TECHNI

QUESOFTEACHI
NGSPEECHSKI
LL
Teachingspeechski ll
srequiresacombi nat
ionofeffecti
vet echniquesandstr
ategi
estohelplearner
sdev el
op
thei
ror alcommuni cati
onabi l
it
ies.Despi
tethisgeneraltheoreti
calaccept
anceoft heimport
anceoft alkand
l
earning,itremai
nsdi f
fi
culttomakespacef orregul
ar,ext
endedt alkinourcl
assrooms.Accept
ingthevali
dit
yof
anideai sonethi
ng; makingithappenisanother.Wecansol vethisprobl
em i
fweadaptthefoll
owingtechni
ques
ofdev el
opingSpeechSkills.

St
ageOne:I
MITATI
VEPRACTI
CE
Imit
ati
vepr acti
ceinspeaki
ngskillref
erstoat echni
quewherel ear
ner
si mitat
eandr eproducethespeech
patt
ernsandsoundsdemonst r
atedbyamodel ,t
y pi
cal
l
ytheteacheroranat i
vespeaker
.Itinvol
vesmimicki
ng
the corr
ectpr onunci
ati
on,i
ntonati
on,rhy
thm,and ot heraspects of speech t
o dev el
op accur
ate oral
communi cati
onskil
ls.

Inimi t
ati
ve pr
act
ice,learner
sf ocus on repl
icat
ing t
he tar
getlanguage accur atel
y wit
houtnecessar
il
y
underst
andingt
hemeaningorcont extbehi
ndthewordsorphr
asestheyareimit
ating.Itiscommonl
yusedinthe
earl
ystagesofl
anguagelearni
ngorwhenl ear
nersar
eunfamil
i
arwit
ht het
argetlanguage.

Thepurposeofimi
tati
vepracticeistodevel
oplearners'
abil
i
tytoproducesoundsandspeechpatter
nssimi
larto
thoseofnat i
vespeaker
s.I thelpslearner
sdev elopproperpronunci
ation,i
ntonat
ion,andar
ti
culat
ionskil
l
s,
all
owingthem t
ocommuni catemor eef
fecti
vel
yandbeunder st
oodbyot hers.

Duri
ngimit
ati
vepract
ice,l
ear
ner
sengageinactivi
ti
essuchasrepeatingaf
tertheteacher,imit
atingdial
oguesor
sent
ences,
pract
ici
ngphoneti
csounds,
orworkingontonguetwist
ers.Thi
stechniquehelpslearnersbuil
dmuscle
memoryanddevelopasenseofthecor
rectpr
onunciat
ionandrhyt
hm ofthetargetlanguage.

Imi
tat
ive pr
actice serves as a f
oundati
on f orfurtherlanguage devel
opment,as learners become mor e
comfor
table and profici
entin pr
oducing accurate speech pat
ter
ns.I tisty
pical
lyf ol
l
owed by st ages of
communicati
vepractice,wher
elearner
sapplytheiracquir
edspeechskill
sinmeaningf
ulandi nt
eracti
vecontext
s.

Iti
simpor t
antt onot et hatwhilei mi
tat
ivepract
icehel
pslearner
sdev el
opaccur
atepr
onunci
ati
onandspeech
pat
ter
ns,itshouldbesuppl ement edwit
hothertechni
quesandactiv
iti
esthatf
ocusoncomprehensi
on,f
luency
,
andauthenti
ccommuni cati
ont oensurewell
-r
oundedlanguagedevel
opment.
Somemor et y
pesof" OralExercisesandGames"ar e:
1. GetAcqui redAct iv
iti
es
2. MatchingGames
3. OralGuessi ngGames
4. SimpleRepet it
ionDr il
l
5. Substi
t ut
ionDr i
ll
6. Question-AnswerDr i
ll
7. Sit
uational

St
ageTwo:COMMUNI
CATI
VEPRACTI
CE
Communi cat
ivepract
iceinspeakingski l
lrefer
st o acti
vit
iesandt echni
questhatpr omot
emeani ngf
uland
i
nteracti
vecommuni cati
oninthetargetl
anguage.Thi
sst ageofspeakpr act
icet
akeusast epf
urt
hertowardst
he
prof
icientoraluseoflanguage.I
tfocusesondev el
opingl earner
s'abi
li
tytouselanguagetoconveymessages,
expr
essi deas,andengageinreal
-l
if
esituat
ions.

Incommuni cati
vepracti
ce,t
heemphasisisnotonlyonaccurat
elanguageproducti
onbutalsoonthef
unct
ional
andef fecti
veuseofl anguageinauthent
iccontext
s.Learner
sar eencouragedt oengageinconver
sat
ions,
discussions,rol
e-pl
ays,andotheri
nter
act
ivet
askswheretheyactivel
yusethetargetl
anguagetocommunicat
e
wi
thot
her
s.

Thekeyf
eat
uresofcommuni
cat
ivepr
act
icei
nspeaki
ngski
l
lincl
ude:

1.Meaningf
ulContext
:Learnersengageinacti
vi
tiesthathav
eacl earpurposeandmeaningf
ulcont
ext
,suchas
di
scussingatopi
cofinter
est,sol
vingaprobl
em, orshari
ngpersonalexper
iences.Thef
ocusi
sonconveyi
ngand
under
standi
ngmessagesr athert
hansolel
yoncor r
ectgrammarorv ocabul
aryusage.

2.Aut
henti
cLanguageUse:Lear nersareexposedt oauthent
iclanguaget
hroughtheuseofr eal
-l
ifemateri
als,
suchasnewsar t
icl
es,vi
deos,orrecor
dings.Thishelpst
hem dev el
opanunderst
andingofhowt helanguageis
usedi
ndif
ferentsit
uat
ionsandenhancestheirabil
i
tytocomprehendandproducelanguagenat
urall
y.

3.Int
eracti
on:Learnersacti
vel
yi nt
eractwithother
s,engagingi nconver
sati
ons,debat
es,ordiscussi
ons.They
pract
iceturn-
taki
ng,activ
elisteni
ng,andr espondi
ngappropr i
atel
yinreal-
ti
me.Thegoali stofostereff
ecti
ve
communi cati
onskil
ls,
incl
udingnegotiat
ionofmeaning,cl
ari
ficati
on,andexpressi
ngopi
nions.

4.Fl
uencyandAccuracy :Whil
et hefocusofcommunicat
ivepract
iceisonmeaningf
ulcommunicat
ion,at
tent
ion
i
salsogiventodevel
opingfluencyandaccuracy
.Lear
nersareencouragedtoexpr
essthemsel
veswi
thincr
easing
conf
idence,usi
ngappropri
atevocabulary
,gr
ammarstruct
ures,andpronunci
ati
on.

5.FeedbackandEr
rorCorr
ect
ion:Feedbackanderrorcorr
ecti
onplayacruci
alrolei
ncommuni cat
ivepr
actice.
Teacherspr
ovi
degui
danceandcorrecti
ononlanguageuse,hel
pinglear
ner
simprovethei
raccur
acyandfluency.
Feedbackcanbegivendur
ingoraf t
ertheacti
vi
ty,hi
ghli
ghti
ngareasforimpr
ov ementandrei
nfor
cingcorrect
l
anguageusage.

6.Coll
abor
ation:Coll
aborati
veact
ivi
ti
esareoftenincor
por
atedintocommuni cati
vepr act
ice,
all
owingl
ear
nersto
worktoget
hert owardsacommongoal .Thispr omotescooperati
on,negotiat
ion,andt heexchangeofideas,
enhanci
nglearners'
speakingski
ll
sandfoster
ingasenseofcommuni tyi
nt heclassroom.

7.Real-
Lif
eSimulati
ons:Simul
ati
ngreal
-l
ifesi
tuati
onsortasks,suchasjobi nt
erv
iews,orderi
ngatar estaurant,
orgiv
ingpresentat
ions,pr
ovi
deslear
nerswithopportuni
ti
estoapplytheirl
anguageskill
si npract
icalcontexts.
Thesesimulat
ionshelpbri
dgethegapbetweenclassr
oom lear
ningandreal-
worldcommuni cat
ion.

Communi cativepracti
cei nspeakingski llai
mst odev eloplearner s'abi
li
tytocommuni cat
eef f
ectiv
ely
,fl
uentl
y,
andconfi
dent lyinreal-l
if
esituati
ons.Itencour ageslearnerstof ocusonconv eyingmeaning,usingappropri
ate
l
anguager esources,andengagi nginaut hent
icinteract
ions.Bypar tici
pati
ngincommuni cat
ivepracti
ceacti
vi
ti
es,
l
earner
sbecomemor epr ofi
cientandcomf or
tableinusingthet ar
getl anguagef
orpract
icalpurposes.
Some mor emet hodsand exer ci
sest hatcan be hel pf
ulf orl earners"To Achi
eve Compet ence i
n Mutual
Communi cationandFl uencyinExpression"are:
1. Role-playExercise
2. Dialogue
3. Discussions
4. Chai nStori
es
5. Telli
ngJokes
6. Talks/Lectures
7. Conv ersat
ion