2.1.

1 Flood Analysis

The most important things for design of weir and power house structures are flood discharge and
flood water level. The data related to the flood discharge at Parsariran River is extremely limited,
and hourly rainfall records are not available for the project area as well. Therefore, the following
methods were applied to obtain a comprehensive solution for the flood discharge through the
comparison of “Nakayasu Unit Hydrograph” and “Rational” method to estimate peak flood
discharge of some return periods. While, to estimate the design rainfall, that will be used on flood
analysis, the Consultant applying method “Log Person III” and verified by “Gumbel” method.
Both analysis methods are based on the rainfall data of Station Batangtoru. The comparison of
the design rainfall of some return period is presented in the figure and table below.

Designed Rainfall
100
Return Period (year)

10

Gumbel Method

Log Person III

1
150 200 250 300 350 400
Rainfall, mm

Figure-2.14: Comparison Graphic of Design Rainfall

Table-2.10: Design Rainfall for Some Return Period

Return Period T Method

(year) Gumbel Log Person III
2 124.87 132.75
5 176.31 189.77
10 210.36 230.48
20 243.03 265.62
25 253.39 285.16
50 285.31 328.04
100 317.00 373.06
The comparison above shows that analysis by Log Person III is higher than by Gumbel method
for all return period. Hence, for safety result, the Consultant will use the result of Log Person
III Method for further analysis of flood discharge.

The flood discharge and a flood hydrograph are required for the intake weir design. Unit
hydrograph method established by Nakayasu, which has been employed for various water
resource development projects to date particularly in Indonesia, was applied in this study, and
the result will be verified by Rational method.

The calculation procedures to determine the Nakayasu unit hydrograph are following formulas
below:

𝑸𝒑 = (𝑪 × 𝑨 × 𝑹)/(𝟑. 𝟔 × (𝟎. 𝟑 × 𝑻𝒑 + 𝑻𝟎. 𝟑)) . . . . . . . . . . (2-3)

where, Qp : Peak flood discharge, m3/s

C : direct runoff coefficient, it is taken 0.55
A : catchment area at proposed intake weir site, km2
R : design rainfall, mm
Tp : time interval between rainfall start and peak flood discharge, hour
T0.3 : required time from peak flood to 30% value of peak flood, hour

. . . . . 𝑇𝑝
. . .=
. . 𝑡𝑔
. . .+. .0.8
. . .×
. . 𝑡𝑟
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-4)

. . . . . . . 𝑇0.3
. . . . .=. .𝛼. .×. .𝑡𝑔
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-5)

where, tr :time of rainfall, is taken 0.5tg to tg, hour

if river length (L) >15 km then tg = 0.4 + 0.058 L
if river length (L) <15 km then tg = 0.21 L0.7
α :hydrograph parameter, is taken 3 for area where fast increase and slow
decrease hydrograph

While, the calculation procedures of Rational method are following formulas below:

𝑸𝒑 = (𝑪 × 𝑨 × 𝒓)/𝟑. 𝟔 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-6)

where, Qp : Peak flood discharge, m3/s

C : direct runoff coefficient, it is taken 0.55
A : catchment area at proposed intake weir site, km2
r : rainfall intensity during time concentration (Tc), mm

𝑅 24
𝑟 = ( ) × ( )2/3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-7)
24 𝑇𝑐

𝑇𝑐 = 0.0195. .×. .𝐿.0.77

. . .×
. . 𝑆. .−0.385
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-8)
 where, R : design rainfall, mm
L : river length up to weir location, m
S : river slope up to weir location

The calculation result of two methods above is summarized in table below and graphic of
Nakayasu unit hydrograph is shown in the Figure-2.15, while detail calculation is attached in this
report.

Table-2.11: Design Flood for Some Return Period

Flood Discharge (cu. m/sec)

Return Period T (year) Rational Nakayasu
2 203.92 204.97
5 291.50 293.00
10 354.03 355.86
20 408.02 410.13
25 438.03 440.29
50 503.90 506.50
100 573.05 576.01

Design Flood Discharge by Nakayasu Method

700

600

500
Discharge, Q (m3/sec)

Flood 2 years
400
Flood 5 years
Flood 10 years
300
Flood 20 years
Flood 25 years
200 Flood 50 years
Flood 100 years

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time, t (hour)
 Figure-2.15: Unit Hydrograph by Nakayasu Method

The flood water level has been calculated based on the 100-years return period of the design
flood for the proposed weir and power house locations. The Consultant has utilized HEC-RAS
software to determine the flood water level on both locations. Design height of the weir is
assumed as 0 m and width is 30 m. While applied cross section were established based on the
topographic map of the previous study. The flood water level calculation result is summarized
below.

Table-2.12: Flood Water Level by HEC-RAS

Figure-2.16: Cross Section on the Weir and Power House

Base on the above result, then the Basic Design of weir and power house will be made and it is
explained further in the Chapter IV of this report.