DIASS REVIEWER
Social work as community organizer
Lesson 1
The Discipline of Social Work
The definition of Social Work
The National Association of Social Workers
(NASW), defined social work as the professional
activity of helping individuals, groups or
communities enhance or restore their capacity of
their personal interaction with their environment
and creating societal conditions beneficial to the
mission.
The United Nations of Economic Social and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2000),
considers social work as a field within human
services and a part of services of the government.
The International Federation of Social Works
(IFSW, 2006), defines social work as a practice-
based and academic discipline that promotes change
and social development.
Australian Association of Social Workers
(AASW), as cited in Cox & Pawar, 2006) defines
social work as a practical profession designed at
helping people addresses their problems and
matching them with the resources they need to lead
healthy and productive lives.
The International Association of Schools of
Social Work (IASSW), states that social work
profession promotes social change, problem solving
in human relationships, and the empowerment and
liberation of people to enhance well-being. (IFSW &
IASSW, 2004 as cited in Co & Pawar, 2006).
GOALS OF SOCIAL WORK
The Goal on Caring. Caring refers to the heart of
social work and it centers on the well-being or the
welfare and comfort of the individual and
community.
The Goal on Curing. Curing refers to the aspect of
treating people with problems in their social
functioning
The Goal on Changing. Changing refers to the
active participation of the social workers in social
reforms
SCOPE OF SOCIAL WORK
Child development Social Work
Medical Social Work
Clinical Social Work
Social work administration and management
International Social work
Women welfare
Crisis intervention
Criminal justice
AREA SCOPE
Social Work as Primary Social work in:
Discipline -child protection, welfare
- adoption and services to
unmarried parents
- foster care
-residential care
-support in own home
- Protective services
Family services, social work offers:
Family counselling – utilize the three approaches
to this type of counselling namely: 1. family case
work, involves helping individual members of the
family change their behavior to make them more
effective contributors in the family: 2. family group
work, the process by which the family examines its
relationships and resolves their problem with the
help of the social worker: and lastly, 3. family
therapy, focuses on transforming the structure of
the family to make it more supportive to its
members
Family life education - an intervention to
strengthen the family through educational activities
that seek to prevent family breakdown
Family planning – assisting the families plan the
number, spacing, and timing of the births of children
to fit with their needs.
Income maintenance, social work offers:
Public assistance – refers to the provision of the
financial aid to the poor. Services include cash
grants, food stamps, general assistance such as
hospital and medical care, and supplemental security
income.
Social insurances – social provisions that are
funded by employers and employees through
contributions to a specific program.
The other income maintenance programs
include cash in kind benefits, emergency support
funds, and other resources which can be used by the
poor for food and shelter.
AREA SCOPE
Social Work as an Equal Social work in:
Partner - age care
- support for people in
long-term care facilities
program refers to nursing
homes or
In terms of Aging, social work offers:
A. The support for people in their own homes
program consists of helping older people
remain in their own homes by linking them with
community programs that bring health care services
into their homes.
B.The support for people in long-term care facilities
program refers to nursing home care services into
their homes.
In terms of Community services, social
work offers:
Community organization - activities involve the
gathering and analysis of data related to delivery of
services, matching that information with data
population distribution, securing funds to maintain
and enhance the quality of services, coordinating the
efforts to existing agencies, and educating the
general public about theses services.
Community planning – refers to the involvement
of social workers with the physical, economic, and
health planners in the long range planning of
communities.
Community development – the participation of
social workers in providing aid to the people in the
communities as the aim to enhance their conditions.
In terms of youth and group services, social
work offers:
-Recreational and educational facilities such as YMCA
and scouting and settlement houses.
-Other activities such as crafts, sports, camping,
friendship groups, drama, music, informal
counseling, and other group participation.
In terms of mental health and retardation,
social work offers:
-The institutionalizing of the victims through the
individual treatment in hospitals.
-Due to the influence of the family and community in
the improvement of the patient, the movement to
deinstitutionalize by bringing them to foster homes
and residential care came into fruition.
AREA Scope
Social Work as Social work in
Secondary Discipline - mental care, refugees
and asylum seekers,
disability, hospital, school
social work, and health
Social Work as a Secondary Discipline Industry,
In terms of Industry, social workers act as:
-Support to both the managers and the employees of
the companies.
-Provide information to the managers as basis for
management decisions that might have an impact on
the social atmosphere in the working environment.
In terms of Medical and health care, social
workers:
-Attend to the social and psychological factors that
are contributing to the medical condition of the
patients
-Link patients with community resources
-Provide necessary counselling, and link with self-
help groups
In terms of Schools, Lela Costin (as cited by
Morales and Sheafor, 1983) has identified
seven (7) primary task of social workers in
schools:
a. Facilitate the provision of direct educational and
social services and provide direct social case work
and group work services to selected students;
b. Act as a pupil advocate, focusing on urgent needs
of the selected group of students;
C. Consult with school administrators major
problems;
d. Consult with teachers about techniques for
creating a climate in which children are freed and
motivated to learn by interpreting social and cultural
influences in the lives of students;
e. Organize parent and community groups to
channel concerns about students and the school to
improve school and community relations.
f. Develop and maintain liaison between the school
and critical fields of social work such as child welfare,
corrections, mental health, and legal services for the
poor.
g. Provide leadership in the coordination of
interdisciplinary skills among student services
personnel such as guidance counselors, clinic staff,
psychologists, and attendant officers.
PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES OF SOCIAL
WORK
As mentioned by Mendoza (2002) the Council
on Social work Education identified and
described six (6) values that are shared by the
profession of Social Work;
1. Right to self-fulfillment
(2) Responsibility to Common Good
(3) Responsibility of the Society
(4) Right to Satisfy basic Needs
(5) Social organizations required to facilitate
individual’s effort at self-realization
(6) Self-Realization and Contribution to Society.
These values, according to the Curriculum Study
sponsored by the council on Social Work Education
as cited by Mendoza (2002) comprise a minimum
commitment from the social worker and the
following concepts are implied in these values:
-Concept of human potentials and capacities - This is
premised on the belief that a person is inherently -
endowed with potentials and capacities.
-Concept of social responsibility – This is base the -
notion that an individual has the obligation to
contribute to the common good and society.
-Concept of equal opportunities – This is premised
on the ideal of social justice, two elements of which
are fairness and equality.
-Concept of social provision – This is based on the
premise that there will always be everywhere with
unmet needs or problems which are beyond their
own capacity to solve.
Friedlander (19580 and Biestek (1957) as cited by
Mendoza (2002), seven principles adhered by the
social workers:
1. Acceptance
(2) Client’s Participation in Problem Solving
(3) Self-determination
(4) Individualization
(5) Confidentiality
(6) Workers Self-Awareness
(7) Client-Worker Relationship.
Lesson 2
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK
Broker The social worker is involved in the process
of making referrals to link a family or person to
needed resources
Advocate In this role, social workers fight for the
rights of others and work to obtain needed
resources by convincing others of the legitimate
needs and rights of members of society.
Case Manager Case managers are involved in
locating services and assisting their clients to access
those services.
Educator Social Workers are often involved in
teaching people about resources and how to develop
particular skills such as budgeting, the caring
discipline of children, effective communication, the
meaning of a medical diagnosis, and the prevention
of violence.
Facilitator In this role, social workers are involved in
gathering groups of people together for a variety of
purposes including community development, self-
advocacy, political organization, and policy change.
Social workers are involved as group therapists and
task group leaders.
Organizer Social Workers are involved in many
levels of community organization and action
including economic development, union
organization, and research and policy specialists
Mediator - This role includes acting as an
intermediary or conciliator between persons or in
groups and the social worker engages her/his efforts
to resolve disputes between the client and other
parties.
Enabler - This role is about activities that the social
worker engages in order to help the clients hope
with the current situation and eventually find
strengths and resources within themselves to solve
problems they encounter.
Counselor/Therapist - This role intends to restore,
maintain, or enhance client’s capacity to adapt to
her/his current reality.
Manager Social Workers, because of their expertise
in a wide variety of applications, are well suited to
work as managers and supervisors in almost any
setting.
1. Mobilizer of community elite - This evolves the
worker in various activities with the goal of
informing and interpreting to certain or identified
sectors of the community, the different programs
and services including the needs and problems that
the clients are facing to gain their support,
commitment, and involvement in different
endeavors.
2.Documenter/social critique- this involves the
worker documenting the need for sufficient policies
and programs based on her/ his knowledge and
actual experiences about the inadequacies in the
existing policies and programs including what needs
to be done and what needs to be enhanced, in the
light of professional values and goals.
3.Policy/ program change advocate- This involves
the worker in efforts to change policies and
programs on behalf of a particular segments of the
population based on professional values and entails
the worker to take a stand on important issues,
argue and defend her/his proposals on certain social
welfare policies and programs affecting a client
population.
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK
Rehabilitative Function- refers to restorative,
curative, and remedial action.
Preventive Function- detects impending
imbalance between the individuals or groups with
the environment.
Developmental Function- ascertains and
strengthens the full potential in individuals, group,
and communities.
Engagement – “The social worker must first engage
the client in early meetings to promote a
collaborative relationship”. This is where malpractice
liability exposure, cyber liability exposure, and
general liability exposure begin the social worker’s
risk exposure.
. Assessment – “Data must be gathered that will
guide and direct a plan of action to help the client”.
This is important core function from insurance Social Worker from pain, improve quality of life,
perspective. When information is documented, help to the people around of an
these records become client record subject to recent ill individual and in some cases,
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act assist with trauma, sorrow, and
(HIPAA) of 1996 legislation, which holds the social loss
worker liable for breach by third parties. Medical and Works in hospital settings to help
health Social an individual cross the struggles
Planning – “Negotiate and formulate an action worker that a serious medical condition
plan”. can cause the individual and
family.
4. Implementation – “Promote resources Mental Health Rehabilitation and capability
acquisition and enhance role performance”. and Substance building are focuses on these
Abuse Social with individuals who struggles
5. Monitoring/Evaluation – “On-going substance abuse or mental health
Worker
documentation through short-term goal attainment problems. This type of social
of the extent to which client is following through”. worker provides short and long
term solutions for victims and
6. Supportive Counseling – “Affirming, their families.
challenging, encouraging, informing, and exploring Military and Military and Veterans Social Work
options”. Veterans Social Focuses on the role adjustment
Worker and post-traumatic stress of
7. Graduated Disengagement – Seeking to returning home soldiers.
replace the social worker with a naturally occurring Psychiatric Social Provides therapy and assess the
resources” Worker psychiatric health of the patient.
They work with the individual’s
Workplace of a Social Worker family to understand legal
procedures, long term care
Social workers typically in the following options, and make referrals or
settings: provide resources.
Child welfare It is concerned with the well-
✓ Hospitals and clinics being of children and youth
through the provision of
✓ Nursing Homes programs and services for their
physical, social, psychological,
✓ Community mental health clinics spiritual and cultural
development.
✓ Private practices
Adoption It is a legal process whereby a
✓ State and local governments child who is deprived of a birth
family is provided with substitute
✓ Schools new ties and permanent parental
care.
✓ Colleges and Universities Legal A process undertaken to provide
Guardianship substitute parental care through
✓ Substance Abuse clinics ✓ Military bases and the appointment of a legal
hospital guardian for the child, including
the child’s property until s/he
AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION OF SOCIAL WORK reaches the age of majority.
Foster Care A substitute temporary parental
SPECIFIC WORK AREA care provided to a child by a
AREA licensed foster family under the
Child, family, and Child welfare concerned with the supervision of a social worker..
school Social wellbeing of the children and Residential Care Provides temporary 24-hour
worker youth. residential group care to children
Family welfare concerned with whose needs cannot, at the same
the establishment and time, be adequately met by their
strengthening the family in biological parents and other
meeting its needs. alternative family care
School social worker employs arrangements.
ways for intervention, Family Welfare It is concerned with the
assessment, counselling, and improvement and strengthening
capability structure of students of the family in meeting its own
with collaboration of school needs.
personnel and parents to the Health It is concerned with continuously
social development programs. defining and solving problems
Community Immersing to the community to aimed at facilitating and
Social Worker assessed programs for strengthening social relationships
community development for the and mutual adjustments between
betterment of social setting. individuals and their
Hospice, and Often help or care for those who environment.
Palliative Care are terminally ill. To provide relief Corrections t is the administration of penalty
 in such a way that the offender is
corrected, that is, her/his present
behavior is kept within
acceptable limits at the same
time his general life adjustment is
modified.
Probation A process of treatment,
prescribed b the court for
persons convicted of offenses
against the law, during which the
individual on probation lives in
the community and regulates
her/his own life under conditions
imposed by the court and is
subjected to the supervision of a
probation officer.
Schools School social worker exist
primarily to provide a helping
service to those students whose
problems in school stem from
social and emotional causes
which interfere with their
adjustment and potential
academic achievement.
Parole It is the release of a prisoner
under supervision before the
expiration of her/his sentence.
Drug dependents Are persons, who as a result of
periodic or continuous use of
drugs have developed a physical
or psychological need
for/dependence on these drugs
to the extent that their denial
produces adverse effects on
themselves
Social Include women who are victims
Disadvantage of gender-based violence 9such
Women as domestic violence/wife
beating, marital rape, incest,
rape, and sexual harassment),
prostituted women, victims of
armed conflicts an militarization
and solo parents.
Patients of Are parents release from
Psychiatric psychiatric institutions like the
Institutions National Center for Mental
Health who may need assistance
in their post –institutionalization
adjustment in the community.
Older Persons Referred to as people between
sixty and above. Social services
include assistance in relation to
economic dependency, health
and medical problems, emotional
needs and problems, social
problems, such as family and
community relationships,
personal care, recreational needs
and living arrangements.
Persons with Are those suffering from
Disability restrictions of different
disabilities as a result of mental
and physical or sensory
impairment , to perform an
activity in the manner or within
the range considered normal for
a human being.
Cultural These communities are affected ETHICAL
Communities to a certain degree because of
the prejudice and discrimination
they ae subjected to.
Industry and Social welfare and services in the
Labor field of industry are generally
concerned in efforts to establish
or improve social security, health,
and general welfare of employees
and their families.
Education and Can be considered a field of social
Training work practice since it involves the
transfer of social work knowledge
and skills.
International The international professional
Social Work practice and the capacity for
international action by the social
work profession and its members.
International actions has 4
dimensions: internationally
related domestic practice and
advocacy, professional exchange,
international practice, and
international policy development
and advocacy.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES OF SOCIAL WORK
Health Board social workers You could work in
one of eight regionally based Health Boards as a
‘Community Care’ social worker for concerns such as
psychiatric illness, financial and environmental
difficulties, alcohol and drug-related problems,
interpersonal difficulties and child abuse.
Medical social workers You could be employed as
a medical social worker by voluntary and health-
board-run hospitals. You will offer direct help where
medical conditions are complicated by social and
emotional factors.
Working for Local Authorities You could also
work for local authorities as a housing welfare officer
(social worker), offering social services to tenants,
prospective tenants and/or travelers.
Working for the Department of Justice As a
probation and welfare officer in the Department of
Justice, you may work with the Adoption Board, the
courts, or prisons and places of detention.
Working for Voluntary Agencies Voluntary
agencies catering for specific interest groups also
employ social workers.
Working in Industry Social workers in industry
(‘welfare workers’) are concerned with employees
and pensioners of an organization, e.g. the Army.
Rights and Responsibilities, Accountabilities
and Code of Ethics of SOCIAL WORK
Cited by Dela Cruz (2016), the National Association
of Social Workers (NASW) has enlisted encompassing
ethical standards, mostly on their responsibilities as
association. The ethical standards usually define the
rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of the
members.
ELEMENT BRIEF DESCRIPTION
STANDARDS
Ethical Commitment to Uphold the well-being Sexual Do not sexually harass
responsibility Clients of clients. The clients harassment clients. Sexual
to client interest are primary. harassment includes
Self- Respect and promote sexual advances, sexual
Determination the rights of clients to solicitation, request for
self-determination and sexual favors, and
assist clients in their other verbal or physical
efforts to identify and conduct of a sexual
clarify their goals. nature.
Informed Consent Provide services to Derogatory Do not derogatory
clients only in the language language in their
context of a written or verbal
professional communications to or
relationship based, about clients.
when appropriate, on Payment to Ensure that the fees
valid informed consent. services are fair, reasonable,
Competence Provide services and and commensurate
represent themselves with the services
as competent only performed.
within the boundaries Consideration should
of their education, be given to clients
training, license, ability to pay.
certification, Clients who lack When social workers
consultation received, decision making act on behalf of clients
supervised experience, capacity who lack the capacity
or other relevant to make informed
professional decisions, social
experience. workers should take
Cultural Understand culture reasonable steps to
competence and its function in safeguard the interest
and social human behavior and and rights of those
diversity society, recognizing the clients.
strengths that exists in Interruption of Social workers should
all cultures, services make reasonable
demonstrate efforts to ensure
competence in the continuity of services in
provision of services the event that services
that are sensitive to are interrupted by
clients cultures, and to factors such as
differences among unavailability,
people and cultural relocation, illness,
groups. disability or death. 
Conflict of interest Be alert to and conflicts
of interest that Termination of Terminate services to
interfere with the services clients and professional
exercise of professional relationships with
discretion and them when such
impartial judgment. services and
Privacy and Respect clients right to relationships are no
confidentiality privacy. longer required or no
Access to records Social workers should longer serve the clients
provide clients with needs or interests.
reasonable access to Ethical Respect Treat colleagues with
records concerning the responsibility the respect represent
clients. to the accurately and fairly
Sexual Do not engage in colleagues the qualification, views,
relationship sexual activities or and obligations of
sexual contact with colleagues.
current clients, Confidentiality Respect confidential
whether such contacts information shared by
is consensual or forced. the colleagues in the
Physical contact Do not engage in course of their
physical contact with professional
clients when there is a relationship and
possibility of transactions.
psychological harm to Interdisciplinary Participate in and
the client as a result of collaboration contribute to decisions
the contact (such as that affect the well-
cradling or caressing being of clients by
clients). drawing on the
 perspectives, values, consult with that
and experiences of the colleague when
social work profession. feasible an assist the
Dispute involving Do not take advantage colleague in taking
colleagues of a dispute between a remedial action.
colleague and an Unethical Conduct Take adequate
employer to obtain a of Colleagues measures to
position or otherwise discourage, prevent,
advance the social expose, and correct the
workers own interests. unethical Conduct of
Consultation Seek the advice and Colleagues.
counsel of colleagues Ethical Supervision and Those who supervise
whenever such responsibility consultation an consult should have
consultation is in the in practice the essential
best interest of clients. setting knowledge and skill to
Referral services Refer clients to other supervise or consult
professional when the appropriately an
other professional's should do so only
specialized knowledge within their areas of
or expertise is needed knowledge and
to serve clients fully or competence; are
when social workers reasonable for setting
believe that they are clear, appropriate, and
not effective or making culturally sensitive
reasonable progress boundaries.
with clients and the Education and Social workers who
additional service I training function a educators,
required. field instructors for
Sexual Social workers who students, or trainers
relationships function as supervisors should provide
or educators should instruction only within
not engage in sexual their areas of
activities or contact knowledge and
with supervisees, competence and
students, trainees, or should provide
other colleagues over instruction based on
whom they exercise the most current
professional authority information and
Sexual Do not sexually harass knowledge available in
harassment supervisees, students, the profession; should
trainees, or colleagues. evaluate students
Sexual harassment performance in a
includes sexual manner that is fair and
advances, sexual respectful.
solicitation, requests Performance Social workers who
for sexual favors, and evaluation have responsibility for
other verbal or physical evaluating the
conduct of a sexual performance of others
nature. should fulfill such
Impairment of Social workers who responsibility in a fair
colleagues have direct knowledge and considerate
of a social work manner and on the
colleague's impairment basis of clearly stated
that is due to personal criteria.
problems, psychosocial Clients Records Ensure that
distress, substance documentation in
abuse , or mental records is accurate and
health difficulties and reflects that services
that interferes with provided; include
practice effectiveness sufficient and timely
should consult with documentation in
that colleague when records to facilitate the
feasible and assist the delivery of services and
colleague in taking to ensure continuity of
remedial action. services provided to
Incompetence of Social workers who clients in the future.
Colleagues have direct knowledge Billing Social workers should
of a social work establish and maintain
colleague's billing practices that
incompetence should accurately reflect the
 nature and extent of with their ability to
services provided and fulfill their professional
that identify who responsibilities.
provided the service in Dishonest, fraud, Social workers should
the practice setting. deceit not participate in,
condone, or be
associated with
Clients Transfer To minimize possible dishonesty, fraud, or
confusion and conflict, deception.
social workers should Impairment Social workers should
discuss with potential not allowed their own
clients the nature of personal problems,
the clients' current psychosocial distress,
relationship with other legal problems,
service providers and substance abuse or
implication, including mental health
possible benefits or difficulties to interfere
risks, of entering into a with their professional
relationship with a new judgment and
service provider. performance or to
Administration Social work jeopardize the best
administration and interest of people for
supervisors should take whom they have a
reasonable steps to professional
provide or arrange for responsibility.
continuing education Misrepresentation Social worker should
and staff development make clear distinction
for all staff for whom between statements
they are responsible. made and actions
Commitment to Social workers engaged in as a private
employers generally should individual and as a
adhere to representative of the
commitments made to social work profession,
employers and a professional work
organizations. organization, or the
Labor Social workers my social worker's
Management engage in organized employing agency.
Disputes action, including the Solicitation Social worker should
formation of and not engage in uninvited
participation in labor solicitation of potential
unions to improve clients who, because of
services to clients and their circumstances,
working condition are vulnerable, to
Ethical Competence Social worker accept undue influence,
responsibility responsibility or manipulation, or
as employment only on coercion.
professionals the basis of existing Acknowledging Social workers should
competence or the credits take responsibility and
intention to acquire credit, including
the necessary authorship credit, only
competence. for work they have
Discrimination Social worker should actually performed and
not practice, condone, to which they have
facilitate, or contributed .
collaborate with any Ethical Integrity of Social workers should
form of discrimination responsibility Profession work toward the
on the basis of race, to the social maintenance and
ethnicity, national work promotion of high
origin, color, sex, profession standards of practice;
sexual orientation, should uphold and
gender identity, or advance the values,
expression, age , ethics, knowledge and
marital status, political mission of the
belief, religion, profession.
immigration status, Evaluation and Social workers should
and mental or physical Research monitor and evaluate
disability. policies, the
Private Conduct Social workers should implementation of
not permit their private programs, and practice
conduct to interfere interventions.
 Communication is a manner of passing information
Social workers Should between people or group for common
promote and facilitate understanding and confidence. It includes the move
evaluation and of information from the sender to the receiver.
research to contribute
to the development of Communication is the process of sending and
knowledge. receiving messages through verbal and/or nonverbal
Ethical Social welfare Social workers should means—speech (oral communication), writing
responsibility promote the general (written communication), signs, signals, and
to the welfare of society, behavior.
broader from local to global
society levels, and the The 7 C’s of the principles of communication
development of
people, their Completeness -The message must be complete and
communities, and their geared to the receiver’s perception of the world. The
environments. message must be based on facts and a complex
Public participation message needs additional information and/ or
explanation.
Social workers
facilitate informed Concreteness- Concrete business communication is
participation by the also about a clear message. This is often supported
public in shaping social by factual material such as research data and figures.
policies and
institutions. Courtesy -In addition to considering the feelings
Public Social workers should and points of view of the target group, it is also
emergencies provide appropriate important to approach the audience in a friendly and
professional services in courteous manner.
public emergencies to
the greatest extent Correctness -A correct use of language has the
possible. preference. In written business communication,
Social and political Social workers should grammatical errors must be avoided and stylistic
action engage in social and lapses or a wrong use of verbs are not sufficient
political action that
either in verbal communication.
seeks to ensure that all
people have equal Consideration-Communicating with the target
access to the group (Consideration).
resources,
employment, services, Conciseness -A message is clear when the storyline
and opportunities they is consistent and when this does not contain any
require to meet their inconsistencies.
basic human needs and
to develop fully. Basic Elements of Communication Process
Social workers should Source -The source is the person or thing (living or
act to expand choice non-living thing) making serious attempt to share
and opportunity for all information.
people.
Medium is the immediate form which a message
Social workers should takes.
promote conditions
that encourage respect Encoding refers to the way the communication
for cultural and social source creates the message into a form that can be
diversity. understood by the receiver.

Social workers should Channel An encoded message is delivered by the

act to prevent and source through a channel.
eliminate domination
of, exploitation of, and Decoding . This is where listening, and reading
discrimination against directions carefully, makes its claim to be recognized
person or group. —decode with care, my friends.

Receiver At the end, the message is delivered to the

receiver

Module 2 : DISCIPLINE OF Feedback A better word will be “reaction” or

“responses.” The source judges its success based on
COMMUNICATION
the feedback it receives, so pay close attention.
Lesson 1: Communication Context . is simply the condition in which your
message is presented. It is the atmosphere, climate
that exists when people communicate with each
other.

Effect. Refers to the consequence or result – or lack

of result, for that matter- of a communicative act.