AP Calculus Review

1.
Level: AP 2
3x + 1  A B 
x 2
− x−6
dx =   +  dx
 x−3 x+ 2
Find A + B
2. Level: AP 3
 2
1 x3
dx =
Integration by Parts
If u and v are functions of x and have continuous derivatives, then
 
udv = uv − v du .
Guidelines for Choosing “u” and “dv”.

The function piece of the integrand you choose for “u” should be made according to this mnemonic:
L.I.A.T.E.
Logarithm Inverse Trigonometric Algebraic Trigonometric
Exponential
3. Level: AP 2
 2 x sin ( x ) dx
Find u and dv
AP Calculus BC: Integration Techniques for Calculus BC 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
4. Level: AP 3
 1
 2 dx =
 x + 4 x − 21
1 x −3
(A) ln +C
10 x + 7
1  x+2
(B) arctan  +C
5  5 
1 x+7
(C) ln +C
10 x − 3
1 1 1 
(D)  − +C
10  x + 7 x − 3 
5. Level: AP 3
 f ( x)sec x dx = f ( x)  tan x −  6 x 2 tan x dx. Which of the following could be f ( x) ?

2
It is known that
(A) 18 x  sec 2 x (B) 18x (C) 2 x3  sec x  tan x (D) 2x 3
6. Level: AP 4
4
1
1 x−3dx=
3 3
(A) − ln(2) (B) (C) (D) The integral diverges.
2 20
7. Level: AP 4
 x cos(2 x)dx =
1 2
(A) x sin(2 x) + C
4
(B) 2 x sin(2 x) + 4 cos(2 x) + C
1 1
(C) x sin(2 x) − sin(2 x) + C
2 2
1 1
(D) x sin(2 x) + cos(2 x) + C
2 4
8. Level: AP 4
5 6x
 ( x + 2 )( x − 1) dx =
2
27
(A) −
14
 74 
(B) ln  2 
4 
 74 
(C) ln  6 
4 
(D) ln ( 20 )
9. Level: AP 5

1
xe− x dx =
1 2 1 2
(B) − e
2
(A) e (C) (D) The integral diverges.
2 2 e
Free Response Practice
x 1
1. Let f ( x) =  dx , where k is a constant.
3 x +k
2
(a) Let k = 9 . Find f ( 3) .
(b) Let k = −1 . Find f ( 4 ) .
(c) Let k = 0 . Find lim f ( x ) or show that the limit does not exist.
x →
(d) Let g ( x ) = f  ( x ) . Given that k  0 , determine if g has a local minimum, a local maximum, or neither at x = 0 .
Give a reason for your answer.
Additional Multiple-Choice Practice
10. Level: AP 4
 1
 2 dx =
 x − 4 x + 20
1
(A) 3
+C
x
− 2 x 2 + 20 x
3
(B) ln x 2 + 4 x − 21 + C
 x+2
(C) arcsin  +C
 5 
1  x−2
(D) arctan  +C
4  4 
11. Level: AP 4
Which of the following three integrals converge?
1  1
 1 1 1
I.  dx II. 
 2 dx III. 
 4 dx
 x x x
0 1 0
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) II and III only
(D) I, II, and III
12. Level: AP 3
3
 ( x − 1)( x − 4 ) dx =
 x−4
(A) ln  +C
 x −1 
 x −1 
(B) 3ln  +C
 x−4
(C) ln ( x − 1) − ln ( x − 4 ) + C
(D) ln ( x − 4 ) + ln ( x − 1) + C
13. Level: AP 4
x2
 x2 + 1 dx =
(
(A) ln x 2 + 1 + C )
x3
(B) x + +C
3
(C) x − tan ( x ) + C
−1
x3
(D) tan −1 ( x ) + C
3
14. Level: AP 3
x
x 2
+1
dx =
(
(A) ln x 2 + 1 + C )
1
(B) ln ( x 2 + 1) + C
2
(
(C) 2ln x 2 + 1 + C )
1
(D) tan −1 ( x ) + C
2
15. Level: AP 3
1
x 2
+1
dx =
(
(A) ln x 2 + 1 + C )
ln ( x 2
+ 1)
(B) +C
2x
(C) tan ( x ) + C
−1
(D) sin ( x ) + C
−1
16. Level: AP 4
1
x 2
−1
dx =
 x −1 
(A) ln  +C
 x +1 
1  x −1 
(B) ln  +C
2  x +1 
1
(C) ln ( x 2 − 1) + C
2
(D) tan ( x ) + C
−1
17. Level: AP 4
x
x 2
−1
dx =
(
(A) ln x 2 − 1 + C )
1  x −1 
(B) ln  +C
2  x +1 
1
(C) ln ( x 2 − 1) + C
2
x2
(D) ln ( x ) − +C
2
Additional Open Response Practice
18. Level: AP 5
3A
x+ A  A
Given  x ( x − A) dx = ln  3  , find A .
2A
Additional Free Response Practice
2. The function f ( x ) is defined for −2  x  9 and consists of two line segments and a semi-circle as shown in the
figure above.
 ( f ( x ) + 3) dx =
1
(a)
9
xf  ( x 2 − 1) dx =
0
(b) −2
3
(c)  xf  ( x ) dx =
0
(d) Let g be a differentiable function where g  ( x ) = f ( x ) and g ( 7 ) = 2 . Find g ( 5 ) .
Graph created by Bryan Passwater
3. The function f is continuous and differentiable on the interval 0  x  5 . A portion of the graph of f ( x) is
4 3
obscured by a coffee stain. It is known that 
0
f ( x) dx = 8 and  f ( x) dx = −3 and
4
f ( x) is linear on the intervals
4
(0,1) and ( 4,5 ) . For x  5 , f ( x) = , where a is a positive number.
( x − a)2
4
(a) Find  2 xf ( x) dx .
0
 x f (x − 1) dx .
2
(b) Find
1

2
(c) Find  cos x f (sin x) dx .

0

(d) It is known that  f ( x) dx = 9 , find the value of a.
3
Calculus BC - 2022 AP Live Review Session 2: Differential Equations
What Do We Need to Know ? (Slope Fields, Differential Equations, Euler’s Method, Logistic Growth)
dy
Law of Natural Growth/Decay = ky
dt
dTO
Newton’s Law of Cooling * = k (TO − TE )
dt
* Not explicitly tested on the AP Calculus exam
dy  y dy
Logistic differential equation = ky 1 −  or = ky ( L − y )
dy  L dt
End behavior and carrying capacity lim y = L

t →
L
Fastest growth rate occurs when y =
2
2
d y L
Concave up: 𝑦 increasing at an increasing rate 2
 0 when y 
dt 2
2
d y L
Concave down: 𝑦 increasing at a decreasing rate 2
 0 when  y  L
dt 2
dy
Increasing behavior (if initial amount < L)  0 for all t
dt
Topic Name Topic #

Slope Fields 7.3-7.4
Euler’s Method 7.5
Solving a Differential Equation 7.6-7.7
Exponential Models with Differential Equations 7.8
Logistic Models with Differential Equations 7.9
AP Calculus BC: Differential Equations on the Calculus BC Exam 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
Multiple Choice Practice
1. Level: AP2
Which of the following is a logistic differential equation?
dy  y
(A) = 2 y 1 + 
dt  8
dR  R 
(B) = 3 1 − 
dt  300 
dQ  Q 
(C) = 4Q 1 − 
dt  175 
dw  w2 
(D) = 5w  1 − 
dt  15 
2. Level: AP2
Which of the following differential equations is not separable?
dy
(A) = 3 yx − x
dx
dy
(B) = e x−2 y
dx
dy
(C) = 3y − x
dx
dy sin ( 2 x ) + 3
(D) =
dx y −1
3. Level: AP2
dy
Consider the differential equation = x + 2 y where y = f ( x ) be the particular solution through the point
dx
( 2,3) . Starting at x = 2 , which of the following gives the correct set-up for the first step of Euler’s method
when approximating f (1) with two steps of equal size?
1
(A) y1 = 3 + (8)
2
1
(B) y1 = 3 − ( 8 )
2
(C) y1 = 3 − 1( 8 )
(D) y1 = 3 + 1( 8 )
4. Level: AP3
Which of the following differential equations models the slope field shown above?
dy
(A) = y−x
dx
dy
(B) = x− y
dx
dy
(C) = x+ y
dx
dy
(D) = x2 − y
dx
5. Level: AP4
A hilarious meme about Bryan and Tony is spreading among AP Calculus students. The number of students
that have seen the meme follows a logistic curve modeled by the function S ( t ) where t is the time in days.
The number of students that have seen the meme is increasing at a rate of 125 students per day when S reaches
half the carrying capacity of 5000 students.
dS
Which of the following is the logistic differential equation for ?
dt
dS 1  S 
(A) = S 1 − 
dt 10  5000 
dS 1  S 
(B) = S 1 − 
dt 125  2500 
dS  S 
(C) = 10 S 1 − 
dt  2500 
dS  S 
(D) = 125S 1 − 
dt  5000 
6. Level: AP4
Given x 2 dy = y dx , which of the following could be y = f ( x) ?
2 3
(A) y = x +6
3
−1
(B) y = e + 5
x
−1
(C) y = 2e x
2 2
(D) y = x
3
7. Level: AP4
The function y = e 2 x + cos ( x ) is a solution for which of the following differential equations?
(A) y − y + 2 cos ( x ) = 0
(B) y − 4 y + 3cos ( x ) = 0
(C) 4 y − y + 5cos ( x ) = 0
(D) y − 4 y + 5cos ( x ) = 0
8. Level: AP4
A population of meerkats grows according to the logistic differential equation
dM
= 3M − 0.01M 2
dt
with M representing the number of meerkats at time t in years. Which of the following statements are true?
I. If M  300 , the population of meerkats is decreasing.

II. The rate at which the meerkat population is growing is greatest at M = 150.
III. lim M (t ) = 300
t →
(A) I and II only

(B) II and III only
(C) I and III only
(D) I, II and III
x 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4
f ( x ) 4.5 5.5 5 4 6
9. Level: AP5
dy
Let y = f ( x ) be the solution to the differential equation = f ( x) passing through the point (4,1) . Selected
dx
values of f ( x ) are given in the table above. Using Euler’s method, starting at x = 4 with two steps of equal
size, what is the approximation for f (3) ?
(A) −7.5
(B) −4.5
(C) −1.5
(D) 6.5
dy
1. Consider the differential equation = x 2 − 4 y . Let y = f ( x ) be the solution to the differential equation
dx
with the initial condition f (2) = 1 .
(a) On the axes provided, sketch a slope field for the given differential equation at the 6 points indicated.
(b) Let k ( x) = f ( x) − 3 x + 6 . Does k have a local minimum, local maximum, or neither at x = 2 ? Justify
your answer.
x
3e12− 2 x −  tet dt
(c) Find the value of lim 1
or state that it does not exist. Justify your answer.
x →4 x
f   − 2x + 7
2
(d) Let y = f ( x ) be the particular solution to the given differential with f (2) = 1 . Use Euler’s method,
starting at x = 2 with 2 steps of equal size, to approximate f (1) .
Additional Multiple-Choice Practice
10. Level: AP3
dP
Consider the logistic differential equation where the graph of y = P(t ) is shown above. Which of the
dt
dP
following could be an equation for ?
dt
dP
(A) = 120 P
dt
dP  P 
(B) = 2 P 1 − 
dt  120 
dP
(C) = 0.1P ( 240 − P )
dt
dP
(D) = 0.5P ( P − 240 )
dt
11. Level: AP3

dy 3x 2
Find the particular solution to the differential equation = , where y (2) = 3 .
dx 2 y
(A) y = x3 + 1
x3
−4
(B) y = 3e 2
3 2
(C) y = x −3
2
(D) y = x3 + 8
12. Level: AP4
dy 2 x − 6
Let y = f ( x ) be the solution to the differential equation= with initial condition (1, −2 ) . What
dx y
is the approximation for f (2) obtained by using Euler’s method, with two steps, of equal size, starting at
x =1?
1
(A) −8 (B) −1 (C) 0 (D)
2
13. Level: AP4
dy
Let g ( x) = f (2 x − x 2 ) . The slope field for , the derivative of f ( x) , is shown above. Which of the
dx
following could be g (2) ?
(A) −2
(B) −1
(C) 0
(D) 2
14. Level: AP5

dy 1
Solve the differential equation = , where y (0) = 3 − ln 2 .
dx ( x + 1)( x + 2)
(A) y = ln x + 1 − ln x + 2 + 3
x+2
(B) y = ln + 3 − ln 2
x +1
x +1
(C) y = ln +3
2 ( x + 2)
(D) y = ln x + 2 − ln x + 1 + 3
15. Level: AP5
dy  y 
Consider the logistic differential equation = 2 y 1 −  with the condition y (7) = 100 . At x = 10 , which
dx  50 
of the following statements is correct?
(A) y is increasing at an increasing rate

(B) y is increasing at a decreasing rate
(C) y is decreasing and concave up
(D) y is decreasing and concave down
16. Level: AP4
dy
Let y = f ( x ) be the particular solution to the differential equation where f (2) = 1 . A slope field for the
dx
dy
is shown above. Which of the following could be the equation of the line tangent to f ( x) ?
dx
1
(A) y = ( x − 2 ) + 1
2
(B) y = −2( x − 2) + 1
(C) y = 3 ( x − 2 ) + 1
(D) y = 1
17. Level: AP3

dy  y
Let y = f ( x ) be the solution to the differential equation = 3 y 1 −  through the point ( 7, 20 ) . What is the
dx  80 
value of lim f ( x) ?
x →
(A) 40
(B) 45
(C) 80
(D) 
Calculus BC - 2022 AP Live Review Session 3
Taylor Polynomials
What Do We Need to Know ?
Taylor and Maclaurin Polynomials

General Equation for a Taylor Polynomial centered at x = a.
f (a)( x − a)2 f (a)( x − a )3 f ( n ) (a )( x − a )n

Tn ( x) = f ( a ) + f  ( a )( x − a ) + + + +
2! 3! n!
General Equation for a Maclaurin Polynomial (centered at x = 0).
f (0) x 2 f (0) x3 f ( n ) (0) x n

Pn ( x) = f ( 0 ) + f  ( 0 ) x + + + +
2! 3! n!
Open Response Practice
1. Level: AP3
Find the third-degree Taylor polynomial to the equation f ( x) = ln x centered at x = 1.
AP Calculus BC: Taylor Polynomials 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
© Bryan Passwater
2. Level AP4
A function f has derivatives of all orders for all values of x. The graph of f and the line tangent to the graph of
x
f at x = 2 are shown in the figure above. Let g be the function defined by g ( x) = 3 +  f (t ) dt .
2
Find the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g ( x) centered at x = 2 .
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥)
1 −4 4 6 −8
3. Level: AP3
Let P3 ( x) be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f centered at x = 1 , where f has derivatives for all orders.
Selected values of f and its derivatives at x = 1 are shown in the table above. What is the value of P3 (0) ?
4. Level: AP3
2 6
Let P4 ( x ) = 2 − 3 ( x + 1) + 5 ( x + 1) −
( x + 1) + ( x + 1) be the 4th degree Taylor polynomial for the function f
2 3 4
3 5
about x = –1. What is the value of f ( −1) ?
( 4)
© Bryan Passwater
5. Level: AP3
The figure above shows a portion of the graph of f ( x) . Let P2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial to
3( x − 4)
2
f at x = 4 . Explain why P2 ( x )  5 − 2 ( x − 4 ) + .
2
6. Level: AP2
Which of the following is a third-degree Taylor polynomial about x = −3 ?
4 x 2 2 x3
(A) T3 ( x ) = 4 − x + −
2! 3!
4 ( x − 3) 2 ( x − 3)
2 3
(B) T3 ( x ) = 4 − ( x − 3) + −
2! 3!
4 ( x + 3)
2
(C) T3 ( x ) = 4 − ( x + 3) + − 2 ( x + 3)
3
5!
4 ( x + 3) 2 ( x + 3)
2 3
(D) T3 ( x ) = 4 − ( x + 3) + − + ...
2! 3!
7. Level: AP3
3 9
Let P4 ( x ) = −4 + 5 x − x 2 + x 4 be the fourth-degree Maclaurin polynomial for g ( x) . Which of the following
2 4!
statements about g ( x) at x = 0 is true?
(A) g ( x) is increasing and concave up
(B) g ( x) is increasing and concave down
(C) g ( x) is decreasing and concave up
(D) g ( x) is decreasing and concave down
8. Level: AP4
Let D2 ( x) = −2 − 3( x − a) + 6( x − a) 2 be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = a , where a

is a constant. If the graph of g is shown in the figure above, then x = a could be the x - coordinate for
which of the following points?
(A) Point A
(B) Point B
(C) Point C
(D) Point D
𝑥 −2 −1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 7 −3 2
1 1
𝑓′(𝑥) −2 −
2 3
1. The function f has derivatives of all orders. Portions of the graph of f  and the line tangent to f  at x = 1
are shown in the figure above. The graph of f  has horizontal tangent lines at x = 2 and x = 6 . The areas
of the regions bounded by the x -axis and the graph of f  on the intervals [0, 4] and [4,6] are 14 and 5
respectively. Selected values for f and f  are given in the table above.
(a) Let T2 ( x ) denote the second-degree Taylor polynomial for f about x = −2 . It is known that T2 (1) = 4 .
Find f (−2) .
(b) Write the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f about x = 1 .
6
(c) Let g be a function whose derivative is defined by g ( x) =  tf (t )dt and P3 ( x) = 2 + Ax + Bx3 is the
x
third-degree Maclaurin polynomial for g , where A and B are constants. Find the values of A and B
11
given that f (3) ( 0 ) = .
2
𝑥 −2 −1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 7 −3 2
1 1
𝑓′(𝑥) −2 −
2 3
1. The function f has derivatives of all orders. Portions of the graph of f  and the line tangent to f  at x = 1
are shown in the figure above. The graph of f  has horizontal tangent lines at x = 2 and x = 6 . The areas
of the regions bounded by the x -axis and the graph of f  on the intervals [0, 4] and [4,6] are 14 and 5
respectively. Selected values for f and f  are given in the table above.
(d) Let h( x) = f (3 − 4x ) . Use Euler’s method, with two steps of equal size starting at x = 1 , to
approximate h(0) . Show the work that leads to your answer.
75 1
(e) Let T3 ( x) = 51 − 4( x − 11) + ( x − 11) 2 − ( x − 11)3 be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f centered at
2 6
x = 11 . Justify why there must be a value k , for 1  k  11 , such that f (3) ( x ) = 7 .
9. Level: AP5
3x 9 x 2 27 x3 
Let P3 ( x) = −2 + − + be the third-degree Maclaurin polynomial for f ( x) and let  an be a
5 50 500 n =0
 
5
geometric series where  an = − . For which value of x does P3 ( x) give the first four terms for  an ?
n =0 4 n =0
(A) x = −2
(B) x = −1
3
(C) x = −
10
(D) x = 2
Open Response Practice

10. Level: AP5
Let T2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = −1 and let y = 2 x − 3 be the equation of the
line tangent to the graph of g at x = −1 . If T2 (3) = −4 , what is the value of g (−1) ?
11. Level: AP5


1
How many terms will it take to approximate  (−1)
n =1
n +1
n
with an error less than or equal to 0.05?
12. Level: AP5
Let P28 ( x) be the 28th - degree Maclaurin polynomial for f about x = 2 where f ( x) = x28 + e− x 2 . What is the
coefficient of the x 28 in P28 ( x) ?
13. Level: AP4

Let f ( x) = x2e x . Find the first three terms of the Taylor polynomial for f ( x) centered at x = 1.
14. Level: AP4

1
Let W3 ( x) = 2( x − a) +
( x − a)3 be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = a , where a is a
3!
constant. The graph of g is shown in the figure above. x = a could be the x - coordinate for which of the
following points?
(A) Point A
(B) Point B
(C) Point C
(D) Point D
15. Level: AP5
Let f be a function that has derivatives of all orders and let h be a function whose nth - derivative at x = r is
given by h( n) (r ) = f ( n−1) (r + 3) for n  1 . The graph of f  , the derivative of f , is shown in the figure above
along with the line tangent to the graph of f  at x = 1 . It is known that the graphs of both f and h pass thru
the point (−2,3) . Which of the following could be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = −2 ?
(A) y = 3 + 5( x + 2) − ( x + 2)3
5
(B) y = 3 + 2( x + 2) − ( x + 2)3
4
1 8
(C) y = 3 + ( x + 2)2 − ( x + 2)3
2 3
1
(D) y = 3 + 7( x + 2) + ( x + 2) 2 − 2( x + 2)3
3
16. Level: AP3
5
( x − 3) . What is the slope of the line
2
The second-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 3 is P2 ( x) = −7 +
4
tangent to the graph of h at x = 3 ?
5 5
(A) −7 (B) 0 (C) (D)
4 2
17. Level: AP4
Let Pn ( x) be the nth - degree Maclaurin polynomial for k ( x) = cos ( 2x ) where n  0 . What is the coefficient
of x14 in Pn ( x) ?
1 213 214 214
(A) − (B) (C) − (D)
14! 14! 14! 14!
18. Level: AP4
Let P3 ( x) be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x) about x = 4 . The graph of f ( x) is shown in the
figure above. Which of the following could be the coefficient of x 2 in P3 ( x) ?
1
(A) −3 (B) 0 (C) (D) 3
2!
19. Level: AP4
Let P3 ( x) be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x) about x = 4 . The graph of f ( x) is shown in the
figure above. Which of the following could be the constant in P3 ( x) ?
1
(A) −3 (B) 0 (C) (D) 3
2!
20. Level: AP4
Let P2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for f ( x) about x = 4 . The graph of f ( x) is shown in the
figure above. Which of the following could be the expression for P2 ( x) ?
3x 2
(A) 4 − 5 x −
2!
3( x − 4)
2
(B) −5 ( x − 4 ) −
2!
3( x − 4)
2
(C) 5 ( x − 4 ) −
2!
3( x − 4)
2
(D) 4 − 5 ( x − 4 ) −
2!
21. Level: AP4
x
Let P2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = 4 where g ( x ) = 3 −  f (t )dt . The graph
4
of f is shown in the figure above. Which of the following could be the coefficient of x in P2 ( x) ?
1
(A) −3 (B) − (C) 0 (D) 3
2
22. Level: AP4

x
Let P4 ( x) be the fourth-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = 4 where g ( x ) = 3 −  f (t )dt . The
4
graph of f ( x) is shown in the figure above. Which of the following could be the coefficient of x 2 in
P4 ( x) ?
1
(A) −3 (B) − (C) 0 (D) 3
2
23. Level: AP4

4
Let T2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2 where h ( x ) = 5 x +  2 f (t )dt . The graph
x
of f ( x) is shown in the figure above. Which of the following could be the coefficient of x 2 in T2 ( x) ?
(A) −6 (B) 0 (C) 12 (D) There is not enough information given.
24. Level: AP4
4
Let Y2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2 where h ( x ) = 5 x +  2 f (t )dt . The graph
x
of f ( x) is shown in the figure above. Which of the following could be the expression for Y2 ( x) ?
11( x − 2 )
2
(A) 20 + 5 ( x − 2 ) +
2!
11( x − 2 )
2
(B) 20 + 5 ( x − 2 ) −
2!
11( x − 2 )
2
(C) 10 + 5 ( x − 2 ) +
2!
11( x − 4 )
2
(D) 10 + 5 ( x − 4 ) +
2!
25. Level: AP4

2
Let K6 ( x) be the sixth-degree Taylor polynomial for k about x = 4 where k ( x) = e f (5 x− x ) . The graph of
f ( x) is shown in the figure above. Which of the following could be the equation of the line tangent to
graph of K6 ( x) at x = 4 ?
(A) y = 1 + 3( x − 4)
(B) y = 1 − 3( x − 4)
(C) y = 4 + 3( x − 4)
(D) y = −4 − 3( x − 4)
26. Level: AP4
Let P3 ( x) be the third-degree Taylor polynomial for g ( x) about x = 2 . The graph of g ( x) is shown in the
figure above. Which of the following could be the coefficient of x 2 in P3 ( x) ?
1
(A) −3 (B) 0 (C) (D) 3
2!
27. Level: AP4
The function g has derivatives of all orders, and a portion of the graph of g is shown in the figure above. Let
P2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about the point B . Which of the following could be the
expression for P2 ( x) ?
(A) −5 − 2 x + 3x2
(B) −4 − ( x − 3) + 2 ( x − 3)
2
( x − 3)
2
(C) −6 + ( x − 3) −
2!
1 9
(D) −3 − ( x + 3) + ( x + 3)
2
2 2!
28. Level: AP4
The function g has derivatives of all orders, and a portion of the graph of g is shown in the figure above.
Let T2 ( x) be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about the point C . Which of the following could
be the first two terms for T2 ( x) ?
(A) 4 + 3x
(B) −1 + 2( x − 4)
(C) 3( x − 4)
(D) 3 − 2( x − 4)
29. Level: AP4
3
Let M 2 ( x) = −1 + 2( x − c) − ( x − c) 2 be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = c , where c
4
is a constant. The graph of g is shown in the figure above. x = c could be the x - coordinate for which of
the following points?
(A) Point A
(B) Point B
(C) Point C
(D) Point D
30. Level: AP4

1
Let H 2 ( x) = −3 − ( x − c) − ( x − c) 2 be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = c , where c
2!
is a constant. If the graph of g is shown in the figure above, then x = c could be the x - coordinate for which
of the following points?
(A) Point A
(B) Point B
(C) Point C
(D) Point D
Convergent and Divergent Series
Type of Form of
Convergence/Divergence Info Conditions/Comments
Series Series
This sum of this type of infinite series
If 0  r  1, then the series converges. a
Geometric
 is .
Series  ar n If r  1, then the series diverges. 1− r
n=0 Be careful when finding the sum for a
series starting at a value other than 0.
nth Term Test  If lim an = 0, then the nth term test is

n →
If lim an  0, then the series diverges.
for an =1
n n → inconclusive and another test must be
Divergence used.

 If  f ( x) dx is a positive, finite value, f ( x) must be positive, continuous

 an 1
and decreasing
n =1 then the series converges.
Integral Test  
=  f ( n) If  f ( x) dx diverges, then the series
n =1 1
diverges.

1 If p > 1, then the series converges. A series in this form with p = 1 is
p-series Test n
n =1
p
If p  1 , then the series diverges. called the harmonic series.
 The series must all have positive
If 0  an  bn and  bn is known to terms.
n =1

converge, then a n converges.
Direct  n =1
Comparison an =1
n
If 0  bn  an and  bn is known to

Test
n =1

diverge, then a
n =1
n diverges.
an The series must all have positive

If an  0, bn  0, lim =L0
n → bn terms. The reciprocal will have the

same result.
Limit
Comparison a

n
and b
n =1
n is known to converge,
n =1
Test 
then a
n =1
n converges.
AP Calculus BC: Convergent and Divergent Series 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
an The series must all have positive
If an  0, bn  0, lim =L0
n → b terms. The reciprocal will have the
n
Limit 
same result.
Comparison

a n
and b n is known to diverge,
Test n =1
n =1

(cont’d)
then a
n =1
n diverges.
If lim an = 0 and an+1 < an , then The Error Bound is S − Sn  an+1 .

n→

The error of estimating the infinite
 (−1)
n =1
n
an the series converges.
sum by using the first n terms is less
Alternating or than the first omitted term.
Series Test

 (−1)
n =1
n +1
an

an +1 an +1
If lim
n → an
 1 , then a
n =1
n converges. If lim
n → an
= 1 , then the ratio test is

Ratio Test a
n =1
n
If lim
an +1
 1 , then

a n diverges.
inconclusive and another test must be
used.
n → an n =1
Topic Name Topic #
Geometric Series 10.2

nth Term Test for Divergence 10.3
Integral Test 10.4
p-Series 10.5
Direct Comparison/Limit Comparison Test 10.6
Alternating Series Test 10.7
Ratio Test 10.8
1. Level: AP2

an 5n
Given the series 
n =1 n !
, which of the following is the could be the correct set-up and conclusion for the
ratio test?
an 5n (n + 1)!
(A) lim   1; the series converges.
n → n ! an +1 5n +1
an +1 5n +1 n !
(B) lim   1; the series diverges.
n → ( n + 1) ! a 5n
n
an +1 5n +1 n !
(C) lim   1; the series converges.
n → ( n + 1)! an 5n
an +1 5n +1 n !
(D) lim   1; the series diverges.
n → ( n + 1)! an 5n
2. Level: AP2

Let a
n =1
n be an infinite series with an = f ( n ) . Which of the following conditions must be met to apply the
integral test?
(A) f ( x) is differentiable
(B) f ( x) is positive
(C) an is continuous
(D) an is decreasing
3. Level: AP2

Given the series  (−1)
n =1
n
an , which of the following conditions must be met in order to use the Alternating
Series Test?
I. an+1  an II. an  0 III. lim an = 0

n →
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) III only
(D) I, II, and III
4. Level: AP2
n 2 + 3n − 2

Given the series  3 , which of the following series can be used as a comparison for the Limit
n =1 n − n + 1
2
Comparison test.

1
(A) n
n =1
3

1
(B) n
n =1
2

(C) n
n =1

1
(D) n
n =1
5. Level: AP2
Which of the following infinite series diverges by the n-th term test?

(A)  ln(n)
n =1

ln( n)
(B) 
n =1 n

n3
(C) 
n =1 2
n

3n 2 + n − 4
(D) 
n =1 n3 + 2n
6. Level: AP3
Which of the following converge?

1
(A) 
n =1 n

−1
(B) n
n =1

n −2
(C) 
n =1
3
n
 3
n4
(D) 
n =1 6n 2
7. Level: AP3
 n −1
2
 4 
n =1  3 
is
(A) 6
(B) 8
(C) 12
(D) divergent
8. Level: AP3

n2 − 2
Which of the following statements about the series  3 is true?
n = 3 n + 4n + 1
2

1
(A) The series converges by the limit comparison test with n.
n =3

1
(B) The series converges by the limit comparison test with n
n =3
3
.

1
(C) The series diverges by the limit comparison test with n.n =3

1
(D) The series diverges by the limit comparison test with n
n =3
3
.
9. Level: AP3

n
Which of the following statements describes the series  (−1)
n =1
n
n+3
using the alternating series test?
(A) converges absolutely

(B) converges conditionally
(C) diverges
(D) alternating series test is inconclusive
10. Level: AP3
Which of the following series converge?
  
3 1
 n  ( −1)
n
I. n
II. III.
n=0 2
2
n =1 n =1
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) I, II, and III
11. Level: AP3


2n + 1
Let a
n =1
n be a series whose n th partial sum is Sn =
5n − 3
. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) The series a
n =1
n diverges by the nth term test.

(B) The series a
n =1
n diverges by the p -series test.

(C) The series a
n =1
n converges because lim S n  0 .
n →

2
(D) The series a
n =1
n converges to
5
.
12. Level: AP4

n −1

 x−2
For which of the following values of x does the series  
n =1 

3 
converge?
(A) x = −1
(B) x = 1
(C) x = −5
(D) x = 5
13. Level: AP4

an +1
When applied to the series a
n =1
n , the ratio test yields the result lim
n → an
= L . Which of the following could
be true?

1
(A) L =
2
and an =1
n converges conditionally.

2
(B) L =
3
and an =1
n diverges.

(C) L = 1 and a
n =1
n converges conditionally.

3
(D) L =
2
and a
n =1
n converges absolutely.
14. Level: AP4

Which of the following series converge conditionally?
n 3/2 

2 
1 2
I.  (−1) n  
3
II.  (−1)n +1  
n
III.  (−1)
n =1
n +1
 
n
n =0 n =1
(A) I and II only

(B) I and III only
(C) III only
(D) I, II, and III
15. Level: AP3

Which of the following geometric series converge?
n n
    
  
I.     ( 0.99 ) III.  2 
n
II. 
n =0  3  n =0 n =1  e + 1 
(A) II only
(B) I and II only
(C) II and III only
(D) I, II, and III
16. Level: AP3
Which of the following series converges?
( −1)
2 n −1

(A) 
n =1 n

n +1
 ( −1)
n
(B) 
n =1 3n − 2
( −1)
n −1

(C) 
n =1
3
n

2n
 ( −1)
n
(D) 
n =1 n99
17. Level: AP3


k2 + k 
k +3 
6k + 3
I. 
k =4 k −3
II. 
k =1 ( k − 2) + 1
2
III. k
k =1
3
+k
(A) I and III only

(B) I and II only
(C) III only
(D) II and III only
18. Level: AP4
Let a n = n . Which of the following series converges?
( 5nan + 3)
4

(A) 
n =1 2n 6 +3n5

n!
(B) 2
n =1
n
an

5n − 1
(C)  na
n =1 n
( −1)
n

an
(D) 
n =1 n
19. Level: AP4
Which of the following series can be shown to converge by the alternating series test?
( −1) cos ( n ) sin ( n )

2n  

   ( −1)
n −1
I. 2
II. III. 
n =1 n n =0 n n =1 n
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
20. Level: AP4

Which of the following series can be shown to converge by the alternating series test?
3
1 27 125 n −1 n
I. −2+ −4+ + ... + an + ... , where an = ( −1)  n .
2 8 32 2
 2 n 
cos  
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  3 
II. 1 − − + − − + − − + ... + an + ... , where an = .
( n + 1)
2
8 18 16 50 72 49 128 162
1 32 33 34 35 36 3
n
+ ... + an + ... , where an = ( −1)
n +1
III. − + − + − .
2 5 8 11 14 17 3n − 1
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
21. Level: AP
n

3n n100 
3n − 1 
  −1 
I.  II.  III.   
n =1 n! n =1 7 n n =1  e 
(A) I only (B) III only (C) I and III only (D) I, II, and III
22. Level: AP4

n
3 3 3 3  −1  3
What is the sum of the series − + − + ... +   + ... ?
 2 4 8  2  
2
(A)

6
(B)

6
(C)
2 + 1
(D) The series diverges.
23. Level: AP4

 
Consider the series  an where f (n) = an . Which of the following statements about f ( x) and
n=2
a
n=2
n could
be true?

1
(A) f ( x) =
x
and a
n=2
n converges by the integral test.

1
(B) f ( x) =
2x
and a
n=2
n converges by the integral test.

(C) f ( x) = xe x and a
n=2
n diverges by the integral test.

1
(D) f ( x) = and a diverges by the integral test.
x ( ln ( x ) )
2 n
n=2
24. Level: AP4
If 0  an  b n where an and bn are both decreasing sequences for n  0 , which of the following must be
true?
 
(A) If  an converges, then
n =0
b
n=0
n converges.
 
(B) If  bn diverges, then a n converges.
n=0 n =0
 ( −1)
n
(C) If lim bn = 0 , then an converges.
n →
n =0
 
 ( −1) a
n
(D) If bn converges, then n converges.
n =0 n =0
25. Level: AP4


np
Given  (−1)n
n =1 n2 − 3
, for what value(s) of p will the series be conditionally convergent?
(A) p  1
(B) p = 1
1 3
(C)  p
2 2
(D) 0  p  1
26. Level: AP4


1
Consider the series a
n =1
n where lim an =
n → 2
. Which of the following must be true?

(A) The series a
n =1
n diverges by the nth term test.

(B) The series a
n =1
n converges by the nth term test.

(C) The series a
n =1
n converges by the ratio test.

(D) The series a
n =1
n could converge or diverge.
27. Level: AP5
n
 −2  
The sum of the geometric series  4   is −1 where k is a constant. What is the value of k ?
n =1  k 
2
(A) k = − (B) k = 6 (C) k = 8 (D) k = 10
5
28. Level: AP5


 ne
−n
Which of the following is true when the integral test is applied to the series where f ( x) = xe− x ?
n =1

2
 ne

f ( x ) dx =
−n
(A) 1 e
and
n =1
converges.
  
 f ( x ) dx converges and  ne =  f ( x ) dx .
−n
(B)
1 1
n =1
 
 f ( x ) dx diverges and the series  ne

−n
(C) diverges.
1
n =1
(D) The conditions for the integral test are not met and the integral test cannot be applied.
29. Level: AP5


Which of the following could be a valid conclusion of the integral test for the series a
n =1
n where f (n) = an
and f (n) is known to be positive and decreasing ?


(A) The series a n diverges because f ( x) is not continuous over the interval 1, ) .
n =1
 
(B) The series a
n =1
n diverges because  1
f ( x)dx  0 .

(C) The series a n converges to 2 because f ( x) is differentiable over the interval 1, ) and
n =1

 1
f ( x)dx = 2 .
 
(D) The series a n converges because f ( x) is continuous over the interval 1, ) and  f ( x)dx = 8 .
1
n =1
30. Level: AP5
 −n
n3 
k 
For which value(s) of k do both n
n =1
k2
and   + 1
n =1  2 
converge?
(A) −  k  −2
(B) −4  k  − 3
(C) k  −4 or k > 2
(D) −4  k  0 and k  3
Working With and Manipulating Series on the AP Calculus BC Exam
What Do We Need to Know ?
Interval of
Function First Four Terms General Term
Convergence
x 2 x3 xn
e x 1+ x + + + −  x  
2! 3! n!
x3 x5 x 7 (−1) n x 2 n +1
sin x x− + − + −  x  
3! 5! 7! (2n + 1)!
x2 x4 x6 (−1) n x 2 n
cos x 1− + − + −  x  
2! 4! 6! (2n)!
1
1 − x + x 2 − x3 + (−1) n x n −1  x  1
1+ x
1 1
The series for is useful when working with functions of the form and connecting them to the
1+ x 1− x

geometric series ar
n =0
n
.
Definition of Taylor Series and Maclaurin Series

If f has a power series representation at 𝑥 = 𝑐, then the series

f ( n ) (c ) f (c) f (c)
f ( x) =  ( x − c) +
3
( x − c) n = f (c) + f (c)( x − c) + ( x − c) 2 +
n =0 n! 2! 3!
is called the Taylor series for f centered at c.
If c = 0 , then

f ( n ) (0) n f (0) 2 f (0) 3
f ( x) =  x = f (0) + f (0) x + x + x +
n =0 n! 2! 3!
is also called the Maclaurin series for f .
Topic Name Topic #

Finding Taylor Polynomial Approximations of Functions 10.11
Lagrange Error Bound 10.12
Radius and Interval of Convergence 10.13
Finding Taylor or Maclaurin Series for a Function 10.14
Representing Functions as Power Series 10.15
AP Calculus BC: Working With and Manipulating Series 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
Finding Your Way Around AP Classroom
Open Response / Multiple Choice Practice
1. Level: AP3
Write the first four terms and the general term of the series expansion for the function f ( x) = e2 x .
2. Level: AP3
Write the first three nonzero terms and the general term of the Maclaurin series for x 2 cos ( x ) .
3. Level: AP3
x3 x5
Given the infinite series f ( x) = x + x 2 + − + , which of the following represents the series f (−3x 2 ) ?
3 30
x6
(A) −3x + 3x − x + +
2 3 4
10
x10
(B) −3x 2 − 3x 4 − x 6 + +
10
81x10
(C) −3x 2 + 9 x 4 − 9 x 6 + +
10
x7
(D) −3x3 − 3x 4 − x5 + +
10
4. Level: AP4

5(2 x − 3) n
Given f ( x) =  , find f ( x ) .
n =0 n!
5 ( 2 x − 3)
n −1

(A) 
n =1 (n − 1)!
10 ( 2 x − 3)
n −1

(B) 
n=0 n!
10 ( 2 x − 3)
n −1

(C) 
n =1 (n − 1)!
10 ( 2 x − 3)
n +1

(D) 
n=0 (n + 1)!
5. Level: AP4
8 2n +1
The Taylor series for g ( x) about x = −2 is given by 2 + 4 ( x + 2 ) + 4 ( x + 2 ) + ( x + 2 ) + ... + ( x + 2 ) n +... .
2 3
3 n!
Write the first three nonzero terms and the general term for g  ( x ) .
6. Level: AP4

( x + 3) n
Find the radius of convergence for 
n =1 n  2
n
.
7. Level: AP4
3 3 3
( x − 2 ) + 2 ( x − 2 ) + 3 ( x − 2 ) + ... , then f (1) =
2 3
If the Taylor series for f about x = 2 is 3 +
4 4 4
−3
(A)
5
12
(B)
5
(C) 4
(D) 12
8. Level: AP5

 b ( x − 5)
n
The power series n is conditionally convergent at x = 1 . Which of the following must be true?
n =0
(A) The series converges absolutely at x = 7 .

(B) The series is conditionally convergent at x = 8 .
(C) The series is conditionally convergent at x = 9 .
(D) The series converges absolutely at x = 10 .

1
1. The Taylor series for a function f about x = 1 is given by f ( x ) =  ( −1) n −1 (
x − 1) .
n n
n =0 ( 2n + 1)  3
(a) Use the ratio test to show that the radius of convergence of f ( x) is 3 .
(b) Write an equation of the line tangent to the graph of f ( x) at x = 1 .
(c) Determine if f ( x) converges absolutely, converges conditionally, or diverges at each x = −2 and

x = 4 . Justify your answer.
x
(d) Let g ( x) =  f (t )dt . Find T3 ( x ) , the third-degree Taylor polynomial to g ( x) about x = 1 .
1
3 3 1
(e) Show that g   − T3    .
2  2  3000
9. Level: AP5
( −1) x 4n+2 + ...

n
x 6 x10 x14
The power series x − + −2
+ ... + converges to which of the following?
3! 5! 7! ( 2n + 1)!
(A) x sin ( x )
(B) sin x 2 ( )
(C) x 2 cos ( x )
( )
(D) cos x3 + x 2 − 1
10. Level: AP2

( )
Which of the following is a power series for f ( x) = sin x 2 ?

(−1) n x 2 n +1
(A) 
n = 0 (2 n + 1)!

x4n+2
(B) 
n = 0 (2n + 1)!

(−1)n x 4 n
(C) 
n =0 (2n)!

(−1) n x 4 n + 2
(D) 
n = 0 (2n + 1)!
11. Level: AP4
Which of the following is the coefficient of the x 7 term in the Maclaurin series for 3 − x cos ( x ) ?
1
(A)
6!
1
(B) −
6!
1
(C) −
7!
1
(D)
7!
12. Level: AP3
x − 3 ( x − 3) ( x − 3) ( x − 3)
2 3 4
Find the interval of convergence for the series h( x) = + + + +

2 2  22 3  23 4  24
(A) 2  x  4
(B) 1  x  5
(C) 1  x  5
(D) 2  x  4
13. Level: AP3

Let h be a function where h and its derivatives are positive for all values of x . The Taylor series for h
7 3 5 1
centered at x = −3 is 3 + ( x + 3) + ( x + 3) + ( x + 3) + ( x + 3) + ( x + 3) + ... , and let T ( x ) be
2 3 4 5
2! 7  3! 6  4! 5!
the Taylor polynomial for h , centered at x = −3 , using the first four terms of the series for h . The
Lagrange error bound states that h ( −1) − T ( −1)  K , where K is a constant. What is the value of K ?
5
(A) K =
9
4
(B) K =
15
5
(C) K =
144
1
(D) K =
120
14. Level: AP3

x
Which of the following is  cos

0
( t ) dt ?

(−1) n x 2 n +1
(A) 
n = 0 (2n + 1)(2n)!

(−1) n x n +1
(B) 
n = 0 ( n + 1)(2n)!
( x)
2 n +1
 (−1) n
(C)  (2n + 1)(2n + 1)!
n =0

(−1) n x 2 n +1
(D) 
n = 0 ( n + 1)(2n)!
15. Level: AP3
−3
For −2  x  2 , the function h is defined by h( x) = . Which of the following series could be h ( x ) ?
4 + 2x
(A) −3 − 6 x − 12 x 2 − 24 x 3 − 48 x 4 − ...
3x 3x 2 3x3 3x 4
(B) −3 + − + − + ...
2 4 8 16
3 3x 3x 2 3x3 3x 4
(C) − + − + − + ...
4 8 16 32 64
3 3x 3x 2 3x3 3x 4
(D) − − − − − − ...
4 8 16 32 64
Calculus BC - 2022 AP Live Review Session 6: Parametrics and Vectors for Calculus BC
What Do We Need to Know?
t
Position Position
Vector
( x(t ), y (t ) ) or x(t ), y (t )
at time t
x(t ) = x(a) +  x(t ) dt
a
2 2
( x(t ), y(t ) ) or  , 
Velocity dx dy  dx   dy 
Vector  dt dt 
Speed   + 
 dt   dt 
d x d y
2 2 Total Distance   dx 2  dy 2
Acceleration
Vector
( x(t ), y(t ) ) or  2 , 2  Traveled    +   dt
 dt dt  from t = a to t = b   dt   dt 
a
d  dy 
Second
Slope of Tangent dy dy / dt d y d  dy  dt  dx 
2
= Derivative = =
Line to a Curve dx dx / dt (Parametric) dx 2 dx  dx  dx
dt
Topic Name Topic #
Defining and Differentiating Parametric Equations 9.1

Second Derivatives of Parametric Equations 9.2
Finding Arc Lengths of Curves Given by Parametric Equatons 9.3
Defining and Differentiaitng Vector-Valued Functons 9.4
Interpreting Vector-Valued Functions 9.5
Solving Motion Problems Using Parametric and Vector-Vlaued
Functions 9.6
AP Calculus BC: Working With Parametric Equations and Vectors 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
Short Answer / Multiple Choice Practice
1. Level: AP3
1
The position of a particle at any time t  0 is given by x ( t ) , y ( t ) = t 2 − 3, . Find the acceleration
2t − 1
vector at time t = 2.
8 2 1 2
(A) 2, (B) 4, − (C) 4, − (D) 2,
27 9 9 27
2. Level: AP3
t
0.4 t cos 2  
dx e dy  5  , find the slope of the tangent line to the curve ( x(t ), y (t ) ) at t = 2.
Given = and =
dt sin t dt t
3. Level: AP4
 t 
For t  0 , a bug moves in the xy - plane with position ( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) , where x ( t ) = sin   and
 4
y ( t ) = t 2 − 6t + 8 . At which of the following times is the bug at rest?
(A) t = 2 (B) t = 3 (C) t = 4 (D) t = 8
4. Level: AP4
A particle moves in the xy - plane with position ( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) . The graph of y ( t ) is shown in the figure
dx
above along with the line tangent to y ( t ) at t = 7 . If = (11 − 2t ) , find the speed of the particle at time
2
dt
t = 7.
5. Level: AP3
t 3
y (t ) 0
y(t ) 2
y (t ) −1
The position of a particle that moves in the xy - plane is given by the parametric functions x ( t ) and y ( t ) .
The graph of x ( t ) is shown in the figure above along with values for y ( t ) , y ( t ) , and y ( t ) at t = 3 .
Which of the following describes the direction of motion for the particle at time t = 3 ?
(A) Directly up
(B) Up and to the right
(C) Up and to the left
(D) Down and to the left
6. Level: AP5
d2y
If x(t ) = 3t and y (t ) = 2t + 3 , for t  0 , then
2 4
=
dx 2
8 4 4 3
(A) t (B) t (C) (D)
3 9 9 2t 3
7. Level: AP4
dx 4 3
The motion of a particle in the xy-plane at any time t  0 can be described by = 1 − 2t and y (t ) = t 2 .
dt 3
What is the total distance traveled by the particle from t = 1 to t = 4 ?
(A) 11.136
(B) 15.340
(C) 20.440
(D) 21.637
8. Level: AP5
For t  0 , the position of a particle moving in the xy - plane can be modeled by ( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) , where
12 − 3t 2 dx
y (t ) = and = 4te−2t . At t = 0 , the particle is at (1, −2 ) . As t increases without bound, what
t + 4t − 6
2
dt
position will the particle approach?
(A) ( 0, −3)
(B) ( 2, −3)
(C) (1, −5 )
(D) ( 4, −1)
9. Level: AP3
cos ( t 2 ) ,3 − e
t
An object moving along a curve in the xy-plane has velocity vector 3
. Which of the following
represents the acceleration of the object at time t = 4?
4 4
(A) 8sin (16 ) , − e 3
3
4
(B) − sin (16 ) , −e 3
1 4
(C) −8sin (16 ) , − e 3
3
1 4
(D) −4sin (16 ) , − e 3
3
10. Level: AP4

The motion of a particle in the xy-plane at any time t  0 can be described by a curve with the properties
dy
x(t ) = 4t 3 − 48t and = 10t − 2 . At which time is the line tangent to the path of the particle vertical?
dt
1
(A) t = 0 (B) t = (C) t = 2 (D) t = 12
5
11. Level: AP4
The position of a particle that moves in the xy - plane is given by the parametric functions x ( t ) and y ( t ) ,
where y ( t ) = e4t −t . The path of the particle xy - plane is shown in the figure above. What is the value of
2
x ( 7 ) ?
−1 2 5 20
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2e 21 e21 e21 e21
1.
For t  0 , the position of a particle moving in the xy-plane is given by the vector p(t ) = x(t ), y (t ) with
dx t + sin ( t + 1)
2 1.2
dy  y
p (0) = ( 2, 4 ) . It is known that = t
and = 2 y 1 −  .
dt e dt  12 
(a) Write the equation of the line tangent to the curve at time t = 0.
(b) Describe the direction of motion of the particle at time t = 0.
(c) Find the x-coordinate of the particle at time t = 3.
(d) Find lim y (t ) .

t →
2.
t 0 1.5 2 4
y (t ) 2 −1 6 5
The position of a particle moving in the xy - plane is defined by the parametric equations x ( t ) and y ( t ) ,
where x ( t ) = y ( t ) . It is known that at t = 0, x = 3 . The function y ( t ) is not explicitly known, but
selected values for y  ( t ) are shown in the table above.
4
(a) Let S R be the right Riemann sum approximation of  y ( t ) dt
0
using the three intervals indicated in the
23
table. Show that S R = . Use S R to approximate y ( 4 ) .
2
2n ( n −1)
(b) For t  8 , the nth - derivative of x ( t ) is defined as x ( t ) = x
( n)
( t ) , where n  1. Using the
n!
approximation of y ( 4 ) from part (a) , find the third-degree Taylor polynomial for x ( t ) about t = 16 .
(c) The slope of the line tangent to the path of the particle is −7 at t = 16 . Use the Taylor polynomial for x ( t )
about t = 16 found in part (b) to estimate y (16 ) .
2.
t 0 1.5 2 4
y (t ) 2 −1 6 5
The position of a particle moving in the xy - plane is defined by the parametric equations x ( t ) and y ( t ) ,
where x ( t ) = y ( t ) . It is known that at t = 0, x = 3 . The function y ( t ) is not explicitly known, but
selected values for y  ( t ) are shown in the table above.
(d) Use Euler’s method with the data in the table, starting at t = 0 with two steps of equal size, to approximate
y ( 3) .
(e) For 0  t  5 , the y - coordinate of the particle’s position at time t can be modeled by
( t − 2 ) . Find y 1 . According to this model, does y t have a relative minimum, relative
n

1
y (t ) = t −  () ()
4 n =1 n  3n
maximum, or neither at t = 1 ? Give a reason for your answer.
Calculus BC - 2022 AP Live Review Session 7: Polar Curves on Calc BC
What Do We Need to Know?
Topic Name Topic #
Defining Polar Coordinates and Differentiating in Polar Form 9.7

Find the Area of a Polar Region of the Area Bounded by a Single Polar
Curve
9.8
Find the Area of the Region Bounded by Two Polar Curves 9.9
Short Response and Multiple-Choice Practice
1. Level: AP3
The figure above shows the graph of the polar curve r =  1.5 + cos ( ) on the interval 0     . Let S be the
region bounded by r and the x - axis. Find the area of region S .
AP Calculus BC: Polar Equations in Calculus BC 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
2. Level: AP4
The graph of the polar curve r = 1 + 2sin ( ) is shown in the figure above for 0    2 . Let S be the shaded
region in the inner loop of the polar curve as indicated above. Which of the following gives an expression for
the area of region S ?
1 7
(1 + 2sin ( ) )
6 2
2 0
(A) d
1 7 6
(1 + 2sin ( ) ) d
2
(B) 
2 − 6
1 11 6
(1 + 2sin ( ) ) d
2
(C)
2 7  6
1 2
(1 + 2sin ( ) ) d
2
(D) 
2 0
3. Level: AP4
( )
The graphs of the polar curves r =  + sin 2 2 and r = 2cos ( ) are shown in the figure above for 0     .
Find the area of the shaded region S .
(A) 0.585 (B) 0.602 (C) 1.205 (D) 1.347
4. Level: AP4
Let r be the polar curved defined by r =  2 + sin ( 3 ) . Find the values of both r ( ) and the y - coordinate of
4
the polar curve when  = . Explain what these values represent in terms of the graph of r .
3
5. Level: AP4
Let r be the polar curved defined by r =  − 2 cos ( ) . On what open intervals, 0    2 , is r decreasing?
  5   7 11    3   7   11 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  0,  and  , 2 
6 6   6 6  2 2   6   6 
6. Level: AP4
For 0     , a particle travels along the polar curve r ( ) = 2 − 4 cos ( 3 ) . Find the maximum distance
from the origin of the particle?
7. Level: AP5
3 2 
Let r be the polar curved defined by r =  + 2 cos   , where 0     . Find the value of  when the
2  2 
x - coordinate is −3 .
8. Level: AP5

The graph of the polar curve r = 3cos ( ) +  − + 1 is shown in the figure above for 0     . Which of the
2
5
following statements are true about the graph of r at  = ?
6
I. The graph of r is getting closer to the origin

II. The graph of r is getting closer to the x - axis
III. The graph of r is getting closer to the y - axis
(A) I only (B) III only (C) I and II only (D) I, II, and III
9. Level: AP5

Find the slope of the line tangent to the graph of f ( ) = 1 + cos  at  = .
6
1 3 +1 3
(A) − (B) − (C) − (D) −1
2 2 2
8
1. The figure above shows the polar curves r1 = 3 + cos ( 2 ) for 0    2 and r2 = 2 sin ( ) + for

0     . Let S be the shaded region in the first quadrant bounded by graphs of r1 and r2 as shown in the
figure above.
(a) Find the area of region S .
4
(b) Find r1 ( ) when  = . What does this value indicate about the graph of r1 ?
11
(c) For 0     , find the value of  for which the y - coordinate for r2 is a maximum. Justify your
answer.
(d) Let ( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) represent the position of a particle moving along the curve r1 at time t , where t =  .
Find the position of the particle at time t = 2 .
Extra Practice
10. Level: AP5
The graph of the polar curve r = 1 + 2sin ( ) is shown in the figure above for 0    2 . Let S be the shaded
region in the inner loop of the polar curve as indicated above. Which of the following gives an expression for
the area of region S ?
1 7
(1 + 2sin ( ) )
6 2
2 0
(A) d
1 7 6
(1 + 2sin ( ) ) d
2
(B)
2 −  6
  (1 + 2sin ( ) )
 2 2
(C) d
7 6
  (1 + 2sin ( ) )
3 2 2
(D) d
7 6
11. Level: AP4
( )
The graphs of the polar curves r =  + sin 2 2 and r = 2cos ( ) are shown in the figure above for 0     .
At which value(s) of  do the two curves intersect?
(A)  = 0.6998 only
(B)  = 1.5299 only
(C)  = 0 and 0.6998
(D)  = 0 and 1.5299
12. Level: AP3
Given the polar curve r = 8cos  , which of the following could be  if x = 2 ?

   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
Calculus BC - 2022 AP Live Review Session 8: Strategies and Tips for the Calculus BC Exam
Tip 5: Talk the Talk
Write your explanations as a mathematician would.
Be sure to reference the specific name of a function when justifying its particular behavior.
Avoid using abbreviations when at all possible.
Problem 1
The function 𝑓(𝑥) is twice differentiable for all real numbers. The graph of 𝑓 ′ (𝑥), the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥), is shown in the
figure above.
(a) For which value(s) of 𝑥 does 𝑓(𝑥) have a local minimum? Explain your reasoning.
Tip 4: Grab that Low-Hanging Fruit
Tip 3: Know Your Basic Formulas, Tests and Theorems
𝑥 1 3 4 7 10
𝑓′(𝑥) 12 7 4 −2 −6
Problem 2
The decreasing function 𝑓′(𝑥) is differentiable on the interval 𝑥 ≥ 0 with selected values shown in the table above.
(a) Is there a time 𝑟, 1 < 𝑟 < 9, such that 𝑓′(𝑟) = 0? Justify your answer.
AP Calculus BC: Tips and Strategies for the Exam 2022 AP Live Bryan Passwater & Tony Record
𝑥 1 3 4 7 10
𝑓′(𝑥) 12 7 4 −2 −6
Problem 2
The decreasing function 𝑓′(𝑥) is differentiable on the interval 𝑥 ≥ 0 with selected values shown in the table above.
(b) Show that there must be a time 𝑐, 1 < 𝑐 < 9, such that 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) = −2? Justify your answer.
𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) ∙ ln(𝑥 2 − 𝑐 2 + 1)
(c) Let 𝑐 be the constant guaranteed in part (b). Find the value of lim in terms of 𝑐 or
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 𝑐𝑥 − 5𝑐
state that the limit does not exist.
∞
(d) Consider the series ∑ 𝑎𝑛 and the function 𝑓 ′ , where 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑛). Explain why the integral test with 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑛=1
∞
cannot be used to determine if the series ∑ 𝑎𝑛 converges or diverges.

𝑛=1
∞
(−1)𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑛) 1
(e) Let 𝑔 be the power series centered at 𝑥 = 1 defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = ∑ (𝑥 − 1) . It is known that 𝑔 ( )
2𝑛 2
𝑛=7
converges by the alternating series test. Show that the first three terms of the series can be used to approximate
1 1
𝑔 ( ) to within .
2 300
Tip 2: Avoid the Common Traps and Mistakes
Problem 3
The function 𝑓(𝑥) is twice differentiable for all real numbers. The graph of 𝑓 ′ (𝑥), the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥), is shown in the
figure above.
𝑥
(b) Let 𝑔(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡. Is 𝑔(𝑥) concave up, concave down, or neither on the interval (1, 2)? Give a reason
−3
for your answer.
Simple Errors to Avoid
I. Round or truncate all final decimal answers to three places. If you are using a decimal value in the middle
of a problem, round it to at least four places.
II. Be sure your calculator is set to radian mode.
III. When justifying answers, avoid ambiguous words like “it,” “they,” “the graph,” “the slope,” etc. Be
specific. Write f ( x), g ( x), etc.
IV. When solving a contextual free response question, be sure to include the correct units in your answer.
Tip 1: You Be You!

You’ve worked hard at your mathematics over the past 10-12 years. Trust yourself.

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1.

Guidelines for Choosing “u” and “dv”.

 f ( x)sec x dx = f ( x)  tan x −  6 x 2 tan x dx. Which of the following could be f ( x) ?

(A) 18 x  sec 2 x (B) 18x (C) 2 x3  sec x  tan x (D) 2x 3

(a) Let k = 9 . Find f ( 3) .

(b) Let k = −1 . Find f ( 4 ) .

Additional Open Response Practice

(d) Let g be a differentiable function where g  ( x ) = f ( x ) and g ( 7 ) = 2 . Find g ( 5 ) .

(c) Find  cos x f (sin x) dx .

End behavior and carrying capacity lim y = L

Topic Name Topic #

Given x 2 dy = y dx , which of the following could be y = f ( x) ?

(A) y − y + 2 cos ( x ) = 0

(B) y − 4 y + 3cos ( x ) = 0

(C) 4 y − y + 5cos ( x ) = 0

(D) y − 4 y + 5cos ( x ) = 0

I. If M  300 , the population of meerkats is decreasing.

(A) I and II only

11. Level: AP3

13. Level: AP4

14. Level: AP5

(A) y is increasing at an increasing rate

16. Level: AP4

17. Level: AP3

Taylor and Maclaurin Polynomials

f (a)( x − a)2 f (a)( x − a )3 f ( n ) (a )( x − a )n

General Equation for a Maclaurin Polynomial (centered at x = 0).

f (0) x 2 f (0) x3 f ( n ) (0) x n

Open Response Practice

Find the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g ( x) centered at x = 2 .

𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥)

Which of the following is a third-degree Taylor polynomial about x = −3 ?

(A) g ( x) is increasing and concave up

(B) g ( x) is increasing and concave down

(C) g ( x) is decreasing and concave up

(D) g ( x) is decreasing and concave down

Let D2 ( x) = −2 − 3( x − a) + 6( x − a) 2 be the second-degree Taylor polynomial for g about x = a , where a

(b) Write the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f about x = 1 .

Open Response Practice

11. Level: AP5

13. Level: AP4

14. Level: AP4

16. Level: AP3

17. Level: AP4

19. Level: AP4

20. Level: AP4

22. Level: AP4

23. Level: AP4

(A) −6 (B) 0 (C) 12 (D) There is not enough information given.

25. Level: AP4

27. Level: AP4

28. Level: AP4

30. Level: AP4

nth Term Test  If lim an = 0, then the nth term test is

 If  f ( x) dx is a positive, finite value, f ( x) must be positive, continuous

an The series must all have positive

If lim an = 0 and an+1 < an , then The Error Bound is S − Sn  an+1 .

Topic Name Topic #

Geometric Series 10.2

I. an+1  an II. an  0 III. lim an = 0

(A) converges absolutely

11. Level: AP3

12. Level: AP4

14. Level: AP4