ISSUES

1. Short-term
 Soaring energy price
2. Mid-term
 Paris Agreement commitment
3. Long-term
 Supply reliability
 Reduce carbon emissions

SOLUTIONS

TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
One new technology OR an innovative use of existing technology.
Secure fuel supplies OR make energy production and distribution more efficient and effective
- Technical feasibility
- Performance constraints
- How this idea will address the specific challenge of resolving the UK’s energy crisis

(Energy generation) – RELIABLE SUPPLY

SMR
 Address intermittency of renewables.
 Cost reduction – Generation of renewable energy would be much cheaper than conventional
sources (e.g gas usually determines the price of the wholesale energy market). RESEARCH
COST!
Battery storage – Hydrogen (https://www.epo.org/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/energy-
transition-technologies.html)
 To store electricity in large quantities, at a price affordable to supplier and consumer.
Hydropower – Green hydrogen

ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
Incentives to help technology innovation at the local or national level.
- The rationale behind the measures.
- How the measures can help the idea to be more economically feasible. OR The cost and benefit
which will impact the solution.

(Energy generation)
Pump investment into research
Green subsidies

REGULATORY INITIATIVES
A public policy initiative to be implemented by the UK government – to tackle the energy crisis.
- Explain the stakeholders that may be involved.
- How it will help certain solutions.
- Apply the appropriate theory OR evidence from the real-world case study.

(Energy efficiency) – REDUCE PRICE, REDUCE CO2

Product regulation – Ban petrol cars.
Building to reach a minimum energy efficiency standards EPC C (home energy efficiency).
Investing in people’s home for energy efficient.
Domestic solar panel installation subsidies – can have a wide range application to not only limited to
low-income family – but should have a cap on household’s income to prevent people who would be
able to afford it to rely on the govt. grant.
 Advs
√ Solar panel installations take 1-2 days. Larger probably 2-3 months.
√ Save from your own generated energy.
√ You don’t need planning permission.
 Disadvs
 Not much sun in the UK
 If domestic D < S, govt. pays for the feed-in or battery storage installed?
 15 years to break even.
-> But with govt. subsidies, it can be much less.
 Only houses with certain conditions (roof should be unshaded 10am – 4pm…), can
generate electricity via solar panels.
 Rented properties – who should be responsible for it? Landlord – hefty investment…

SOCIAL/BEHAVIOURAL INTERVENTION
An innovative intervention aimed at UK residents to help reduce energy consumption.
- Clear, creative ideas to encourage people’s behaviour change, backed by theory OR evidence from a
real-world case study.

(Energy consumption)
Scheme whereby if households consume < X amount of energy during peak hours, can get credit
 Can save a lot of energy too.
Campaign to minimize energy use: target at struggling families
Public transport cheaper. Micro-mobility, walking, cycling
Issue: Household fuel poverty despite govt. energy bill support (energy price cap, cost of living
payments, support funds helping to pay towards energy bill, etc.) – soaring energy bill.
 Fuel poverty: household that needs to spend 10% or more of its income on energy in order to
maintain a satisfactory heating regime.
 National Energy Action figure: 6.7 million UK households in fuel poverty in February 2023 
8.4 million in coming April 2023.
Solution: Reliable energy supply -> Less dependent on other countries + Focusing on domestic sources
-> Renewables (in line with the govt. commitment to transition to net zero).

PUMP THERMAL ELECTRICITY STORAGE (PTES) OR PHES

Regulatory incentive
A public policy initiative to be implemented by the UK government – to tackle the energy crisis.
- Explain the stakeholders that may be involved.
- How it will help certain solutions.
- Apply the appropriate theory OR evidence from the real-world case study.

Planning; permission
Land allocation

Pull technology to the market – Mandatory energy storage