Quarter 4

MODULE 4

Conservation of
Mechanical Energy
 OBJECTIVES
After the lesson, you should be able to:
➢ analyze the conversion of potential to kinetic energy
and vice versa to given situations (e.g. pendulum,
roller coaster, ascending and descending the stairs;
➢ trace and explain the energy transformations;
➢ Ascertain that the total mechanical energy remains
the same during any process.
 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

The law of conservation of

energy states that energy
can neither be created nor
destroyed, it just
transforms from one form
to another.
 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

The law of conservation of

energy states that energy
can neither be created nor
destroyed, it just
transforms from one form
to another.
 HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANT

1POTENTIAL
1. GRAVITATIONAL
ENERGY 4
4. ELECTRICAL
ENERGY

2
2. KINETIC ENERGY

3 3. MECHANICAL
ENERGY
 MECHANICAL ENERGY
▪ It is the energy acquired
by objects upon which
work is done.

▪ Mechanical energy is the

sum of potential energy
and kinetic energy.

▪ It is the energy
associated by the motion
and position of an object.
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

A. POTENTIAL ENERGY
It is the energy in matter
due to arrangements of
its parts, its
composition, location
and structure. It is
commonly considered
as a stored energy
having the ability to do
mechanical work.
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
GRAVITATIONAL P. E.
It is the energy stored in an object
due to its position above the Earth’s
surface. The SI unit for potential
energy is Newton-meter (Nm) or
Joule (J)
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑔 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
ELASTIC P. E.
It is the energy stored as a
result of deformation of an
elastic object.
1 2
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝑘 = 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑁Τ𝑚)
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Sample Problem #1
A crane lifts a 5kg mass a height of 8 m. Calculate the
gravitational potential energy gained by the mass.

Given: 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝑚 = 5𝑘𝑔 𝑃. 𝐸. = (5𝑘𝑔)(8𝑚)(9.8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 )
ℎ = 8𝑚
𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑃. 𝐸 = 392 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 Τ𝑠 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑁𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝐽
𝑃. 𝐸. =?
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Sample Problem #2
Determine how much energy in a spring with a spring
constant of 15 𝑁/𝑚 stores if it is stretched by 2.0𝑚.

Given: 1 2
𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑘𝑥
𝑘 = 15 𝑁Τ𝑚 2
𝑥 = 2.0𝑚 1
𝑃. 𝐸. =? 𝑃. 𝐸. = (15 𝑁Τ𝑚)(2.0𝑚)2
2

𝑃. 𝐸 = 30𝑁𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝐽
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
MOTION
SOUND
B. KINETIC ENERGY
It is the energy of
moving matter and
wave.
1 RADIANT
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2 THERMAL
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
 FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Sample Problem #3
What is the kinetic energy of a 10 𝑘𝑔 object that is
moving with a speed of 5 𝑚/𝑠?

Given: 1
𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
𝑚 = 10𝑘𝑔 2
𝑣 = 5𝑚Τ𝑠 1
𝐾. 𝐸. =? 𝐾. 𝐸. = (10𝑘𝑔)(5 𝑚Τ𝑠)2
2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 125𝑁𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝐽
 CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

Mechanical energy is the sum

of potential and kinetic
energies in a system. It states
that the total mechanical
energy in a system remains
constant as long as the only
forces acting on it are
conservative forces.

𝑷𝑬𝒊 + 𝑲𝑬𝒊 = 𝑷𝑬𝒇 + 𝑲𝑬𝒇 As a coaster car loses height, it gains speed; PE
is transformed into KE. As a coaster car gains
height it loses speed; KE is transformed into
PE.
 CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Sample Problem #4
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
𝑃𝐸 = 6 𝐽 𝑃𝐸 = 3 𝐽
𝐾𝐸 = 0 𝐽 𝐾𝐸 = 3 𝐽
ℎ = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝑚 ℎ =𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 𝑚
𝑣 = 0 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑣 = 𝟏. 𝟕 𝑚Τ𝑠

𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 3 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 4
As the 2.0-kg pendulum 𝑃𝐸 = 0 𝐽 𝑃𝐸 = 6 𝐽
bob in the above diagram 𝐾𝐸 = 6 𝐽 𝐾𝐸 = 0 𝐽
swings to and fro, its ℎ= 𝟎 𝑚 ℎ = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝑚
height and speed change. 𝑣 = 𝟐. 𝟒 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑣 = 0 𝑚Τ𝑠