COURSEMODULE 1

Chapt
er5:LATERPERI
ODSI
NAMERI
CANLI
TERATURE
Thischapterfocusthedevel
opmentofcultures,beli
efs,char
acter
sandregi
onaldial
ect
overawi despectr
um ofli
ter
aryworks.Theindustri
ali
zation,
all
owsstudent
stobemor e
profi
cienti
ntermsinlanguageusebutalsoper sonalgrowthandsoci
almaturi
ty.

Lear
ningOut
comes
Att
heendoft
hischapt
ery
ouwi
l
lbeabl
eto:
1.Underst
andthelaterper
iodsofAmeri
canLi
terat
ureasr
elev
antpi
ecesi
nthe
cur
rentworl
dhistoryandli
ter
atur
ecompendium
2.Conv eyideasthroughor al
/audio-
visual
,and/
orweb-basedpr
esent
ati
onsf
or
diff
erenttargetaudiencesinlocalandglobalset
ti
ngsusi
ngappr
opri
ate
register
s
3.Appr
eci
atet
hel
i
ter
atur
esonl
aterper
iodsofAmer
icanLi
ter
atur
e

4.
5.

Thenextsecti
onisthecont
entofthi
schapter.I
tcontainsessenti
ali
nfor
mati
onof
t
hetopicsbasedonthelear
ningoutcomes.Pleasecompr ehensi
velyr
eadt
he
cont
entandenjoyaccompli
shingdi
fferentacti
vi
ti
esprepared.

CONTENT
COURSEMODULE 2

THEAMERI
CANREPUBLI
CANDCONTEMPORARYPERI
OD

Regi
onal
i
sm andCul
tur
alI
ndependence

WHATI
SREGI
ONALI
SM?
• Of
tencal
l
ed“
local
col
our
”because
• itsoughtt
ocapt
uret
heessenceofl
i
fei
nthev
ari
ousr
egi
onsofourgr
owi
ng
count
ry
• itfocusedonlocalcul
tur
es/customs,bel
ief
s,char
act
ers,r
egionaldi
alect/speech,
l
andscape/topogr
aphy,andotherfeat
uresspeci
fi
ctoacertai
nregion(i
.e.theSouth)
• Coi
nci
dedwi t
handi
sconsi
der
edpar
tofReal
i
sm becauset
heyshar
edmanyof
t
hesametrai
ts.
• Anoutgr
owthofr
eal
i
sm wi
thmor
efocusonapar
ti
cul
arset
ti
ngandi
tsi
nfl
uence
ov
erchar
acter
s
• Depi
ctedor
dinar
ypeopl
eandev
ery
daypl
acesar
oundt
hem.
• Pr
omi
nentf
rom 1865-
1895.

WHYDI
DREGI
ONALI
SM DEVELOP?
• TheCiv
ilWar, I
ndust
rial
i
zat
ion,
andt
hebui
l
dingofanat
ionali
dent
it
yresul
tedi
na
needf
orpreser
vingtheregi
onal
• Theindustr
ialr
evol
uti
oncal
ledforstandar
dizat
ion,masspr
oduct
ionofgoods
andst
reamli
nedchannel
sofdi
stri
but
ion.
• America wasleaping i
nto a new modern age and peopl
efear
ed t
hatl
ocal
f
olkway
sandt r
adi
tionswouldbesoonf or
gott
en.
• Respondingt othesesent
iments,r
eal
ist
icwrit
erssett hei
rstori
esi nspeci
fi
c
Ameri
canregions,r
ushingt
ocaptur
ethe"l
ocalcol
our"bef
oreitwaslost.
• I
tpr
esent
edanost
algi
cmoodofat
imebef
oremasspr
oduct
ionandnoi
syur
ban
l
i
fe.
• Addit
ional
l
y,notal
loft
henew wri
ter
softhisti
meper
iodwer
eeducat
edi
nthe
East
,asmostprevi
ousAmer
icanwr
it
ershadbeen.
• Manycamef r
om theSouth,Midwest,orWestandt
herefor
edidnotpr
esentt
he
unusual
char
act
ersandexot
icsett
ingsfamili
art
oRomanti
cistwri
ti
ng.
COURSEMODULE 3

• Inst
ead,
Regional
i
stwr
it
erswr
oteaboutwhatt
heysawandknew:
ever
ydayl
i
fe
wheret
heyli
ved.
REGI
ONALI
STWRI
TERS
• Kat
eChopi
n—Sout
h
• Mar
yE.Wi
l
kinsFr
eeman—NewEngl
and
• Mar
kTwai
n—West
• Wi
l
laCat
her
—Mi
dwest

ShewasanAmer
icanaut
horofshor
tst
ori
esandnov
els
basedi
nLoui
siana.Sheoneoft
hemostf
requent
lyr
ead
andr
ecogni
zedwr
it
ersofLoui
sianaCr
eol
eher
it
age.
Hermaj
orwor
kswer
etwoshor
tst
orycol
l
ect
ions:
Bay
ou
Fol
k(1894)andANi
ghti
nAcadi
e(1897) Kat
eChopi
n
Kat
eChopi
n
Shewasapr
omi
nent19t
h-cent
uryAmer
icanaut
hor
.
Shei
sbestknownf
ort
wocol
l
ect
ionsofst
ori
es,
AHumbl
e
RomanceandOt
herSt
ori
es(
1887)andANewEngl
and
NunandOt
herSt
ori
es(
1891)
.

Mar
yEl
eonarWi
l
kins
Fr
eeman

HewasanAmer
icanwr
it
er,
humor
ist
,ent
repr
eneur
,
publ
i
sher
,andl
ect
urer
.Hewasl
audedast
he"
great
est
humour
ist[
theUni
tedSt
ates]haspr
oduced"
,andWi
l
li
am Faul
kner
cal
l
edhi
m"Thef
atherofAmer
icanl
i
ter
atur
e”
COURSEMODULE 4

Mar
kTwai
n

ShewasanAmer
icanwr
it
erwhoachi
evedr
ecogni
ti
on
f
orhernov
elsoff
ront
ierl
i
feont
heGr
eatPl
ains,
incl
udi
ng
OPi
oneer
s!(
1913)
,TheSongoft
heLar
k(1915)
,andMy
Ánt
oni
a(1918)
.In1923shewasawar hePul
dedt i
tzerPr
ize
orOneofOur
f s(1922)
,anov
elsetdur
ingWor
ldWarI
.
WI
LLACATHER

OTREALI
SM ANDI
NDUSTRI
ALI
ZATI
ON

WHATI
SREALI
SM?

 Al i
ter
arymov ementt hatdevel
oped t
owar
ds t
he end oft he Civ
ilWarand
st
ressedtheactual
(real
it
y)asopposedt
othei
maginedorfancif
ul.

 Al
soknownas“
ver
isi
mil
i
tude”(
theappear
anceorsembl
anceoft
rut
horr
eal
i
ty)
.

 Aimedt ocr
eat
etheappear
anceofordi
naryli
feandr
endert
het
rut
hofev
ery
day
exper
ienceasi
ndi
vi
dual
ssaw,hear
d,andfelti
t.

 Li
teraryreal
i
sm i
sa19thcent
uryconcepti
onrel
atedt
oindustr
ialcapi
tal
i
sm.I
n
general,i
tmeanstheuseoftheimaginat
iontorepr
esentthi
ngsascommon
sensesupposest
heyar
e.

 I
nitsli
ter
aryusage,t
heter
mreal
ism i
sof t
endefi
nedasamet hodorfor
min
f
ict
iont
hatprovi
desa“sl
i
ceofl
i
fe,
”an“accur
ater
epresent
ati
onofr
eal
i
ty.
”

 Fer
ti
lel
i
ter
aryenv
ironment

 Ri
singmi
ddl
ecl
ass&l
i
ter
acyr
ates

 Wi
thi
ncr
easedl
i
ter
acy&democr
acycameapubl
i
chungr
yfort
rut
h&awar
eness

 Real
i
stl
i
ter
atur
eshowedmul
ti
plev
iewsofl
i
fe:
all
classes,
races,
gender
s

 Par
ti
cul
arl
ylower
/mi
ddl
ecl
asses

 Hi
ghl
i
ght
ingcl
assst
rat
if
icat
ion/
inequi
ty
COURSEMODULE 5

 Rev
eal
i
ngt
heugl
i
ness&cr
uel
tyofl
i
fe,
butl
eav
ingconcl
usi
onst
other
eader

 Dar
ksi
deofAmer
ica

 Abol
i
tioni
sm &post
-sl
aver
yst
ori
es

 Femi
nism &women’
sri
ght
s

 Or
igi
nsofMuckr
aki
ngj
our
nal
i
sm

 Exposecor
rupt
ion,
par
ti
cul
arl
ypol
i
tical
&cor
por
ate(
cont
inuest
oday
…)

 Li
ter
atur
etr
iedt
odot
hesame

 Emphasi
zedt
hedev
elopmentofbel
i
evabl
echar
act
ers.

 Wr
it
teni
nnat
ural
ver
nacul
ar,
ordi
alect
.

 Pr
omi
nentf
rom 1860-
1910.

Themainpri
nci
pleofreal
i
sm wastoshowt hetr
uthful
nessoft
hei
rworl
dthr
ough
ar
t.Thearti
stsdepi
ctedthesubject
splai
nlyast heylooked,t
heydidnotpaygreat
at
tent
iontoemoti
onbutinst
eaddrewthesceneastheysawi t
.
TheReal
i
sm movementwasat
imei
nwhi
char
ti
stpai
ntedt
hebeaut
yofwhatwas
t
rul
ygoingoni
ntheworl
d.

WHYDI
DREALI
SM DEVELOP?
• Asar
eact
iont
oRomant
ici
sm
• I
nvent
ionoft
hephot
ogr
aph
• Capt
uredt
ruel
i
fe
• Thehor
ror
sanddi
sil
l
usi
onmentoft
heCi
vi
lWar
‒ Thewarhaddest
roy
edt
heRomant
icv
iewofhumani
ty
‒ Theimmensecostofl
i
fef
rom t
heCi
vi
lWarcausedAmer
icanst
ofocusi
nst
ead
ont
hehar
dreal
i
tiesofl
if
e.

REALI
STWRI
TERS
• Mar
kTwai
n
• Wi
l
li
am DeanHowel
l
s
COURSEMODULE 6

• Henr
yJames
• EdgarLeeMast
ers
• O.Henr
y
• Kat
eChopi
n
• Char
lot
tePer
kinsGi
l
man

WHATI
SINDUSTRI
ALI
ZATI
ON?

 I
ndust
ri
ali
zat
ionistheprocessbywhi
chaneconomyistr
ansfor
medfr
om
pr
imar
il
yagri
cult
uraltoonebasedonthemanufact
uri
ngofgoods.

 Indi
vi
dualmanuall
aborisof
tenrepl
acedbymechani
zedmasspr
oduct
ion,
andcraf
tsmenarerepl
acedbyassemblyl
ines.

 Charact
eri
sti
cs of i
ndustri
ali
zat
ion i
ncl
ude economi c growth,more
ef
fici
entdi
visi
onofl
abor,andtheuseoftechnol
ogi
calinnovati
ontosol
ve
pr
oblemsasopposedtodependencyonconditi
onsoutsidehumancontr
ol.

 I
ndust
ri
ali
zati
oni
satransf
ormati
onawayfr
om anagr
icul
tur
al-orr
esour
ce
-
basedeconomy,
towardaneconomybasedonmassmanufacturi
ng.

 I
ndust
ri
ali
zat
ioni
susual
lyassoci
atedwi
thi
ncr
easesi
ntot
ali
ncomeand
l
i
vingst
andardsi
nasoci
ety
.

 Ear
lyi
ndust
ri
ali
zat
ionoccurr
edi nEur
opeandNorthAmeri
cadur
ingt
he
18t
hand19thcent
uri
es,andlat
erinot
herpar
tsoft
hewor
ld.

 Numerousstr
ategi
esf
orindustr
ial
izat
ionhavebeenpur
suedi
ndi
ff
erent
count
ri
esoverti
me,wi
thv
aryinglev
elsofsuccess.

I
NDUSTRI
ALREVOLUTI
ON

 TheI ndustri
alRevol
uti
ontracesitsroot
stothelate18thcentur
yinBrit
ain.Pr
ior
tot he pr oli
fer
ati
on of industr
ialmanufact
uring faci
li
ti
es,fabr
icati
on and
processingwer egener
all
ycarri
edoutbyhandinpeople'shomes.

 Thest
eam engi
newasakeyi
nvent
ion,asi
tal
l
owedf
ormanydi
ff
erentt
ypesof
machi
ner
y.

 Growthofthemetal
sandt
exti
l
esi ndust
ri
esal
l
owedf
ort
hemasspr
oduct
ionof
basi
cpersonal
andcommer
cialgoods.
COURSEMODULE 7

 Asmanufact
uri
ngacti
vi
ti
esgrew,tr
anspor
tat
ion,f
inance,andcommuni
cat
ions
i
ndust
ri
esexpandedt
osuppor
tthenewproducti
vecapacit
ies.

LATERPERI
ODSOFI
NDUSTRI
ALI
ZATI
ON

 Worl
dWarI Icr
eatedunprecedent
eddemandf orcertai
nmanuf
actur
edgoods,
l
eadi
ngtoabui ldupofpr oduct
ivecapacit
y.Afterthewar,r
econst
ructi
onin
Eur
opeoccur
redalongsi
deamassi v
epopulati
onexpansioni
nNort
hAmer i
ca.

 Thisprov
idedfurt
hercatal
yststhatkeptcapaci t
yuti
l
izati
onhighandst
imul
ated
furt
hergrowth ofi ndust
ri
alact i
vi
ty.I nnovati
on,special
i
zati
on,and weal
th
creati
onwerecausesandeffect
sofi ndustri
ali
zati
oni
nt hi
speri
od.

 Thelat
e20thcentur
ywasnotewor
thyf
orr
api
dindust
ri
ali
zat
ioni
not
herpar
tsof
theworl
d,not
abl
yEastAsi
a.

 TheAsi
anTigersofHongKong,SouthKorea,Tai
wan,andSi
ngapor
ear
ewel
l
knownf
oreconomicgr
owt
hthatal
ter
edthoseeconomies.

 Chi
nafamouslyexper
iencedi
tsowni
ndustri
alr
evol
uti
onaftermov
ingt
owar
da
moremixedeconomyandawayf r
om heav
ycentral
planni
ng.

ST.NI
CHOLASANDROBERTFROST-STOPPI
NG
BYTHEWOODSONASNOWYEVENI
NG

Whosewoodst
hesear
eIt
hinkIknow.Hi
shousei
sin
t
hev
il
lage,
though;
Hewi
l
lnotseemest
oppi
ngher
e
Towat
chhi
swoodsf
il
lupwi
thsnow.

Myl
i
ttl
ehor
semustt
hinki
tqueerTost
opwi
thouta
f
armhousenearBet
weent
hewoodsandf
rozenl
ake
Thedar
kestev
eni
ngoft
hey
ear
.
Hegi
veshi
shar
nessbel
l
sashakeToaski
fther
eissomemi
stake.
Theonl
yot
hersound'
sthesweepOfeasywi
ndanddownyf
lake.
COURSEMODULE 8

Thewoodsar
elov
ely
,dar
kanddeep,
ButIhav
epr
omi
sest
okeep,
Andmi
l
est
ogobef
oreIsl
eep,
Andmi
l
est
ogobef
oreIsl
eep.

Act
ivi
ty#1

Dir
ecti
ons:Fr
om t
hepoem “
Stoppi
ngbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”byRober
tFr
ost
,compl
etet
he
boxesbelowbypr
ovi
dingy
ourownunder
standi
ngofev
eryst
anza.

Li
ter
aryText
s Meani
ng

TheAdvent
uresofTom Sawy
er
1876nov
elbyMar
kTwai
n.
Itisaboutay oungboygr owi
ngupalongthe
M Missi
ssi
ppiRi
ver.I
tisseti
nthe1840si
nthe
f
ict
ionalt
own ofSt
.Pet
ersbur
g,i
nspi
red by
Hanni
bal
,
Mi
ssour
i,wher
e Twai
nli
ved asa boy
.Int
he
nov
el
Tom Sawyerhasseveraladv
entur
es,of
tenwit
h
hi
sf r
iendHuckl
eber
ryFi
nn.Ori
ginall
yacommer ci
alfai
l
ure,
thebookendedupbeingt
he
bestsell
i
ngofanyofTwain'
swor ksdur
inghi
sli
feti
me.

"
Dr.Hei
degger
'sExper
iment
"isr
oot
edi
nar
ather
pessi
mist
icv
iewofhumannat
ure.Thest
ory
COURSEMODULE 9

ar
gues
t
hatpeopl
ear
e,f
ort
hemostpar
t,f
ool
s.Theydon'
t
l
ear
nfr
om t
hei
rmi
stakes,
they
'r
egener
all
ypet
ty,
and
wecan'
texpectany
onet
ochangef
ort
hebet
ter
.

 AnAmer
icancl
assi
candgr
eatbest
sel
l
erf
orov
er
t
hir
tyy
ear
s,ASepar
atePeacei
sti
mel
essi
nit
sdescr
ipt
ion
ofadol
escencedur
ingaper
iodwhent
heent
ir
ecount
rywas
l
osi
ngi
tsi
nnocencet
othesecondwor
ldwar
.

 Abest
sel
l
erf
ormor
ethant
hir
tyy
ear
s,ASepar
ate
Peacei
sJohnKnowl
escr
owni
ngachi
evementandanundi
sput
ed
Amer
icancl
assi
c.

Act
ivi
ty#2

Di
rect
ions:Readandref
lectt
heshortsummaryoft
henovel“
ASeparat
ePeace”byJohnKnowl
es.
Answerinaparagr
aphformthequesti
onsbel
ow.Ever
yquesti
onmusthav
e2par agr
aphs.

1.Whatl
essonshav
eyoul
ear
nedf
rom t
henov
el“
ASepar
atePeace”
.

2.Shar
eyourr
elat
abl
eexper
iencest
hathav
ehappenedi
nyourl
i
fewi
thy
ourf
ri
ends.

3.Def
ineJeal
ousyi
nyourownwor
dsandhowi
taf
fect
sfr
iendshi
p.

4.Descr
ibet
heper
sonal
i
tyoft
hechar
act
ersi
nthenov
el.

NEW AMERI
CANVOI
CES

TheNewAmer
icanVoi
cesPl
aywr
it
ingFest
ival
isanat
ional
play
wri
ti
ngcont
estwhi
ch
COURSEMODULE 10

annual
l
yfeatur
esf
ournewAmer
icanpl
aysbysomeoft
henat
ion'
stopemer
ging
pl
aywri
ghts.
Thepl
aysareperf
ormedbylocalact
ors,
andf
oll
owedbyat
alkbackswi
tht
he
pl
aywr
ight
s,di
rect
orsandcasts.

Ont
heRoadi
sa1957nov
elbyAmer
icanwr
it
er
JackKer
ouac,
basedont
het
rav
elsofKer
ouac
andhi
s
f
ri
endsacr
osst
heUni
tedSt
ates.I
tisconsi
der
ed
a
def
ini
ngwor
koft
hepost
warBeatand
Count
ercul
tur
e
gener
ati
ons,
wit
hit
spr
otagoni
stsl
i
vingl
i
fe
agai
nsta
backdr
opofj
azz,
poet
ry,
anddr
uguse.

Ni
net
een Ei
ght
y-Four
:A Nov
el,of
ten publ
i
shed as
1984,
i
sady
stopi
annov
elbyEngl
i
shnov
eli
stGeor
geOr
wel
l
.
I
t
waspubl
i
shedon8June1949bySecker&War
bur
g
as
Or
wel
l
'sni
nthandf
inal
bookcompl
etedi
nhi
sli
fet
ime.
Themat
ical
l
y,Ni
net
eenEi
ght
y-Fourcent
ersont
he
COURSEMODULE 11

consequences of gov
ernment ov
er-
reach,
t
otal
i
tar
iani
sm,
masssur
vei
l
lance,
andr
epr
essi
ver
egi
ment
ati
onofal
l
personsandbehaviour
swi t
hinsoci
ety
.Mor ebr
oadl
y,
i
t exami
nest
her
oleoft
rut
handfactswit
hinpol
i
ticsandthei
rmanipul
ation.

ACADEMI
CHONESTYFORM

Decl
arat
ion

1. Iunderst
andwhatacademi
cdi
shonest
yent
ail
sandam awar
eofBCFI
’
s
pol
ici
esinthi
sregar
d.

2. Ideclarethatt
hisacit
ivi
tyismyown, ori
ginalwork.WhereIhav eused
someoneel se’
sworkIhav eindi
cat
edt hi
sbyusi ngtheprescri
bedstyleof
ref
erencing.Ev
erycontri
buti
onto,andquot at
ionin,t
hisassignmentfrom t
he
workorwor ksofotherpeoplehasbeenref er
encedaccordingtothissty
le.

3. Ihavenotall
owed,andwil
lnotal
l
ow,anyonet
ocopymywor
kwi
tht
he
i
ntent
ionofpassi
ngitof
fashisorherownwork.

4. Idi
dnotmakeuseofanot
herst
udent
’
swor
kandsubmi
tt
edi
tasmyown.

5. Iam awaret
hatmar
kscanbededuct
edf
orpoor
/nor
efer
enci
ngi
nthi
s
exami
nat
ion.
COURSEMODULE 12

NAME:

I
DNUMBER:

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PHYSI
CALADDRESS:

DATE:

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SSI
GNATURE: