A.

INTRODUCTION of J CPOA

On 14 July 2015, Iran, the so-called P5 + 1 (5 permanent member states of the UN

Security Council plus Germany), and the European Union signed a Joint Comprehensive
Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement. This agreement has the aim of limiting Iran's nuclear
activities so as to reduce regional and international tension, and on the other hand, free
Iran from economic and political sanctions, both from the US, European Union and the
United Nations.
Iran has two nuclear facilities at Natanz and Fordo. In both sites, uranium
hexafluoride gas is introduced into a centrifuge to separate out the most fissile isotope, U-
235. Low enriched uranium, which has a U-235 concentration of 3% - 4%, can be used to
produce fuel for nuclear power plants. Meanwhile, Uranium to become a nuclear weapon
must be enriched by 90%.Iran's uranium stockpiles are reduced by 98% to 300kg, a
figure that must not be exceeded until 2031 and must keep the U-235 concentration at
3.67%.1

By January 2016, Iran had drastically reduced the number of centrifuges installed
at Natanz and Fordo, and delivered remaining low levels of enriched uranium to
Russia.In addition, research and development can only be carried out at Natanz and is
limited to 2024. Enrichment will not be allowed at Fordo until 2031, and underground
facilities will be converted into a nuclear, physics and technology center. The 1,044
centrifuges at the site will produce radioisotopes for use in medicine, agriculture, industry
and science.

The US president at the time, Barack Obama, believed that the JCPOA would
prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons in secret. This is due to routine
inspections from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) of all nuclear facilities
in Iran. Prior to the signing of the JCPOA, Iran suffered heavy losses as a result of
sanctions imposed by the United Nations, US and European Union aimed at forcing Iran
1
PUTRA, “Sekilas Tentang Perjanjian Nuklir Iran yang Berada di Ujung Tanduk”,
https://www.kompasiana.com/noviandi0396/5d22acc10d82302e1a605957/sekilas-tentang-perjanjian-nuklir-iran-
yang-berada-di-ujung-tanduk?page=all#sectionall, Accessed on 26th of November 2020 at 9.56 p.m
 to stop its uranium enrichment activities. Between 2012 and 2016, Iran suffered a loss of
US $ 160 billion from the petroleum sector alone.
After the JCPOA was signed, Iran regained access to its foreign assets worth more
than 100 billion US dollars which were previously frozen. It can also continue selling
petroleum to international markets and use the global financial system to transact.
Consensus is that this question is important for research For most countries in the region,
this is the best way to develop gradually Eliminate Iran's aggressive role in the Middle
East. Iran is country that Has influence in the Middle East and the United States.

A country with great power in international politics. Conflict The relationship

between relationships can lead to improvement Conflict in the Middle East. As a very
complex area In conflict, decision making will reduce many aspects.In the midst of all the
debates regarding the US decision to leave the agreement, this paper sees that the
perceived threat to Iran is one of the determinants of US exit from this nuclear deal.
International anarchy in the constructivist perspective of Hobbesian makes Iran perceived
as "the others" by the United States. This perception does not appear suddenly. If you
look at its history, the relationship between the US and Iran is very dynamic.

When the Shah's regime came to power, relations between the two countries were
good. So that in 1967, Iran's nuclear development research program was supported by the
US. However, after the Iranian revolution and regime change, the relationship between
the two was considered conflictual. Relations deteriorated, especially after President
Bush labeled Iran as the axis of evil.2It is this perception that President Trump is using
again. In his speech President Trump explained how this perception was shaped after the
regime's change in Iran in 1979 to an "extremist" regime. Since then, Iran's policies have
been seen as a threat. According to President Trump, the deals that have been made with
the relief of economic sanctions only benefit Iran.

Trump even accused Iran of violating the deal3Another important factor behind
Trump's decision is the US perception of Iran's regional activities. The Iranian regime has
2
Arms Control, 2002
3
PBS. How Iran Entered The Exist, viewed April 4, 2019,
 supported conflicts in the Middle East such as Syria and Yemen by sponsoring terror,
supporting the Syrian dictator who uses missiles and weapons to attack civilians. Closing
his speech, Trump also explained that the policy to exit the agreement must be done for
the sake of US security.4
Iran's nuclear problem is no stranger to Indonesia. During the reign of President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesia Participated in the formulation of UN Security
Council Resolution 1747 Heavy sanctions have been imposed on Iran's nuclear
development. However, this has drawn criticism at home. This criticism What
interpretation rights are being pushed to the DPR . It was because of the support from
most of its members The emergence of this criticism, in the next Iranian resolution,
Indonesia Announced abstention. Indonesian golput made Iran the ambassador United
Nations Mohammad Khazee immediately expressed his opinion Thanks to Indonesia and
say that the resolution will not Prevent Iran from defending its rights, namely through
nuclear development peaceful purpose.5

4
Arms Control Association 2002. Bush Labels North Korea, Iran, Iraq an “Axis of Evil”. BBC 2017. Iran nuclear
deal: Trump's speech in full, viewed April 05, 2020
5
The State Gov 2015, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, viewed March 29, 2020,