QYPE 220 POLE SLIPPING RELAY ADVANCE INFORMA‘R-5288P 2T0 RELAY APPLICATION The pole slipping relay type ZT0 has been designed to protect synchronous generators against the possibility of the machine running in the unstable region of the power angle curve which would result in power oscilletions and pole slip. The relay consists basically of one airectional relay and one blinder relay operating in conjunction with a 40-80ms static timer, Intended primarily for installation hetween the generator and associated transformer (proforably on the generator terminals). Sauce Agen ATaRCAL Cowek 7 Senne cons, Leas oF fae sur Rs = Kika Ky chesA CAGIG relay serves as an overcurrent starter and thia is set at between 50 and 200% of nominal current. Based on 54 0.9.'s, Below this current no operation ean occur. Both characteristics 'look' inte the solrce and consequently ignore all conditions of load other than those which produce @ reversal of power flow such aa would occur with a condition of pole slip or power swing exceeding 90°, The timer is incorporated so that discrimination can be made between a power owing ond a pole slip condition. A trip condition ean only occur if the timer has timed out before the fault oven into the blinder operate region. (See locus of pole slip for typical operation). If the fault never reaches the operate region of the blinder er moves between tho direc*fonal and blinder characteristics in time leas than the timer setting then no operation will occur, . fa directional unit en & reverse reach static relay meacurenent eee components, xterm 1 droppers - 10¥ phase - 635V phase + tT reting - 5A on 0.50hm tap to 6 (K3) continucus - 2A on 4é0hm tap end 74 on 320nmCAG19 overcurrent relay Directional Unit (A) ~ Blinder Unit (B) = Plag = Timer - Case = - 50-200% of SA with 2 N/O S/R contacts characteristic angle 50° ~ 75° lag characteristic angle 50° — 75° 1ag reverse offset (R axis) 0.25 ~ 320mm series fleg with final srip contact inscribed '98¢! 40 - 80n8 variable pickup 14D single endedBLOCK DIAGRAM AND SHSTEM CONNECTION: Tyee ZTO FRE suiPeine RELAY Lwe vv Conweereo Le et Puase To Newrann Keoteearet | f a A ONE RNASE OF Gene ana GENERATOR TRANSFORMER cacia ole staateR ' u ' | | ' 1 . ' : ' ' | i ' \ \ 1 ' ' i 1 1 Broce | | | j Box comtaeoten | A | | x eed r Liao Com Pemiter. Dimers vane seb ets | | ii | Reb votane oy Seciee = far cata 4 | l 1 ae | 1 | _ | ; ' { Buneer se | | =f \ ses 81 : | —O2 t @ ax (e pe eats ' T 1a1e ; i {Bs wed =e NID BAAL AVIS SANSNOSS SSH SALLVDEN 30 WWUOVIC TL 396z021. 501 Kaw o sagoL0 ap 5 205 O50 Vv ; = ; 4 Sessa wales, 1 WOT ' | Asis OSs CIN] | es: L—wory ! Bam 1 { = 1 | a 3 |}—-2 ey Bauzva5| 3 2 a au, a Nears lf ov ee. 3 | rt [Ee 5 [Oo Lee] a 2 — sii is unsaid - sles nose, lonarrnts| \o [ j--0sv sign 1S!) Fa svaany ga_} fwlauii'o 1 SVAdH ox € stncow +) sanaow “2 Sco yaar fp «af 2Le publication R-5767P COMMISSIONING, OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUC’ GENERATOR POLE SLIP PROTECTION RELAY TYPE 2TOCONTENTS SECTION 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 TABLE 1, PIGURES PLATES, INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL DATA RELAY DESCRIPTION INSTALLATION COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS ROUTINE MAINTENANCE PAUL? BINDING INSTRUCTIONS REPAIR CALIBRATION COMPONENT LIST 1 = 24 t= 4 4 19 R20SECTION 1, INTRODUCTION he 470 relay is vaed to protect synenronous motors againey< whe eaters of pole slipping. caused by excessive Load or( Yé | insufficient field exeitation, pole slipping results in the gencrator slowing down and losing synchronism. The ZTO relay consists of a directional unit with a variable lag angle (@,) setting between 50° and 75°, and a blinder unit (also with © variable lag angle (@,) setting between 50° and 75°) which has reverse resistive reach setting between 0,25 ohms and 32 ohms, The two characteristics are arranged to operate in conjunction with a time delay unit with settings variable from 40 to 60 milliseconds, Operation / of the relay eccurs if the time taken for the pole slipping locus to pass between the two ch acteristics pxceads the timer scttdng, ‘The relay can only become operative when the a.c. current exceeds a pre-determined level and establishes the dic. supply. CAGI9 relay, acting as an overcurrent starter, is used for this purpose. NOTE: Since it can deal only vith @ pole slip condition emanating from one ¢ rection, the ZTO reiay is limited to applications in close proximity to a generator. Incorrect operation may oc! ur if the relay is situated electrical contre of a system between tre generators where either may slip out of ynchrenism.SECTION 2, TECHNICAL DATA. Bute RATINGS. A.C. Voltage input A.C. Current input D.C. Voltage Range ‘of Voltage RANGE, 63.5V phase to neutral @ 50H2 For use with 1, 2, C.T. ta, or 5A line The relay will withstand continuously 10A on 0,5 ~ 8 ohn taps, 4A on the 16 ohm tap, and 2A on the 32 ohm tap (K3) 100/125V or 220/250V with external regu 7SV-150¥ for 110/125V 150V-300V for 220/250¥ The'blinder! unit has a maximum reverse resistive reach setting (Rg) = 32 chm and a minimum reverse resistive reach seted (Rg) = 0.25 ohm, Fine adjustment of the reverse reach is obtained via X1 potentiometer over the range 0.9 to 1.0 continuously adjustable. Medium adjustment of the reverse over the range of 0, Coarse adjustment ef the reverse the range 0,5 to 5 to 32 an eh is obtained vie 1,0 in 7 tepa. obtained ¥Rudete The CAGI9 overcurrent st: ter setting is continuously / variable from 50% to 200% of rated cur ent. ACCURACY Directional Unit The accuracy of the direetional unit is better than 45° for fault loci which Gross the directional characteristic boundary between the origin and a point having an impedance reach less than twice the blinder reverse resistance setting. The accuracy is within + 5° for a,c. voltages above 10% of rated voitage for faults crossing the directional relay at the crigin and up to the resistive reach setting (RS). The characteristic angle of the directional characteris tic moves approximately 1° for each iHz veriation over the range of 47-52Hz and varies almost directly with the frequency. Blinder Unit The a uracy of measurement is + 5% including overreack for voltages betveen 10% and 110% of rated vo ge, With frequency and temperature ure vari: variation measurement does not exc: edTimer Unit Timer operating time is within + 5m of setting, Trip and Alarm Contacts A trip and alarm condition can only exist when the contacts have closed in the timer auxiliary unit (t) and the reverse reach blinder auxiliary unit (3). bach pair of contacts is rated as follows:~ Make and Carry Continuously Make and Carry for 3 secs. Break 1250VA with max. of 5A or 660V TSOOVA with max, of BOA or 660V 1250VA with max, of 5A or 650 1250W with max. of SA or 660V 7500% with max. 304 or 660V yO0W res, 50W ind, with wax JA or 660 A.C, BURDEN current - Refer to Graph 1 from whick the burden for a particuler current at a particular tap setting can be detervined, Voltage = D.C. BURDEN cn all supplies. A.C, Voltage Burden 1,1 YA @ 63.5%.CONSTRUCTION The relay is housed in a 1}D single ended Gravout case. The power supply, which consists of dropper resistors and zener diodes, is housed in « separate box intended for external mounting behind the relay, The relay is built with a fold up top panel for access to the top printed cireuit board and with a fold-out bottom module for reasonable access to all cirouivry, The lover module houses the main C,T,'s, the inductor, the input cireuit components and the associated mixing transformers, DIMENSIONS Relay, Overall in case: qak* (362mm) high e716" (170mm) wide 8" (200mm) deep” external Box: (103 mm) wide {191 mm) Long (102 mm) deep ‘ 1 3 ke ote WEIGED Relay (inelucing case) — 24.7 1b 2 ( External Box = 2.75 Ibs (1.2 Ee)SECTION Suz. 323 3. - RELAY DESCRIPTION GENERAL Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 17 the relay is housed in a single ended 14D case, All relay terminals are used. terminals 1, 2 and 3 provide trip and alerm with terminal 1 being common te both circuits and terminal 3} being connected via an isolating latch. Terminal 4 on the relay is connected to terminal | on the external box and connects a regulated d.c. positive supply to the relay, Terminal 5 on the relay ia connected to the station battery 220V positive supply. Terminal 6 on the relay is connested to terminal 2 on the external box and provides a regulated d.c. negative 5 pply te the relay, Terminal 3 on the external box is connected to station battery 220Y negative supply. yerminals J and 6 provide the a,c, voltage supply and @ and 10 provide the s.c. current supply to the relay. sPUT CIRCUIT Mixing transfo: lations! p which produces5.3%, Current Circuit Figure 2 and Figure 2 simplify the current circuits and show how the in-phase voltage V, is developed across R1 and the quadrature voltage V1 is developed across L1, These voltages are applied across the respective mixing transformers concerned with deriving the directional and reverse reach current vectors, DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC CIRCUIT Refer to Figure 2. A voltage V, is developed across the inductor L,, This leads the input cu by almost 90° and is app. nt I d across the IX vinding of T2 via RV4 and RVI1, ‘These potentiometers reduce the angle between ¥, and I and provide the characteristic angle adjustment (@,). A second voltage ¥, is developed across RI and is in phase with I, This is applied in epposition to V, a ss the second half of T2 primary via R5. IR and -IX are mixed to produce the vector IR-IX, Refer to Figure ©. The voltage developed across T3 primary is proportional to and phase With the system voltage. This inref ected through to the secondary winding te produce the veetor V shown in Figure 4, The vector V educes the polarising quantity for the phase compa: in Figure 13, whiie the vector quantit: applied across twoBehe REVERSE REACH BLINDER CIRCUIT Rerer to Figure 3, A voltage proportional to, and im phase with, the system voltage is applied across one half of T5 primary winding, A voltage V2 im phase with I, the system current, is developed across RI and applied via RV2 to the other half of T5 primary winding. ‘These voltages produce the vector quantity ¥ + IR’ shown dn Figure 5, RV1 and RV12 provide the means of Ki reach calibration and RV2 provides pick up adjustment when the correct reverse reach has been set on the test bench and the relay. A voltage V, developed ucrose the inductor 11 leads tha current I, vhich is propertional to the system current, py almost 90°. This yeltage is applied across part of TH primary winding via RV10 and RY}, These potentioneters reduce the angle between V, and I and provide the 6, characteristic angle adjustment, second voltage ¥, is developed across Ri and is in phase with I. is voltage is applied via Rl, in opposition to V,,across the second half of TH primary winding IR and -IX are mixed to produce the vector IR-IX. The vector V+ 2! produces the polarising quantity for the phase comparater as shown in, igure 14, while the veetor quantity IR-1% is fed across the © o halves © the input to the comparator.PHASE COMPARATORS The principle of 2 comparator circuit is that the instantaneously larger of tve currents reduces the slope resistance of the diodes through which it flows, thereby providing a path of least resistance for the smaller current. The idealised diode characteristic shown in Pigure 15 clarifies this, Below the ‘toe! voltage the diede has infinite resistance, and above the ‘toe! voltage it has ero resistance, Tn this context tha diodes a may be regarded as switches vhich are eicher opened or closed by the larger current. To consider the operation ef the 2T0 relay phase comparators, assume a fault condition on the directiona: characteristic A or on the reverse reach blindes characteristi, B, Doth shown in Figure 1. on characteristic A the angle oc (between vectors 4 -IX) = 90°, as shown in Figure 4, On characteristic B the angle of (setu and IR-IX) =-90° also, as show aad The magnitude of these vectors does not greatly affect the igure 3 operation of the compars nce its action is controlied by phase and not amplitude, The polarising voltage V snown in Figure the current i, to flow in the ci P Figure 16, ‘he polarising vol im Figure 1h, also causes the circuit of Figure 16, the voltages 1 in Pigures 13 and th, both < the curr te flow as show: al halves at the366. 10 Figure 16 shows i, and i,, as heving the sane magnitude, although this is not necessary for the operation of the circuit, Throughout period ‘a! current i, d# greater than i, and both are in positive direction by definition, Current 1, biases the tvo diodes shown and biases-off the two diodes shown vith open switches in series, The tvo currents iq Fecombine at the output resistance centre-tap and there is no resultant output voltage generated by 1. he flow path of i, ts determined, that ia, 4, flows through the output re. tor and produces an output voltage proportional to i, The forward currents in the two conducting diodes are i, and i), The rest of Figur 16 shows circuit conditions during periods 'b', ‘ct, 'd', tgt and tht. ‘he comparator output voltages, shown shaded in Pigures 6(a), 9(#) and 12(a), depict the three conditions = 90°, & 590°, and C < 90°* respectively. § AND OUTPUT CTRCUZ age waveforms from the nich are desi shout 7) cedback. The amplifier outputs, switched o: input waveform and switched auxiliary element element vindings & e(c) ane 12(a) unvit level.2.7. W Pigures 6 to 12 show the relevant details for all conditions, that is & = 90°, ¢ >90° and a < 30%, To ensure thet the auxiliary olements cannot operate for zero output from the comparators, the amplifiers are offset by several millivolts in the restrain direction. D.C, POWER SUPPLY Contacts OC. are operated hy the starter unit in the system overcurrent protection relay, as shown in Figure 17. These contacts connect the 220V d.c, station battery to the relay external power supply unit which provides a regulated 22,5V d.c. supply for the ZTO relay. TIMER CIRCUIT AND TRIPPING SEQUENCE When a pole slip coudition exists the impedance vector traces a locus on the X/R diagram as shown in Figure 1, When the impedance goee to the left of the direc characteristic A, auxiliary element 4 operates, Refer now to Figure 17. ets 4-1 eloso and allow c& The time calibrated between Lome it times-ont before the impedance goes to of the reverse » sontacts T-1, T-2 e closed by operation of euxiliary element T, the impedance goes to the left12 Contacts B-2 and T-1 in series initiate a trip via relay terminals 3 and 4, If, during pole slip, the impedance passes througlt characteristics A and B and reaches the left side of characteristic B before the timer has operated, auxiliary element B operates, This opens normally closed contact B-1 to remove the dc. supply to the timer and inhibit its further operation, This condition prohibits alarm ond trip initiation, Similarly, if the impedance never goes to the left of characteristic B, auxiliary element B will not operate and no alarm and trip initiation takes place, In the event of a fault vhich produces an instantenous impedance to the left of the reverse reach 'blinder! tis B anxiliary elements A and B operate instentaneously, Contact B-1 opens to remove the character cuit d.c. supply and inhibit elerm and trip conditions, To summarise, the © 2 2TO relay will only operate under pol slip conditions which satisfy the Following eriveria: a) There te 2 ent flowing operate the overct starter and es duc, supply voltage. bp) aux ary element A operates. c) the mpedance locu esses be characteristics A end B ine timer settin, ¢@) Auxiliar element 3 operates afcer operateSRCTION & INSTALLATION hae BIVING Remove the relay from its packing and inspect for physical damage. If any damge is found, immediately send a claim to the transport company and send a report to the nearest G.E.c. branch office or agent. 4.2 HANDLING When in its case the relay is extremely robust and no special precautions are necessary. 443 STORAGE If it is not required for immediate use, return the relay to its polytheneurapper and carton. Store in a clean dry atmosphore. wok INSTALLATION Type ZTO relays shoutd be ‘tailed in a lecation free from excessive vibration. A clean dry atmosph > is recommended, but long trouble free service can still be expected in less favoura tle conditions, The type 270 relay is intended for panel mounting. To provide space ror back-wiring, allow 2 or 3 inches in addi relay depth shoula be mounted so that the front plate ‘The relay+4 SECTION 5, COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS EQUIPMENT REQUIRED - REFER TO FIGURE 18 3 phase 4kov supply 4ko/1\OV = phase shifter Bhov/6v 100-150 watt transformer 0.25 ohm - 25 ohm, 25 - 2.5A rheostat 2,5 - 25A ammeter er 0-5A anmeter and instrument C.T, 0-100V voltmeter Oseill ope capable of 2 input chop or dual beam facilities phase comparison. h) Millisecond Timer - start/stop on normally open contacts , Sik, SEYTING-UP Connect-up the relay es shown in Figure 18 and vet up the following conditions :- x1 1.0, = 1.0, KB = 8.0 Reverse reach =X, Kp 8 ches a 65°, @, = 65°, T(mS) 60ms Set XIy Tull a ti-clockwise, Connect a flying lead from relay case terminal 19 to TB2 on the back of th The impedance (2) seen ®: In order to fully cheek = © sequence the directioaal unit unit, it voctor and sradual rhrough the characteristics, 4s shown by shom in Figure 1.15 select Z then oI = = 2.54 Amps 5.3. PROCEDURE a) Using the oscilloscope, examine the waveforms across the voltage input to the relay and across the rheostat Y and I respectively. b) Energise the d.c. supply te the relay via external aropper resistors. When the 2.54A supply is applied ensure that the overcurrent starter type CAGI9 picks up and connects a d.c, supply to the relay. ad) Adjust the phase shifter until the voltage and current applied to the relay are in phase. Referring to Figure 19, if none of the auxiliary elements A, B or T in the relay nave operated this indicates point P, If all three or A and B only have picked up this indicates point @. In the latter case, reverse either the voltage or current connections to the relay to set up Point P. f£) Adjust the phase shifter zero-gointer te correspond w: th a 0° phase angle between voltage and current at point P. Sah OPERATIONAL CHECKS ph 3.8, the sype 270 relay should 4 alarm and trip. signals only under normal pole slip ions, Under ell other con the alara and trip cirsuits should remain unop: d. Compifance with the following tests shows that elay is operating correctly,Sabede 5.4.3. 16 Normal Fole Slip Conditions To simulate @ pole slip condition coming in from load area P and intersecting the directional and reverse reach \blindert characteristics above and below the resistive axis, swing the impedance vector in both directions. Check that the relay responds as follows: e)ripiretiyyailidery element! Avepexates b) Secondly, auxiliary element T operates after 60ms c) Pinnlly, auxiliary element BD operates, Fault Conditions Under fault conditions auxiliary elements 4 and 3 operate instantaneously, contacts B-1 opening to xemove the d.c, supply to the timer circuit before it can operate. To simulate such a condition, sving the impedance vector inte area Q and then switch off the 440V 3 phase supply, Switch on the Ly again bo. and check that auxiliary elements A Check also that auxiliary element has not operated. Power Swing Cond: If the 5 ie angle ®, has been lover than the line a: gle then a power ng locus could cress the diree and thea move back our again. 5 cond mn can be simulated a rotating inpeda, 2 vector across the characte: c and back out again, A but since B is set or crip can oceur as 'B* will‘ not operate,7 CHECK ON DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE SETTING 'A' Witn vector Z set at 25 ohms and 0, set at 65°, auxiliary element 'A! showld pick up with the phase shifter at 65° + 3° and -115° 4 3°. CHECK ON REVERSE RESISTIVE REACH OF BLINDER 12! Set the phase-shifter to 0°, Reverse either the voltage or the current input to the relay so that vector 7 is in the direction Q, as shown in Figure 19. Ensure that the relay settings are: Ki = 1.0, K2 = 1.0, K3 = 8. 1 Bp 5 = & ohme. Reduce the current flowing into the relay via the 0.25 - 2.5 ohm resistor until auxiliary element B just picks up, Check that the voltage applied to relay is 63.5¥. This givest = 7-94 Amps Pick up should occur +4 45% of 7.94 Ampe, that is between 7.54A and 8.3uA. CHECK ON THE INTERSECTION OF ROTATING IMPEDANCE VECTOR AND THE REVERSE REACH BLINDER CHARACTERISTIC at input connection s changed in section 7.5.6, Yeetor 12! mow be in the direction P. Adjust the 0 yf until I 2.5% Amps, Recheck that the veltage and current relationship 9 zero phase angle and ensure the phase shiftes’ po is set to 0°, 63.5 = 25 ohms & Refer to ¥ gare 19. Prom sine rule :w 18 The other point of intersection is: (180 - 6) + % = 115 4+ 17 re Rotate the impedance vector slowly, Auxiliary element 'B! should operate at +82" + 5° and nis2° & 57. CHECK ON OVERCURRENT sTanreR UNIT (oC) Connect = flying lead from relay iaput terminal 10 to TB2. Supply current to the relay, Set XI to 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Pickup of the overcurrent starter unit should occur at 2.5A, 3.75A and 5.0A 4 5% CHECK ON TIMER UNIT ACCURACY Gonnect the start channel of the timer unit to A2 contacts, that is spare contacts on auxiliary element ta!, Connect the stop channel to Ti or T2 contacts on auxiliary element Rotase impeda: a vector Z until auxiliary elements AandT operate, Check tha the operating ti! es for 4OmS, GOmS and 8Oms settings are ace19 SECTION MAINTENANCE All type ZT0 relays are interchangeable so that spare units can be installed in place of relays removed for servicing or repair, This ensures that the protection scheme is continuously operational. 6.1, ROUTINE TESTS Connect the relay into the test circuit shown in Figure 18 and proceed as described in paragraphs 5 to 5.4 of this publication. If the sequence of operation deseribed in paragraph 5.4.1 is followed, ne further testing should ve nec ary. If any doubt exists consult Section 7, ‘Fault Finding’, AUXILIARY CONTACTS Examine the contacts on auxiliary elements a, B and T, and on the overcurrent starter unit, If necessary, clean using the special burnishing tool provided in the relay tool kit which ean be obtained from GEC Measurements, Note: Great care should be taken not to disturb the eontact sett he sett ngs are suspect, check and adjust as described in Section 9, paragraph 9.1.SECTION 7. 7.2. TBs FAULT FINDING INSTRUCTIONS ‘The tests detailed in this section are arranged so that the approximate location of a fault is quickly determined, Further tests enable a faulty component or sub-assembly to be identified. All faults that result in the failure of a component ox sub esembly which can be replaced or repaired on site are dealt with in detail. If a fault ds traced to a component or sub-assembly that requires re-calibration or complicated sotting-up equipment, the relay must be returned to the factory, TEST EQUIPMENT The same equipment is needed as thas detailed in Section 5, paragraph 5.1. In addition a 4-5 chm, 10 watt resistor ts required for conasstion im series vith the 0,25 - 2 5 ohm rheostat. “A special open relay case is available to provide easier accessibility during fault finding procedures, GENERAL NOTES Power Supplies a) Connect the a.c, voltage and a.c. curren supplies to y as shown in Figure 18, Note: A max &. current of 10A continuous is permissible for K} settings from 0,5 chms to § chms. 4 maximum ef 2. continuously is allowable for KJ settings ef 16 okms and 32 ohms,24 b) Connect the 220V d.c. supply to the relay as shoun in Figure 18, If, however, any of the test procedures are carried out using only 1A a.c. current, connect the d.c. positive input to relay terminal 4 instead of 5, This by-passes contacts oc- ef the overcurrent starter which will not operate at this low level of current flow, Note: do not use a d.c, power supply vhich may produce voltage surges or which may fluctuate greatly in voltage output, Procedures Since printed cireuit boards are varnished after assembly, pointed probes are recommended vhen making connections for test purposes. If such probes are unavailabla, serape off and use standard probes, Seraped areas must be re-varnished after testing is completed, Note: Before connecting or disconnecting eny test equipment, and before using a soldering iron on any joints, disconnect the a.c, and d.c. supplies. SETTING Ti LAY CONTRO The following relay sets: otherwi stated, Front 5 KI 1,0 T (ms) = 60 K2 1.6 a, 65° 59 8.0 85 65° Kiy. 1.0763-24 Teh 22 Rear Settings Connect a flying feed from relay case terninal 10 to turret tag TB2. D.C. VOLTAGE TESTS Supply 220V d.c, via the external power supply box, to relay case terminals 4, 5 and 6 and seal in contacts 0C-2, Alternatively connect a stabilised power supply with positive straight onto relay case terminal 4 and negative to terminal 6, Do not use the external power supply Dox. With the external power supply bex in circuit the voltage across relay terminals 4 and 6 should be 21.0 - 24.0V, If a stabilised power supply is wsed as discussed earlier adjust this to approximately 24¥ and get the current limlt at 00 mA, Conneet this across P.C.B. terminal 8 on ZG 0323 004 (positive) and relay case terminal 6 without th: external droppers (negarive). Seal in auxiliary ement A and measure the voltage appearing across ter: inals 6 ead 12 on priated circuit board ZG 0323 004, This should be 21,0 - 24,0V. Auriliery element T should also operate, Measure the voltage appearing across pin 2 (positive) with respect to pin 10 on each amplifier can. This should be 21,0¥ - 24.0. ‘VOLTAGE ONLY" ¥: SECTION TESTE Connect the 63.5 a.c. 5 to relay case terminals and §. Leave the d.e. voltage s upply connected as in 20(a) to 20(g), These traces shov the progress of the voltage from from ¢ paragraph 7.4, Examine Figure relay input via the mixing © ensformers and comp through to the amplifier o' tputs, Any deviations from7.64 tne traces indicates a fault in the associated gomponents vhich should be isolated and checked, If a faulty component or sub-assembly is Located, refer to Section 6, 'Repal: If the waveforms are correct throughout, the auxiliary elements A and B should not operate under any of the following conditions: (2) © to 100% inpur voltage (0-6).5%) (b) 69% te 120% of applied d.c. voltage, based only on 220V dic, supply via external dropping resistors. (This does not apply when using a nominal 24Vv d.c, stabilised supply). (ce) Any reverse reach setting from 0, 5 to 32 ohms (a) Any setting of @, or Oy relay angle potentiometers, VOURRENT ONLY! INJECTION TESTS Connect the 4-6 ohm, 108 ister in series with the rheestat, as shown in Figure 18. Disconnect the z.c. voltage supply to the relay. Sot the a.c. current circuit to give a 1A flow into the relay current circuit, Lenve the d.e, voltage supply connected to the relay as in paragraph 7.4, Examine Figures 21(a) to 2t(n). These traces indicate the progress of the curren gnal from the relay inpet vie ansformers the mixing @ comparator through to she amplifier outputs. Any deviation from these traces indicates 2 fault the associated components wnich should be atea and checked, If a faulty component or sub-assen’ cated, refer to Section 8, 'Repairt. Referring to res 21(1), 21(m) and 21(n), note that no operation é i ary elements A and 3 has occurred alt! there is no restraining veltage24 being fed into the relay. This is because a small voltage must be present to polarise the comparator. In fact, the directional and reverse reach characteristice (refer to Pigure 21(1) are shown crossing the Reaxis with a small discontinuity due to the comparator diodes not ‘being perfect svitches. Several volts a.c. at the voltage input terminals are all that is required to operate the auxiliary elements and bias the traces shown in Figures 21(m) and 21(n) well below the zero axis and into the ‘operate! region. If the current waveforms and d.c. voltage levels are correct, check the sequence of operation : described in Section 5, paragraph 5.4, If this is correct proceed to Sec mn 9, !Calibration'. VOLTAGE AND ¢ URRENT TEST: Swing the rotating impedance vector inte the second segment at approximately 135° (refer to Figure 22), with the Poor 1A: chm resistor still connected to give z This produces an operate condition vell within tne A and B characteristics. Refer te the result: comparator outputs shown in Figures 23(a) and 23(b), TIMER OPERA ON TESTS the tamer tests requir: the dic, voltage supply connected as dese: bed in paragraph 7.4, The ace. voltage and a,c, cu ent supply uits may be disconnected,25 Manually operate the armature of auxiliary element A, after which auxiliary element T should operate. If auxiliary element T fails to operate, refer to Figure 17 and proceed as fellows: 1. Check that auxiliary element B has not operated and that the normally closed contacts B-1 are making a geod electrical connection. check that the d.c, voltage is present across loop and bead connector ¢ (positive) and terminal 6 on printed circuit beard 20323 002 in the top module. Connect the probes of an oscilloscope across connector F or G (positive) and terminal 6. The voltage indicated should be between 9V and 18¥, 4. Measure the voltage across R20, A reading of several volts indicates that TR! is operating correctly, 5. Measure the voltage across. Ri&, A reading of several volts indicates that TR2 is operating correctly, 6. Mensure the voltage ef DI1 which in parallel to che arma pe winding of auxiliary eleuent D. The reading obtained should be the full suppiy voltage minus Vj, of TRO. If the reading is incorrect, TR3 is suspect. any of the foregoing tests ere unsatisfactory, place the suspected faulty components, at the same time referring to Section 8, ‘Repair! and Section 9 'Calibration!.SECTION 26 & REPAIRS Most components and sub-assemblies of the type 270 relay can be replaced on-site. All components and sub-ascemblies used are subjected to rigerous tests, and normally only those supplied from our factory should be used as replacements, ‘These are identified as follows: (a) Printed citcuit board (p.c.b.) reference. (p) Circuit diagram reference and letter of issue. (c) Circuit component reference (R1, Cl ete.). Items ubich should not be replaced on-site are those which require subsequent re-calitration and/or specialised test equipment. The relevant Pperagraph in Section 9 gives detailed calibration instructions. if doubts exist regarding relay equipment should be completed re-calibrated and Fe-commissioned. GENERAL NOTES FOR ON-SITE REPAIRS 1, The soldering iron used should have a small clean bit and be either low wattage or fitted vich @ reliable thermostat 2, For the remeval of componente mounted on Sabi es, serape off the protective varnish before apply: the solde: 3. When removai use a 'seld This prevents damag! copper track,4. After replacement of faulty components, reseal the soldered joints vith a gloss finish polyurethane varnish such as 'Ronseal! or 'PUI2,! 5. The failure of some components may cause the over-stressing of other components, Where this is likely, check all components in the adjacent circuitry. If pre-set potentiometer settings are disturbed, the spindles should be re-sealed to the collar with shellac. When an auxiliary elemant or its associated poten- tiometer is replaced, the contact settings and the square vave pick-up setting must be checked before re-commissioning. FACTORY REPAIRS Because of inadequace site faci. ities and the need for special equipment, some components must be replaced at the factory. This is particularly important for the front plate potent: meters, RY9-t(ma), RVIO-@,, RVI1-8, RVIZ-K1 and RVI xTy_ which must be completely re-calitrated, Inductor L1, which has to be adjusted after, ass bly should also be factory replaced.28 9,0 CALIBRATION The equipment listed in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1 and the circuit diagram in Fig. 18 is required, Inciude the 4-6 ohm, 10 watt resistor in the current path where required, Por calibration the relay mist be connected into a special open case availabie trom GEC Measurements, Plates 1 to 4 will help in locating potentioncte 9.1 MECHANICAL SETTINGS 9.141 O/C CAGI9 Auxiliary element - Overcurrent starter Contacts = 2 normaly open Setting Instructions = 396P02,18 - 17 Armature Gap = Closed 0.045" (1.8 Acunture Gap = Open 0,075" (3.04 Contact Gap = 0,040"-0,045" (1.6 +8 Follow Through = 0,0257-0,030"(1 0 te Pressure to lift fixed contact off support Bett Pressure to make contacts close 15-01 coil ~ PBO033 026 9.1.2 Timer Auxiliary element (7) Contacts - 3 normally ove: Fp002 2 Setting Instructions = 396F02,18 - A416 Armature Gap = 0,060" (2.4 Contact Cap = 0.070"-0,080"(2. Follow Through = 0,020"-0,025"(C.8 Pressure to lift fixed contact off 15-20 20-25 coil = 2¢ 0229 Qe} Auxiddary elements A and B Contacts (A) - 2 normally open contacts (B) 2 normally open } normally closec Setting Instructions ~ 396F02.18 - A65 Set normally closed contact on A to same as nermally open contacts. Armature Gap = 0,042"-0,048" (1.5 Ves Contaet Gap - 0,060"-0,065"(2. 20 Follow Through = 0.020"-0.025"(0.1 1 Pressure to 1ift fixed contact off support 15-20. gm: Pressure to make contacts close 22-25 coil = 2¢ 0228 017 942 = PIERS "A" AND "'B" Connect a d.c. supply to che relay as daseribed in, Section 7, paragraph 7.4. Note that when a stabilised supply is used, the positive 1 should be connected direct to relay terminal Thie arrangement by-passes the overcurrent starter contacts UL-1, DO NOT connect the 2.c, volt Auxiliary elementS 4 and B should not be energised although, absence of a res some could occur if ife or both auzili requirus adjustment. medule, A on the left Adjust she mut the relevant ene eon aD, off che This sets up the that it may be to gain acces amplifier. Note piecs of silica rubber 9.961 Ample si oscillose 5Y/division, and H [zero iG 0324 002.Connect the relay into the circuit shown in Figure 18, Set the relay controls as follow Ki = 13 Ke = KR = 8. x} fully clockwise ima) =, 60 8, = 65% @ = 65° Check to ensure that the d.c. positive supply by-passes contacts oc- 1, Connect the 63.5V a.c. supply to the relay and adjust the rheostat until a current reading of 2,5 amporesis flowing. Using the phase-shifter, swing the Z vector until square waves are ebserved on the oseiiloscope. The mark-space ratio should be amity. Adjust RV8 until auxiliary element A just operates. 9.3.2 Amplifier Connect the oscilloscope across loop and bead connectors D and # (zero voltage Line). Repeat the procedure detailed in paragraph 9.3-2, this tine adjusting RV7 until auxiliary element 3 just operates. 9. REACH ADJUSTMENT With on omeflloacope connected as chown in Figure 18, adjust the phase-chifter until the current and voltage waveforms, are in phase. This corresponds to te impedance vector (Z) at point P on Figure 19. Reyerse either the Q.C, voltage or,a.e. current input so that the phase angle between V and_J is 180°, This corresponds to the impec Vector (Z) at point Q on Figure 19. Check the relay sett gs are as Kl = 1; X25 1; K3= 6 8 ohme. Reley reach setting R= K1, K2, #3 Cheek that the a.c. voltage supply = 63.5 exactly and adjust che rheoatat to give 94 amperes Adjust RYZ so that auxilfary element 3 J NOTE: do not connect the 7.94A current flow for more than If adjustment of RV2 is not complete, allow at least 1 minuve before Teconnecting the supply. 9.5 TIMER CALIBRATION Reverse back the polarity of the a.¢. voltace or a.c, current supply (which ever vas changed in paragraph 9.4) so that the supplies are connected as described in paregrarh 9.3.1, Connect the 4-6 ohmat resistor in series with the rheostat, as shown’in Figure 18. Adjust the rheestat to give 1A current flow, Set the ¢(ms) potontionater on the frent of the relay to 60. Connect the start Channel of a timer across spare contacts A~2 on auxiliary olement A Gnd connect the stop channel acress contacts T-1 or T-2 on auxiliary element T. To set up the timer, adjust the phase-shifter until auxiliary element A operates followed by auxiliary element T, Take a note of the timer reading and then re-adjust the phase-shifter until q de-energises, Repeat the exercise several times to work out an average time. Ef necessary adjust RVi4 until the average time is 60 mo. at t(ms) potentiomater to 40 and SO, Check that the operating times are within + 5ms of the, calibrations. 946 ADJUSTMENT OF CHARACTERISTIC ANGE © Set angle @10n the relay to 65°, Remove the 4-6 ohm resistor in series with the rheostat and set up a 16 chm impedance vector. The current flow is calculated as r= 83:5 - 5.978. On the relay set KI = 1.0, K2 = 1.0, KJ = 8,0, Other relay settings de not affect this test. Carefully cheek the voltage/eurrent relationship at P on Figure 19 and ensure that the phase-shifter is aat to zero. Do not leave the current flowing for more than 30 seconds and allow 1 to 2 minutes between applications of current, ding the impedance vector until auxiliary elemsnt A operates . Tis pick-up will occur at approximately 65° and 135 elect the operation at 65°. If necessary adjust §V4 ugtil pick-up occurs, Adjust the relay 6) ay scttiag to 30°, 1 60°, 70° and 75° in ture, The auxiliary element should renain operated at each angular setting. 9.7 ADJUSTMENT OF CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE 62 Use the same test c: iled. for the tests in peragraph 9.6. Set S seen by the relay 9 16 ohms io Produce a current flow I = 63.5 = 3.97A. 7S Adjust the relay settings as follows: Hint gd; Werts0y 8 (to give = 8 ohms) 2 = 65° jay settings do not affect this test. Refer to Figure z&,0ig the angle the rotating vector makes with the resistive axis when the impedance vector intersects the reverse blinder characteristic at B.32 f= sin “' (BS sin 02) at 62 = 65° (calibration point) p= sin 7! (S sin 65°) = 26.9° 14 O72 26.9 + 65 = 91.9% Check that the impedance vector Z crosses the reverse reach blinde. 92°, If necessary adjust RV} for this condition, hack that intersection of the impedance vector 2 gnd the reverse reach blinder 8 occurs at the following points + 3°, a P T= +H Rs® 792° 85.7° 91.9° 98.0° *03.9° 9.8 OVERCURRENT STARTER CHEC! t the die. 2 0,5 tap on bast, Hneure the fly: ronnacted to TRZ, voltage fo other lead from relay case connection 10 is elec Suppl: but wi and chee Rapeat at the test cireuit shown es resistor shorted ou y operates az 2,54 + y= 2 and check that the aE DA75A + 5) 2 respectively, Kf the pick-up points are outside the limits given, as a cemporary measure the XIy seale can be marked in pencil to pick-up actually oceurs.39 9.9 NOTES ON CALIBRATION It has been assumed throughous this section that potentiometer RV9, RV10, RV11, RV12 and RVI} have not hean disturbed. If any of these have been replaced the relay must be returned to the factory for complete front plate recalibration. At the completion of calibration ali pre-set potentiometers should be locked with shellac, All test points and newly soldered joints should be sealed with a polyurethane varnish’w TOP MODULE (continued) pi = 18921 MULLARD, 200mA, 100¥ P.T. Amplifier A - Combined comparator and squaring amplifier ZG 0058 019 Amplifier B - Combined comparator and squaring amplifier ZG 0058 019 Auxiliary 4 - 2 N/O CONTACTS N/O, 1N/C CONTACTS Auxiliary B - Auxiliary T = 3 8/0 CONTACTS Overcurrent Starter - 2 n/o CONTACTS LOWER MODULE RV - 39 6 watts WELWYN - WIRE WOUND Re e 1x $ vate WELWYN = MR5 RB - 8.2K 6 watts WELWYN - WIRE WOUND RY a 470 $ wate WELWYN = MRS RS S } watt WELWYN = MR5 RG - WELWYN - WIRE WOUND - RWV4 RS = WELWYN - WIRE WOUND - AW1602 RVI = 2 watts PLESSRY TYPE EN nv20 - 1 wate COLVERN WIRE FOUND RVD - ¥ MP DEALER - PLESSEY vee Ly $ watt NP DEALER - PLESSEY Ryo - 1.8K 2 watts RVIO - 1.08 3 watts RYID + RVIZ = RVI. - 17K 2 watts COLVERN WERE WOUND bs a 15921 1OOV F.r. 200mA MULLARD By = 100V P.E, 200mA MULLARDLOWER MODULE (continued) DS = 18921 1OOV P.I, 200ma MULLARD Dé - 18921 OOV P.T. 200mA MULLARD D15-D16 “RECTIFIER STACK ELECTRO AUTOMAT - 2P281Xt Lt - Inductor 2C0120 001 30 ohms @ 50Hy, ™ - Main C.T. ZC 0097 009 T2-T5 - Mixing Traneformers - 2C 0095 006 Amplifier cans, inductors, auxiliary units, and transformers are available only frea GEC Measurements. Their type numbers are quoted.