CH 12 Electrostatics 2013 New

Prepared By: XII – PHYSICS
Sir Danish Ahmed 27 CH – 12
ELECTROSTATICS
Q 1: Define (i) Electrostatics (ii) Charge (iii) Unit of charge (Coulomb).
ELECTROSTATICS:
The branch of physics in which we deals with the study of charges at rest is known as
electrostatics.
CHARGE:[1991]
The property of the matter by virtue of which they exert forces of attraction and repulsion
on one another is called charge. In SI its unit is Coulomb.
ONE COULOMB:
The charge is said to be one Coulomb if one ampere current is passing through the cross
sectional area of conductor in one second
1 Coulomb = 1 Ampere x 1 second
Q 2: State and explain Coulomb‟s law. Derive an expression for the force between the charges in.
(a) A free space. (b) Presence of a medium of relative permittivity.[2003][[2007][2011]
COULOMB‟S LAW:
STATEMENT:
“Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other with the same magnitude of force which
is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.”
EXPLANATION:
If q1and q2 are two point charges placed at a distance „r‟ from each other as shown in figure
then mathematically Coulomb‟s law can be expressed as
Fα
Or F=K --------- (i)

Where „K‟is the constant of proportionality
and its value depends on the medium between charges.
FOR FREE SPACE OR VACUUM:
The value of „K‟ for free space is
K= = 9 x 10 9 N m 2 / C 2
(i) ⇒ F=
This the Coulomb force between two charges in air or vacuum, Where „ ‟ is the
permittivity of free space and in SI its value is 8.85 x 10 – 12 C 2/Nm 2
FOR DIELECTRIC MEDIUM:
If any medium is placed between two charges then the value of „K‟ will be
K=
Where „ ‟ is the absolute permittivity and is equal to
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Market , Gulshan – e – Iqbal , Karachi. Call : 02134173717, WhatsApp : 0332390006
(i) ⇒ F=
Or F=
This is the Coulomb force in presence of any medium, where known as relative
permittivity and its value is depends upon the nature of material placed between the charges.
RELATED NUMERICALS
1) A point charge A of + 4 x 10 – 6 C is placed on a line between two charges B of + 8 x 10 – 6 C &C
of – 9 x 10 – 6 C. The charge A is 4 m from B and 10 m from C. What is the force on A?
[Ans: 21.24 x 10 – 3 N towards C]
2) Two point charges + 1 x 10 – 4 C and – 1 x 10 – 4 C are placed at a distance of 40 cm from each
other. A charge of +6 x 10 – 5 C is placed midway between them. What is the magnitude and
direction of force on it? [Ans: 2700 N towards negative charge]
3) The distance between the electron and the proton of hydrogen atom is about 5.3 x 10 – 11 m.
Compare the electric and gravitational forces between these two particles. [Ans: 2.2 x 10 39]
4) Two unequal point charges repel each other with a force of 0.2 N when they are 10 cm apart.
Find the force which exerts on the other when they are (a) 1 cm apart (b) 5 cm apart. [Ans: 20
N, 0.8 N]
[2006][2010][2015]
5) How many electrons should be removed from each of the two similar spheres each of 10 g so
that electrostatic repulsion is balanced by gravitational force. [Ans: 5.4 x 106 electrons]
[2007]
6) How many excess electrons must be placed on each of the two small spheres placed 3 cm apart if
the force of repulsion between the spheres is 10– 19. [Ans: 625 electrons]
[2012]
7) Two point charges + 2 x 10 – 4 C and – 2 x 10 – 4 C are placed at a distance of 40 cm from each
other. A charge of + 5 x 10 – 5 C is placed midway between them. What is the magnitude and
direction of force on it? [Ans: 4.5 x 10 3 N]
Q 3: Define electric field and electric field intensity. Derive an expression for electric field
intensity due to a point charge. [1984][2005]
ELECTRIC FIELD:
Electric field is a region around a charged body in which another charge experiences an
electric field.
INTENSITY OF ELECTRIC FIELD:
Electric intensity at a point in an electric field is the force experienced by the test charge in
the given field of charge. Mathematically
⃗ =
It is a vector quantity. It is outward for positive charge and inward for negative charge. In
SI its unit is N/C or V/m.
Electric field intensity near an isolated point charge „q‟:
Imagine a point charge “q” is placed at any point „P‟. In order to find electric intensity due
to this charge consider a test charge “qo” placed near the point charge at a point „Q‟ which is at a
distance “r” from „P‟. According to Coulomb‟s law, force experienced by the test charge is given by
= ------------ (i)
Electric field intensity of charge “q” is given by
⃗ =
By putting the value of from equation (i), we get:
⇒ ⃗ =
⇒ ⃗ =
This is an expression for electric intensity due to a point charge.
RELATED NUMERICALS
1) Two charges of +2x10-7C and -5x10-7C are placed at a distance of 50 cm from each other. Find a
point on the line joining the charges which electric field is zero.[Ans: 86 cm away from +ve
charge.]
2) Charges each of + 3 µC are placed at the three corners of a square whose diagonal is 6 cm long.
Find the field intensity at the point of intersection of diagonal. [ Ans: 3 x 10 7 N/C]
3) Find the electric intensity midway between the charges + 1.67 x 10 – 7 C and – 1.67 x 10 – 7 C
separated by a distance of 60 cm.
4) Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field that will counter balance the gravitational
force on a proton. [ 1.02 x 10 – 7 N/C]
Q 4: Define electric flux. Derive an expression for electric flux through the surface of sphere
when a point charge place at the center of sphere.
[1985][1987][1992][1998][2005][2007][2015]
ELECTRIC FLUX:
Electric lines of forces passes through the given area are known as electric flux. It is the dot
product of electric intensity “E” and given area “ΔA”. Mathematically electric flux “Δϕ” can be
expressed as:
Δ ф= E .ΔA
Or Δ ф = E ΔAcosθ
It is a scalar quantity and in SI its unit is N m 2 / C 2 or Volt meter (V m).
 Electric flux will be maximum if E and ΔA are in the same direction (i.e θ = 0o)
 Electric flux will be minimum if E and ΔA are perpendicular to each other (i.e θ = 90o)
 Electric flux will be negative if E and ΔA are opposite to each other (i.e θ = 180o)
Electric flux through the surface of sphere when point charge is
placed at the center of sphere:
Consider a point charge “+q” is placed at center of sphere of radius “r”. In order to
calculate the electric flux “ф” through the sphere, the given sphere is divided into small area “ΔA”.
The electric field “E” is uniform for each element. So the electric flux passes through each “ΔA”
will be
Δ ф = E .ΔA
Δ ф = E ΔAcosθ
Here θ = 0 o ; Putting in above
Δ ф = E ΔAcos 0
Δ ф = E ΔA (1)
Δ ф = E ΔA
Hence the total outward flux through the sphere will be
Ф=∑
Ф=∑
Since electric intensity is uniform throughout the surface of sphere
Ф=E∑
Where ∑ is the total area of sphere = 4 π r 2; Putting in above
Ф = E 4 π r2
∵ E= ; putting in above
Ф= 4 π r2
Ф=
This is the electric flux through the sphere when a point charge is placed at centre of
sphere. Above expression shows that the electric flux only depends upon the magnitude of charge
placed at the centre of sphere and are independent to the radius of sphere.
Q 5: State and prove Gauss‟s law. [1987][89][92][96][98][2000][01][04][06][08][2010][2011][2012]
GAUSS‟S LAW:
“The total outward flux over any closed surface is equal to the ratio of the total enclosed
charge to the irrespective of the way in which the charge is distributed.” Mathematically:
EXPLANATION:
If „q‟ is the total charged enclosed in a Gaussian surface, then according to Gauss‟s law
total outward flux „ ‟ will be mathematically expressed as:
Ф=
PROOF:
Consider a Gaussian surface containing various charges at different positions. If q1, q2, q3 , -
- - - - - - , qn be the total number of enclosed charges then,
=
Similarly
=
Hence the total outward flux passing through the Gaussian surface will be
= + + +--------------+
= + + +-----------+
= ( + + +----------+ )
= (total charge enclosed)

Hence total outward flux over any closed surface is equal to the ratio of the total enclosed
charge to the .
Q 6: By using Gauss‟s law derive an expression for electric field intensity of a uniform spherical
charge at a distance „r‟ from its centre.
OR
By using Gauss‟s law derive an expression for electric field intensity at an external point on
uniform spherical charged surface.[2001][2012]
E
L
ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY AT AN EXTERNAL POINT:

Consider a sphere radius „a‟ on which charge „q‟ is
uniformly distributed. In order to calculate electric field intensity
at point „P‟ which is at a distance of „r‟ from the center „O‟ of the
sphere consider a Gaussian surface containing point „P‟ and split it
into small area A. So the electric flux through each element will be
 = E Acos
Here  = 0 o
 = E A cos 0 o
 = E A
So the total outward flux  will be
 = 
 =  E A
 = E A
Where A is the area of sphere = 4  r 2
 = E x 4  r 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
According to Gauss‟s law
Ф= - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
Comparing equation (i) and (ii):
E x 4  r2 =
E=
This is the electric intensity outside the charge sphere.

ELECTRIC INTENSITY ON CHARGE SPHERE:
In order to calculate intensity on the charge sphere replace „r‟ by „a‟
E=
ELECTRIC INTENSITY INSIDE THE CHARGE SPHERE:

Since there is no charge inside the charge sphere therefore electric field intensity will be
zero inside the charge sphere.
Q 7: By using Gauss‟s law derive an expression for electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet
of charge. [1987][1989][1992][1996][1998][2000][2002][2004][2006][2008][2010][2016]
ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY DUE TO INFINITE SHEET OF CHARGE:
Consider an insulating sheet of infinite extent on which charges is uniformly distributed. In
order to calculate electric field intensity at any point „P‟ consider a Gaussian surface in the form of
cylinder of cross sectional area „A‟ containing point „P‟, then the total flux will be
= + + - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
Where and is the flux through flat surfaces which is supposed to be same and is
the flux through curved surface.
= E A cos 0o
= E A (1)
=EA
Similarly
=EA
But = E A cos 90o
= E A (0)
=0
Putting the values of , and in equation (i)
(i) ⟹ =EA+EA+0
= 2 E A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
According to Gauss‟s law
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iii)
Comparing equation (ii) and (iii),

2EA=
E=
E=
If σ is the charge density of sheet then
σ= ; Putting in above
E=
This is the required expression for electric field intensity of uniformly distributed charge
sheet.
Q 8: By using Gauss‟s law derive an expression for electric field intensity between two opposite
charge sheets. [1987]
ELECTRIC INTENSITY AT A POINT BETWEEN TWO OPPSOTIVELY CHARGED SHEET:
Consider two infinite sheets of equal but opposite distributed charges. Let σ be the surface
charge density of each plate. If E+ is the electric field intensity of positive charged plate and E– is the
electric field intensity due to negative charged plate, then electric field intensity „E‟ at any point
between two plates will be:
E = E+ + E –
E= +
E=
E=
This the magnitude of electric field intensity, direction of electric intensity is directed
towards negative plate.
RELATED QUESTIONS
[1992][2005][2007]
1) Define electric flux. Give the condition for maximum, minimum and negative electric flux?
[2007]
2) Explain electric flux. Under what conditions wills the flux through surface will be
(a) Zero (b) Maximum
[1985][1987][1998]
3) Derive an expression for electric flux passes through a sphere when a point charge place at the
centre of sphere.
[2001]
4) Write difference between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density.
[2005]
5) Write down the definition and units of
(a) Intensity of an electric field (c) Electric flux
(b) Electric potential difference (d) Electric current
[2000]
6) Calculate electric field intensity at a point close to a thin sheet of uniformly distributed +ve
charge.
[2002P.E][2004][2006]
7) Derive an expression for electric intensity close to a non-conducting infinite sheet of charge.
[2002P.M][2008][2010]
8) Apply Gauss‟s law to find electric intensity close to an insulated charged thin sheet of infinite
size.
[2001]
9) Apply Gauss‟s law to find electric intensity due to chargemetallic sphere at point outside the
sphere
[2001]
10) Apply the Gauss‟s law to find electric intensity at any point on the charge sphere.
RELATED NUMERICALS
[1996][2015]
1) A thin sheet of positive charge attracts a light charged sphere having a charge – 5x10– 4C with a
force of 1.695N. Calculate the surface density of the charge. [Ans: 6 x 10– 6C/m2]
[1998]
2) Calculate the force of repulsion on 2x10– 8 C charge if it is placed before a large vertical charged
plate whose charge density is 20x10– 4 C/m2. [Ans: 2.25N]
[2000]
3) A charge particle of 17.7 𝜇C is placed close to a +ve charged thin sheet having charge density
2x10– 6 C/m2. Find magnitude &direction of force acting on charged particle.o = 8.85x10–
12 2
C /Nm2). [Ans: 2N away]
[2002]
4) A small sphere of weight 5x10-3N is suspended by a silk thread 50mm long which is attached to a
point on a large charged insulating plate. When a charge of 6x10– 8C is placed on the ball the
thread makes an angle of 30o with vertical. What‟s the charge density on plane?[ANS: 8.5 x 10– 7
c/m2]
Q 9: Define electric potential and expressed its unit. [2005][2010]
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL:
Electric potential is the work done on unit positive charge in displacing it against the
direction of electric field. Mathematically
Electric potential =
Or V=
It is a scalar quantity and in SI its unit is volt.

ONE VOLT:
Electric potential is said to be one volt if one joule of work is done by displacing one
coulomb charge against the direction of electric field.
RELATED QUESTIONS
[2005][2010]
1) Define potential difference and expressed its unit.
[2003P.M]
2) Define potential difference between two points in an electric field and derive its expression.
[2004]
3) What is absolute potential? Derive an expression for it.
[2004][2015]
4) Define electric intensity and potential difference. Derive relation between electric intensity and
potential difference.
RELATED NUMERICALS
[1985]
1) Find the velocity acquired by an electron in falling through a potential difference of 2000 Volts.
[Ans: 8.4 x 10 7 m/sec]
2) An electron is situated midway between two parallel plates 0.5 cm apart. One of the plate is
maintained at a potential of 60 Volts above the other. What is the force on electron?
[Ans: 1.92 x 10 – 15 N]
3) What is the intensity of an electric field which will just support a water droplet having a mass of
10– 5gram and a charge of 1x10-7 µ C? [Ans: 9.7x105 N/C]
[1990]
4) An oil drop having a mass of 0.002 milligram and charge equal to 6 electrons‟ charge is
suspended stationary in a uniform electric field. Find the intensity. [Ans: 2.04x1010 N/C]
[1991]
5) Calculate the potential difference between the two plates when they are separated by a distance
of 0.005m and are able to hold an electron motionless between them. [Ans: 2.78x10-13Volt]
[1994]
6) Two horizontal parallel metallic plates, separated by a distance of 0.5cmare connected with a
battery of 10 volts. Find electric intensity between the plates and force on a proton placed
between the plates. [Ans: 2000 V/m, 3.2x10-16N]
[2002P.E][2009][2016]
7) A proton of mass 1.67x10-27kg and charge 1.6x10-19C is to be holding motionless between the two
horizontal parallel plates 10cm apart. Find the voltage required. [Ans: 1.02x10-8V]
[2003P.M]
8) A particle carrying a charge of 10-5C starts from rest in a uniform electric field of intensity 50
Volt/meter. Find the force on the particle and the K.E it acquires
when it has moved 1m. [Ans: 5x10-4N, 5x10-4J]
9) Find the potential and field due to charges placed at the ends of the
diagonals of a square as shown in the diagram at the point of their
intersection. Each diagonal is 30 cm long.
10) There is a potential difference of 150 volts between two conductors of a power line. A charge of
600 C is carried from one conductor to the other. What work is required? If the time necessary
to transport the charge is 1.25 sec. How much power is used? [Ans: 9 x 10 4 J, 7.2 x 10 4 Watts]
11) A metal sphere of 100 mm radius has a charge of 4.25 x 10 – 9 C. What is the potential
(a) At its surface (b) At its centre.
What is the potential energy of a charge of 2.5 x 10 – 6 C at a point 150 mm from the centre of
sphere? [Ans: 3.825 x 10 2, 3.825 x 10 2, 6.375 x 10 – 4 J]
12) An electron having an initial velocity of 10 3cm/sec is directed from a distance of 1 mm at
another electron whose position is fixed. How close to the stationary electron will the other
approach? [Ans: 0.5333 mm]
[2011][2017]
13) A proton of mass 1.67x10-27kg and charge 1.6x10-19C is to be holding motionless between the two
horizontal parallel plates. Find the distance between the plates when the potential difference of 6
x 10 – 9 V is applied across the plates. [Ans: 5.88 x 10 – 2-m]
Q 10: Define capacitance. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
(a) When the space between two plates is completely filled with air.
(b) When the space between the two plates is completely filled with dielectric slab.
[1984][1986][1988][1993][1995][1997][1999][2001][2003][2005][2006][2008][11][15][2018]
[2019]
CAPACITOR:
Capacitor is a device used to store electric charge. It consist of two parallel conducting
plates which are separated by a small distance. The distance between the two plates is usually filled
by an insulator called a dielectric.
CAPACITANCE:
Capacitance of the capacitor is the ability to store electric charge. It can be defined as
“Amount of charge store in each plate of capacitor when one volt potential difference is
applied across it.” Mathematically:
C=
In SI unit of capacitance is Farad.
ONE FARAD:
Capacitance of a capacitor is said to be one Farad if one Coulomb of electric charge store in
each plate when one Volt potential difference is applied across it.
CAPACITANCE OF PARALLEL PLATES CAPACITOR:
A parallel plate capacitor consist of two metal plates placed parallel to each other and an
insulating medium is inserted between them called a dielectric.
If „q‟ is the amount of charge store in each plate of capacitor when „V‟ potential difference
is applied across it then capacitance of the capacitor can be expressed as
C = - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
If „d‟ is the distance between plates then electric intensity between two plates can be
expressed as
E=
V=Ed
According to Gauss‟s law electric intensity between two plates is given by
E=
Where is the permittivity of the medium,
; Putting in above
E=
 V= d --------------------- (ii)
If „A‟ is the area of the parallel plates then surface charge density can be expressed as
σ=
 q = σ A ---------------------------(iii)
By putting the value of „V‟ from equation (ii) and value of „q‟ from equation (iii) in equation
(i), we get
(i) ⟹ C =
C=
This is the expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when a dielectric of
permittivity is placed between the plates.
CAPACITANCE IN ABSENCE OF DIELECTRIC:
If air is placed between the plates then =1
∵ C=
C=
This the capacitance of capacitor in absence of dielectric
Q 11: Derive a relation to find the equivalent capacitance of three capacitors connected in series and
parallel.[2002]2003][2016]
PARALLEL COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS:

Capacitors are said to be connected in parallel if there are different path to flow electric
current. In parallel connection potential difference is same in each capacitor but the charge across
each capacitor is different.
EXPLANATION:
Consider three capacitors of capacitance C1 , C2 and C3 are connected in parallelas shown
in figure. If q1, q2 and q3 is the charge across C1 , C2 and C3
respectively and „V‟ is the potential difference across the
combination then the total charge will be
q = q1 + q2 + q3
CV = C1V + C2V+ C3V
CV = V (C1 + C2 + C3)
C = C1 + C2 + C3
Hence in parallel combination total capacitance is equal to
the sum of the individual capacitance.
SERIES COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS:

Capacitors are said to be connected in series if there is same path to flow electric current. In
series connection charge is same in each capacitor but the potential difference across each capacitor
is different.
EXPLANATION:
Consider three capacitors of capacitance C1 , C2 and C3 are connected in series as shown in
figure. If V1, V2 and V3 is the potential difference across C1 , C2 and C3 respectively and „q‟ is the
charge across the combination then the total potential difference will be
V = V1 + V2 + V3
= + +
=q( )
=( )
Hence in series combination the reciprocal of the total capacitance is equal to the sum of the
reciprocal of the individual capacitance.
RELATED QUESTIONS
[2005][2006][2008]
1) Define capacitor and capacitance. On what a factor does the capacitance of any capacitor
depends.
[2001][2008]
2) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when:
(a) The space between two plates is completely filled with air.
(b) The space between the two plates is completely filled with dielectric slab.
[2003 P.E]
3) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when:
(a) Air is medium between the plates (b) An insulating medium is between the plates
[2005][2006]
4) What do you understand by the capacitance of acapacitors? Derive an expression for parallel
plate capacitors with some dielectric between its plates.
[2003 P.M][2009]
5) Derive a relation to find the equivalent capacitance of three capacitors connected in series.
[2002 P.M]
6) Derive a relation to find the equivalent capacitance of three capacitors connected in parallel.
RELATED QUESTIONS
1) The parallel plates of an air filled capacitor are 1.0 mm apart. What must the plate area be if the
capacitance is 1 farad? [Ans: 1.1 x 10 8 m 2]
[2001]
2) A parallel plate capacitor has the plates 10 cm x 10 cm separated by distance 2.5 cm. it is
initially filled with air. What will be the increase in its capacitance if a dielectric slab of the same
area and thickness 2.5 cm is placed between the two plates? (ϵr = 2 and ϵo = 8.85 x 10-12 C 2/ Nm
2
) [ANS: 3.54 x 10-12 F]
3) A parallel plate capacitor has plates 30 cm x 30 cm separated by a distance of 2 cm by how
much the capacitance changes if a dielectric slab of the same area but of thickness 1.5 cm is
slipped b/w the plates. The dielectric constant of material is 2. [ANS: increased by 2.39 x 10-11 F]
4) Two capacitors of 3 µF and 6 µF capacitance are connected in series across a 90 Volt d.c supply.
Calculate the charge and P.D across each capacitor. [Ans: q1 = q2 = 180 µC, 60 V, 30 V]
5) Two capacitors of 2 µF & 8 µF are joined in series and a potential difference of 300 V is applied.
Find charge& the P.D for each capacitor. [Ans: Q 1 = Q 2= 480 µC, V1 = 240 V and V2 = 60 V]
[1995][1999][2019]
6) Two capacitors of 2 µF & 8 µF capacitance are connected in series and a P.D of 200 V is applied.
Find the charge & the potential difference for each capacitor. [Ans: Q 1 = Q 2= 320 µC, V1 = 160
V and V2 =40 V]
[1986]
7) Two capacitors of 3 µF and 6 µF capacitance are connected in series and a potential difference
of 1000 V is applied. Find the equivalent capacitance, charge on the combination and the P.D for
each capacitor. [Ans: Q 1 = Q 2= 2000 µC, V1 = 666.67 V, V2 = 333.33 V and C = 2 µF]
8) A capacitor of 10 µF and one of 20 µF capacitances are connected in across batteries of 600 V

and 1000 V respectively and then disconnected. They are then joined in parallel. What is the
charge on each capacitor? [Ans: 8.66 x 10-3 C, 17.32 x 10-3 C]
[1995]
9) Two capacitors of 4 µF and 6 µF capacitance are charged to potential difference 300 V and 400
V respectively. They are connected in parallel. What will be the resultant potential difference
and charge on each capacitor? (Ans: 360 V, 1.44 x 10-3 C, 2.16 x 10-3 C)
10) A capacitor of 100 pF is charged to a potential difference of 50 V. If plates are then connected in
parallel to another capacitor and it is found that the potential difference between its plates falls
to 35 V. What is the capacitance of second capacitor? [Ans: 42.85 pF]
[1997]
11) A capacitance of 200 µF is charged to a potential difference of 100 V. If plates are connected in
parallel to another capacitor and are found that the potential difference b/w plates falls to 60 V.
What is the capacitance of the second capacitor? [Ans: 133.33 pF]
[2008]
12) A capacitor of 12 µF is charged to a potential difference of 100 V. If plates are connected in
parallel to another capacitor & are found that the potential difference between the plates are
falls to 60 V. What is the capacitance of the 2nd capacitor? [Ans: 8 µF]
[2013]
13) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a compound capacitor, the space between the
plates of which is partially filled with a slab of dielectric.
14) Find the charge on the capacitors connected

as shown in the diagram across a 120 volts
d.c supply.
[Ans: 1.2 µF, Q1 = 144 µC, Q2 = 96 µC, Q3= 48 µC]
[2002 P.M]
15) Find the equivalent capacitance in the given
circuits and charge on each capacitor.
[Ans: C = 3 µF, Q 1 = 30 µC, Q 2 = 10 µC,
Q 3 = 20 µC]
[1993]
16) Find the equivalent capacitance in the given
circuits and charge on each capacitor.
[Ans: C = 6.1 µF, Q 1 = 21 µC, Q 2 = 6 µC,
Q 3 = 15 µC, Q 4 = 40 µC]
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

[2000]
1. Dielectric always the electrostatic force between the two point charges.
(a) Increase (b)Decrease (c) Does not change. (d) None.
[2000][2002P.E]
2. The electric flux through a surface will be minimum, when angle between E and △A is
(a)90o (b) 180o (c) 45o (d) 30o
[2000]
3. The electric field intensity at the centre of a charged sphere is zero
(a)True (b) False
[2000]
4. Electric field intensity at the centre of a charged sphere is
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c)Zero (d) None.
[2001]
5) The electric flux through a close surface depends on the
(a)Magnitude of the charge enclosed by the surface. (b) The shape of the surface.
(c) Position of the charge enclosed by the surface. (d) None of these.
[2001]
6. When three capacitors are joined in series, the total capacitance is
(a)Less than the value of the minimum capacitance. (b) Equal to the sum of capacitance.
(c) Greater than the value of maximum capacitance. (d) None of these.
[2001]
7. The unit of electric intensity is
(a) N-C / m (b) Volt meter (c) Newton Coulomb. (d)Volt / meter.
[2002]
8. The electric field intensity between two similar charged plate is
(a) σ/ϵo (b) σ/2ϵo (c) Zero (d) 2σ/ϵo
[2002P.E][2007]
9. Which of the following is not the unit of electric intensity
(a) N / C (b) V / m (c) J /C-m (d). J /C
[2002P.E][2004]
10. Electron volt is a unit of
(a)Energy (b) Force (c) Potential difference (d) Current
[2002P.E][2004]
11. One joule per coulomb is called
(a) Ampere (b)Volt (c) Farad (d) Tesla
[2002P.M][2006][2010]
12. If 4𝜇F and 2𝜇F capacitors are connected in series, the equivalent capacitance is
(a) 0.76𝜇F (b) 6𝜇F (c) 2𝜇F (d)1.33𝜇F
[2003P.M]
13. If two capacitor of 5𝜇F & 7𝜇F are connected in parallel their equivalent capacitance will
(a) 0.12𝜇F (b)12𝜇F (c) 0.34𝜇F (d) 2.9𝜇F
[2002]
14. Kilowatt hour is the unit of
(a) Power (b) Conductivity (c)Electric energy (d) None of these
[2002]
15. The force per Unit charge is known as
(a) Electric flux (b)Electric intensity (c) Electric potential (d) Electric current
[2003P.E][2004]
16. The presence of dielectric between the plates of a capacitors result in
(a)Increase in capacitance (b) Decrease in capacitance
(c) No change in capacitance (d) None of these
[2003P.E][2005][2009]
17. The change in potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric field is called.
(a) Electric intensity (b) P.D (c) Permittivity (d) Absolute potential
[2003]
18. If dielectric slab is introduced b/w the plates of a parallel plate capacitors, kept at a constant
potential, the charge on the capacitors
(a) Decrease (b)Increase (c) Constant (d) Becomes zero
[2003]
19. Total potential difference across the combination of three cells becomes maximum when
(a) All the three cells are connected in parallel (b)The three cells are connected in series
(c) Two cells are connected in series & third in parallel (d) None of these
[2003P.M][2007]
20. One kilowatt hour is equal to
(a) 3.6 x 105J (b) 36 x 105J (c) 36 x 106J (d) 3.6 x 104J
[2003]
21. One electron volt is the unit of
(a) 1.6 x 10-11J (b) 1.6 x 10-19J (c) 1.6 x 10-19V (d) 3.1 x 10-13V
[2004]
22. The electric field intensity between two appositively charged plates is
(a)σ/ϵo (b) σ/2ϵo (c) Zero (d) 2σ/ϵo
[2004]
23. In case of parallel combination of capacitors, the net capacity is greater than the greatest
individual one
(a) True (b) False
[2004]
24. A parallel plate capacitors is given a charge Q. If the separation between the plates is doubled its
capacity will be doubled
(a) True (b)False
[2005]
25. The minimum electrical charge possible in isolated form is
(a)1.6 x 10-19C (b) 1 x 1012C (c) 1 x 10-6C (d) One Coulomb
[2005]
26. The force on a proton placed between two parallel plates having equal positive charge is
(a) σ/ϵo (b) σ/2ϵo (c)Zero (d) 2σ/ϵo
[2005][2010]
27. The commercial unit of electrical energy is
(a) Joule (b) Kilowatt (c)Kilowatt hour (d) Mega watt
[2005]
28. A dielectric k = 2 is inserted b/w the plates of a 20µF capacitor its capacitance will become
(a) 10µF (b) 18µF (c) 22µF (d) 40µF
[2006]
29. The quantity ΔV/ΔS is called
(a) Electric induction (b)Potential gradient
(c) Electric potential (d) Electric field intensity
[2007][2010]
30. Decrease the separation of two positive charges by one half will cause the force of repulsion to be
changed by
(a) ¼ times (b) 2 times (c) ½ times (d)4 times
[2007]
31. Coulomb / volt is the unit of
(a) Resistivity (b) Resistance (c) Current (d) Capacity
[2007][2010]
32. Which of the following is not the scalar quantity
(a) Potential (b) Electromotive force (c) Electric flux (d)Electric intensity
[2008]
33. The introduction of a dielectric between the oppositely charged plates causes the intensity
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remain constant (d) None of these
[2008]
34. Two positive point charges repel each other with a force of 4 x 10-4N when placed at a distance
of 1 meter. If the distance b/w them is increased by two meter, the force of repulsion will be
(a)1 x 10-4N (b) 8 x 10-4N (c) 2 x 10-4N (d) 4 x 10-4N
[2008]
35. Electric flux through the surface of a sphere which contains a charge at its centre depends on
(a) The radius of the sphere (b) The surface area of the sphere
(c)The amount of charge inside the sphere (d) Amount of charge out side the sphere
[2009]
36. When di electric is placed in an electric field, it becomes
(a) Negatively charged only (b) Positively charged only
(c) Conductive (d)Polarized
[2009]
37. The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor does not depends upon
(a) Area of the plates (b)Nature of the plate
(c) distance b/w the plates (d) Medium b/w the plates
[2009]
38. The electromotive force of three cells each of 2 V in parallel will be
(a) 6V (b) 8V (c)2V (d) 0 V
[2010]
39. Two capacitors of 3𝜇F and 6𝜇F are connected in series, the equivalent capacitance is
(a) 9𝜇F (b) ½ 𝜇F (c)2𝜇F (d) 3𝜇F

CH 12 Electrostatics 2013 New

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CH 12 Electrostatics 2013 New

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Prepared By: XII – PHYSICS

Sir Danish Ahmed 27 CH – 12

Or F=K --------- (i)

By putting the value of from equation (i), we get:

This is an expression for electric intensity due to a point charge.

= (total charge enclosed)

ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY AT AN EXTERNAL POINT:

Comparing equation (i) and (ii):

This is the electric intensity outside the charge sphere.

ELECTRIC INTENSITY INSIDE THE CHARGE SPHERE:

Comparing equation (ii) and (iii),

If σ is the charge density of sheet then

It is a scalar quantity and in SI its unit is volt.

PARALLEL COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS:

SERIES COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS:

8) A capacitor of 10 µF and one of 20 µF capacitances are connected in across batteries of 600 V

14) Find the charge on the capacitors connected

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

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