Chapter 1: Solution Date: 04/04/2023

1. Define the following terms:

a. Molarity(M): It is defined as number of moles of solute present in one litre of solution.
b. Mole Fraction: Mole fraction of a substance is defined as the ratio of number of moles of substance
to the total number of moles of solute and solvent, i.e all the substances.
c. Molality: It is defined as number of moles of solute present in one Kg of solvent.
2. What is the effect of temperature on solubility of gases in liquid?
Ans: The solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increase in temperature.
3. State Henry’s Law and write its two application.
Ans: It states that the partial vapour pressure of a gas in vapour phase (p) is directly proportional to the
mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution.
Mathematically, p = KH × x, Where KH is Henry’s law constant.
Application of Henry’s law:
(i) To minimize the painful effects accompanying the decomposition of deep sea rivers (bends), oxygen
diluted with less soluble helium gas is used as breathing gas.
(ii) To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the bottle is sealed under high pressure.
4. Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases will
have higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why?
Ans: KH for A will be less than B because A is more soluble than B. Higher the value of KH, lower will
be solubility.
5. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be
the molarity and molality of the solution? (density of solution = 1.2 g mL–1)
Ans: Mass of 1000 ml solution = 1.2 x 1000 = 120 g
Hence, mass of glucose = 12 g (10% by mass)
mass of glucose 120
molar mass
Hence, molarity = = 180
= 0.67 mol L–1
volume of solution in litre 1
Mass of solute = 1200g – 120 g = 1080 g
mass of glucose 120
molar mass 180
molality = = = 0.617 mol/ kg
mass of solvent in kg 1.08
6. Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H2SO4 if the density of the solution is 1.02 g mL–1.
(Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98 g mol–1) Ans: 1.02 mol L–1
7. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If
the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the
concentration of the other solution. Ans: 0.061 mol L–1
8. Gas (A) is more soluble than gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases will have the
higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why?
Ans: KH for A will be less than ‘B’ because gas “A” is more soluble than gas “B”. Higher the value of
KH, lower will be solubility.
9. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
Ans: It is because cold water has more dissolved oxygen than warm water because solubility of gas
in liquid decreases with increase in temperature.

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