
 GenoCAD: Used in design of synthetic genetic
circuits.
 PreDDICTA: Calculates drug DNA Interaction.
 Sanjeevani: Complete drug design software.
Classification of databases.
They can classified on the basis of
Data type
Data source
Database design
Special Categories
Brief Classification of Database
On the basis of type
 Genome Databases
 Sequence Databases
 Structure Databases
 Microarray Databases
 Chemical Databases
 Metabolic Databases
Brief Classification of Database
Enzyme Databases
Disease Databases
Literature Databases
Taxonomy Databases
Brief Classification of Database
On the basis of Data Source
 Primary Databases
 Secondary Databases
Special Categories
 Integrated Databases
 Composite Databases
Biological Databases
Types of Databases Information
Bibliographic database Literature
Taxonomic database Classification
Nucleic acid database DNA information
Genomic database Gene information
Protein database PROTEIN Information
Enzyme/ Metabolic Pathway Metabolic Information
Cont..
Bioinformatics database is essential
for research and development. It is
used in many essential
applications.
To solve existing biological
problems.
Concept of Bioinformatics
 It refers to its approach towards balancing
biology, mathematics and Computing to
ensure availability of compute and analyze
biological data.
 It provides understanding of molecular
biology, software programs coding and
decoding, genetic data analysis of DNA
structure and composition.
Cont.
Two major activities are Genomics and
proteomics.
 Genomics: refers to analysis of
genomes ie set of DNA sequence.
 Proteomics: refers to analysis of Set of
Proteins.
cont

Computers in
Bioinformatics
Impact of bioinformatics in Vaccine
Discovery
 Bioinformatics reduces the time and
cost required to develop high potency
drug with fewer side effects.
 E.G. Genomics: using genome
sequence of pathogen vaccine can be
created to cure diseases.
Helpful Vaccine informatics
support
 Analysis to help find good molecular targets for
vaccines.
 Private databases to help collect and organize lab
clinical data.
 Public databases and web works to help display and
analyze the results of clinical trials.
 Integrating in additional data from samples in clinical
trials into database.