Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

Basic Education Department – Junior High School Program

PACUCOA Accredited Level III

SCIENCE 7
Third Quarterly Assessment Test Reviewer
Coverage: Workbook p.64-77

I-LIVING & NONLIVING THINGS

BIOLOGY- Science of Life

Branches of Biology:
BOTANY- study of Plants
ORNITOLOGY- study of Birds
ANATOMY-study of internal structure
ENTOMOLOGY-study of Insects
MAMMOLOGY-study of mammals
PALEOZOOLOGY-study of fossils of animals
ZOOLOGY- study of Animals
CYTOLOGY-study of Cells
HISTOLOGY-study of Tissues
HERPETOLOGY-study of Reptiles
MYCOLOGY-study of Fungi
ICHTYOLOGY-study of Fishes

Characteristics of Living Things/ Signs of Life:

- Can move or transfer to other places
- Can reproduce
- Can respond to stimuli
- Can grow or increase its size
- Can think or give opinions
- Can act back or respond
- Can talk or reason out
- Breathing

II- MICROSCOPE-
- From Greek words mikros “small” and skopein ‘”look”
- An instrument or laboratory apparatus used to view microscopic specimens.
- Used to magnify objects too small to be seen by the naked eye.
- Microscopy- science of investigating objects under the microscope

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek – invented the microscope

Parts and Functions of Microscope:

1. Eyepiece/ Ocular / Lens- magnifies the image, 5X – 30X magnification
2. Body Tube- connects the eyepiece and the nosepiece.
3. Nosepiece- holds the objectives , can be revolved or rotated in choosing an objective
4. Objective lens- magnifies the image 4X-100X
5. Stage- holds the slide which contains the specimen,can move up and down.
6. Stage clips- holds the slide being observed
7. Coarse Adjustment Knob- moves the stage up and down to bring specimens on focus.
8. Fine Adjustment Knob- bring the specimen is sharp focus.
9. Mirror- the light source of a microscope
10. Arm- use for support or in holding the microscope
11. Diaphragm- controls the amount of light reaching the specimen
12. Base- supports the entire microscope
 Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
Basic Education Department – Junior High School Program
PACUCOA Accredited Level III

III CELL STRUCTURE:

Parts of the Cell:

1. Cell Membrane- it maintains the integrity of the cell and controls the passage of materials into and
out of the cell.

2. Cytoplasm- cytosol , is the liquid part of the cell

3. Nucleus- “control center/ brain of the cell”

- it controls all the cellular activities

4. Mitochondria- “power house of the cell”

-site of cellular respiration and photosynthesis in plant cell
ATP/ Adenosine Tri-Phosphate- “the energy currency of the cell”

5. Ribosomes- “site of Protein synthesis”

6. Endoplamic Reticulum(ER)- “Passage way of the cell/cell highway”

-transport the materials from ER
Smooth ER (SER)- without ribosomes
Rough ER (RER) – with ribosomes

7. Golgi Apparatus/ Bodies- “Packaging Counter of the Cell “

-modify the products of ER and manufactures polysaccharides

8. Lysosomes- “suicide bag of the cell”

-contains digestive enzymes that destroys foreign objects

9. Vacuoles- “storage sac of the cell”

-stores water or food ,larger and more abundant in plant cells

10. Chloroplast- “coloring pigment of the cell”

-produce Chlorophyll the gree pigment in plants used in food making
Photosybthesis- food making of plants using SOLAR energy
-products are sugar + water + oxygen

11. Cytoskeleton- “framework of the cell”

-gives shape and support

Difference between Plant and Animal Cells:

- Plant Cells have rigid Cell Wall containing Cellulose.
- Plant Cells have large Central Vacuole containing water.
- Plant Cells don’t have Lysosomes or Suicide bags
- Plant Cells have Chloroplast that produce Chlorophyll for Photosynthesis
- Plants Cells are boxed shape while Animal Cells have circular or irregular shapes