1.

Waterway
Waterway of Cibareno MHPP is planned to be constructed on the left side of the river. People utilize the
area of waterway lane as plantation and paddy field. Morphology around waterway lane occupies on
moderately steep to very steep slope morphological unit, however gentler slope morphology is also found
in limited area. Very steep slope morphology unit (slope more than 35°) is generally occupy on lower slope
as river bank, while moderately steep (slope 9°-16°) to steep (slope 17°-35°) slope morphology unit occupy
on the upper slope.
Waterway lane consists of andesite, andesite and tuff residual soil mixed with landslide deposited in varied
thickness and widely distributed on the surface. The observed soil is silty to clayey, light brown-reddish
brown color, soft to very stiff, containing abundant clay to silt with minor sand and moderate to high
plasticity. There is no clear boundary of the andesite and tuff units can be identified.

Figure-9. Waterway lane occupies on very steep Figure-10. Waterway lane is generally passes
slope morphology unit at upstream consist of hard through steep to moderately steep morphology
andesite unit
Figure-11. Waterway lane passes through paddy Figure-12. Boulders of andesite mixed with soil is
field comprise of soil and andesite boulders observed at waterway lane in limited area

Based on field observation the waterway lane at the upstream consist of andesite which is fresh, hard and
massive in varied thickness. While waterway lane at the downstream consist of andesitic and tuff residual
soil with hard and massive andesite is appeared locally in limited area. It seemed that the hard andesite has
good bearing capacity and shear strength suitable for waterway foundation. Soft soil overlay on hard
andesite. The cohesion between hard andesite and soil is low and generally weak zone occur on that zone.
Therefore slope cutting on that area should be paid additional attention during construction phase, since
slope cutting may change the slope gradient. The change of slope gradient may lead to change the slope
stability that can affect the resistance force. Resistance force decreasing may generate failure with andesite
and soil boundary as landslide plane. In order to prevent failure or landslide, retaining wall construction
might be considered and also an adequate drainage, like channels and drainage ditches, will need to be
provided. In case the section of waterway passes under erodible slopes, the waterway structure may be
covered with concrete plate to prevent deposition of eroded materials into the waterway.
It is expected that waterway lane will be excavated and founded in andesite and tuff residual soil mixed
with landslide deposit that covered most waterway lane so that will be done by excavator. When excavation
finds hard andesite where occupy in the upstream of waterway, it will be done using rock breaker.
Considering the slope is relatively steep-very steep, the stability of the excavated slope should be a concern.
Slope gradient change might be affecting the stability of slope.
Instead of embankment foundation it is recommended that the foundation of waterway is constructed on
excavated foundation. In case embankment foundation is planned onto waterway lane, in order to secure
the stability of the embankment, proper management of construction is required and needed to be a concern.
Based on BH-2 and BH-3, waterway lane will be laid on sandy clay of soil. The soil is seemed to be top
soil in the surface and weathered rock soil below. Hard soil is found at depth 4 m at BH-2 and 6 m at BH-
3 with SPT N > 60. It is judged that the hard soil is suitable for foundation of waterway.