Business Statistics A First Course 3rd Edition Sharpe Solutions Manual Download

Business Statistics A First Course 3rd
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Chapter 5 – Randomness and Probability
SECTION EXERCISES
SECTION 5.1
1.
a) Independent. There is no reason to think that the gender of one customer using an ATM machine
will influence the gender of the next customer using an ATM machine (unless a large group of one
gender comes to the ATM machine together).
b) Independent. The last digit of one student’s SS number provides no information about the last
digit of another student’s SS number.
c) Not independent. Since all exams are taken by the same person, then knowing the performance on
one exam provides information about the performance on subsequent exams.
2.
a) Not independent. Houses in the same neighborhood are comparably priced. Therefore, knowing
the price of one home will likely provide information about the price of another home on the same
block.
b) Not independent. Since all heart rates are taken on the same person while exercising, the heart
rates will be similar to each other. Therefore the value of one measurement will provide
information about the values of subsequent measurements.
c) Independent. There is no reason to think that the heart rate of one student in the gym will provide
information about the heart rates of other students in the gym.
SECTION 5.2
3.
a) The strategy of always playing the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will not improve the chances of winning
the lottery (but it won’t reduce the chances either). Since each number drawn is equally likely and
independent of the others, this set of numbers is just as likely as any other set of numbers in the
next drawing.
5-1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-2 Chapter 5 Randomness and Probability
b) The strategy of playing randomly generated numbers will not improve the chances of winning the
lottery (but it won’t reduce the chances either). Since each number drawn is equally likely and
independent of the others, a set of randomly generated numbers is just as likely as any other set of
numbers in the next drawing.
4.
a) The strategy of randomly selecting a set of numbers from among those that have not come up in
the last three lottery drawings will not improve the chances of winning the lottery (but it won’t
reduce the chances either). Because each number drawn is equally likely and independent of the
others, as well as independent of the numbers that have come up in previous lottery drawings, any
set of numbers is just as likely as any other in the next drawing.
b) The strategy of choosing numbers that did come up in the most recent lottery drawing will not
improve the chances of winning the lottery (but it won’t reduce the chances either). Because each
number drawn is equally likely and independent of the others, as well as independent of the
numbers that have come up in previous lottery drawings, any set of numbers is just as likely as any
other in the next drawing.

Chapter 5 Randomness and Probability 5-3
SECTION 5.4
5.
a) P(passenger in seat A does not turn off his phone) = 0.40. The probability for each passenger is the
same.
b) Complement Rule:
P(passenger in seat A does turn off his phone) = 1 – P(passenger in seat A does not turn off his
phone) = 1 – 0.40 = 0.60
c) Multiplication Rule:
P(both of the passengers in seat A and seat B turn off their phone) = 0.60×0.60 = 0.36
d) Addition Rule:
P(at least one passenger in either seat A or Seat B turns off their phone) = 0.60+0.60-(0.36) = 0.84
or 1 – (0.42) = 0.84
6.
a) P(first partner is a marketing major) = 0.10
b) Complement Rule:
P(first partner is not a marketing major) = 1 – P(first partner is a marketing major)
= 1 – 0.10 = 0.90
c) Multiplication Rule:
P(both partners are marketing majors) = 0.10×0.10 = 0.01
d) Addition Rule:
P(one or the other partner is a marketing major) = (0.10+0.10)-(0.01) = 0.19 or 1-(0.902) = 0.19
SECTION 5.5
7.
a) P(Serious Concern) = 755/1200 = 0.629
b) This is a marginal probability.
c) P(Republican and Serious Concern) = 210/1200 = 0.175
d) This is a joint probability.
8.
a) P(Hispanic) = 292/1438 = 0.20306
b) P(Black and 2 Adult Generations) = 119/1438 = 0.0828
c) The probability in part a is marginal; the probability in part b is joint.
SECTION 5.6
9.
a) Conditional probability:
𝑃(Serious Concern 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Republican) 210
𝑃(Serious Concern|Republican = = = 0.42
𝑃(Republican) 500
b) Conditional probability:
𝑃(Serious Concern 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Republican) 210
𝑃(Republican|Serious Concern) = = = 0.278
𝑃(Serious Concern) 755
c) Conditional probability:
𝑃(Serious Concern 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Democrat) 415
𝑃(Serious Concern|Democrat) = = = 0.83
𝑃(Democrat) 500

10.
a) Conditional probability:
𝑃(2 Adult Gens 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Black) 119
𝑃(2 Adult Gens|Black) = = = 0.4760
𝑃(Black) 250
b) Conditional probability:
𝑃(White 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 Skip Gens) 55
𝑃(White|2 Skip Gens) = = = 0.5556
𝑃(2 Skip Gens) 99
𝑃(3 or More Gens 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Asian) 48
𝑃(3 or More Gens|Asian) = = = 0.4364
𝑃(Asian) 110
SECTION 5.7
11.
a) By the Complement rule, 100% - 30% = 70%
b) The 25% refers to the joint probability: P(Under 50 and Banks Online).
c)
Online Banking
Age Yes No
Under 50 0.25 0.15 0.40
50 or Older 0.05 0.55 0.60
0.30 0.70 1.00
d) Conditional probability:
𝑃(Yes 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Under 50) 0.25
𝑃(Yes|Under 50) = = = 0.625
𝑃(Under 50) 0.40
e) Banking Online and Age are not independent. The conditional probability of online banking for
those under 50 is 0.625; this is not the same as the marginal probability of banking online (0.30).
Consequently, knowing age changes the probability of banking online.
12.
a) By the Complement rule, 100% -70% = 30%
b) The 20% refers to the joint probability: P (U.S. and Log on Every Day).
c)
United States Not United States
Log on every day 0.20 0.30 0.50
Do not log on every 0.10 0.40 0.50
day
0.30 0.70 1.00
𝑃(U. S. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Logs on Every Day) 0.20

𝑃(U. S. |Logs on Every Day) = = = 0.40
𝑃(Logs on Every Day) 0.50
e) Logging on Facebook Every Day and Being from the U.S. are not independent. The conditional
probability of being from the U.S. given that a user logs on to Facebook every day is 0.40; this is
not the same as the marginal probability of being from the U.S. (0.30). Consequently, knowing
that a user logs on to Facebook every day changes the probability that the user is from the U.S.
SECTION 5.8

13.
a)
b) 0.012 + 0.015 + 0.01 = 0.037 = 3.7%

c) 0.015/0.037 = 0.405
14.
a)
b) 0.015 + 0.017 + 0.013 = 0.045 = 4.5%

c) 1/3 = 0.333
d) 0.013/(0.015 + 0.017 + 0.013) = 0.289 (without roundoff 0.281)
SECTION 5.9
15.
a) White: 0.68; Black: 0.11; Hispanic/Latino/Other: 0.21; White Male: 0.54, White Female: 0.46;
Black Male: 0.52, Black Female: 0.48; Hispanic/Latino/Other Male: 0.58, Hispanic/Latino/Other
Female: 0.42.
b) 0.11× 0.48 = 0.0528
c) P(Female |Black) represents the probability that a randomly selected worker is female, given
that they are Black = 0.46

d) P(White |Female) represents the probability that a randomly selected worker is White, given
that they are female. P(White and Female) = 0.68*0.46 = 0.3128.
P(Female) 0.46 × 0.68 + 0.48 × 0.11 + 0.42 × 0.21 = 0.3128 + 0.0528 + 0.0882 = 0.4538.
P(White and Female ) 0.3128
= = 0.6893
P( Female) 0.4538
16.
a) Truth: 0.95, Lie: 0.05; Polygraph says Lie given Truth: 0.15; Polygraph says True given Truth:
0.85; Polygraph says Lie given Lie: 0.60; Polygraph says True given Lie: 0.40.
0.15
0.95
0.85
0.60
0.05
0.40
b) 0.95*0.85 = 0.8075
c) Using Bayes' Theorem: P(Trustworthy|Lies)
P(Trustworthy |Lies) represents the probability that a randomly selected worker is Truthful,
given that the Kiosk says they were lying. P(Trustworthy and Lies) = 0.95*0.15 = 0.1425.
P(Trustworthy) = 0.1425 + 0.05*0.60 = 0.1725. P(Trustworthy and Lies ) = 0.1425 = 0.8261
P( Lies) 0.1725
CHAPTER EXERCISES
17. What does it mean? part 1.

a) Individual outcomes cannot be predicted, although in the long run, the relative frequencies may be
known (for a roulette wheel should be equal).
b) This is likely a personal probability expressing his degree of belief that there will be a new high.
18. What does it mean? part 2.

a) The radio announcer is referring to the so-called “law of averages,” which is a mistaken belief that
probability will compensate in the short term for odd occurrences in the past. The weather is not
more likely to be bad in the winter because of a few sunny days in the autumn.
b) There is no such thing as being “due for a hit.” This statement is based on the so-called “law of
averages.” The batter’s chance for a hit does not change based on recent successes or failures.
19. Airline safety.

a) There is no such thing as the “law of averages.” The overall probability of an airplane crash does
not change due to recent crashes. The long term probability stays the same. Each airplane flight is
independent of another flight.
b) The overall probability of an airplane crash does not change due to a period in which there were
no crashes. Again, there is not such thing as the “law of averages.” It makes no sense to say a
crash is “due”. If you say this, you are expecting probability to compensate for strange events in
the past.

20. Economic predictions.

a) They are referring to the so-called “law of averages” but the current market behavior is
independent of past market behavior.
b) They are referring to the so-called “law of averages.” The probability for each individual event
doesn’t necessarily change just because the stock has been down four sessions in a row.
21. Fire insurance.

a) It would be foolish to insure your neighbor’s house for $300. Although you would probably
collect the $300, there is a chance you could end up paying much more than $300. The risk is not
worth the $300.
b) The insurance company insures many people. The overwhelming majority of customers pays and
never makes a claim. The few customers who do make a claim are offset by the many that simply
send their premiums in regularly without a claim. The relative risk to the insurance company is
low.
22. Casino gambling.

a) The Desert Inn Resort can afford to give away millions of dollars on a $3 bet because almost all of
the people who bet do not win the jackpot.
b) The press release generates publicity, which entices more people to come and gamble. Even if that
particular slot machine has paid out more than it ever took in, the publicity it gives to the casino
and the overall revenue more than makes up for it.
23. Toy company.

a) Yes (the sum of the probabilities = 1).
b) Yes (the sum of the probabilities = 1).
c) No (the sum of the probabilities > 1).
d) Yes (the sum of the probabilities = 1).
e) No (sum of the probabilities  1 and one value is negative).
24. Store discounts.

a) No (the sum of the probabilities < 1).
b) No (the sum of the probabilities > 1).
c) Yes (the sum of the probabilities = 1).
d) No (one value is negative).
e) Yes (the sum of the probabilities = 1).
25. Quality control. Assume that the defective tires are distributed randomly to all tire distributors so that the
events can be considered independent. The multiplication rule may be used. P(at least one of four tires is
defective) = 1 – P(none are defective) = 1 – (0.98)(0.98)(0.98)(0.98) ≈ 0.078.
26. Pepsi promotion. Assume that the winning caps are distributed randomly so that the events can be
considered independent. The multiplication rule may be used. P(you win something) = 1 – P(you win
nothing) = 1 – (0.90)(0.90)(0.90)(0.90)(0.90)(0.90) ≈ 0.469.
27. Auto warranty. All the events listed are disjoint. The addition rule can be used.
a) Subtract all repair probabilities from 1:
P(no repairs) = 1 – P(some repairs) = 1 – (0.17 + 0.07 + 0.04) = 1 – ( 0.28) = 0.72
b) P(no more than one repair) = P(no repairs or one repair) = 0.72 + 0.17 = 0.89
c) P(some repairs) = P(one or two or three or more repairs) = 0.17 + 0.07 + 0.04 = 0.28
28. Consulting team. The events are disjoint. Use the addition rule.
a) P(extensive experience) = 1 – P(no experience or limited experience) = 1 – (0.55 + 0.32) = 0.13
b) P(some experience) = 1 – P(no experience) = 1 – 0.55 = 0.45
c) P(no experience or limited experience) = (0.55 + 0.32) = 0.87

29. Auto warranty, part 2. Assuming that repairs on the two cars are independent from one another, the
multiplication rule can be used. The probabilities from Exercise 11 are used in the calculations.
a) P(neither will need repair) = (0.72)(0.72) = 0.5184
b) P(both will need repair) = (0.28)(0.28) = 0.0784
c) P(at least one will need repair) = 1 – P(neither will need repair) = 1 – (0.72)(0.72) = 0.4816
30. Consulting team, part 2. Assuming that the individual experience levels are independent from one
another, the multiplication rule can be used. The probabilities from Exercise 28 are used in the calculations.
a) P(neither has experience) = (0.55)(0.55) = 0.3025
b) P(both have experience) = P(both have at least some experience) = (0.45)(0.45) = 0.2025
c) P(at least one has extensive experience) = P(at least one has extensive experience) = 1–P(neither
has extensive experience) = 1 – (0.87)(0.87) = 0.2431. Another method: [(0.13)(0.13) +
2(0.32)(0.13) + 2(0.55)(0.13)] = 0.0169 + 2(0.0416) +2(0.0715) = 0.2431.
31. Auto warranty, again.

a) The repair needs for the two cars must be independent of each other.
b) This may not be reasonable. An owner may treat the two cars similarly, taking good (or poor) care
of both. This may decrease (or increase) the likelihood that each needs to be repaired.
32. Final consulting team project.

a) The telecommunications backgrounds of the analysts must be independent of one another.
b) The team was assigned at random, so the telecommunications backgrounds are independent.
33. Real estate. The events are disjoint. Use the addition rule.
a) P(pool or a garage) = P(garage) + P(pool) – P(both) = 0.64 + 0.21 – 0.17 = 0.68
b) P(neither a pool or garage) = 1 – P(pool or garage) = 1 – 0.68 = 0.32
c) P(pool but no garage) = P(pool) – P(both) = 0.21 – 0.17 = 0.04
34. Human resource data. The events are disjoint. Use the addition rule.
a) P(neither married nor a college graduate) = 1 – [P(married) + P(college graduate) – P(both)] = 1 –
[0.72 + 0.44 – 0.50(0.44)] = 0.06
b) P(married but not a college student) = P(married) – P(both) = 0.72 – 0.50(0.44) = 0.50
c) P(married or a college graduate) = P(married) + P(college graduate) – P(both) = 0.72 + 0.44 –
0.50(0.44) = 0.94
35. Mars product information.

a) Assuming that all of the events are disjoint (an M&M cannot be two colors at once), use the
addition rule where applicable.
i. P(brown) = 1 – P(not brown) = 1 – P(yellow or red or orange or blue or green) = 1 –
(0.20 + 0.20 + 0.10 + 0.10 +0.10) = 0.30
ii. P(yellow or orange) = 0.20 + 0.10 = 0.30
iii. P(not green) = 1 – P(green) = 1 – 0.10 = 0.90
iv. P(striped) = 0
b) Since the events are independent (picking out one M&M doesn’t affect the outcome of the next
pick), the multiplication rule may be used.
i. P(all three are brown) = (0.30)(0.30)(0.30) = 0.027
ii. P(the third one is the first one that is red) = P(not red and not red and red) =
(0.80)(0.80)(0.20) = 0.128
iii. P(no yellow) = P(not yellow and not yellow and not yellow) = (0.80)(0.80)(0.80) = 0.512
iv. P(at least one is green) = 1 – P(none are green) = 1 – (0.90)(0.90)(0.90) = 0.271
36. American Red Cross.

a) Since all of the events are disjoint (a person cannot have more than one blood type!), use the
addition rule where applicable.
i. P(Type AB) = 1 – P(not Type AB) = 1 – P(Type O or Type A or Type B) = 1 – (0.45 +
0.40 + 0.11) = 0.04
ii. P(Type A or Type B) = 0.40 + 0.11 = 0.51
iii. P(not Type O) = 1 – P(Type O) = 1 – 0.45 = 0.55
b) Since all of the events are independent (one person’s blood type doesn’t affect the blood type of
the next), the multiplication rule may be used.
i. P(all four are Type O) = (0.45)(0.45)(0.45)(0.45) ≈ 0.041
ii. P(no one is Type AB) = P(not AB and not AB and not AB and not AB) =
(0.96)(0.96)(0.96)(0.96) ≈ 0.849
iii. P(they are not all Type A) = 1 – P(all Type A) = 1 – (0.40)(0.40)(0.40)(0.40) = 0.9744
iv. P(at least one person is Type B) = 1 – P(no one is Type B) = 1 – (0.89)(0.89)(0.89)(0.89)
≈ 0.373
37. More Mars product information.

a) For one draw, the events of getting a red M&M and getting an orange M&M are disjoint events.
Your single draw cannot be both red and orange.
b) For two draws, the events of getting a red M&M on the first draw and a red M&M on the second
draw are independent events. Knowing that the first draw is red does not influence the probability
of getting a red M&M on the second draw.
c) No. Once you know that one of a pair of disjoint events has occurred, the other one cannot occur,
so its probability has become zero.
38. American Red Cross, part 2.

a) For one person, the events of having Type A blood and having Type B blood are disjoint events.
One person cannot be have both Type A and Type B blood.
b) For two people, the events of the first having Type A blood and the second having Type B blood
are independent events. Knowing that the first person has Type A blood does not influence the
probability of the second person having Type B blood.
c) Given the probabilities of blood types given in Exercise 36, we will answer the question where
two blood type events can ever be both disjoint and independent. Disjoint events can never be
independent. Once you know that one of a pair of disjoint events has occurred, the other one
cannot occur, so its probability has become zero. For example, consider selecting one person, and
checking his or her blood type. If the person’s blood type is Type A, it cannot possibly be Type B.
Knowing that the person’s blood type is Type A influences the probability that the person’s blood
type is Type B. It’s zero. The events are not independent.
39. Tax accountant.

a) P(all 3 audited) = (0.50)(0.50)(0.50) = 0.125
b) P(none will be audited) = (0.50)(0.50)(0.50) = 0.125
c) P(at least one will be audited) = 1 – (0.50)(0.50)(0.50) = 0.875
d) Assume that the events are independent of each other.
40. Casinos. Each wheel runs independently of the others, so the multiplication rule may be used.
a) P(lemon on 1 wheel) = 0.30 so P(3 lemons) = (0.30)(0.30)(0.30) = 0.027
b) P(bar or bell on 1 wheel) = 0.50 so P(no fruit symbols) = (0.50)(0.50)(0.50) = 0.125
c) P(bell on 1 wheel) = 0.10 so P(3 bells) = (0.10)(0.10)(0.10) = 0.001
d) P(no bell on 1 wheel) = 0.90 so P(no bells on 3 wheels) = (0.90)(0.90)(0.90) = 0.729
e) P(no bar on 1 wheel) = 0.60 so P(at least one bar on 3 wheels) = 1 – P(no bars) = 1 –
(0.60)(0.60)(0.60) = 0.784

41. Spam filter. Assuming that the mail delivery is independent from one day to the next, the multiplication
rule may be used.
a) P(gets interrupted on Monday and again on Tuesday) = (0.15)(0.15) = 0.0225
b) P(gets interrupted for the first time on Thursday) = (0.85)(0.85)(0.85) (0.15) = 0.092
c) P(gets stopped every day) = (0.15)(0.15)(0.15) (0.15)(0.15) = 0.00008
d) P(gets stopped at least once) = 1 – P(never gets stopped) = 1 – (0.85)(0.85)(0.85) (0.85)(0.85) =
0.556
42. Tablet tech support. Assuming that the calls from users of each machine are independent and equally
likely to call, the multiplication rule may be used.
a) P(all 3 calls are IOS) = (0.54)(0.54)(0.54) = 0.1575
b) P(none are Androids) = P(not an Android and not an Android and not an Android) =
(0.57)(0.57)(0.57) = 0.1852
c) P(at least one is a Windows machine) = 1 – P(no Windows) = 1 – (0.97)(0.97)(0.97) = 0.0873
d) P(all are Windows machines) = (0.03)(0.03)(0.03) = 0.000027
43. Casinos, part 2.

a) Your thinking is correct. There are 47 cards left in the deck, 26 black and only 21 red.
b) This is not an example of the Law of Large Numbers. The card draws are not independent of each
other. The cards are not put back in the deck after they are drawn.
44. Inventory.
a) Her thinking is correct. There are 14 boxes left, of which 10 are men’s bikes and only 4 are
women’s bikes.
b) This is not an example of the Law of Large Numbers. The box selections are not independent of
each other. The boxes are not put back in the choices after they are opened.
45. U.S. economic conditions 2013.

a) 585/1500 = 0.39
b) (645 + 585)/1500  0.82
46. More economic conditions 2013.

a) P(all 3 responded poor) =(0.39)(0.39)(0.39) = 0.059
b) P(none of the 3 responded poor) =(0.61)(0.61)(0.61) = 0.227
c) The assumption is the answers are independent.
d) The study is conducted randomly and responses do not influence each other.
47. Owning guns.

a) P(“No”) = 815/1270  0.642
b) P(“Don’t know/Refused”) = 45/1270  0.0354
c) 1 – (410 + 815)/1270
48. Gun ownership, part 2. Assuming that the responses are independent from one another, the multiplication
rule can be used.
a) P(all 3 “Yes”) = (410/1270) (410/1270) (410/1270) = 0.32283 = 0.0336
b) P(None reported “Yes”) = (860/1270) (860/1270) (860/1270) = 0.6773 = 0.311
c) The responses are independent.
d) One response does not influence the other.

49. Contract bidding.

a)
b) P(you will get both contracts) = 0.16

c) Using Bayes' Theorem: P(get Contract #1|get Contract #2)
P(get Contract #1 |get Contract #2) represents the probability that you get Contract #1, given
that
you got Contract #2. P(get Contract #1 and get Contract #2) = 0.16. P(get Contract #2) =
0.16 + 0.08 = 0.24. P ( get Contract #1 and get Contract # 2) = 0.16 = 0.667
P ( get Contract # 2) 0.24
50. Extended warranties. Assuming that the contacts are independent from one another, the multiplication
rule can be used.
a)
b) 0.45 + 0.225 = 0.675 or 67.5%

c) (Basic camera) $750*0.75*0.40 = $225; (Deluxe camera) $1250*0.25*0.1 = $31.25
(Basic camera w/warranty) $950*0.75*0.60 = $427.5; (Deluxe camera w/warranty) $1450*0.25*0.90
= $326.25; Total = $1010
d) Using Bayes' Theorem: P(purchase extended warranty|purchase deluxe camera)
P(purchase extended warranty|purchase deluxe camera) represents the probability that you
purchase a deluxe camera, given that you purchased an extended warranty. P(purchase extended
warranty and purchase a deluxe camera) = 0.225. P(purchase an extended warranty)= 0.675.
P ( purchase extended warranty and purchase a deluxe camera ) 0.225
= = 0.333
P( purchase deluxe camera ) 0.675
51. Tweeting.
a) P(Tweet and < 30) = P(Tweet) × P(< 30 | Tweet) = 0.15×0.50 = 0.075
b) Using Bayes’s theorem, P (Tweet |<30) = P(Tweet and < 30/P(<30)) = 0.075/0.23 = 0.326

52. Titanic survival.

a) P(S | First) = 203/(203 + 122) = 0.625; P(S | Second) = 118/(118 + 167) = 0.414;
P(S | Third) = 178/(178 + 528) = 0.252; P(S | Crew) = 212/(212 + 673) = 0.240
b)
0.0925
0.0555
0.0534
0.0756
0.0809
0.2401
0.0965
0.3055
c) Using Bayes’s theorem, P(First | S) = P(First and S)/P(S) = 0.0925/(711/2201) = 0.286
53. Coffeehouse survey.

a) P(spending more time at coffeehouses and donut shops than last year) = (114/1135) = 0.10
b) P(a person is younger than 25 years old) = 190/1135 = 0.167 or 0.17
c) P(a person is younger than 25 years old and spending more time at coffeehouses and donut shops
than last year) = 30/1135 = 0.026
d) P(a person is younger than 25 years or is spending more time at coffeehouses and donut shopts
than last year) = (190 + 114) /1135 = 0.268 – 30/1135 ≈ 0.24
54. Electronic communications.

a) 127/352 ≈ 0.36
b) 138/352 ≈ 0.39
c) 62/352 = 0.176 ≈ 0.18
d) 127/352 + 138/352 – 62/352 = 0.5767 ≈ 0.58
55. Red Cross Rh.

a) P(Rh- | Type O) = 4.33%/(36.44% + 4.33%) = 0.1062
b) P(O | Rh- ) = (4.33%)/(4.33% + 3.52% + 1.39% + 0.45%) = 0.4469
c) P(A- or O-) = 3.52% + 4.33% = 0.0785
56. Automobile inspection. P(faulty and paying no more than $100) = (0.20)(0.40) = 0.08
57. Pharmaceutical company.

a) P(High BP and High Cholesterol) = 0.11
b) P(High BP) = 0.11 + 0.16 = 0.27
P( HighCholesterol and High BP ) 0.11
P( HighCholesterol | High BP) = = = 0.407
P( High BP) 0.27


P( High BP and HighCholesterol ) 0.11
P( High BP | HighCholesterol ) = = = 0.344
P( HighCholesterol ) 0.32
58. International relocation.

a) P(shops at U.S. store) = 0.62
P( Shops and  20 years old ) 0.26
b) Conditional probability: P( Shops |  20 years old ) = = = 0.867
P( 20 years old ) 0.30
P( Shops and  40 years old ) 0.12
P( Shops |  40 years old ) = = = 0.333
P( 40 years old ) 0.36
d) P(< 20 years old or shops) = P(< 20 years old) + P(shops) – P(< 20 years old and shops) = 0.30 +
0.62 - 0.26 = 0.66
59. Pharmaceutical company, again.

No. 28.8% of men with OK blood pressure have high cholesterol, but 40.7% of men with high blood
pressure have high cholesterol.
60. International relocation, again.

No. 86.7% of those under 20 shop at the department store, but 33.3% of those over 40 shop there.
61. Coffeehouse survey, part 2.

a) P(person between 18-24 years old who is spending more time at coffeehouses) = 30/1135 = 0.026.
b) P(among the 18-24 year olds, not spending more time at coffeehouses) = (78+82)/190 = 0.84.
c) P(a person spending the same amount of time at coffeehouses is between 35 and 44 years old) =
106/522 = 0.20.
d) P(among those who spend more time at coffeehouses, age at least 65 years old) = 6/114 = 0.053.
e) P(a person at least 65 years old spends the same amount of time at coffeehouses) = 67/121 =
0.554.
f) P(more time | < 25 years) = 0.158. P(more time) = 0.10. Since not equal, they are not independent.
62. Electronic communications, part 2.

a) P(person earning less than $50K and responded "somewhat") = 26/352 = 0.07
b) P(among those earning $50-99K, those who responded "not at all") = 39/135 = 0.29
c) P(among the people responding "very much", those who earned at least $100K) = 41/128 = 0.32
d) P(50-99.9K | very much) = 0.45.
e) P(50-99.9K) = 0.38. Since not equal, they are not independent.
63. Real estate, part 2.

a) P(Garage and No Pool) = P(Garage) – P(Both) = 0.64 - 0.17 = 0.47
P(Garage and Pool ) 0.17
b) Conditional probability: P( Pool | Garage) = = = 0.266
P(Garage) 0.64
c) Check if P(Pool|Garage) = P(Pool). From part b) P(Pool|Garage) = 0.266 and from problem
statement P(Pool) = 0.21. Since P(Pool|Garage) ≠ P(Pool), they are not independent.
d) Having a garage and a pool are not mutually exclusive. P(Pool and Garage) = 0.17, not 0.

64. Polling.
a) P(U.S. adult and a landline) = P(Both cell and landline) + P(Landline only listed) + P(Landline
only unlisted) = 0.29 + 0.22 + 0.07 = 0.58
P( Landline and Cellphone) 0.29
b) P( Landline | Cellphone) = = = 0.4265
P(Cellphone) 0.39 + 0.29
c) No. P( Landline | Cellphone) ≠ P(landline)
d) No, it is possible to have both.
65. Property values.

a) 5/7 ≈ 0.714
b) P(<500K | 2 Br) = 0. P(<500K) = 0.71. Since not equal, they are not independent.
66. Property values, part 2.

P(450-600K | <3 Br) = 0.265. P(450-600K) = 0.24. Since not equal, they are not independent.
67. Used cars.

a) P(first caller Jeep Liberty owner) = 23/149 = 0.154 or 15.4%
b) P(first caller Jeep Liberty owner $18,000 – $18.999) = 17/149 = 0.114 or 11.4%
P( $19 K and Jeep Liberty ) 17
P(  $19 K | Jeep Liberty) = = = 0.739 = 73.9%
P( Jeep Liberty) 23
P( Jeep Liberty and  $19 K ) 17
P( Jeep Liberty | $19 K ) = = = 0.185 = 18.5%
P( $19 K ) 92
68. CEO relocation.

a) P(selected house is Cape Cod) = (9/42) = 0.214 or 21.4%
b) P(selected house is Colonial with fireplace) = (14/42) = 0.333 or 33.3%
P( Fireplace and CapeCod ) 2
P( Fireplace | CapeCod ) = = = 0.222 = 22.2%
P(CapeCod ) 9
d) P(selected house is Cape Cod with fireplace) = 2/42 = 0.0476 or 4.76%
69. Computer reliability.
b) (0.56)(0.15) + (0.44)(0.05) = 0.106 = 10.6%

c) (0.56)(0.15)/0.106= 0.792

Ethics in Action
Fabrizio’s Ethical Dilemma: Fabrizio wants to expand his wine business but needs investors. He is interested in
hiring Paula who will connect him with investors that are willing and able to invest in startup companies such as
Fabrizio’s wine business. He is concerned about giving up power to the investors. Paula tried to comfort him by
showing the table of info on board members and whether or not they have veto power. Her interpretation of the table
data is to minimize the 50% veto power and to multiply the 50% probability of being a board member times the 50%
veto power. These are not the same variables and the manipulation of these probabilities is misleading. The result
could be that Fabrizio will make a decision based on faulty statistics.
Ethical Solution: Fabrizio should consult an objective analyst not associated with this investor group who can study
the data and present the correct interpretations.
For further information on the official American Statistical Association’s Ethical Guidelines, visit:
http://www.amstat.org/about/ethicalguidelines.cfm
The Ethical Guidelines address important ethical considerations regarding professionalism and responsibilities.
Brief Case – Global Markets

Report:
This report is representative of the types of tables that need to be generated to analyze the differences in personal
finance between countries, sex, and other variables. The responses are to questions of interest to marketers on
personal finance and purchasing.
The marriage characteristics by country show that being married has the highest percentage in China and India and
lowest in France. The divorce rate is highest in the United States.
As for education, United States, France and India have the highest college graduates for women where men have the
highest graduation rates in India.
There are more blue collar workers in China and in the United States.
The report can focus further on the United States with comparisons to the other countries.
Tabulated statistics: Education, Marital Status, Country
Results for Country = China

Rows: Education Columns: Marital Status
Living Refused/No Separated,
together Married answer divorced Single Widowed
College 2 83 0 1 76 1
1.227 50.920 0.000 0.613 46.626 0.613
Post-graduate 0 2 0 0 2 0
0.000 50.000 0.000 0.000 50.000 0.000
Primary or less 0 210 1 1 44 9

0.000 79.245 0.377 0.377 16.604 3.396
Some high school 0 247 0 2 118 1

0.000 67.120 0.000 0.543 32.065 0.272
All 2 542 1 4 240 11

0.250 67.750 0.125 0.500 30.000 1.375

Results for Country = France

College 42 82 0 19 79 3
18.67 36.44 0.00 8.44 35.11 1.33
30.00 40.00 0.00 3.33 26.67 0.00
9.42 39.13 0.00 14.49 26.81 10.14

20.15 37.59 0.00 7.13 31.94 3.19
All 146 301 0 69 254 30

18.25 37.63 0.00 8.63 31.75 3.75
Results for Country = India

College 9 169 0 0 95 7
3.21 60.36 0.00 0.00 33.93 2.50
0.00 85.56 0.00 0.00 14.44 0.00
1.79 68.75 0.00 0.00 22.32 7.14

3.77 60.38 0.31 0.00 33.65 1.89
All 23 515 1 0 240 21

2.88 64.38 0.13 0.00 30.00 2.63
Results for Country = U.K.

College 16 48 0 11 43 4
13.11 39.34 0.00 9.02 35.25 3.28
6.67 50.00 0.00 13.33 26.67 3.33
0.00 38.46 0.00 23.08 23.08 15.38

15.12 40.47 0.16 10.71 30.71 2.83
All 114 325 1 86 249 25

14.25 40.63 0.13 10.75 31.13 3.13

Results for Country = USA

College 13 135 0 32 78 3
4.98 51.72 0.00 12.26 29.89 1.15
0.00 60.42 2.08 6.25 22.92 8.33
3.70 29.63 0.00 11.11 48.15 7.41

5.39 40.30 0.00 9.70 38.79 5.82
All 39 359 1 83 282 36

4.88 44.88 0.13 10.38 35.25 4.50
Tabulated statistics: Marital Status, Country

Rows: Marital Status Columns: Country
China France India U.K. USA All
Living together 2 146 23 114 39 324

0.62 45.06 7.10 35.19 12.04 100.00
0.25 18.25 2.88 14.25 4.88 8.10
Married 542 301 515 325 359 2042

26.54 14.74 25.22 15.92 17.58 100.00
67.75 37.63 64.38 40.63 44.88 51.05
Refused/No answer 1 0 1 1 1 4
25.00 0.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 100.00
0.13 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.10
Separated, divorced 4 69 0 86 83 242

1.65 28.51 0.00 35.54 34.30 100.00
0.50 8.63 0.00 10.75 10.38 6.05
Single 240 254 240 249 282 1265

18.97 20.08 18.97 19.68 22.29 100.00
30.00 31.75 30.00 31.13 35.25 31.63
Widowed 11 30 21 25 36 123
8.94 24.39 17.07 20.33 29.27 100.00
1.38 3.75 2.63 3.13 4.50 3.08
All 800 800 800 800 800 4000

20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Cell Contents: Count

% of Row
% of Column

Tabulated statistics: Education, Country, Sex
Results for Sex = Female
Rows: Education Columns: Country
College 65 125 141 59 142 532

12.22 23.50 26.50 11.09 26.69 100.00
16.25 30.79 34.39 14.82 35.15 26.36
2.30 12.64 35.63 18.39 31.03 100.00
0.50 2.71 7.56 4.02 6.68 4.31
Primary or less 149 69 69 5 11 303

49.17 22.77 22.77 1.65 3.63 100.00
37.25 17.00 16.83 1.26 2.72 15.01
Some high school 184 201 169 318 224 1096

16.79 18.34 15.42 29.01 20.44 100.00
46.00 49.51 41.22 79.90 55.45 54.31
All 400 406 410 398 404 2018

19.82 20.12 20.32 19.72 20.02 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column
Results for Sex = Male

Rows: Education Columns: Country
College 98 100 139 63 119 519

18.88 19.27 26.78 12.14 22.93 100.00
24.50 25.38 35.64 15.67 30.05 26.19
Post-graduate 2 19 59 14 21 115
1.74 16.52 51.30 12.17 18.26 100.00
0.50 4.82 15.13 3.48 5.30 5.80
Primary or less 116 69 43 8 16 252

46.03 27.38 17.06 3.17 6.35 100.00
29.00 17.51 11.03 1.99 4.04 12.71
Some high school 184 206 149 317 240 1096

16.79 18.80 13.59 28.92 21.90 100.00
46.00 52.28 38.21 78.86 60.61 55.30
All 400 394 390 402 396 1982

20.18 19.88 19.68 20.28 19.98 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Tabulated statistics: Need help making financial deci, Age Class, Country
Rows: Need help making financial deci Columns: Age Class
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 45 53 45 49 24 20 236

Agree Strongly 13 15 14 9 8 4 63
Disagree Slightly 23 38 41 37 18 28 185
Disagree Strongly 10 9 11 17 7 9 63
Neither Agree nor Disagree 45 53 52 54 21 28 253
All 136 168 163 166 78 89 800
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 23 34 33 41 21 17 169

Agree Strongly 11 12 10 12 4 5 54
All 92 169 179 178 97 85 800
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 57 57 58 49 22 22 265

Agree Strongly 53 36 46 42 26 26 229
All 155 150 167 161 88 79 800
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 34 37 45 41 20 15 192

All 90 180 186 159 98 87 800

13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 23 62 55 51 29 26 246

All 108 173 166 173 95 85 800
Rows: Income (Globa) Columns: Sex
Female Male All
High 57 88 145
39.31 60.69 100.00
14.04 22.34 18.13
Low 100 93 193

51.81 48.19 100.00
24.63 23.60 24.13
Medium high 158 134 292

54.11 45.89 100.00
38.92 34.01 36.50
Medium low 91 79 170

53.53 46.47 100.00
22.41 20.05 21.25
All 406 394 800

50.75 49.25 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Female Male All
High 130 139 269

48.33 51.67 100.00
31.71 35.64 33.63
Low 0 2 2
0.00 100.00 100.00
0.00 0.51 0.25

50.37 49.63 100.00
32.93 34.10 33.50

55.56 44.44 100.00
35.37 29.74 32.63
All 410 390 800

51.25 48.75 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column
Female Male All
High 69 88 157
43.95 56.05 100.00
17.34 21.89 19.63
Low 152 124 276

55.07 44.93 100.00
38.19 30.85 34.50

51.22 48.78 100.00
21.11 19.90 20.50

45.81 54.19 100.00
23.37 27.36 25.38
All 398 402 800

49.75 50.25 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Female Male All
High 48 51 99
48.48 51.52 100.00
11.88 12.88 12.38
Low 76 66 142
53.52 46.48 100.00
18.81 16.67 17.75

49.58 50.42 100.00
43.32 44.95 44.13

50.97 49.03 100.00
25.99 25.51 25.75
All 404 396 800

50.50 49.50 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column
Tabulated statistics: Education, Marital Status, Country

College 2 83 0 1 76 1
1.227 50.920 0.000 0.613 46.626 0.613
0.000 50.000 0.000 0.000 50.000 0.000

0.000 79.245 0.377 0.377 16.604 3.396

0.000 67.120 0.000 0.543 32.065 0.272
All 2 542 1 4 240 11

0.250 67.750 0.125 0.500 30.000 1.375

All
College 163
100.000
Post-graduate 4
100.000
Primary or less 265

100.000
Some high school 368

100.000
All 800
100.000

% of Row

College 42 82 0 19 79 3
18.67 36.44 0.00 8.44 35.11 1.33
30.00 40.00 0.00 3.33 26.67 0.00
9.42 39.13 0.00 14.49 26.81 10.14

20.15 37.59 0.00 7.13 31.94 3.19
All 146 301 0 69 254 30

18.25 37.63 0.00 8.63 31.75 3.75
All
College 225
100.00
Post-graduate 30
100.00
Primary or less 138

100.00

100.00
All 800
100.00

% of Row


College 9 169 0 0 95 7
3.21 60.36 0.00 0.00 33.93 2.50
0.00 85.56 0.00 0.00 14.44 0.00
1.79 68.75 0.00 0.00 22.32 7.14

3.77 60.38 0.31 0.00 33.65 1.89
All 23 515 1 0 240 21

2.88 64.38 0.13 0.00 30.00 2.63
All
College 280
100.00
Post-graduate 90
100.00
Primary or less 112

100.00

100.00
All 800
100.00

% of Row


College 16 48 0 11 43 4
13.11 39.34 0.00 9.02 35.25 3.28
6.67 50.00 0.00 13.33 26.67 3.33
0.00 38.46 0.00 23.08 23.08 15.38

15.12 40.47 0.16 10.71 30.71 2.83
All 114 325 1 86 249 25

14.25 40.63 0.13 10.75 31.13 3.13
All
College 122
100.00
Post-graduate 30
100.00
Primary or less 13
100.00

100.00
All 800
100.00

% of Row


College 13 135 0 32 78 3
4.98 51.72 0.00 12.26 29.89 1.15
0.00 60.42 2.08 6.25 22.92 8.33
3.70 29.63 0.00 11.11 48.15 7.41

5.39 40.30 0.00 9.70 38.79 5.82
All 39 359 1 83 282 36

4.88 44.88 0.13 10.38 35.25 4.50
All
College 261
100.00
Post-graduate 48
100.00
Primary or less 27
100.00

100.00
All 800
100.00

% of Row

Tabulated statistics: Need help making financial deci, Age Class, Country
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 45 53 45 49 24 20 236

All 136 168 163 166 78 89 800
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 23 34 33 41 21 17 169

Agree Strongly 11 12 10 12 4 5 54
All 92 169 179 178 97 85 800
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 57 57 58 49 22 22 265

Agree Strongly 53 36 46 42 26 26 229
All 155 150 167 161 88 79 800
13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 34 37 45 41 20 15 192

All 90 180 186 159 98 87 800

13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ All
Agree Slightly 23 62 55 51 29 26 246

All 108 173 166 173 95 85 800
Tabulated statistics: Income (Globa), Sex, Country
Female Male All
High 57 88 145
Low 100 93 193
All 406 394 800
Female Male All
High 130 139 269

Low 0 2 2
All 410 390 800
Female Male All
High 69 88 157
Low 152 124 276
All 398 402 800

Female Male All
High 48 51 99
Low 76 66 142
All 404 396 800
Tabulated statistics: Income (Globa), Sex, Country
Female Male All
High 188 187 375

50.13 49.87 100.00
47.00 46.75 46.88
Low 49 44 93
52.69 47.31 100.00
12.25 11.00 11.63

49.06 50.94 100.00
19.50 20.25 19.88

49.13 50.87 100.00
21.25 22.00 21.63
All 400 400 800

50.00 50.00 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Female Male All
High 57 88 145
39.31 60.69 100.00
14.04 22.34 18.13
Low 100 93 193

51.81 48.19 100.00
24.63 23.60 24.13

54.11 45.89 100.00
38.92 34.01 36.50

53.53 46.47 100.00
22.41 20.05 21.25
All 406 394 800

50.75 49.25 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column
Female Male All
High 130 139 269

48.33 51.67 100.00
31.71 35.64 33.63
Low 0 2 2
0.00 100.00 100.00
0.00 0.51 0.25

50.37 49.63 100.00
32.93 34.10 33.50

55.56 44.44 100.00
35.37 29.74 32.63
All 410 390 800

51.25 48.75 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column


Female Male All
High 69 88 157
43.95 56.05 100.00
17.34 21.89 19.63
Low 152 124 276

55.07 44.93 100.00
38.19 30.85 34.50

51.22 48.78 100.00
21.11 19.90 20.50

45.81 54.19 100.00
23.37 27.36 25.38
All 398 402 800

49.75 50.25 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Female Male All
High 48 51 99
48.48 51.52 100.00
11.88 12.88 12.38
Low 76 66 142
53.52 46.48 100.00
18.81 16.67 17.75

49.58 50.42 100.00
43.32 44.95 44.13

50.97 49.03 100.00
25.99 25.51 25.75
All 404 396 800

50.50 49.50 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Tabulated statistics: Occupation Class, Education, Country
Rows: Occupation Class Columns: Education
Primary Some high

College Post-graduate or less school All
Blue Collar 10 0 70 115 195

5.13 0.00 35.90 58.97 100.00
9.35 0.00 66.04 47.33 42.58
Executives/Professionals 31 1 22 36 90
34.44 1.11 24.44 40.00 100.00
28.97 50.00 20.75 14.81 19.65
White Collar 66 1 14 92 173

38.15 0.58 8.09 53.18 100.00
61.68 50.00 13.21 37.86 37.77
Missing 56 2 159 125 *

* * * * *
* * * * *
All 107 2 106 243 458

23.36 0.44 23.14 53.06 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Primary Some high
Blue Collar 4 0 18 73 95
4.21 0.00 18.95 76.84 100.00
2.53 0.00 33.33 27.55 18.92
37.78 16.67 7.78 37.78 100.00
21.52 60.00 12.96 12.83 17.93
White Collar 120 10 29 158 317

37.85 3.15 9.15 49.84 100.00
75.95 40.00 53.70 59.62 63.15
Missing 67 5 84 142 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
All 158 25 54 265 502

31.47 4.98 10.76 52.79 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
% of Row
% of Column


Primary Some high
Blue Collar 22 6 10 39 77
28.57 7.79 12.99 50.65 100.00
19.82 9.68 28.57 33.33 23.69
35.67 25.48 10.19 28.66 100.00
50.45 64.52 45.71 38.46 48.31
36.26 17.58 9.89 36.26 100.00
29.73 25.81 25.71 28.21 28.00
Missing 169 28 77 201 *

* * * * *
* * * * *
All 111 62 35 117 325

34.15 19.08 10.77 36.00 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column
Primary Some high

Blue Collar 23 2 2 191 218

10.55 0.92 0.92 87.61 100.00
24.21 8.70 100.00 55.20 46.78
40.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 100.00
37.89 78.26 0.00 10.40 19.31

22.78 1.90 0.00 75.32 100.00
37.89 13.04 0.00 34.39 33.91
Missing 27 7 11 289 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
All 95 23 2 346 466

20.39 4.94 0.43 74.25 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

Primary Some high

Blue Collar 59 4 11 191 265

22.26 1.51 4.15 72.08 100.00
29.65 10.53 91.67 72.08 51.56
57.01 27.10 0.93 14.95 100.00
30.65 76.32 8.33 6.04 20.82

55.63 3.52 0.00 40.85 100.00
39.70 13.16 0.00 21.89 27.63
Missing 62 10 15 199 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
All 199 38 12 265 514

38.72 7.39 2.33 51.56 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column
Tabulated statistics: Occupation Class, Country
Rows: Occupation Class Columns: Country
Blue Collar 195 95 77 218 265 850

22.94 11.18 9.06 25.65 31.18 100.00
42.58 18.92 23.69 46.78 51.56 37.53
Executives/Professionals 90 90 157 90 107 534

16.85 16.85 29.40 16.85 20.04 100.00
19.65 17.93 48.31 19.31 20.82 23.58
White Collar 173 317 91 158 142 881

19.64 35.98 10.33 17.93 16.12 100.00
37.77 63.15 28.00 33.91 27.63 38.90
Missing 342 298 475 334 286 *

* * * * * *
* * * * * *
All 458 502 325 466 514 2265

20.22 22.16 14.35 20.57 22.69 100.00
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

% of Row
% of Column

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Business Statistics A First Course 3rd

Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-business-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-

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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

𝑃(U. S. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Logs on Every Day) 0.20

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b) 0.012 + 0.015 + 0.01 = 0.037 = 3.7%

b) 0.015 + 0.017 + 0.013 = 0.045 = 4.5%

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17. What does it mean? part 1.

18. What does it mean? part 2.

19. Airline safety.

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20. Economic predictions.

21. Fire insurance.

22. Casino gambling.

23. Toy company.

24. Store discounts.

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31. Auto warranty, again.

32. Final consulting team project.

35. Mars product information.

36. American Red Cross.

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37. More Mars product information.

38. American Red Cross, part 2.

39. Tax accountant.

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43. Casinos, part 2.

45. U.S. economic conditions 2013.

46. More economic conditions 2013.

47. Owning guns.

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49. Contract bidding.

b) P(you will get both contracts) = 0.16

b) 0.45 + 0.225 = 0.675 or 67.5%

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52. Titanic survival.

c) Using Bayes’s theorem, P(First | S) = P(First and S)/P(S) = 0.0925/(711/2201) = 0.286

53. Coffeehouse survey.

54. Electronic communications.

55. Red Cross Rh.

57. Pharmaceutical company.

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58. International relocation.

59. Pharmaceutical company, again.

60. International relocation, again.

61. Coffeehouse survey, part 2.

62. Electronic communications, part 2.

63. Real estate, part 2.

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65. Property values.

66. Property values, part 2.

67. Used cars.

68. CEO relocation.

69. Computer reliability.

b) (0.56)(0.15) + (0.44)(0.05) = 0.106 = 10.6%

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Brief Case – Global Markets

Tabulated statistics: Education, Marital Status, Country

Results for Country = China