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DBwjqvg †Mvìm¨vK (1861-1950), Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig (1875-1947), gynv¤§`
Avãyj nvKxg (1887-1957), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvKivg Lvu (1868-1968), bKxe
DwÏb Lvu (R. 1301 e.), dRjyi inxg †PŠayix (1896-1929) I W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn
(1885-1960) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu cweÎ KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½
e½vbyev` I fvl¨ wj‡Lb| Zvui Ab~w`Z G KziAvb I fvl¨wU cÖKvwkZ nq G kZvãxi
†klv‡a©| Zvi G ZdmxiwU ZrKvjxb IjvgvM‡Yi wbKU h‡_ó mgv‡jvwPZ n‡qwQj|
GQvovI Dbwesk kZ‡K kvn Kgi¾vgvb , †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni, Luvb evnv`yi Avãyi ingvb
Lvu I kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib |
Z‡e D‡jøwLZ Zvdmxi MÖš’¸‡jvi †KvbwUB we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e iwPZ nq wb| hvi Kvi‡Y
G fvlvfvlx gvby‡li wbR¯^ fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi cV‡bi AvKv•Lv Ac~Y©B
†_‡K hvq| Avi G k~Y¨ZvwU Dcjwä K‡i gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (1932-
2007) 1980 L„. evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK, cÖvgvY¨ I we¯ÍvwiZ GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbvi
wm×všÍ
MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1981 L„. †_‡K wZwb Zvdmxi iPbv ïiæ K‡ib| 1981 L„. †m‡Þ¤î
†_‡K ÔgvwmK Avj evjvMÕ cwÎKvq Zv Qvcv n‡Z _v‡K Ges 1984 L„. ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj
†KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i 1g LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g my`xN©
17 eQi cwikªg K‡i wZwb 1998 L„. 30 LÐ wewkó 11,102 c„ôvi wekvj G Zvdmxi
MÖš’wU iPbv mgvß K‡ib|
GQvovI evsjv fvlvfvlx AvwjgMY c„w_exi wewfbœ fvlvq iwPZ weL¨vZ Zvdmxi
MÖš’ mg~‡ni evsjv Abyev` K‡i G fvlvq gvby‡li cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ávb Avni‡Yi Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bvi Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi iwPZ G wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© Òevsjv
fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©v t we‡klZ Zdmx‡i byiæj †KviAvbÓ G GZ`msµvšÍ hveZxq wel‡qi
Dci Z_¨wfwËK we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vc‡bi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`f©wUi Aeqe
I fve †mŠ›`h© web¨vm h_vh_fv‡e dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ Av‡jvPbvi †gŠwjK welqe¯‘
mg~n‡K cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g Aa¨vq t BjgyZ Zvdmxi : cwiwPwZ, cÖK…wZ I êwkó¨-Avj KziAvb
cwiwPwZ, KziAvb Gi kvwãK we‡kølY, KziAvb Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq, Zvdmxiæj
KziAvb cwiwPwZ, Zvdmxi Gi kvwãK we‡kølY, Zvdmxi Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq,
ZvÕex‡ji cwiPq, ZvÕexj Gi kvwãK we‡kølY, ZvÕexj Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq, Zvdmxi
I ZvÕex‡ji cv_©K¨, Zvdmx‡ii cÖKvi‡f`, eY©bv wfwËK Zvdmxi, eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi,
ivm~j (mv.) Gi hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi, KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi, nv`xm Øviv
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi, mvnvev hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi, ZvweC hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi, ZvweC
cieZ©x hy‡M Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i MwZaviv, gymvdwm‡ii ¸Yvejx|
wØZxq Aa¨vq t evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©v: D™¢e I µgweKvk- fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©vi ¯îƒc, evsjv mvwn‡Zï ga¨hyM I AvaywbK hy‡M
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©v, evsjv fvlvq cwiÎ KziAv‡bi AvswkK Zvdmxi PP©v-
AvKei Avjx, bCg DÏxb, Ave`yj QvËvi m~dx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` iæûj Avwgb, ˆmq`
†gvnv¤§` GQnvK, W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v, Gqvi Avn‡g` Gj,wU, gvIjvbv Avey eKi,
†gvjøv w``vi eLk, gvIjvbv Avng` Avjx, gynv¤§` Ave`yj Avhxh wn›`x, gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
†Mvjvg AvKei, gynv¤§` Avey eKi, gvIjvbv Avwbmyi ingvb gywk©`vev`x, gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
ˆZgyi, gxRvbyi ingvb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` byiæj Bmjvg, gynv¤§` kvgm~j û`v, gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` Iqvdx, W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, gvIjvbv gbxi DÏxb Avng`, Aa¨vcK Aveyj
dRj, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` jyrdzjøvn, gvIjvbv Ave`yi ingvb, ˆmq` Avey mvB` nvq`vi,
gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb, AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRnvix, †gvnv¤§` †nvmvBb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
Ave`yi inxg, gvIjvbv Av.b.g iæûj Avwgb †PŠayix I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvgybœex.
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj gvRx`, gvIjvbv gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi, gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
nv`xmyi ingvb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb, †gŠjfx †gvnv¤§` wgRvbyi ingvb,
gynv¤§` dvhjyj Kvixg AvbIqvix, Aveyj nvwkg, byiæj Bmjvg, mì DÏxb Avng`
wPkZx, gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg, †gvt kvgm~j nK †`ŠjZcyix, UxKv wfwËK Zvdmxi PPv©-
wMwik P›`ª †mb, kªx wdwjc wek¦vm, †gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjx, †ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg
†Mvìm¨vK, kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn, †Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig, gynv¤§` bKxe
DÏxb Lvu, dRjyi ingvb †PŠayix, †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx, gvIjvbv Ave`yj
Iqv‡mK, Avjx nvq`vi †PŠayix, gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb kvgx, G.‡K.Gg dRjyi ingvb gyÝx,
W. Imgvb MwY, gvRnvi DÏxb Avng`| c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi PP©v-†gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu, kvn
Kgi¾vgvb, †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni, Lvub evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Lvu, gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK
dwi`cyix, †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvwKg I †gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb|
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq t evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv- Zvdmx‡i
m~iv BDmyd, Kvbhyj Bidvb I †gvLZviæZ Zvdmxi, Zvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idyj KziAvb,
Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi, Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd, dx whjvwjj KziAvb, Zvdmxi-B-
Zvevix kixd, Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b AveŸvm, Zvdmx‡i Dmgvbx, Zvdmx‡i
Kvexi, Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBb, D¤gyj KziAvb, AvnKvgyj KziAvb,
eqvbyj KziAvb|
PZz_© Aa¨vq t gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg : Rxeb I Kg©- f~wgKv, Rb¥ I esk
cwiPq, wcZvi w`K †_‡K, gvZvi w`K †_‡K, gvIjvbvi wcZv-gvZvi êwkó¨, wkÿv
Rxeb, Kg© Rxeb, IqvR-gvnwdj, we‡`k mdi, n¾ I Igivi whqviZ, Bgvg I LZxe
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb, ‡iwWI-†Uwjwfk‡b e³„Zv cÖ`vb, MÖš’vejx iPbv, wkÿKZv, cwÎKvi
m¤úv`bv, cyi¯‹vi I ¯^xK…wZ jvf, wewfbœ ms¯’vi mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv, Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb,
cvwievwiK Rxeb, BwšÍKvj|
cÂg Aa¨vq t Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb : cÖK…wZ, êwkó¨ I iPbv‰kjx- f~wgKv,
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi bvg Ki‡Yi Zvrch©, ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi MVb
KvVv‡gv I iPbv‰kjx, ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi LÐ wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv, ÔZdmx‡i
b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi êwkó¨| AZci Dcmsnvi I ÔMÖš’cwÄÕ wk‡ivbv‡g G Awfm›`‡f© †h
mKj MÖš’ †_‡K Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q †m ¸‡jvi ZvwjKv cÖ`vb K‡i Awfm›`f© mgvß
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
m~Px cÎ
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
BjgyZ Zvdmxi : cwiwPwZ, cÖK…wZ I êwkó¨ 17-101
Avj KziAvb cwiwPwZ 17
KziAvb Gi kvwãK we‡kølY 18
KziAvb Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq 20
Zvdmxiæj KziAvb cwiwPwZ 24
Zvdmxi Gi kvwãK we‡kølY 24
Zvdmxi Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq 25
ZvÕex‡ji cwiPq 29
ZvÕexj Gi kvwãK we‡kølY 29
ZvÕexj Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq 30
Zvdmxi I ZvÕex‡ji cv_©K¨ 32
Zvdmx‡ii cÖKvi‡f` 37
eY©bv wfwËK Zvdmxi 37
eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi 42
Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i DrcwË 53
ivm~j (mv.) Gi hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi 57
KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi 58
nv`xm Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi 65
mvnvev hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi 69
ZvweC hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi 84
ZvweC cieZ©x hy‡M Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i MwZaviv 94
gydvmwm‡ii ¸Yvejx 99
wØZxq Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©v: D™¢e I µgweKvk 102-
202
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©vi ¯îƒc 102
evsjv mvwn‡Zï ga¨hyM I AvaywbK hy‡M cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©v 106
evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvswkK Zvdmxi PP©v- 107
AvKei Avjx 107
bCg DÏxb 109
Ave`yj QvËvi m~dx 112
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` iƒûj Avwgb 114
ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK 116
W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v 118
Gqvi Avng` Gj,wU 121
gvIjvbv Avey eKi 122
†gvjøv w``vi eLk 122
gvIjvbv Avng` Avjx 122
gynv¤§` Ave`yj Avhxh wn›`x 123
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` †Mvjvg AvKei 123
gynv¤§` Avey eKi 124
gvIjvbv Avwbmyi ingvb gywk©`vev`x 125
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` ˆZgyi 126
gxRvbyi ingvb 127
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` byiæj Bmjvg 127
gynv¤§` kvgmyj û`v 128
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Iqvdx 128
W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn 129

gvIjvbv gbxi DÏxb Avng` 131
Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj 131
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` jyrdzjøvn 132
gvIjvbv Ave`yi ingvb 132
ˆmq` Avey mvB` nvq`vi 133
gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb 133
AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRnvix 134
†gvnv¤§` †nvmvBb 134
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg 135
gvIjvbv Av.b.g iƒûj Avwgb †PŠayix I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvgybœex 137
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj AvRxR 138
gvIjvbv gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi 139
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb 141
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb 145
†gŠjfx †gvnv¤§` wgRvbyi ingvb 146
gynv¤§` dvhjyj Kvixg AvbIqvix 146
Aveyj nvwkg 148
byiæj Bmjvg 149
mì DÏxb Avng` wPkZx 151
gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg 151
†gvt kvgmyj nK †`ŠjZcyix 153
evsjv fvlvq UxKv wfwËK Zvdmxi PPv©- 155-
185
wMwik P›`ª †mb 155
kªx wdwjc wek¦vm 159
†gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjx 160

†ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wvm¨vK 163
kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn 167
†Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig 170
gynv¤§` bKxe DÏxb Lvu 174
dRjyi ingvb †PŠayix 175
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx 176
gvIjvbv Ave`yj Iqv‡mK 177
Avjx nvq`vi †PŠayix 178
gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb kvgx 178
G,‡K, Gg, dRjyi ingvb gyÝx 178
W. Imgvb Mbx 181
gvRnvi DÏxb Avng` 184
evsjv fvlvq c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi PP©v 186-
202
†gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu 186
kvn Kgi¾vgvb 190
†gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni 193
Lvub evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Lvu 196
gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK (dwi`cyix) 197
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvKxg I †gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb 199
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv 203-
229
Zvdmx‡i m~iv BDmyd 203
Kvbhyj Bidvb I †gvLZviæZ Zvdmxi 204
Zvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idyj KziAvb 205
Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi 209
Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd 213

dx whjvwjj KziAvb 215
Zvdmxi-B-Zvevix kixd 217
Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix 219
Zvdmx‡i Be‡b AveŸvm 221
Zvdmx‡i Dmgvbx 222
Zvdmx‡i Kvexi 222
Zvdnxgyj KziAvb 223
Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBb 227
D¤gyj KziAvb 227
AvnKvgyj KziAvb 227
eqvbyj KziAvb 228
PZz_© Aa¨vq
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg : Rxeb I Kg© 230-
259
f~wgKv 230
Rb¥ I esk cwiPq 231
wcZvi w`K †_‡K 231
gvZvi w`K †_‡K 232
gvIjvbvi wcZv-gvZvi êwkó¨ 233
wkÿv Rxeb 233
Kg© Rxeb 235
IqvR-gvnwdj 236
we‡`k mdi 239
n¾ I Igivi whqviZ 245
Bgvg I LZxe wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb 251
‡iwWI-†Uwjwfk‡b e³„Zv cÖ`vb 252

MÖš’vejx iPbv 253
wkÿKZv 255
cwÎKvi m¤úv`bv 256
cyi¯‹vi I ¯^xK…Z jvf 257
wewfbœ ms¯’vi mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv 257
Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb 258
cvwievwiK Rxeb 258
BwšÍKvj 259
cÂg Aa¨vq
Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb : cÖK…wZ, êwkó¨ I iPbv‰kjx 260-371
f~wgKv 260
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi bvgKi‡Yi Zvrch© 261
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi MVb KvVv‡gv I iPbv‰kjx 263
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi LÐ wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv 268
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi êwkó¨ 351
Dcmsnvi 358
MÖš’cwÄ 360
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
BjgyZ Zvdmxi : cwiwPwZ, cÖK…wZ I êwkó¨
Avj KziAvb cwiwPwZ
gnvMÖš’ Avj KziAvb gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ c_ wb‡`©kK, mZ¨-wg_¨vi cv_©K¨Kvix,
Zzjbvnxb, AweK…Z I wPišÍb A‡jŠwKK MÖš’| hv 610 L„. †_‡K 632 L„. ch©šÍ my`xN©
†ZBk eQi hveZ wReivCj (Av.) Gi gva¨‡g nhiZ gynv¤§v` (mv.) Gi Dci bvwhj
n‡qwQj| wek¦gvbeZvi wn`vqvZ Z_v mwVK c_ cÖ`k©bB G MÖš’ bvwh‡ji GKgvÎ jÿ¨|
G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ﺷﮭﺮ رﻣﻀﺎن اﻟﺬى اﻧﺰل ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﺮان ھﺪى ﻟﻠﻨﺎس و ﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﺪى و اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬
Ôighvb gvmB nj †m gvm, hv‡Z bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡KviAvb hv gvby‡li Rb¨ †n`vqvZ
Ges mZ¨ c_hvÎx‡ì Rb¨ my¯úó c_wb‡`©k Avi b¨vq I Ab¨v‡qi gv‡S cv_©K¨
weavbKvix|Õ 1
gvbe Rxe‡b cªK…Z mdjZv jv‡fi mwVK cš’vi eY©bv, mgvR I ivóªxq Rxe‡b
k„sLjv weav‡bi ixwZ Ges gvbweK I ˆbwZK ¸Yvejxi weKvkmn gvby‡li Rxe‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj w`K I wefv‡Mi cysLvbycysL D‡jøL I Zvi mwVK mgvavb i‡q‡Q G
gnvMÖ‡š’| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb-
‫وﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ و ھﺪى ورﺣﻤﺔ وﺑﺸﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬
ÔAvwg Avcbvi cÖwZ MÖš’ bvwhj K‡iwQ †hwU Ggb †h, Zv cÖ‡Z¨K e¯‘i my¯úó eY©bv,
†n`vqvZ ingZ Ges gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ mymsev`|Õ2
Bnv GgbB GK A‡jŠwKK wKZve hvi Avðh© kã fvÐvi, Mv¤¢xh©c~Y© Dc¯’vcbv I we¯§qKi
eY©bv‰kjx we‡k¦i mKj Kwe mvwnwZ¨K‡K nZevK K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Gi GKwU Avqv‡Zi
Abyiƒc AvqvZ iPbv Kiv Kv‡iv c‡ÿ m¤¢e nqwb; eis wKqvgZ ch©šÍ m¤¢e n‡e bv|
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ﻗﻞ ﻟﺌﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ اﻻﻧﺲ واﻟﺠﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ان ﯾﺎﺗﻮا ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻻ ﯾﺎﺗﻮن ﺑﻤﺜﻠﮫ وﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻇﮭﯿﺮا‬
1. Avj KziAvb, 2 : 185 ( Av‡jvP¨ Awfm›`‡f© D‡jøwLZ AvqvZ mg~‡ni Abyev` gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb Ab~w`Z
Zvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj KziAvb †_‡K D×„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|)
2. Avj KziAvb, 16 : 89
Ôejyb, hw` gvbe I wR¡b GB †KviAv‡bi Abyiƒc iPbv K‡i Avbq‡bi Rb¨ R‡ov nq Ges
Zviv ci¯ú‡ii mvnvh¨Kvix nq; ZeyI Zviv KLbI Gi Abyiƒc iPbv K‡i Avb‡Z
cvi‡ebv|Õ3
G gnvMÖ‡š’i cÖwZwU kã, evK¨ I e³e¨ GZUvB we¯§qKi †h Avi‡ei R‰bK weL¨vZ
Kwe ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb †h, ‫ ﻟﯿﺲ ھﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼم اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ÔGUv gvbe iwPZ Kvjvg bqÕ|
weL¨vZ Kwe Lvwj` web DKevn cweÎ KziAvb ï‡b e‡j D‡Vb-
‫واﷲ ان ﻟﮫ ﻟﺤﻼوة وان ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻟﻄﺮاوة وان اﺳﻔﻠﮫ ﻟﻤﻐﺪق و ان اﻋﻼه ﻟﻤﺜﻤﺮ و ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﻮل‬
‫ھﺬا ﺑﺸﺮ‬
ÔAvjøvni Kmg! wbðq G‡Z Av‡Q gvayh© I mwÄebx kw³, wbðq Gi Af¨šÍi
mš‘wó`vqK Ges ewnfv©M dj`vqK| Avi GwU gvby‡li iPbv bq|Õ4
hy‡M hy‡M A‡bK Kwe mvwnwZ¨K KziAv‡bi gZ Av‡iKwU wKZve iPbvi eû D‡`¨vM
MÖnY K‡iwQj| wKš‘ kZ †Póv K‡iI Zviv mdj n‡Z cv‡i wb| wek¦ weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K
Bebyj gyKvddv (g„.772 L„.) KziAv‡bi Abyiƒc GKwU MÖš’ iPbvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q `xN© Qq
gvm M‡elYv Pvwj‡q KziAv‡bi Abyiƒc GKwU jvBbI wjL‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zuvi G
AcviMZv‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i cvðvZ¨ cwÐZ Ijvób gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb -5
æThat Muhammad's boast as to the Literary excellence of the Quran was
not unfounded is further evidenced by a circumstance. which occurred about a
century after the estabelisment of Islam.”
‫( ﻗﺮآن‬KziAvb) Gi kvwãK we‡kølY

‫( ﻗﺮان‬KziAvb) kãwU Aviex ‫( ﻗﺮن‬Kvibyb) ev ‫( ﻗﺮء‬KviDb) kãg~j †_‡K
~ |6 ‫‡_† ﻗﺮن‬K Gi kvwãK A_© n‡e- ‫ ﻗﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲء‬A_©vr †Kvb GKwU
D™¢Z
welq‡K Ab¨ GKwU wel‡qi mv‡_ mshy³ Kiv | †h‡nZz cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv I AvqvZ
mg~n G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ mshy³, ZvB KziAvb‡K KziAvb ejv nq7|
3. Avj KziAvb, 17: 88
4. Aa¨vcK Av. Z. g. gym‡jn DÏxb, Aviex mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv:
1986, ( ms-2, LÐ-1) c„. 123
5. Mr. Wollaston. Muhammad his Life & doctrine. P. 143 (D×„Z: gydwZ gynv¤§`
DevB`yjøvn, KziAvb msKj‡bi BwZnvm, `viæj BdZv I M‡elYv cwil`, XvKv: 1986 L„. c„. 25)
6. Avãyj gv‡jK web Avwãj Kv‡ì, Kvg~myj gymZv‡jnvZ, wbR¯^ cÖKvkbv, Kzwgjøv: 1997 L„. c„. 174
7. gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxg Avj hviKvbx, gvbvwnjyj Bidvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v,
êiæZ: 1988 L„. 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 16
Avi ‫‡_† ﻗﺮء‬K Gi A_© n‡e ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ev GKwÎZ Kiv| †h‡nZz cweÎ KziAvb Bn‡jŠwKK
I ci‡jŠwKK mKj cÖKvi Áv‡bi Avavi, ZvB KziAvb‡K KziAvb e‡j bvgKiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q 8| Avevi ‫ ﻗﺮان‬kãwU ‫ ﻗﺮاءة‬kã †_‡KI D™¢Z ~ n‡Z cv‡i| hv ‫ﻣﻘﺮوء‬
(gvKiƒDb) Gi A‡_© eëüZ nq A_©vr cwVZ welq| nhiZ gynv¤§v` (mv.) Gi c~e©eZ©x
bexM‡Yi Dci wKZve bvwhj n‡qwQj wjwLZ fv‡e, wKš‘ Zvui Dci bvwhj n‡qwQj cwVZ
fv‡e| A_©vr nhiZ wReivCj (Av.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡q Zvu‡K cÖZ¨v‡`k
c‡o ïbv‡Zb|9 G cÖm‡½ Avjøvgv hviKvbx e‡jb-10 KziAvb gvRx` `ywbqvi mKj MÖ‡š’i
g‡a¨ me©vwaK cwVZ MÖš’ e‡jB Zv‡K KziAvb ejv nq|
‫ ﻗﺮان‬kãwUi cVb ixwZ wb‡q we‡klÁ AvwjgM‡Yi g‡a¨ gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv hvq|11
Bgvg kv‡dC, dviiv I Aveyj nvmvb cÖgyL ‫ ﻗﺮان‬kãwU‡K nvghv wenxb wZjvIqvZ
Ki‡Zb|12 Avjøvgv Avey BmnvK Beivnxg Bebym mvix Avj nv¾vh, Aveyj nvmvb Avjx
Bebyj nvh jyMvex Avj wjnqvbx Ges AvwjgM‡Yi GKwU e„nËi Ask ‫ ﻗﺮان‬kãwU‡K
nvghvmn wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Zb| Avjøvgv hyRv‡hi g‡Z ‫ ﻗﺮأن‬kãwU ‫ ﻓﻌﻼن‬k‡ãi mg
Ihb| Zvui `„wó‡Z GUv ‫( ﻗﺮأ‬KvivAv) †_‡K D™f~Z| Avjøvgv Avj- wjnqvbx ‫ﻗﺮأن‬
kã‡K nvghv hy³ Ges ‫( ﻗﺮأ‬KvivAv) wµqvi gvm`vi e‡j AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Zvui
g‡Z ‫ ﻗﺮآن‬kãwU ‫ ﻏﻔﺮان‬k‡ãi mg D”PviY fz³|13
8. cÖv¸³
9. cÖv¸³
10. cÖv¸³
11. G cÖm‡½ Avjøvgv myq~Zx e‡jb- ‫ ھﻮ اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺧﺎص‬:‫اﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ اﺧﺮج اﻟﺒﯿﮭﻘﻲ و اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺐ و‬-‫ﺑﻜﻼم اﷲ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﮭﻤﻮز و ﺑﮫ ﻗﺮأ اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ و ھﻮ ﻣﺮوي ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﺳﻢ و ﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﻤﮭﻤﻮز وﻟﻢ ﯾﻮﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ‬: ‫ﻏﯿﺮھﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﮫ اﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﯾﮭﻤﺰ ﻗﺮاءة و ﻻ ﯾﮭﻤﺰ اﻟﻘﺮآن و ﯾﻘﻮل‬
‫ ھﻮ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻧﺖ‬: ‫ﻗﺮاءة و ﻟﻜﻨﮫ اﺳﻢ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮرات و اﻻﻧﺠﯿﻞ وﻗﺎل ﻗﻮم ﻣﻨﮭﻢ اﻻﺷﻌﺮي‬
‫ و ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻘﺮآن واﻟﺴﻮر واﻵﯾﺎت و اﻟﺤﺮوف ﻓﯿﮫ و ﻗﺎل‬-‫ اذا ﺿﻤﻤﺖ اﺣﺪھﻤﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻵﺧﺮ‬: ‫اﻟﺸﺊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺊ‬
-‫ ھﻮ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﻘﺮآن ﻻن اﻵﯾﺎت ﻣﻨﮫ ﯾﺼﺪق ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ و ﯾﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ وھﻲ ﻗﺮاﺋﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﻔﺮاء‬
‫ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﻮل ﺳﮭﻮ و اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ان ﺗﺮك اﻟﮭﻤﺰ‬: ‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﻼھﻤﺰ اﯾﻀﺎ و ﻧﻮﻧﮫ اﺻﻠﯿﺔ و ﻗﺎل اﻟﺰﺟﺎج‬
-‫ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﮭﻤﺰ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ‬
(RvjvjyÏxb myqyZx, Avj BZKvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, KzZzeLvbv Gkvqv‡Z Bmjvg, w`jøx: Zv. we. 1g
LÐ, c„. 67-68)
12. Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z, KziAvb cwiwPwZ, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k,
XvKv : 1995, ms-1, c„. 2
13. Ave`yj Avhxg Avj hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 16; Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ©„K
m¤úvw`Z, KziAvb cwiwPwZ, cÖv¸³, c„.2-3
‫( ﻗﺮآن‬KziAvb) Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq

cweÎ KziAv‡bi cvwifvwlK cwiPq wewfbœ Avwjg wewfbœ `„wófw½ †_‡K †ck
K‡i‡Qb| ZvwK©KM‡Yi (gyZvKvwjøg~b) g‡a¨ KziAvb Gi msÁv m¤ú‡K© `yÕwU `„wófw½
cwijwÿZ nq|
GK. ‫ان اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻋﻠﻢ اي ﻛﻼم ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪاه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم اﻻﻟﮭﻲ‬
ÔAvj KziAvb nj ÔAvjvgÕ A_©vr Zv n‡”Q Avjøvni Ab¨vb¨ Kvjvg ev evYx †_‡K c„_K
êwkó¨c~Y© GK ai‡bi evYxÕ|14
`yB. ‫اﻧﮫ ﻛﻼم اﷲ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮق ﻓﯿﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﺰھﮫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻮادث و اﻋﺮاض اﻟﺤﻮادث‬
ÔAvj KziAvb nj Avjøvni Kvjvg ev evYx Z‡e G Kvjvg kvk¦Z, m„ó bq| myZivs G‡K
m„wói ¸Yv¸Y I êwkó¨ †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|Õ15
KziAvb Kvix‡gi msÁv m¤ú‡K© gyZvKvwjøg~‡bi Av‡iv GKwU `„wófw½ i‡q‡Q, hv
wdK&n I Dm~jwe`M‡Yi `„wófw½i Abyiƒc| Avi cweÎ KziAv‡bi msÁv m¤ú‡K© wdK&n I
Dm~jwe`M‡Yi `„wófw½ nj-
‫اﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل‬
‫ﻋﻨﮫ ﻧﻘﻼ ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮا ﺑﻼ ﺷﺒﮭﺔ‬
ÔwKZve nj KziAvb, hv ivm~j (mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY© n‡q‡Q, gvmvwn‡di g‡a¨ wjwLZ,
ivm~j (mv.) †_‡K Ggb fv‡e ch©vqµ‡g bKj Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni
AeKvk †bB|Õ16 gvbvwnjyj Bidvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-
‫اﻧﮫ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ و ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اول اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ اﻟﻰ اﺧﺮ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻨﺎس‬
Ôbex Kixg (mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY© m~iv ÔdvwZnvÕ †_‡K myiv ÔbvmÕ ch©šÍ evYxB nj
KziAvb|Õ17 gynv¤§` Avjx mveybx e‡jb- ÔKziAvb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi Kvjvg, hvi gyKvwejvq
mevB Aÿg| nhiZ wReivCj Avwg‡bi gva¨‡g me©‡kl bex I ivm~‡ji Dci GwU
AeZxY© nq| gvmnvd mg~‡n GwU wjwce×|
14. Ave`yj Avhxg Avj hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 18
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 19
16. †gvjøv wRq~b, b~iæj AvbIqvi dx kiwnj gvbvi, Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix, XvKv: Zv. we. c„. 7-8
17. Avãyj Avhxg hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 20
gyZvIqvwZi ch©v‡q GwU Avgv‡ì ch©šÍ ewY©Z| Gi cÖvi¤¢ m~iv dv‡Znv Øviv Ges mgvwß
m~iv bvm Gi gva¨‡g|Õ18 m‡e©vcwi ejv hvq †h, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi cÿ †_‡K nhiZ
wReivCj (Av) Gi gva¨‡g m~`xN© †ZBk ermi hver ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY©
wKZveB nj Avj KziAvb|
cweÎ KziAvb Kvix‡g KziAv‡bi cwiPq cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e-
Avj-KziAvb : ÔwPi m‡›`nvZxZ MÖš’Õ|19 ÔgyËvwK‡ì Rb¨ c_ wb‡`©kKÕ|20 ÔAvjøvni
evYxÕ| 21 ÔwPi AweK…Z MÖš’|Õ22 ÔwPi myiwÿZ I m¤§vwbZ MÖš’Õ|23 Ôwek¦ cÖwZcvj‡Ki
wKZve|Õ24 Ôgvbe RvwZi Rb¨ `wjj|Õ25 Ôgvbe RvwZi Rb¨ Dc‡`k MÖš’|Õ26 Ôgvby‡li
Rb¨ †kl Dc‡`k MÖš’|Õ27 Ôgvbe RvwZi Rb¨ AbyMÖn ¯îƒc|Õ28 ÔAbymiYxq wKZve|Õ29
ÔAv‡jvK ewZ©Kv I my¯úó wKZve|Õ30 ÔeiKZgq wKZve|Õ31
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Aci bvg ÔdziKvbÕ| Avi GUv ‫( ﻓﺮق‬dviKzb) †_‡K D™¢~Z| Gi
A_©-cv_©K¨ Kiv| KziAvb‡K G Rb¨ ÔdziKvbÕ ejv nq †h, GUv mZ¨-wg_¨vi g‡a¨
cv_©K¨Kvix|
18.
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل اﻟﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﻟﻤﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺘﻼوﺗﮫ اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﺴﻮرة اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﻮرة اﻟﻨﺎس‬
(gynv¤§` Avjx mveybx, AvZ wZeBqvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, wiqv`: Zv. we. 1g LÐ, c„. 8)
21. Avj KziAvb, 2 : 23-25
22. Avj KziAvb, 6 : 34, 115
23. Avj KziAvb, 56 : 77
24. Avj KziAvb, 56 : 80, 81
25. Avj KziAvb, 45 : 20
26. Avj KziAvb, 21 : 10
27. Avj KziAvb, 33 : 44
28. Avj KziAvb, 17 : 82
29. Avj KziAvb, 6 : 156
30. Avj KziAvb, 5 : 15,16
31. Avj KziAvb, 6 : 156
G QvovI cweÎ KziAv‡bi Av‡iv K‡qKwU bvg i‡q‡Q| †hgb- Avj wKZve,32 Avh&
whKi,33 Avj û`v,34 BZ¨vw`|
cweÎ KziAv‡bi i‡q‡Q Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv ¸YevPK bvg| †hgbt ÔAvj nvKxgÕ35
Avj ÔwnKgvnÕ36, ÔAvj ûK&g,Õ37 ÔAvj gvIwqRvn,Õ38 ÔAvj gywebÕ,39 ÔAvkwkdvÕ,40 ÔAvj
gvRx`,Õ41 ÔAvb b~iÕ,42 ÔAvj eyinvbÕ,43 ÔAvZ Zvbhxj,Õ44 ÔAvj evqvb,Õ45 ÔAvj
Iqvnq~,Õ46 ÔAvj evwq¨bvnÕ,47 ÔKvjvgyjøvnÕ,48 ÔAvj gynvBwgbÕ49 I ÔAvj nv°Õ50 BZ¨vw`|
†Kvb †Kvb Avwj‡gi g‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi G ai‡Yi ¸YevPK bv‡gi msL¨v cÂv‡ki
KvQvKvwQ| Avevi †KD †KD wbivbeŸB Gi KvQvKvwQ e‡j AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|51
32 . Avj KziAvb, 2 : 2
33. Avj KziAvb, 43 : 42
35. Avj KziAvb, 36 : 1-2
36. Avj KziAvb, 17 : 39
37. Avj KziAvb, 13 : 37
38. Avj KziAvb, 10 : 57
42. Avj KziAvb, 4 : 174
43. Avj KziAvb, 4 : 174
44. Avj KziAvb, 26 : 192
45. Avj KziAvb, 3 : 138
46. Avj KziAvb, 21 : 45
47. Avj KziAvb, 6 : 157
50. Avj KziAvb, 10 : 108
51. Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z, KziAvb cwiwPwZ, cÖv¸³, c„. 11
cweÎ KziAv‡bi 114 wU m~ivi g‡a¨ 86 wU gv°x I 28 wU gv`vbx| cweÎ KziAv‡b

7 wU gvbwhj I 14 wU wZjvIqv‡Z mvR`vn i‡q‡Q| Avi Gi AvqvZ msL¨v wb‡q
A‡bK¸‡jv gZvgZ cwijwÿZ nq| nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †_‡K `yÕwU gZvgZ
cvIqv hvq| GKwU 6616 Avi Ab¨wU 6216|52 gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb (i.) e‡jb,
cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ msL¨v 6816|53 Be‡b Kvmxi (i.) e‡jb, cweÎ KziAv‡bi
AvqvZ msL¨v 6,000 (Qq nvRvi) nIqvi e¨vcv‡i D¤§Z HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb|
Zvici †Kn 204wU, †Kn 14wU, †Kn 219 wU, †Kn 225wU, 226wU , †Kn 200wU,
†Kn 236wU Qq nvRv‡ii mv‡_ †hvM K‡i‡Qb|54 Z‡e Gi AvqvZ msL¨v 6666 nIqvi
welqwU eûj cwiwPZ| ZvweDb I Zvwe ZvweDb Ges AvwjgM‡Yi GKwU e„nËi Ask
AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb †h, cweÎ KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ 77437 wU kã I 323671 wU eY©
i‡q‡Q|55
cweÎ KziAvb eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †hfv‡e we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q Zv Avgiv wKfv‡e
†c‡qwQ Gi aviv ci¤úiv eY©bv K‡i W. Imgvb MYx e‡jb-
ÒeZ©gv‡bi KziAvb‡K Avgiv cvB cÖ_g Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv n‡Z wReivCj, wReivCj n‡Z
gnvbex (mv.) gnvbex n‡Z mvnvevMY, mvnvevM‡Yi msiÿY n‡Z nhiZ Avey eK‡ii GKÎ
Kiv GKLÐ KziAvb| c‡i Avey eK‡ii GKLÐ n‡Z nhiZ Imgv‡bi eû LÐ KziAvb| c‡i
Imgv‡bi eû LÐ n‡Z AvR‡Ki mviv we‡k¦i AmsL¨ I AMwYZ LÐ KziAvb |Ó56
52. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³. c. 89

53. Avgxgyj Bnmvb, BhvûZ Zvbexi dx Dm~wjZ Zvdmxi , Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªix, XvKv: 1995, c„.20
54. BmgvBj Be‡b Kvmxi, Zvdmxiæj KziAvwbj AvRxg, `viæj MvÏxj Rv`x`, wgki, Kvq‡iv: 2007 L„.
1g LÐ, c„.7
55. cÖv¸³, c„. 22
56. W. Imgvb MYx Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, gwjøK eªv`vm©, KjKvZv : 1995, 3q ms¯‹iY, c„. 72
Zvdmxiæj KziAvb cwiwPwZ

‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬Zvdmxi Gi kvwãK we‡kølY
cweÎ KziAv‡b Ggb wKQy AvqvZ i‡q‡Q †h ¸‡jv wZjvIqvZ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B
cvVK Zvi AšÍwb©wnZ fve ü`q½g Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Ggb KwZcq AvqvZI i‡q‡Q †h
¸‡jv GKUz RwUj I `y‡ev©a¨, hv e¨vL¨v we‡kølY e¨ZxZ ü`q½g Kiv hvq bv| Avi cweÎ
KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Kiv‡K Bmjvgx cwifvlvq ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان‬ejv nq| wb‡æ
Zvdmxiæj KziAv‡bi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
‫( ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬Zvdmxi) kãwU ‫ ف س ر‬kãg~j †_‡K D™f‚Z| GwU GK ePb, eû ePb
‫( ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ‬Zvdvmxi)| G kãwU ev‡e ZvdC‡ji wµqvg~j|1
1. ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬k‡ãi Drm we‡køl‡Y we‡klÁ AvwjgMY †_‡K GKvwaK gZvgZ cvIqv hvq| †hgb-
K. Avjøvgv myq~Zxi g‡ZÑ
‫ اذا اﺿﺎء‬: ‫ ﺗﻘﻮل اﺳﻔﺮ اﻟﺼﺒﺢ‬-‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺴﺮ و ھﻮاﻟﺒﯿﺎن و اﻟﻜﺸﻒ وﯾﻘﺎل ھﻮ ﻣﻘﻠﻮب اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫و ﻗﯿﻞ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﺮة وھﻲ اﺳﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺑﮫ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺮض‬
A_v©r Zvdmxi kãwU ev‡e ZvdC‡ji ‫ اﻟﻔﺴﺮ‬wµqvg~j †_‡K D™f~Z| ejv n‡q _v‡K ‫ ﻓﺴﺮ‬kãwU ‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬
k‡ãi cwiewZ©Z iƒc| †KD †KD e‡j‡Qb- G kãwU ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﺮة‬kã †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| (myq~Zx, Avj
BZKvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 221)
L. gvevwnm wd Dj~wgj KziAvb MÖš’ cÖ‡YZvi g‡Z-
‫ ﻛﻀﺮب‬: ‫ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ‬-‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻻﺑﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻜﺸﻒ و اﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮل‬
: ‫ اﺑﺎﻧﮫ و اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ واﻟﻔﺴﺮ‬: ‫ ﯾﻘﺎل ﻓﺴﺮ اﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﯾﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ و ﯾﻔﺴﺮه ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﻓﺴﺮا و ﻓﺴﺮه‬-‫و ﻧﺼﺮ‬
‫اﻻﺑﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﻐﻄﻰ‬
A_v©r AvwfavwbK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Zvdmxi kãwU ev‡e ZvdCj Gi‫ اﻟﻔﺴﺮ‬wµqvg~j †_‡K D™f~Z|
wµqviƒ‡c Zvdmxi kãwU ev‡e ‫ ﺿﺮب‬I ‫ ﻧﺼﺮ‬GZ`yfq †_‡K eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| (gvbœv Avj KvËvb,
gvevwnm dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, gvKvZvev Avj gvÕAvwid, wiqv`: 1999 L„. 2q ms¯‹iY, c„. 334)
(M) W. mvjvn Ave`yj dvËvn Avj Lvwj`x e‡jb-
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻋﻠﻰ وزن ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ – ﻓَﺴَﺮَ واﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﻀﻌﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺪﯾﺪ‬
َ‫وھﻮ ﻓَﺴﱠﺮ‬
A_v©r Zvdmxi kãwU ev‡e ZvdC‡ji IR‡bi kãg~j wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| wZb Aÿi wewkó eve †_‡K
Gi wµqv nj dvmviv| Avi Zvdmxi gvm`vi †_‡K AZxZ Kv‡ji wµqviƒc n‡jv dvm&mviv, hvi g‡aï
nid wØZ¡ n‡e| ( W. mvjvn Ave`yj dvËvn Avj Lvwj`x, AvZ& Zvdmxiæj gvI`vC, `viæb bvmvwdqv,
R`©vb: 1997, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 11)
(N) Avjøvgv ivwMe Gi g‡Z- ‫ ﻓﺴﺮ‬kãwU‫ ﺳﻔﺮ‬k‡ãi cwiewZ©Z iƒc| (ivwMe B¯úvnvbx, gydiv`vZ,
gvKZvev gyiZvhv, jv‡nvi: Zv.we. c„. 330)
(O) Avjøvgv hviKvkx e‡jb- ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬kãwU ‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﺮة‬kãgyj †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| Gi A_© n‡”Q †ivMxi
†ckv‡ei cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L †ivM wbY©q Kiv| G Kvi‡Y gydvmwmi KZ©„K A_© I weavb ch©‡eÿY, we‡kølY
Kiv‡K ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﺮة‬ejv nq| (hviKvkx, Avj eyinvb, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ: 2001 L„. c„.
147)
Gi A_© n‡”Q- †Lvjv, Db¥y³ Kiv, we‡kølY Kiv, cÖKvk Kiv, my¯úófv‡e eY©bv Kiv
BZ¨vw`|2 Zvdmx‡ii gva¨‡g †h‡nZz cweÎ KziAv‡bi welqvejx Db¥y³ fv‡e eY©bv Kiv
nq, GRb¨ G‡K ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
Zvdmxi Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq
‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq wbgœiƒc:3
‫اﻧﮫ ﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟﻘﺮآن و ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻﺗﮭﺎ واﺣﻜﺎﻣﮭﺎ اﻻﻓﺮادﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﯿﺔ و ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ و ﺗﺘﻤﺎت ﻟﺬاﻟﻚ‬
2. Zvdmxi k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© cÖm‡½ gbxwlMY wewfbœ e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †hgb-
(K) Avjøvgv myq~Zx e‡jb- ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬k‡ãi A_© ‫ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ev Db¥y³ Kiv| bvix hLb Zvi gyL gÐj †_‡K Dobv
mwi‡q †d‡j ZLb Avieiv e‡j- ‫( ﺳﻔﺮت اﻟﻤﺮأة ﺳﻔﻮرة‬myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, c„. 221)
(L) AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb MÖš’Kvi e‡jb- ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ھﻮ اﻻﯾﻀﺎح و اﻟﺘﺒﯿﯿﻦ‬
(W. ûmvBb Avhhvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, G`vivZzj KziAvb, cvwK¯Ívb:
1997 L„. 1g LÐ, c„. 13)
(M) Avjøvgv Beby gvbhyi e‡jb-
‫ واﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﮫ و اﻟﻔﺴﺮ‬-‫ ﻓﺴﺮ اﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﯾﻔﺴﺮه ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ و ﯾﻔﺴﺮه ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﻓﺴﺮا ﻓﺴﺮه اﺑﺎﻧﮫ‬: ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﻐﻄﻰ و اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻞ‬
(Be‡b gvbhyi, wjmvbyj Avie, `viæj GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex, êiæZ: 1995 L„. 1g ms, 6ô LÐ,
c„. 361)
(N) Avjøvgv wd‡ivRvev`x Gi g‡ZÑ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ھﻮ اﻻﺑﺎﻧﺔ و ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﻐﻄﻰ‬
(gvR`yÏxb gynv¤§` wd‡ivRvev`x, Avj Kvg~myj gywnZ, 2q LÐ, c„. 110)
(O) gyÔRvgy gvKvwqm Avj jyMvn MÖš’Kvi e‡jb-
‫اﻟﻔﺎء و اﻟﺴﯿﻦ و اﻟﺮاء ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﻲء و اﯾﻀﺎﺣﮫ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﺴﺮ ﯾﻘﺎل ﻓﺴﺮت اﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﻓﺴﺮﺗﮫ‬
A_©vr dv, wmb I iv (‫ ر‬-‫ س‬-‫ )ف‬GKwU kã| hv †Kvb wel‡qi eY©bv I e¨vL¨v A‡_© eëüZ nq|
(Be‡b dvwim, gyÔRvgy gvKvwqm Avj jyMvn, 4_© LÐ, c„. 504)
(P) gvbvwnjyj Bidvb cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-
‫ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﯾﻀﺎح و اﻟﺘﺒﯿﯿﻦ‬ÒAvwfavwbK A‡_© Zvdmxi A_© ¯úó Kiv, we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e eY©bv Kiv|Ó
(hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 4)
3. Avey nvBq¨vb AvmxiæwÏb gynv¤§` Beb BDmyd Avj-Av›`vjymx, Avj evniæj gynxZ, `viæj wdKi,
‰eiæZ: 1992 L„. 2q LÐ, c„. 26)
ÔBnv Ggb GKwU welq hv‡Z Avj KziAv‡bi kã mg~‡ni D”PviY c×wZ, †m ¸‡jvi
Zvrch©, kã I ev‡Kï MVbMZ wbqvgvejx, evK¨ MV‡bi Ae¯’v, Gi fvev_© mg~n Ges
Gme wel‡qi cwic~iK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|Õ
* Avjøvgv Avj Rvhvwqix e‡jb-4
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻞ واﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ رد اﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﯿﻦ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎھﺮ‬
ÔRwUj k‡ãi Zvrch© D`NvUb Kivi bvg Zvdmxi, Avi Avqv‡Zi evwn¨K Zvrch© wb‡`©‡k
`ywU Zvrc‡h©i †h †Kvb GKwU‡K ev` w`‡q AciwU MÖnY Kivi bvg ZvÕexj|Õ
* gvbvwnjyj Bidvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-5
‫ھﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ اﺣﻮال اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ دﻻﻟﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاد اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬
ÔZvdmxi Ggb GK weÁvb hv Avqv‡Z ewY©Z Avjøvni D‡Ïk¨ wbY©‡q gvby‡li mvgv_©byhvC
Avj KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi Av‡jvPbv K‡i|Õ
* Avjøvgv Lvwj` Be‡b Imgvb AvmmveZ Gi g‡Z-6
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻦ اﺣﻮال اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ دﻻﻟﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاد اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻘﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬
ÔZvdmxi Ggb Bjg hv‡Z gvby‡li mva¨vbycv‡Z Avj KziAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZ ev
†Kvb kã Øviv Avjøvn Kx eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|Õ
* Avjøvgv Avgxgyj Bnmvb wj‡L‡Qb- 7
‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ اﺣﻮال اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﺰوﻟﮫ‬
‫و ﺳﻨﺪه و اداﺑﮫ واﻟﻔﺎﻇﮫ وﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﻢ واﻻﺣﻜﺎم و ﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ‬
ÔBjgyZ Zvdmxi H Bjg hv‡Z gnvMÖš’ Avj KziAv‡bi AeZx‡Y©i aviv, mb` Ges Av`ve,
kã, g~j k‡ãi mv‡_ mswkó Zvrch© I ûKzg AvnKvg BZ¨vw` welq Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|Õ
4. b~iæÏxb Beb wbqvgvZzjøvn Avj- ûmvBbx Avj gymvfx Avj Rvhvwqix, diKzj jyMvZ wdZ ZvgC‡h evBbv
gvdvw`wjj KvwjgvZ, gvKZvev bvkwim mvdvKvwZj Bmjvwgq¨v, †Znivb: 1408 wn. 2q ms, c„. 90
5. hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 3
6. AvmmveZ, KvIqvwq`yZ Zvdmxi, `viæ Be‡b Avddvb, Kvq‡iv: 1421 wn. 1g ms¯‹iY, LÐ-1, c„. 29
7. Avgxgyj Bnmvb, AvZZvbexi wd Dm~wjZ Zvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 6
* Avjøvgv ZvdZvhvbx e‡jb-8

‫ھﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻦ اﺻﻮل ﻛﻼم اﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاد‬
ÔZvdmxi Ggb GKwU Bj‡gi bvg hv‡Z Avjøvni Kvjv‡gi Zvrch© D`NvU‡bi g~jbxwZ
mg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|Õ
* Avjøvgv hviKvkx e‡jb- 9
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺑﮫ ﻓﮭﻢ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﯿﮫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫وﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﮫ واﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫ و ﺣﻜﻤﮫ‬
ÔZvdmxi nj Ggb GKwU Bjg hv Øviv bex gynv¤§v` (mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY© Avjøvni
wKZve KziAv‡bi eyS AwR©Z nq Ges KziAv‡bi A‡_©i e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, Zvi AvnKvg I
wnKgZ mg~‡ni Z_¨ D`NvUb Kiv hvq|Õ
* Avjøvgv RyiRvbxi g‡Z- 10

‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮع ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻵﯾﺔ و ﺷﺎﻧﮭﺎ و ﻗﺼﺘﮭﺎ واﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ دﻻﻟﺔ ﻇﺎھﺮة‬
Ôkixq‡Zi cwifvlvq Zvdmxi n‡jv- Avqv‡Zi A_©, Ae¯’v, Kvwnbx I kv‡b byh~j m¤ú‡K©
my¯úó eY©bv Kiv|Õ
* Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx e‡jb- 11

‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺰول اﻵﯾﺎت و ﺷﺌﻮﻧﮭﺎ واﻗﺎﺻﯿﺼﮭﺎ واﻻﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﻜﯿﮭﺎ و ﻣﺪﻧﯿﮭﺎ و‬
‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﮭﺎ و ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﮭﮭﺎ و ﻧﺎﺳﺨﮭﺎ و ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﮭﺎ و ﺧﺎﺻﮭﺎ و ﻋﺎﻣﮭﺎ و ﻣﻄﻠﻘﮭﺎ و ﻣﻘﯿﺪھﺎ وﻣﺠﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬
‫و ﻣﻔﺴﺮھﺎ و ﺣﻼﻟﮭﺎ و ﺣﺮاﻣﮭﺎ وﻋﺪھﺎ و وﻋﯿﺪھﺎ واﻣﺮھﺎ و ﻧﮭﯿﮭﺎ و ﻋﺒﺮھﺎ و اﻣﺜﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬
ÔZvdmxi Ggb we`¨v‡K e‡j, hvi g‡a¨ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~‡ni AeZiY, mswkøó
NUbvejx Ges bvwh‡ji KviY, GgbwK gv°x, gv`vbx, gynKvg, gyZvkvwen, bvwmL, gvbm~L,
Lvm, Avg, gyZjvK, gyKvBq¨v`, gyRgvj, gydvmmvi, nvjvj, nvivg, Iqv`v, IC`, Avgi,
bvnx, BeivZ I AvgQvj BZ¨vwì we‡kølY Kiv nq|Õ
8. AvkdvKzi ingvb, wgiAvZzZ Zvdmxi, KzZze Lvbv ivnxwgq¨v, w`jøx Zv:we: c„. 3
9. hviKvkx, Avj eyinvb, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ 2001, 1g LÐ, c„. 13
10. kixd Avjx, wKZveyZ ZvÕwidvZ, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ: 1995, c„. 63
11. myq~Zx, Avj BZKvb wd Dj~wgj KziAvb, cÖv¸³, (2q LÐ), c„. 222
* Avjøvgv gvZzwi`x e‡jb-12
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ان اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ھﺬا واﻟﺸﮭﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﷲ اﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ ھﺬا‬
ÔZvdmxi nj gydvmwm‡ii GK_v wbwðZ fv‡e ejv †h, G k‡ãi A_© GUvB, Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv G kã Øviv GUvB eywS‡q‡Qb|Õ
* Zvdmx‡i evqhvex MÖš’Kvi e‡jb- 13
‫ھﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﯿﺤﺚ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ و ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬
ÔZvdmxi Ggb GKwU we`¨v hv‡Z gvby‡li mva¨vbyhvC Aviex wbqg Kvbyb Gi wfwË‡Z
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi evYx KziAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~‡ni Zvrch© I gg©v_© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q
_v‡K|Õ
mvgMÖxK A‡_© KziAvb gvRx‡ì evwn¨K Zvrch© I AšÍwb©wnZ inm¨ D`NvUb K‡i
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi Kvjv‡gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Abyaveb Kivi Rb¨ †h Bjg Abb¨ f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i Zv-B BjgyZ Zvdmxi|
12. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, 221

13. Kvhx bvwmiæwÏb evqhvex, Zvdmxi evqhvex, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ: LÐ-1, c„. 16
ZvÕex‡ji cwiPq
cweÎ KziAv‡bi gg© D`NvU‡bi Av‡iKwU cªwµqvi bvg ZvÕexj| Avi G cÖwµqvwUI
Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi wbKU AZ¨šÍ mgv`„Z GKwU cš’v| wb‡gœ Zvi cwiwPwZ Zz‡j aiv nj|
‫( ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ‬ZvÕexj) Gi kvwãK we‡kølY
‫( ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ‬ZvÕexj) kãwU ev‡e ZvdC‡ji gvm`vi ev wµqvg~j| GwU ُ‫( اَﻻَوْل‬Avj
AvIjy)1 ev ُ‫( اَﻻِﯾَﺎﻟَﺔ‬Avj BqvjvZz)2 kãg~j †_‡K wb®úbœ| Be‡b gvbhy‡ii g‡Z3 ُ‫اَﻻَوْل‬
k‡ãi A_© nj ‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬ev cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv| ‫ ال اﻟﺸﺊ ﯾﺆول اوﻻ و ﻣﺎﻻ‬A_© cÖZ¨veZ©b
Kiv‡bv| ‫ واﻟﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﺊ‬A_© wd‡i Avmv| †hgb nv`x‡m G‡m‡Q- ‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎم اﻟﺪھﺮ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ ﺻﺎم وﻻ ال‬GLv‡b ‫ وﻻال‬A_© †m Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K wd‡i Av‡mwb|
* Kvg~m MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-4 ‫ ال اﻟﯿﮫ اوﻻ و ﻣﺎﻻ‬Gi A_© n‡”Q-†div, cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv|
‫ اول اﻟﻜﻼم ﺗﺎوﯾﻼ و ﺗﺎوﻟﮫ‬A_© n‡”Q- cwigvc, e¨vL¨v|
* Avjøgv ivwMe B¯úvnvbx wj‡Lb-5 ‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ اﻻﺻﻞ وﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﻤﺆول ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬: ‫اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﯾﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﯿﮫ و ذﻟﻚ ھﻮ رد اﻟﺸﺊ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن و ﻓﻌﻼ‬
ÔZvÕexj A_© wd‡i Avmv| gyIqvDqvj (‫ )ﻣﺆول‬H ¯’vb‡K e‡j hvi w`‡K wd‡i Avmv nq|
†Kvb e¯‘‡K P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡qi w`‡K wdwi‡q †`qv, bvg ev KvR‡K Zvi Afxó j‡ÿ¨ DbœxZ
Kiv|Õ
* gvevwnm dx Dj~wgj KziAvb MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-6 ‫ ھﻮ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ اﻻﺻﻞ‬Ôg~‡ji w`‡K
wd‡i Avmv‡K ‫ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ‬e‡j|Õ
Avi ‫ ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ‬kãwU ‫ اﻻﯾﺎﻟﺔ‬kãg~j †_‡KI wb®úbœ n‡Z cv‡i| ZLb Gi A_© n‡e- ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬
ev ivRbxwZ, ivóªbxwZ|7
* Avjøvgv hvgvLkvix e‡jb-8 ‫ال اﻟﺮﻋﯿﺔ ﯾﺆوﻟﮭﺎ اﯾﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ وھﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻻﯾﺎﻟﺔ‬
1. Beby gvbhyi, wjmvbyj Avie, cÖv¸³, 13Zg LÐ, c„. 33-34
2. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 221
3. Be‡b gvbhyi, wjmvbyj Avie, cÖv¸³, 13Zg LÐ, 33-34
4. wd‡ivRvev`x, cÖv¸³, 3q LÐ, c„.331
5. ivwMe Avj B¯úvnvbx, Avj gydiv`vZ, `viæj gvÕwidvn, êiæZ: Zv. we. c„.31
6. gvbœv Avj KvËvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 336
7. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 221
8. hvgvLkvix, Avmvmyj evjvMvn, `viæj Kjg, ‰eiæZ: Zv.we. 1g LÐ, c„.15
ÔwZwb cÖRv mvavi‡Yi Dci PgrKvi ivRZ¡ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb, Avi wZwbB n‡”Qb DËg
cÖRvermj cÖkvmK|Õ
* Avi ‫ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ اﻟﻜﻼم‬Gi A_© n‡”Q- cÖKvk Kiv, ejv|9 Avevi ¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v‡KI ZvÕexj
ejv nq|10
Z‡e ‫ ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ‬kãwU cweÎ KziAv‡b wewfbœ Avqv‡Z wewfbœ A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q|
†hgb- 1. e¨vL¨v we‡kølY A‡_©|11 2. ïf cwiYwZ A‡_©|12 3. ¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v A‡_©|13 4.
msev` A‡_©|14 5. Kg© m¤úv`b A‡_©|15 6. Lv‡`ï eY©bv A‡_©|16 7.Ace¨vL¨v A‡_©|17
‫( ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ‬ZvÕexj) Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq
‫( ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ‬ZvÕexj) Gi cvwifvwlK msÁv wbiƒc‡b gyZvKvwÏgxb Z_v c~e©eZx© AvwjgMY Ges
gyZvAvL‡Lixb Z_v cieZ©x AvwjgMY gZv‰bK¨ K‡i‡Qb| gyZvKvwÏgxb AvwjgMY
ZvÕexj‡K `yÕfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡ib|
GK. ‫ ھﻮ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﻼم و ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ﺳﻮاء واﻓﻖ ﻇﺎھﺮه او ﺧﺎﻟﻔﮫ‬A_©vr ZvÕexj n‡”Q
Kvjv‡gi e¨vL¨v I A‡_©i eY©bv Kiv| PvB Zv cÖKvk¨ Kvjv‡gi mc‡ÿ †nvK ev wec‡ÿ
†nvK|18 G †ÿ‡Î ZvÕexj I Zvdmxi mgv_©‡evaK n‡e|
* cÖL¨vZ ZvweC gyRvwn` e‡jb-‫ ان اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﯾﻌﻠﻤﻮن اﻟﺘﺎوﯾﻞ‬ÔAvwjgMY KziAv‡bi ZvÕexj
Rv‡bb|Õ GLv‡b ZvÕexj Øviv D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Zvdmxi|
* Avjøvgv Be‡b Rvixi Zvevix Zvui Zvdmx‡i e‡j‡Qb- ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﮫ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺬا‬
‫ ﻛﺬا‬ÔAgyK Avqv‡Zi ZvÕexj Giƒc GiƒcÕ|
9. Be‡b gvbhyi, wjmvbyj Avie, cÖv¸³, LÐ-13, c„.33

10. wd‡ivRvev`x, cÖv¸³, 3q LÐ, c„. 331
11. Avj KziAvb, 3:7
12. Avj KziAvb, 4:59
13. Avj KziAvb, 12 : 6, 12: 37
15. Avj KziAvb, 18 :82
16. Avj KziAvb, 12 : 37
18. hviKvbx, gvbvwnjyj Bidvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„.7
wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡QbÕ ÔAvn‡j ZvÕexj G Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨vq gZv‰bK¨ K‡i‡Qb|Õ Gme †ÿ‡Î wZwb ZvÕexj Øviv Zvdmxi‡KB eySv‡Zb|19
`yB. ‫ ھﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻼم‬A_©vr †Kvb Kvjv‡g †h A_© DwÏó ev jÿ¨ Zv-B ZvÕexj| 20
Aci w`‡K gyZvAvL‡Lixb AvwjgM‡Yi `„wó‡Z ZvÕex‡ji msÁv n‡”Q- ‫ھﻮ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮح‬ÔcÖKvk¨ A_© cwiZ¨vM K‡i `~e©j A_© MÖnY Kiv‡K ZvÕexj
e‡j|Õ21
* gvbœv Avj KvËvb e‡jb-22 ‫ھﻮ ﺻﺮف اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺮاﺟﺢ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮح‬
Ô‡Kvb `jxj cÖgv‡Yi wfwË‡Z †Kvb GKwU k‡ãi ewjô A_©‡K ev` w`‡q `~e©j A_© MÖnY
Kiv‡K ZvÕexj e‡j|Õ
* Avjøvgv myq~Zxi g‡Z-23 m¤¢vebvgq A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi †Kvb GKwU‡K MÖnY Kivi bvg
ZvÕexj| Z‡e Avj KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vq m¤¢vebvgq welq‡K wbðqZvmn MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv|
†Kbbv ZvÕex‡ji g~j wfwË †bB; eis ÔAvjøvn ZvÔAvjvB me©vwaK ÁvZÕ e¨vL¨v †k‡l G
ai‡Yi Bw½Z Kiv DwPr|
* Avjøvgv hviKvkx Gi g‡Z-24 ZvÕexj nj Avj KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi gg©v‡_©i K‡qKwU
Awfg‡Zi †Kvb GKwUi cÖwZ cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv‡bv| hv‡Z Gi gva¨‡g ¯úófv‡e gg©
D`NvUb Kiv hvq|
* gvÔAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-25 eû gZvgZ †_‡K GKwU gZ‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q Avj
KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v Kiv‡K ZvÕexj e‡j|
19. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 17

21. RvgDj RvIqv‡g, 2q LÐ, c„. 56
22. gvbœv Avj KvËvb, cÖv¸³-c„. 337
23. myq~Zx, Avj BZKvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 173
24. hviKvkx, Avj eyinvb,cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 146
25. Avey gynv¤§` Avj evMvfx, gvÔAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj, B`viv ZvjxdvZ, gyjZvb: Zv.we. 1g LÐ, c„.7
Zvdmxi I ZvÕex‡ji cv_©K¨

Zvdmxi I ZvÕexj DfqwUiB jÿ¨ nj cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv|

Z‡e GZ`yf‡qi g‡a¨ wKQzUv cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb|1 Avi G cv_©K¨ wbiƒcb Kiv LyeB Kómva¨
e¨vcvi| A‡bK cÖvÁ gydvmwmiI Dfq‡K mgv_©‡evaK k‡ãi gZ eënvi K‡i‡Qb|2
G cÖm‡½ Be‡b nvexe wbkvcyix e‡jb-3
‫ﻓﻲ زﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻣﻔﺴﺮون ﻟﻮ ﺳﺌﻠﻮا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ و اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ ﻣﺎ اھﺘﺪوا اﻟﯿﮫ‬
ÔAvgv‡ì mg‡q Gg‡bv A‡bK gydvmwmi wQ‡jb, Zvu‡ì‡K ZvÕexj I Zvdmx‡ii ga¨Kvi
cv_©K¨ wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j Zvuiv †Kvb m`yËi Ki‡Zb bvÕ|
Zvdmxi I ZvÕex‡ji cv_©K¨ wb‡q gbxwlMY wewfbœ gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b Zvi
wKq`sk Zz‡j aiv nj|
kãMZ cv_©K¨
‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬kãwU ‫ ﻓﺴﺮ‬-‫ ﺳﻔﺮ‬ev ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﺮة‬kãg~j †_‡K ev‡e ‫ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ‬Gi wµqvg~j|4
Avi ‫ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ‬kãwU ‫ اﻻول‬ev ‫ اﻻﯾﺎﻟﺔ‬kãg~j †_‡K ev‡e ‫ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ‬Gi wµqvg~j|5
A_©MZ cv_©K¨
Zvdmxi k‡ãi AwfavwbK A_©- e¨vL¨v Kiv, we‡kølY Kiv, Db¥y³ Kiv, eY©bv Kiv,
I cÖKvk Kiv BZ¨vw`|6 Avi ZvÕexj k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_©- cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv, wdiv‡bv, I
cwigvc Kiv BZ¨vw`|7
1. Kvhx mvbvDjøvn cvwb c_x, Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix, (evsjv Abyev`), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv:
1997 L„. 1g
LÐ, f‚wgKv, c„. 14
2. Z¡vKx Dmgvbx, Dj~gyj KziAvb, hvKvwiqv eyK wW‡cv, †Ìe›`: Zv. we., 2q LÐ, c„. 326
3. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 173
4. Be‡b gvbhyi, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 109
6. W. ÐmvBb Avh hvnvex, AvZ& Zvdmxi Iqvj gvdvmwmiæb, G`vivZzj KziAvb, cvwK¯Ívb: 1997 L„. c„. 13
cvwifvwlK cv_©K¨
Zvdmx‡ii cvwifvwlK msÁv n‡jv-
‫ھﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ اﺣﻮال اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ دﻻﻟﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاد اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻘﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬
ÔZvdmxi Ggb GKwU Bjg hv‡Z gvby‡li mva¨vbycv‡Z Avj KziAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZ ev
†Kvb kã Øviv Avjøvn Kx eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|Õ8 Avi ZvÕexj
nj- ‫ﺻﺮف اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺮاﺟﺢ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮح ﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ‬
Ô‡Kvb Kvh©Ki‡Yi wfwË‡Z k‡ãi ewjô A_© †_‡K `~e©j A‡_©i w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv‡K
ZvÕexj e‡jÕ|9
eënvwiK cv_©K¨
1. Avjøvgv hviKvkx e‡jb-10 Zvdmxi cÖKvk¨ †ÿ‡Î my¯úóiƒ‡c ewY©Z nq, cÿvšÍ‡i
ZvÕexj AcÖKvk¨ welqvw`‡Z Kiv nq, hvi my¯úó Zvdmxi cvIqv hvq bv| †hgb-
Avjøvni evYx: ‫ ﺗﺨﺮج اﻟﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﯿﺖ‬ÔZzwgB RxweZ‡K g„‡Zi †fZi †_‡K †ei K‡i
Avb|Õ 11 GLv‡b evwni Kivi e¨vL¨v hw` wWg †_‡K ev”Pv †ei Kiv Øviv Kiv nq,
Zvn‡j Zv Zvdmxi| Avi hw` gywgb †K Kzdi †_‡K †ei Kivi A_© Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv
nq, Zvn‡j Zv ZvÕexj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|12
2. Avjøvgv myq~Zx e‡jb-13 Zvdmxi nj weï× eY©bvi gva¨‡g c~e©eZ©x hy‡Mi wbf©i‡hvM¨
Z_¨vwì wfwË‡Z Avj KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v, †Kbbv G‡Z †Kvb iƒc M‡elYvg~jK
AwfgZ cÖ`v‡bi AeKvk †bB| cÿvšÍ‡i ZvÕexj nj mwVK fv‡e Kg© m¤úv`bKvix
AvwjgM‡Yi D`NvwUZ A_© mg~n, hv Avj KziAvb Abyave‡bi Rb¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq|
3. Avjøvgv ivwMe B¯úvnvbx e‡jb-14 Zvdmxi e¨vcK, Avi ZvÕexj wbw`©ó I
mxwgZfv‡e A_© cÖKvk K‡i, Zvdmx‡ii †ÿÎ we‡klZ fvlv I fvlvi cÖ‡qv‡M| Avi
ZvÕex‡ji eënvi A_© mg~‡n mxwgZ|
10. hviKvkx, Avj eyinvb, 2q LÐ, c„. 150
12. evMvfx, gvÕAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj, cÖv¸³, c„. 7
13. myq~Zx, BZKvb, 2q LÐ, cÖv¸³, c„. 490
14. m¤úv`bv cwil`, `vBivn gvÔAvwidyj Bmjvwgq¨vn, jv‡nvi: 1989 L„. 6ô LÐ, c„. 491
4. Avey Devq`v I AvwjgM‡Yi GKwU `‡ji g‡Z,15 Zvdmxi I ZvÕexj| G `yÕ‡Uv
mgv_©‡evaK kã| gvbœv Avj KvËvb Zvui MÖ‡š’16 kã `ywU‡K ‫ ﻣﺘﺮادﻓﺎن‬I
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺎن‬Z_v mgv_©‡evaK I KvQvKvwQ A‡_©i e‡j‡Qb| Avjøvgv hviKvbx e‡jb-

17
kã `yÕwU mgv_©‡evaK| Kv‡RB Df‡qi g‡a¨ ‫ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎوي‬m¤úK© we`¨gvb|
5. Avjøvgv Avj~mx e‡jb-18 g~j wb‡`©wkKvi Av‡jv‡K hv eySv hvq Zvi eY©bv nj
Zvdmxi, cÿvšÍ‡i Bw½‡Zi gva¨‡g hv eySv hvq Gi we‡kølY nj ZvÕexj|
6. Avjøvgv gvZzwi`x e‡jb-19 AKvU¨fv‡e Avjøvni D‡Ïk¨ hvi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq Zv-B
Zvdmxi| G‡ÿ‡Î ZvdmxiKvi‡K wbðqZvi mv‡_ GK_v ej‡Z nq †h, ‫ﻋﻨﻰ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ ھﺬا‬Ôk‡ãi A_© GUvBÕ| Avjøvni ZvÔAvjv G A_©B eywS‡q‡Qb Giƒc K_vi
mg_©‡b wbwðZ `jxj cvIqv †Mj Zv mwVK Zvdmxi| Avi Zv-bv n‡j †mUv n‡e
wbR¯^ Awfg‡Zi Zvdmxi|
7. Avjøvgv evMfx e‡jb-20 ZvÕexj nj Ggb A_© ev e¨vL¨v hv‡Z Z`byiƒc e¨vL¨v
nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Zv Avqv‡Zi c~‡e©i As‡ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj n‡e| Zv‡Z
†Kvbfv‡e KziAvb I mybœv‡ni we‡ivax Z_¨ _vK‡e bv| cÿvšÍ‡i Zvdmxi nj-
wiIqvqvZ wfwËK evYxi Av‡jv‡K AvqvZ AeZi‡Yi Dcjÿ¨, NUbvejx Ges
mswkó weav‡bi we‡kølY|
8. Bgvg hvnvex Gi g‡Z,21 ZvÕexj Gi gva¨‡g g~j Zvdmxi AwR©Z nqbv, g~j
wbwðZ D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Z_Ï cvIqv hvq bv; eis ejv n‡e G welqwU
Giƒc-Giƒc c×wZ mg~‡ni cÖwZ Bw½Z evnK| Zb¥‡a¨ †h †Kvb GKwU A_ev
Awbw`©ófv‡e me KÕwU A_© MÖnY Kiv hvq| cÿvšÍ‡i Zvdmxi ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó GKwU
A_© ev e¨vL¨vB cÖ`vb K‡i|
15. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, L„. 221
18. Avj~mx, iæûj gvÕAvbx, `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex, êiæZ: Zv. we. 1g LÐ, c„.5
19. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 221
20. evMvfx, gvÕAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 18
21. hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 20
9. Bgvg gvZzwi`x Gi g‡Z,22 Zvdmxi mvnvevMY (iv.) †_‡K M„nxZ| cÿvšÍ‡i

ZvÕexj Bmjvgx AvBb kv¯¿ (wdK&n)we`MY †_‡K cÖvß| A_©vr mvnvevMY (iv.) bex
Kvixg (mv.) †_‡K Zvdmxi wkÿv K‡i‡Qb, Avj KziAvb‡K ch©‡eÿY K‡i‡Qb
Ges AeZi‡Yi †cÖÿvcU m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e †R‡b‡Qb| ZvÕexj Øviv
m¤¢vebvgq eÐ A_© †_‡K †Kvb GKwU‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq| wKš‘ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi
wbKU MÖnYxq A_© m¤ú‡K© ZvÕexj Øviv †Kvbiƒc wbðqZv †`qv m¤¢e bq| myZivs
ejv hvq, Zvdmx‡ii wbw`©ó GKwU e¨vL¨v _v‡K, Avi ZvÕex‡ji Awbw`©ó eû e¨vL¨v
_v‡K|
10. Avjøvgv ivwMe e‡jb-23 Zvdmxi kãwU ZvÕexj k‡ãi †P‡q e¨vcKv_©‡evaK|
mvaviYZ Zvdmxi kãwU kãvejxi Rb¨ eëüZ nq, Avi ZvÕexj kãwU A‡_©i
Rb¨ eëüZ nq| Zvdmxi GKK kãvejxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨, Avi ZvÕexj
evK¨vejxi †ÿ‡Î eëüZ nq|
11. Avjøvgv myq~Zx e‡jb-24 weij I `yj©f kã gvjvi †ÿ‡Î Zvdmxi, Avi KL‡bv
Avg I KL‡bv Lvm k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î ZvÕexj eëüZ nq|
12. Djvgv gyZvAvL‡Lix‡bi cÖwm× gZ-25 Zvdmxi nj Ggb A_© eY©bv Kiv hv cÖKvk¨
BeviZ Øviv †evaMg¨ nq| Avi ZvÕexj nj Ggb A_© eY©bv Kiv hv Bkviv Øviv
†evaMg¨ nq| Df‡qi g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb|
13. Avey Zvwje mvÔjvex Gi g‡Z-26 k‡ãi †gŠj I iƒcKv_© eY©bv Kiv‡K Zvdmxi
e‡j| Avi k‡ãi †fZiMZ A_© eY©bv Kiv‡K ZvÕexj e‡j| Avi `jxj cÖgv‡Yi
wfwË‡Z D‡Ïk¨ cÖKvk Kiv‡KI Zvdmxi e‡j|
14. Avey bvmi Avj KzivBkx e‡jb-27 AbymiY I wbf©i e¨vL¨v n‡jv Zvdmxi,cÿvšÍ‡i
M‡elYv wfwËK e¨vL¨v n‡jv ZvÕexj|
22. hvnvex cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„.18

24. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 222
26. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 152
27. cÖv¸³
15. Avjøvgv Avj~mx e‡jb-28 BevivZ Z_v iPbv †_‡K †h A_© ¯úó eySv hvq Zv eY©bv
Kiv‡K Zvdmxi e‡j| Aci w`‡K BeviZ †_‡K †h A_© Bw½‡Z eySv hvq Zv eY©bv
Kiv‡K ZvÕexj e‡j|
16. Avj Avmevnvbxi g‡Z-29 AvwjgM‡Yi cwifvlvq Zvdmxi nj KziAv‡bi A‡_©i
e¨vL¨v Kiv, cÖKvk¨ I KwVb kãvejxi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Kiv| Avi ZvÕexj nj
mswÿß A_© †evaK k‡ãi e¨vL¨v Kiv|
17. †Kvb †Kvb Avwjg e‡jb-30 hv KziAv‡b we`¨gvb I hvi mg_b© mnxn nv`xm
cvIqv hvq Zv-B Zvdmxi| †Kbbv Zvi A_© cÖKvk¨ I wee„Z| GLv‡b Kv‡iv †Kvb
Ihi AvcwË wKsev M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avi ZvÕexj nj- wewfbœ cÖKvi Bjg
Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i KziAv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv|
18. Avjøvgv hviKvkx e‡jb-31
‫وﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺻﻄﻼح ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ واﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻟﯿﺤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ‬
A_©vr Zvdmxi I ZvÕex‡ji gv‡S †h cv_©K¨ ˆZix n‡q‡Q, Zvi KviY nj Zvdmxi
Kivi †ÿ‡Î eY©bv m~‡Îi Dci wbf©i Kiv nq| Avi ZvÕex‡ji †ÿ‡Î M‡elYvi
Dci wbf©i Kiv nq|
28. Avj~mx, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, f‚wgKv, c„. 4

29. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 152
30. cÖv¸³
31. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, c„. 183
Zvdmx‡ii cÖKvi‡f`
cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY, ûKzg AvnKvg I wnKgZ mg~‡ni D`NvUb
mvaviYZ `yÕfv‡e n‡q _v‡K| eY©bv wfwËK I eyw× wfwËK| Avi GUv‡KB ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮواﯾﺔ‬
‫ و اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﯾﺔ‬ejv n‡q _v‡K|
eY©©bv wfwËK Zvdmxi (‫)اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮواﯾﺔ‬

m~Î ci¤úiv wfwËK Zvdmxi‡K AvZ Zvdmxi wei wiIqvqvn ev eY©bv wfwËK
Zvdmxi e‡j|1 A_©vr KziAvb, mybœvn I mvnvevM‡Yi K_vgvjvi Dci wfwË K‡i †h
Zvdmxi wjwce× Kiv nq Zv-B eY©bv wfwËK Zvdmxi|2 Giƒc Zvdmxi‡K gvbK‚j
ZvdmxiI ejv nq| Bnv Zvdmxi wej gvQ~i wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ|3 me© cÖ_g Rbmg‡ÿ
Giƒc ZvdmxiB cÖKvwkZ nq| G ai‡Yi Zvdmx‡i Ávbeyw× ev BRwZnv‡ì cÖ‡qvM _v‡K
bv| ZvB Zv _v‡K hveZxq weK…wZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© gy³| gynvwÏmMY nv`xm msMÖ‡ni
kZv©byhvC mb` wfwËK cweÎ KziAv‡bi ZvdmxiI msMÖn K‡ib| AZci gydvmwmiMY
gynvwÏmM‡Yi c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i mb` wfwËK Zvdmxi PP©vq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| KziAvb
Kvix‡gi AvqvZ mg~‡ni AeZx‡Y©i †cÖÿvcU, mswÿß kãgvjv, KwVb I `~‡e©va¨ Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨v mg„× m~Î ci¤úiv wfwËK Zvdmxi Kvjµ‡g RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i| wewfbœ gbxlxI
G RvZxq Zvdmxi MÖš’ msKj‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zv‡uì AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi wewbg‡q
eY©bv wfwËK Zvdmxi kv¯¿ GKwU ¯^Zš¿ AwfÁvb iƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| G c×wZ‡Z
cÖYxZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i msL¨v A‡bK| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL†hvM¨ K‡qKwUi eY©bv wbgœiƒc-
1. Zvbfxiæj wgKBqvm wgb Zvdmx‡i Be‡b AveŸvm ‫)ﺗﻨﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﺑﻦ‬
(‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬
G MÖš’wU Avey mv‡jn Gi mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G mb‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i Bgvg
eyLvix (i.) ¯^xq mnxn MÖ‡š’ Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| mb`wU n‡”Q ‫ﻋﻦ اﺑﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﯾﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ اﺑﻲ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬
Avjøvgv wd‡ivRvev`x (i.) G MÖš’wU msKjb K‡i‡Qb|4
1. m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1990 L„. LÐ-12, c„. 185
2. hviKvbx, gvbvwnjyj Bidvb, cÖv¸³, LÐ-2, c„.14
3. hviKvbx, cÖv¸³,
4. W. Ave`yi ingvb Av‡bvqvix, Zvdmxiæj KziAvb: DrcwË I µgweKvk, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 2002, c„. 155
2. Zvdmxiæ gyRvwn` ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ‬

cÖL¨vZ ZvweC Avjøvgv gyRvwn` (g„. 103 wn.) Gi Zvdmxi mg~n mvZ L‡Ð iwPZ|
Gi GKwU cvÐzwjwc wgk‡ii `viæj KzZzwej wgmwiq¨v‡Z msiwÿZ wQj, hvi †KUvjM bs-
1075| 1964 L„. cvwK¯Ív‡bi Bmjvgvev‡` cÖwZwôZ gvRgvDj eyûwmj Bmjvwgq¨vi
D‡`¨v‡M wgmi †_‡K d‡UvKwc K‡i wb‡q G‡m kvqL Ave`yi ingvb Zvwni Beb gynv¤§`
Avm myiZx G wKZvewU m¤úv`bv K‡ib|5
3. Zvdmxiæj nvmvb Avj emix (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي‬
cÖwm× ZvweC nhiZ nvmvb Avj emix (g„. 110 wn.) GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib| wKš‘ Kv‡ji cwiµgvq Zv nvwi‡q hvq| 1992 L„. nvmvb Avj emixi Zvdmxi
msµvšÍ eY©bv¸‡jv wewfbœ MÖš’ †_‡K msMÖn K‡ib W. gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg| G msKjbwU
Kvq‡ivi Rv‡g Avj Avhnv‡ii wbKU¯’ `viæj nv`xm cÖKvkbv ms¯’v †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|6
4. Zvdmxiæ mywdqvb Avm mvIix (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺳﻔﯿﺎن اﻟﺜﻮري‬
mvBwq¨w`j ûddvh nhiZ mywdqvb Be‡b mvC` Beb gvmivK Avm mvIix (97-
161 wn.) nv`xm †_‡K Zvdmxi‡K Avjv`v K‡i Zvdmxi Avm mvIix bvgK GKwU MÖš’
iPbv K‡ib| wn›`y¯Ív‡bi ivgcy‡ii gvKZvev wi`vi jvB‡eªixqvb D¯ÍvR BgwZqvh Avjx
Avikx GwUi m¤úv`b K‡i m¤cÖwZ cÖKvk K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z êiæ‡Z `viæj KzZzwej
Bjwgq¨v †_‡KI H m¤úvw`Z cvÐzwjwci Dci wbf©i K‡i 1983 L„. GKwU bZzb ms¯‹iY
†ei Kiv nq|7
5. Zvdmxiæ Avewì ivhhvK (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق‬
Bnv Bgvg Avãyi ivhhvK Beb nv¤§vg Beb bvwdC AvmmvgAvbx Avj Bqv‡gbx
(126-211 wn.) iwPZ Zvdmxi MÖš’| nv`xm †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i me©cÖ_g †h me Zvdmxi
MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q Bnv Zb¥‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| G MÖ‡š’i `yÕwU cyivZb cvÐzwjwc cvIqv hvq|
GKwU wgk‡ii `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨vi jvB‡eªix‡Z, Ab¨wU Zzi‡¯‹i Av¼vivi KzwjøqvZzj
Bjvwnq¨vi jvB‡eªix‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q| G cvÐzwjwcØq‡K mgš^q K‡i Awfm›`f© ˆZix
Kivi gva¨‡g W. gvngy` gynv¤§` Ave`yû Rv‡g Avj Avhnv‡ii `vIqvn Abyl` †_‡K
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 157
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 158
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 159
wcGBP.wW wWMÖx jvf K‡ib| Avi †m w_wmmmn Zvdmxi MÖš’wU 1999 L„. êiæ‡Zi `viæj
KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v †_‡K wZb L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| G MÖ‡š’ gnvbex (mv.), Zvui mvnvexMY
(iv.) I ZvweCM‡Yi 3755 wU eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|8
6. Zvdmxiæb bœvmvC (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬
Bgvg Ave~ Avewì ingvb Avng` Beb ïÔAvBe Beb Avjx Avb bvmvC (215-
303 wn.) n‡jb nv`x‡mi weL¨vZ MÖš’ bvmvC kix‡di msKjK| Zvui wjwLZ GKwU
Zvdmxi MÖš’ i‡q‡Q| hvi bvg Zvdmxiæb bvmvC, GwUi GKwU d‡UvKwc g`xbv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi jvB‡eªix‡Z msiwÿZ i‡q‡Q| †KUvjM bs 497| GwU mvevix Avãyj
LvwjK Avk kvwdC I mvwq¨` Beb AveŸvm Avj Rvjxmx m¤úv`bv K‡ib, hv êiæ‡Zi
gyAvmmvmvZzj KzZzwem mvKvwdq¨v †_‡K 1410 wn./ 1990 L„. `yÕL‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| `yB
L‡Ð iwPZ G MÖ‡š’ 735wU eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|9
7. RvwgÔDj eqvb dx ZvÕexwjj KziAvb (‫) ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎوﯾﻞ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
Bgvg Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` Beb Rvixi AvZ-Zvevix (i.)10 my`xN© Pwjøk eQi hver
K‡Vvi cwikªg K‡i G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib|11 G ZvdmxiwU wiIqvqvZ wbf©i|
Gi ïiæ‡Z GKwU g~jëvb f~wgKv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mb`mn ewY©Z GB ZvdmxiwU‡Z
wK¡ivAv‡Zi ZviZg¨ eY©bv, BRgvi ¯^xK…wZ, BmivCjx wiIqvqvZ Dc¯’vcb, Bjgyj Kvjvg
welqK gvmAvjv, wdKnx gvmAvjv-gvmvB‡ji eY©bv, kv‡b byh~j eY©bv, KvIqvwq‡ì
eY©bvmn AmsL¨ welq kvwgj Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU Zvdmxi wej gvQ~i MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg| ZvB Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqv (i.) e‡jb: gvQ~‡ii gv‡S hZ Zvdmxi Av‡Q Zvdmxi
Bewb Rvixi Zvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q DrK…ó Ges Zvdmxi Beb AvwZq¨v, KziZzex, mvÔjvex
BZ¨vw` †_‡KI GwU weï× Zvdmxi MÖš’ |12
8. Bgvg Avãyi ivhhvK Beb nv¤§vg Beb bvwdC AvmmvgAvbx, Zvdmxiæ Avewì ivhhvK, `viæ KzZzwej
Bjwgq¨v, ‰eiæZ: 1999 L„. 3q LÐ, c„. 479
9. W. Ave`yi ingvb AvbIqvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 164
10. wZwb 224/225 wn. gyZvweK 838/839 L„. Aóg AveŸvmx Lwjdv gyZvwmg wejøvni kvmbvg‡j Biv‡bi
Kvw¯úqvb mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x mv‡eK Zvevwi¯Ívb eZ©gvb gvhv`vivb cÖ‡`‡ki Avg~j kn‡i GK AwfRvZ
cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb 7 eQi eq‡m KziAvbyj Kvix‡gi nvwdR nb, 12 eQi eq‡m 236 wn.
m‡b Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`k-†`kvšÍ‡i mdi K‡ib| cwi‡k‡l 310 wn. gyZvweK 923 L„. evM`v‡`
B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|
11. RvjvjDÏxb, myq~Zx, ZvevKvZzj gydvmwmixb, †j‡W‡b: 1839 L„. c„. 97
12. Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvRgyD dvZvIqv, Zvi iæÔAvmvZzj Av¤§vn, wiqv`: Zv.we. LÐ- 13, c„. 361, 388
Ave`yj nvgx` BmdvivCbx (i.) G Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ K‡i e‡jb: Òhw` †Kvb e¨w³
ïaygvÎ Zvdmxiæ Bewb Rvixi Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ Pxb mdi K‡ib GUv Zvi Rb¨ evovevwoi
wKQz n‡e bvÓ|13
8. Zvdmxiæ Avex nvwZg (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﺑﻲ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‬
Bgvg nvwdR Ave`yi ingvb Beb gynv¤§` Be‡b Bìxm Avi-ivhx Beby Avey
nvwZg (240 wn.) Biv‡bi cÖvPxb †iB eZ©gvb kvn Avãyj AvRxg kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Zvi me‡P‡q eo Ae`vb nj G Zvdmxi MÖš’| G Zvdmx‡ii c~Y©bvg- ÔZvdmxiæj
KziAvwbj Avhxg gymwb`vb ÔAvb ivm~wjjøvwn Iqvm mvnvevwZ IqvZ& ZvweCb|Õ
( ‫)ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﺴﻨﺪا ﻋﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ واﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﯿﻦ‬
Bgvg hvnvex (i.) e‡j‡Qb t ‫ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺤﺮا ﻻﺗﻜﺪره اﻟﺪﻻء‬ÔwZwb wQ‡jb Ggb mvMi, hv‡K
evjwZ w`‡q †Nvjv‡U Kiv †hZ bv|Õ14
9. Zvdmxiæ evnwij Dj~g (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺤﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬
Aveyj jvBm Beb gynv¤§` Beb Beivnxg Avj-LvZ&Zve Avm mvgviKv›`x AvZ&Zzhx Avj-
evjLx (i.) wQ‡jb nvbvdx gvhnv‡ii weL¨vZ dKxn| wZwb 301 gZvšÍ‡i 310 wn. Rb¥
MÖnY K‡ib|15 Zvui iwPZ evniæj Dj~g Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i cvÐzwjwc Kvq‡ivi `viæj KyZzwej
wgmwiq¨v‡Z msiwÿZ i‡q‡Q|16 G Zvdmx‡ii f‚wgKvq ‫ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬ev
Zvdmxi Aa¨q‡b Drmvn cÖ`vb wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Aa¨vq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G
Aa¨v‡q wZwb e‡jb: Aviex kãgvjvi fvee¨Äbv ixwZ I KziAv‡bi AvqvZ bvwh‡ji
†cÖÿvcU bv †R‡b Kv‡iv c‡ÿ ïay wbR¯^ gZvg‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i Zvdmxi Kiv Rvwqh
bq| D³ kZ©wU hvi †ÿ‡Î c~Y© n‡e bv Zvi DwPZ Zvdmxi wkÿv Kiv I gyL¯Í Kiv|
Zvdmxi Ki‡Z hvIqv DwPr bq|17
13. BqvKzZ Avj nvgvfx, gyÔRvgyj D`vev, gvZ&evÔAvZz Cmv Avj- nvjvex, Kvq‡iv: 1936 L„. LÐ- 18, c„. 42
14. Bgvg hvnvex, ZvhwKivZzj ûddvh, w`jøx: Zv. we. LÐ-3, c„. 831
15. LvqiæÏxb Avh-whwiKvbx, Avj-Avjvg, Kvq‡iv: 1954 L„. LÐ-8, c„.348
16. Aveyj jvqm mvgviKv›`x (i.), evviæj Dj~g, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ: 1413 wn. LÐ-1,
c„. 73
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 73
10. Avj Kvkd Iqvj evqvb ÔAvb Zvdmxwij KziAvb ‫)اﻟﻜﺸﻒ واﻟﺒﯿﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬
(‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
Avey BmnvK Avng` Beb Beivnxg Avm-mvÔjvex Avb& wbkvcyix (g„. 427 wn.)
iwPZ ÔAvjKvkd Iqvj evqvb ÔAvb Zvdmxwij KziAvbÕ m¤ú‡K© Beb LvwjøKvb wj‡Lb :
‫اﻟﺜﻌﻠﺒﻲ اﻟﻨﯿﺴﺎﺑﻮري اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮر ﻛﺎن اوﺣﺪ زﻣﺎﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ و ﺻﻨﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻓﺎق ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ‬
ÔmvÔjvex wbkvcyix (i.) wQ‡jb gkûi gydvmwmi| wZwb BjgyZ Zvdmx‡i Zvui hvgvbvq
GKK e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb Ges Ggb GKwU Zvdmxi iPbv K‡ib hv Ab¨ Zvdmx‡ii †P‡q DuPz
gv‡bi|Õ18
11. Avj IqvmxZ dx Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj gvRx` (‫)اﻟﻮﺳﯿﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬
Avjøvgv Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb Avng` Avj Iqvwn`x Avb wbkvcyix Avk
kvwdC (398-427 wn.) iwPZ ÔAvj-IqvmxZ dx Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj gvRx`Õ MÖš’wU
Zvdmxi wej gvQ~i I Zvdmxi wej gvÔK~j Gi mgš^‡q iwPZ| G MÖš’wU Pvi L‡Ð 1415
wn./1994 L„. êiæ‡Zi `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|19
12. gvÔwjgyZ Zvbhxj ( ‫) ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ‬
Bgvg Ave~ gynv¤§` Avj-†nvmvBb Beb gynv¤§` Avj-dviiv Avj evMvfx (g„.-510
wn.) iwPZ gvÔAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj (‫ ) ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ‬wKZvewU gIh~ I we`ÔAvZ gy³
Zvdmxi|20
13. Zvdmxiæ Bewb AvZxq¨vn (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﯿﺔ‬
Avjøvgv Ave~ gynv¤§` Ave`yj nK Beb Mvwje Beb AvZxq¨vn Avj Av›`vjymx Avj
gvMwiex Avj Mvibv_x (481-546 wn.) iwPZ ÔAvj gynviviæj IqvRxh dx Zvdmxwij
wKZvwej AvhxhÕ (‫ ) اﻟﻤﺤﺮر اﻟﻮﺟﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ‬ZvdmxiwU `k L‡Ð wjwLZ
GKwU cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖš’| hv Zvdmxiæ Bewb AvZxq¨vn (‫ ) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﯿﮫ‬bv‡g
cwiwPZ|21 Be‡b Lvj`y‡bi g‡Z G ZvdmxiwU gi‡°v I †¯úbxq AÂ‡j eûj cÖwm× GK
Zvdmxi MÖš’ |
18. Beb LvwjøKvb, cÖv¸³, L- 1, c„. 79

19. Avjøvgv mvgmyÏxb `vD`x, ZvevKvZzj gydvmwmixb, `v‡g¯‹: 1370 wn. L-1, c„. 395
20. Beb Zvqwgq¨vn, gvRgyD dvZvIqv, cÖv¸³, L- 13, c„. 354
21. Avey nvBq¨vb-Avj evniyj gynxZ, `viæj wdKi, êiæZ: 1992 L„. L-13, c„. 9
14. Zvdmxiæj KziAvwbj AvRxg ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬

Avjøvgv Aveyj wd`v BgvgyÏxb BmgvCj Be‡b Kvmxi (700 wn./1300 L„.) iwPZ
Zvdmxiæj KziAvwbj AvRxg Pvi L‡Ð wjwLZ GKwU cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖš’| GwU Zvdmx‡i
Zvevixi ciB e„nËg Zvdmxi MÖš’ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G Zvdmxi‡K D¤§yZ Zvdvmxi ejv
nq| 22
15. Avj RvIqvwniæj wnmvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvb (‫)اﻟﺠﻮاھﺮ اﻟﺤﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
Bgvg mvÔAvjvex (i.) iwPZ ÔAvj RvIqvwniæj wnmvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvbÕ
MÖš’wU Pvi L‡Ð êiæZ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G Zvdmxi MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Bgvg Avh-hvnvex
e‡jb: ‫ﻓﺎن اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﺨﻼﺻﺎت ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻔﯿﺪة و ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺸﻮ و‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻞ واﻻﺳﺘﻄﺮاد اﻟﻤﻞ‬
Ôwbðq G wKZvewU LyeB DcKvix| Ab¨vb¨ DcKvix MÖš’ mgy‡ni mvi ms‡ÿ‡c cwic~Y©|
Avi GB MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z welq mg~n Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’i Zzjbvq ÎæwU, mskq I weo¤^bv gy³Õ|23
16. Zvdmxiæ dvZwnj Kv`xi (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬
Avjøvgv Kvhx gynv¤§` Be‡b Avjx Avk kvIKvbx Avj Bqv‡gbx (g„. 1250 wn.)
iwPZ ÔdvZûj Kv`xiÕ MÖš’wU ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ و اﻟﺪراﯾﺔ‬ev wiIqvqvZ I wìvqvZ
mgwš^Z Zvdmxi MÖš’| 1229 wn. m‡b G MÖš’ iPbv mgvß nq| cieZ©x‡Z GwU e„nr cvuPwU
L‡Ð Qvcv nq|24 GQvovI Bgvg Beby gvRvn (i.), Bgvg Beby nveŸvb (i.) I Bgvg
Be‡b Avwe kvqev (i.) mn Av‡iv A‡b‡KB eY©bv g~jK Zvdmxi msKjb K‡i‡Qb|
eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi (‫)اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﯾﺔ‬
Avi Zvdmx‡ii wØZxq cÖKvi nj eyw× wfwËK Zvdmx| m~Î ci¤úiv wenxb aviYv
cÖm~Z I M‡elYv g~jK Zvdmxi‡K AvZ& Zvdmxi we`wìvqvn ejv nq|25
22. Beb Lvj`yb, Avj gyKvÏvgv, Avi kviwdq¨v, wgki: 1327 wn. L-2, c„. 251
23. Avh hvnvex, cÖv¸³, LÐ-1, c„. 252
24. W. Avãyi ingvb AvbIqvix, Zvdmxiæj KziAvb: DrcwË I µgweKvk, MÖv¸³, c„. 20
25. hviKvbx, gvbvwnjyj Bidvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 517
Giƒc Zvdmxi `~‡ev©a¨ Ges gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z iwPZ| Zvdmxi we`wìvqv‡Z
ZvÕex‡ji cÖvavb¨ _v‡K|26 Avi GwU n‡”Q Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbvi wØZxq aviv| G avivq
iwPZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ KziAvb w`‡q KziAv‡bi ZvdmxiI nv`xm w`‡q KziAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii
mv‡_ mv‡_ c~e©eZ©x gydvmwmiM‡Yi D×„wZ ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q| Gme MÖ‡š’ Dj~gyj KziAv‡bi kZ©
gyZvweK gydvmwmi wb‡Ri AwfÁZv I M‡elYv Kv‡R jvwM‡q AwR©Z Bj‡gi gva¨‡g hyM
wRÁvmvi mgvavbI †ck K‡i _v‡Kb| Gme Zvdmxi MÖš’vejxi †KvbwU‡Z `k©b I
hyw³we`¨v, †KvbwU‡Z bvû-Qid, Avevi †KvbwU‡Z HwZnvwmK Av‡jvPbv e¨vcK AvKv‡i
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Avevi †KvbwU‡Z KziAv‡bi m~²vwZm~² welq I inm¨ D`NvUb cÖvavb¨
†c‡q‡Q|
Avj KziAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii †ÿ‡Î eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi MÖnYxq wK-bv G wel‡q
`yÕwU gZvgZ cvIqv hvq| GK`j Avwjg g‡b K‡ib- cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Kivi
†ÿ‡Î eyw× wfwËK Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb AeKvk †bB| Av‡iK `j Avwj‡gi g‡Z- eY©bv
wfwËK Zvdmxi mnR‡eva¨ Kivi myweav‡_© kã I evK¨ we‡kølYmn M‡elYv g~jK Zvdmxi
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|27
eyw× wfwËK Zvdmx‡ii wecÿ Aej¤^bKvixMY Zvu‡ì Awfg‡Zi c‡ÿ cÖgvY
wn‡m‡e e‡jb- ‫ﻗﺎل رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﺮاﯾﮫ ﻓﺎﺻﺎب ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫أﺧﻄﺄ‬
Ôivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb- †h e¨w³ Avj KziAv‡bi e¨vcv‡i aviYv cÖm~Z K_v ejj, Zv‡Z †m
hw` wVKI K‡i ZeyI †m fzj Kij|Õ28
ivm~j (mv.) Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb- ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﯿﺘﺒﻮأ ﻣﻘﻌﺪه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎر‬
Ô‡h e¨w³ bv †R‡b KziAv‡bi e¨vcv‡i K_v e‡j †m †hb Zvi wVKvbv Rvnvbœv‡g evwb‡q
iv‡LÕ|29
Avi Zvdmxi we`wìvqvn Gi cÿvej¤^bKvixMY Zvdmxi we`wìvqvn Gi
we‡ivaxZvKvix‡ì Awf‡hv‡Mi Rev‡e e‡jb- aviYv cÖm~Z ev eyw×-wfwËK Zvdmxi Kivi
wb‡lavÁv Avj KziAv‡bi AwZ `~‡e©va¨ Ask Ges Avqv‡Z gyZvkvwen Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
†Kbbv Giƒc †ÿ‡Î bex Kvixg (mv.) I mvnvevM‡Yi my¯úó eY©bv e¨ZxZ Zvdmxi Kiv
hvq bv|
26. m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx we‡k¦‡Kvl, cÖv¸³, 12k LÐ, c„. 185
27. hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, c„. 256
28. wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, `viæj Kjg, êiæZ: Zv. we. 2q LÐ, c„. 157
29. cÖv¸³
Avi Zvdmxi wei iv‡qi wb‡lavÁv H e¨w³i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ †h mZ¨ I weï× cš’v †R‡bI
Zv D‡cÿv K‡i Ges aviYv cÖm~Z åvšÍ w`K‡K B”QvK…Z fv‡e cÖvavb¨ †`q|30 `jxj
wnmv‡e Zvuiv D‡jøL K‡ib- eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi hw` mKj †ÿ‡Î wbwl× nZ, Zvn‡j
BRwZnv‡ì AeKvk _vKZ bv Ges mvnvevMY (iv.) †_‡KI GKB k‡ãi wewfbœ ai‡Yi
Zvdmxi cvIqv †hZ bv| mvnvevM‡Yi Zvdmx‡ii g‡a¨ Ggb A‡bK e³e¨ i‡q‡Q
†h¸‡jvi GKwU Av‡iKwUi mv`„k¨ bq|31 G Qvov nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †K ivm~j
(mv.) `yÔAv K‡i e‡jb- ‫ اﻟﻠﮭﻢ ﻓﻘﮭﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ وﻋﻠﻤﮫ اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ‬Ô‡n Avjøvn! Avcwb Zvu‡K
Øxwb wel‡q Mfxi Ávb `vb Kiæb Ges Zv‡K ZvÕexj wkÿv w`b|Õ32 G nv`x‡m ZvÕexj
Øviv wiIqvqvZ wfwËK eY©bv‡K eySv‡bv nqwb; eis M‡elYv I m~²Ávb eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|33
cweÎ KziAv‡bI Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv KziAvb wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb- ‫اﻓﻼ ﯾﺘﺪﺑﺮون اﻟﻘﺮآن ام ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻮب اﻗﻔﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬
ÔZviv wK KziAvb m¤ú‡K© Mfxi wPšÍv-fvebv K‡ibv, bv Zv‡ì AšÍi Zvjve×?Õ34
D‡jøwLZ weZ‡K©i mgvav‡b Bgvg hvnvex (i.) e‡jb-35 eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi `yÕcÖKvi n‡q
_v‡K| GK cÖKvi nj- gvngy` ev cÖkswmZ, Av‡iK cÖKvi nj- gvhg~g ev wb›`bxq|
gvngy` ch©v‡qi eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi ZvÕexj iƒ‡c M„wnZ| G RvZxq Zvdmx‡i we‡klZ
fvlvMZ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j Zvdmxi‡K mnR‡eva¨ fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| Avi
wØZxq cÖKvi n‡jv- mwVK Zvdmxi ev` w`‡q B”QvK…Z fv‡e fyj I åvšÍ aviYvi Av‡jv‡K
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb Kiv| Avi GUv‡K nv`x‡m K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30 Aa¨vcK nvixix, Zvix‡L Zvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 146

31. Be‡b Lvj`yb, gyKvwÏgv, cÖv¸³, c„. 384
32. D×„Z: Mvhvjx, GnBqv‡q Dj~gyÏxb, w`jøx: Zv.we. 3q LÐ, c„.136
33. m¤úv`bv cwil`, `vBivZzj gvÔAvwid, cÖv¸³, 6ô LÐ, c„. 501
34. Avj KziAvb, 47 : 24
35. hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 256
gvngy` ch©v‡qi Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i msL¨v A‡bK| wb‡gœ K‡qKwUi cwiPq Zz‡j aiv nj :
1. AvbbyKvZz Iqvj ÔDq~b dx Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj Kvixg- ‫)اﻟﻨﻜﺖ واﻟﻌﯿﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬

(‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬: Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb gynv¤§` Beb nvexe Avj-gvIqvi`x Avj-emix
Avk&-kvwdC (i.) -36 weiwPZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ ÔAvbbyKvZy Iqvj ÔDq~b dx Zvdmxwij
KziAvwbj KvixgÕ Gi GKwU cvÐzwjwc Zzi‡¯‹i B¯Ív¤^yj jvB‡eªix‡Z cvIqv hvq, hv m¤cÖwZ
êiæ‡Zi `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v †_‡K e„nr 6 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|37
2. Zvdmxiæ gvdvZxwnj MvBe (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﻐﯿﺐ‬
Bgvg dLiæÏxb Ave~ Avew`jøvn gynv¤§` Beb Dgi Beb †nvmvBb Beb nvmvb
Avjx Avi-ivhx (i.) 25 ighvb 544 wn. gZvweK 1149 L„. Biv‡bi cÖvPxb †iB kni
eZ©gvb kvn Ave`yj AvRx‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|38 AvU L‡Ð iwPZ Zvui Zvdmxi MÖš’
ÔZvdmxiæj gvdvZxwnj MvBeÕ mgMÖ we‡k¦ Zvdmx‡i Kvexi (‫ ) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬bv‡g L¨vZ|
559 wn. wZwb G Zvdmxi MÖš’ †jLv ïiæ K‡ib Ges m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv Avj dvZ&n
ch©šÍ †jLvi ci wZwb BwšÍKvj|39 Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (i.) Gi g‡Z Avng` Beb
gynv¤§` Avj gvLh~gx (i.) dLiæÏxb ivhxi Am¤ú~Y© ZvdmxiwU‡K m¤ú~Y© K‡ib|
36. Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Be‡b †gvnv¤§` Be‡b nvwee Avk&-kvwdC 364 wn. gyZvweK 974 L„. emivq
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi es‡ki †jvKRb †MvjvcR‡ji eëmv Ki‡Zb| G Rb¨ Zvu‡K gvIqvi`x ejv nZ|
evj¨Kv‡jB wZwb nv`xm, Zvdmxi I wdKvn kv‡¯¿ D”P wkÿv jvf K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb Aviex fvlv,
mvwnZ¨, `k©b, ivóªweÁvb, mgvRweÁvb I bxwZkv‡¯¿ myMfxi cvwÐ‡Zï AwaKvix| †Kvb †Kvb
HwZnvwmK Avjøvgv gvIqvi`x (i.) †K gyÔZvwhjv gZv`‡k©i Abymvix wQ‡jb e‡j Awf‡hvM K‡ib |
Avjøvgv LvZxe Avj-evM`v`x (i.) Ges Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (i.) mn Ab‡K gynvwÏm Zvu‡K
wmKvn Z_v wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (i.) e‡jbt ‫ﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ان ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﻋﺘﺰال‬ÔgyÔZvwhjv bv‡g Zvu‡K AewnZ Kiv DwPZ bqÕ| Zvdmxi MÖš’ QvovI Zuvi iwPZ
Avj AvnKvgym myjZvwbqv, Av`veyj Ihxi, Av`vey` `ybBqv Iqv` Øxb, Avjvgyb bveyIqvn, Av`veyj
Kvhx, bmxnvZzj gyjK, Avj nvwfDj Kvexi BZ¨vw` wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ Abb¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Avjøvgv
gvIqvi`x (i.) 450 wn. iweDj AvDqvj gv‡m BwšÍKvj K‡ib| evM`v‡ì ev‡e nvie Kei¯’v‡b Zuv‡K
`vdb Kiv nq| (Beb nvRvi Avj AvmKvjvbx (i.), wjmvbyj wghvb, `viæj wdKi, êiæZ: Zv.we. ms-
2, L-4, c„. 260.)
37. (D×„Z: Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, nhiZ LvRv Ave`yjøvn Avbmvix I iwk`ywÏb †gBeyÏx (i.)
Kvkdzj Avmivi Iqv DÏvZzj Avievi Zvdmxi MÖš’ (wcGBP,wW, Awfm›`f- 2004), c„. 205,
38. W. ûmvBb Avh hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 200
39. Beb LvwjøvKvb, IqvwdBqvZzj AvÔBqvb dx Av¤^vD AvebvBh hvgvb, `viæ wKZvwej Avivex, êiæZ: 1414 wn.
L-4, c„. 252
Kvkdzh hyb~b MÖš’Kvi nvRx Lwjdv (i.)40 Gi g‡Z wknve DÏxb Beb Ljxj G Am¤ú~Y©
KvRwU mgvß K‡ib|41 wek¦weL¨vZ G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ `k©b, MwYZ kv¯¿, gyÔZvwhjv `k©b I
Zvi Reve, hyw³we`¨v, cÖvK…wZK weÁvb, Bjgyj wdK&n, Dm~j, wK¡ivAvZ, bvû, evjvMvZmn
AmsL¨ wel‡qi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU‡Z cÖvPxb I AvaywbK KweZvi gva¨‡g k‡ãi
Zvrch© Dc¯’vcb, cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g e³e¨‡K mn‡R Abyaveb †hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjvi
PgrKvi kã fvÐv‡ii mgvnvi n‡q‡Q| Beb LvwjøKvb (i.) G MÖ‡š’i cÖksmvq e‡jb:
‫اﻧﮫ اي اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟﺮازي ﺟﻤﻊ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻛﻞ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ و ﻏﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬
ÔwZwb A_©vr dLiæi ivhx Zuvi Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ AmsL¨ `y®cÖvc¨ I `y‡e©va¨ wel‡qi mgv‡ek
NwU‡q‡Qb|Õ42
3. hv`yi gvmxi dx BjwgZ Zvdmxi (‫) زاد اﻟﻤﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬
Aveyj dviR Ave`yi ingvb Beb Avjx Beb gynv¤§` Avj RvIhx Avj Kzivkx
Avj-evM`v`x (g„. 597 wn.) iwPZ-hv`yj gvmxi dx BjwgZ Zvdmxi MÖš’wU 9 L‡Ð wjwLZ
GK Abb¨ Zvdmxi MÖš’| G Zvdmx‡i wiIqvqvZ I wìvqv‡Zi mw¤§wjZ eY©bv mvjwd
mvwjnx‡bi gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z mnR‡eva¨ I ¯úó AvKv‡i Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Bebyj RvIhx iwPZ wZb kZvwaK MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Zuvi Zvdmxi MÖš’wU me‡P‡q cÖwmw× jvf
K‡i‡Q| Zvi G Zvdmxi c~e© I cieZ©xKv‡ji gydvmwmiM‡Yi gv‡S †mZz eÜb iPbv
K‡i‡Q| mwZ¨B G MÖš’ Ôhv`yj gvmxiÕ ev mnR cv‡_q|43
4. AvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj Iqv AvmiviæZ ZvÕexj (‫) اﻧﻮار اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ و اﺳﺮار اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ‬
Avjøvgv Kvhx bvwmiæÏxb Aveyj LvBi Ave`yjøvn Beb Dgi Beb gynv¤§` Beb Avjx
Avj-evqhvex (i.)44 iwPZ ÔAvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj Iqv AvmiviæZ ZvÕexjÕ Zvdmxi MÖš’wU
eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| wZwb G MÖ‡š’ Avj-Kvkkvd Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’
ewY©Z gyÔZvwhjv AvKx`v mg~n LÐb K‡i Kvkkvd †_‡K D×„Z K‡i Aviex e¨vKiY I
evjvMv‡Zi wewfbœ gvmqvjvi mgvavb †ck K‡ib|
40. nvRx Ljxdv: Avjøvgv Avk kvqL gy¯Ídv Avj- Avwd›`x nvRx Ljxdv bv‡g cÖwm×| 1017 wn. wZwb Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| cÖL¨vZ HwZnvwmK wn‡m‡e Zvui L¨vwZ i‡q‡Q| Kvkdzh hyb~b dx Avmvgxj KzZz‡e Iqvj dzb~‡b ( ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫) اﻟﻈﻨﻮن ﻓﻲ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ و اﻟﻔﻨﻮن‬, wKZveyj LvivwqZ (‫ ) ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬ev gvbwPÎ MÖš’ Ges wKZvey ZvKexwg
IqvZ ZvIqvwiL ( ‫ ) ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﻘﻮﯾﻢ واﻟﺘﻮارﯾﺦ‬MÖš’ iPbv K‡i wZwb †h Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb Zv mwZ¨B Abb¨|
1068 wn. G gnvb gbxlx eZ©gvb Zzi‡¯‹i B¯Ív¤^y‡j BwšÍKvj K‡ib| (BmgvBj cvkv Avj evM`v`x, nvw`qvZzj
Avwidxb Iqv AvmgvDj gyqvwjøvdxb Iqv Avmviæj gymvwbœdxb, `viæ Gn BqvB Zzivwmj Avivex, êiæZ: Zv.we.
L-2, c„. 441
41. nvRx Ljxdv, Kvkdzh hyb~b, `viæj wdKi, `v‡gkK: 1402 wn. c„. 1756
42. Beb LvwjøKvb, cÖv¸³, L-4, c„. 187
43. gynv¤§` hynv‡qi Avk-kvIqvk, gvwjK, Avj gvKZve/ Avj Bmjvgx, `v‡g¯‹: 1964 L„. c„.5
44. KvRx bvwmi DwÏb evqhvex: Zvdmxi RM‡Zi L¨vwZgvb e¨w³Z¡ Bgvg evqhvex (i.) Biv‡bi cÖwm× bMix
wmiv‡Ri AšÍ©MZ evqhv kn‡ii GK AwfRvZ cwiev‡i AvZv‡eKx kvmbKZ©v Avey eKi mv` (613-658wn.) Gi
kvmbvg‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wcZvi bvg Dgvi| wZwb Kvhx bvwmiæwÏb evqhvex bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| wcZvgvZv
`yÕR‡bi cvwÐ‡Z¨ L¨vwZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y evqhvexi cÖv_wgK wkÿv cwiev‡iB mgvß nq| mgKvjxb cÖL¨vZ
`k©b I hyw³i-‡ÿ‡Î Bgvg ivhx (i.) iwPZ Zvdmxi Avj-Kvexi MÖ‡š’i mvnvh¨ wb‡q‡Qb|
Bjgyj wK¡ivAv‡Zi eY©bv, Aviex e¨vKiYMZ we‡kølY, gv‡S gv‡S Aviex KweZv
Dc¯’vcb, wdKnx gvmvwq‡ji Av‡jvPbv wZwb AZ¨šÍ PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
fvlvMZ we‡kølY, m~² I †Mvcb ZË¡¸‡jv eY©bvq Bgvg ivwMe B¯úvnvbx (i.) Gi
Avjgydiv`vZ MÖ‡š’i mnvqZv wb‡q‡Qb| Z‡e D‡jøwLZ welq¸‡jv‡Z wbR¯^ gZvg‡Zi
wgkªY NwU‡q Zv‡Z Z‡Ë¡i MfxiZv I cÖmiZv weavb K‡i‡Qb|45 weÁv‡bi m~Î m¤úK©xq
AvqvZ mg~‡ni e¨vL¨v wbR¯^ AvswM‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| BmivCjx eY©bv G‡b AZxZ NUbv
cÖev‡ni we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv †ck K‡i‡Qb| Avqv‡Zi Zvdmx‡i e¨vcKfv‡e nv`xm D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb| G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© nvRx Ljxdv (i.) wj‡Lb:
‫ھﺬا ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﺎن ﻏﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن ﻟﺨﺺ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺸﺎف ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺮاب واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫واﻟﺒﯿﺎن و ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ واﻟﻜﻼم وﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺮاﻏﺐ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق و ﻏﻮاﻣﺾ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ و ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
ÔGB wKZve Ggb GKwU g~jëvb MÖš’ hvi eY©bv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| BÔive, gvÔAvbx I
eqvb msµvšÍ wel‡q Kvkkvd †_‡K, weÁvb I AvKvC` m¤ú‡K© Zvdmxi Avj-Kvexi
†_‡K Avi kvwãK my² I M~p inm¨ D`NvU‡b Bgvg ivwM‡ei Avjgydiv`vZ †_‡K
mn‡hvMxZv ‡bqv n‡q‡Q|Õ46 GK K_vq ejv hvq, KziAvb gRx‡ì Z_¨, ZË¡ Ges M~p
inm¨ D`NvU‡b Zvdmx‡i evqhvex Abb¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q|
AvwjgM‡Yi mvwbœ‡a¨ †_‡K wZwb KziAvb, nv`xm, wdKn, BZnvm mn wewfbœ wel‡q ÁvbvR©b K‡ib| D”P wkÿvi
Rb¨ wZwb Zveix‡h Mgb K‡i Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq ey¨rcwË AR©b K‡ib| cÖw_Zhkv Ávbwe`‡ì †_‡K
ÁvbvR©‡bi ci wZwb wmiv‡Ri wePvicwZi c` AjsK…Z K‡ib| 683 wn. mv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ wZwb G c‡` AwawôZ
wQ‡jb| Bgvg evqhvex Rxe‡bi †kl w`‡K wePvi‡Ki c` †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †bqvi ci AvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj iPbv
K‡ib| Z‡e HwZnvwmK Z_¨vbyhvC Rvbv hvq, Bgvg evqhvex‡K c`Pz¨Z Kiv nqwb; eis wZwb Zvui kvqL gynv¤§`
Avj KvZnvZvBi Av‡`kµ‡g wePvi‡Ki c` †Q‡o †`b| Bgvg evqhvex Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq A‡bK¸‡jv
g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v welqK MÖš’ AvbIqviæZ Zvbwhj Iqv AvmiviæZ ZvÕexjÕ
MÖš’Lvwb Zvdmxi AwfÁv‡b e¨wZµgag©x gyjëvb ms‡hvRb| MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z Avj KzAv‡bi BRvh I ¸p inm¨
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i evqhvex Zvui MÖš’wU‡K ¯^Zš¿ c×wZi Zvdmxi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ K‡i‡Qb| Zvui MÖ‡š’
Zvdmxiæj KziAvb wej KziAvb c×wZI Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| Zvui G MÖš’wU KziAv‡bi AZzjbxq MÖš’ wn‡m‡e
wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q mgv`„Z| G Zvdmxi MÖš’ QvovI Bgvg evqhvex (i.) Avjwgbhvn, AvZZvIqvwj bvgK Abe`¨
`yÕwU MÖš’ †i‡L †M‡Qb hv me©Rb ¯^xK…Z| wZwb 685 gZvšÍ‡i 691 wnRix‡Z Biv‡bi cÖwm× bMix Zvewi‡h
BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Zvui †kl B”Qv AbyhvC Zvu‡K Zuvi kvq‡Li Ke‡ii cv‡k mgvwnZ Kiv nq| (W.hvnvex, AvZ
Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmmxiæb, cÖv¸³, L-1, c„. 296-203)
45. gywnDwÏb kvqL hv`vn, nvwkqv kvqL hv`vn Avjv Zvdmxwi evqhvex, `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v, ‰eiæZ:
1999 L„. 1419 wn., L-1, c„. 4
46. W. gynv¤§` †ejvj †nvmvBb, AvjKvhx bvwmi DwÏb Avj evqhvex Iqv Avmiæû dx Zvdmxwij KziAvb,
gviKvhyj eyûwmj Bmjvwgqv, ivRkvnx: c„. 120
5. gv`vwiKzZ Zvbhxj Iqv nvKvBKyZ ZvÕexj (‫) ﻣﺪارك اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ و ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ‬
Bgvg Aveyj evivKvZ Ave`yjøvn Beb gynv¤§` Avb-bvmvdx Avj nvbvdx47 wQ‡jb
gydvmwmi, gynvwÏm, dKxn I Dm~‡j wdK&n G cvi`k©x Abb¨ GK e¨w³Z¡| Zuvi weiwPZ
Kvbhy` `vKvBK, Avjgvbvi, Dg`vn MÖš’ mg~n wek¦weL¨vZ| Z‡e Zvdmxi wel‡q
Ôgv`vwiKzZ Zvbhxj Iqv nvKvwqKyZ ZvÕexjÕ (‫ ) ﻣﺪارك اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ و ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﺎوﯾﻞ‬MÖš’wU

me©Rb ¯^xK…Z| G‡Z wK¡ivAvZ, BÔive, wdKnx gvmqvjv-gvmvwqj I BmivBjx eY©bv
mg~‡ni g~jëvb Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ Kvkkvd MÖš’Kvi †h gvIh~ ev `ye©j
nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv cwiZ¨vM Kiv n‡q‡Q|48 jv‡nv‡ii `viæ bvkwij KzZzwej
Bmjvwgq¨v I ‰eiæ‡Zi `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v †_‡K Zv 3 L‡Ð Qvcv n‡q‡Q|
6. Zvdmxiæj Lvwhb (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﺎزن‬
Bgvg AvjvDÏxb Aveyj nvmvb AvC Beb gynv¤§` Beb Beivnxg Avjx evM`v`x
(680-741 wn.) iwPZ jyeveyZ ZvÕexj dx gvÔAvwbZ Zvbhxj ( ‫ﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎوﯾﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ ) اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ‬MÖš’wU Zvdmx‡i Lvwhb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ| G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z BjgyZ
Zvdmxi I Dj~gyj KziAvb msµvšÍ GKwU AZxe g~jëvb f‚wgKv ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G MÖ‡š’ m~iv I Avqv‡Zi wkÿYxq welq, ¸pinm¨, Ava¨vwZ¥K Zvrch©, nv`xm eY©bvi
AvwaK¨, HwZnvwmK NUbvi we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv mnR I mvejxj fvlvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
D‡jøwLZ ‰ewkó¨vejx Øviv G MÖš’Lvwb wPi mgy¾j n‡q Av‡Q|49
47. Bgvg Avbbvmvdx (i.): Bgvg Aveyj evivKvZ Ave`yjøvn Beb Avng` Beb gvng~` Avj nvbvdx Avbbvmvdx
ZzwK©¯’v‡bi gvIivDbœvnv‡ii mvM`xqvbv cÖ‡`‡ki AšÍM©Z bvmvd bvgK ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi Rb¥ ZvwiL
BwZnv‡m D‡jøL cvIqv hvq bv| nvbvdx dKxn I ag©ZË¡we` wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb †m Kv‡ji GKRb L¨vwZgvb
cyiæl| cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvwßi ci wZwb mgKvjxb weL¨vZ AvwjgM‡Yi mvwbœ‡a¨ Mgb K‡ib| Zvu‡ì KvQ †_‡K
Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdK&n, Dm~j BZ¨vw` wel‡q Ávb AR©b K‡ib| wZwb wKigv‡bi AvjKzZweq¨v AvmmyjZvwbq¨v
gvìvmvq Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| GLv‡b Zvdmxi I nv`xm wel‡q Aa¨vcbv Ki‡jI wZwb wdK&n kv‡¯¿B
†ekx ey¨rcwË AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi iwPZ Avjgvbvi I Kvbhy` `vKvBK MÖ‡š’ Zuvi cÖgvY wg‡j| AmvaviY
cvwÐ‡Zï †Qvuqv GB MÖ‡š’ jÿŸxq| wewfbœ wel‡q Zvui ‡jLv‡jwL jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| Zvui iwPZ eB mg~‡ni g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q- 1. gv`vwiKzZ Zvbwhj Iqv nvKvwqKzZ ZvÕexj, 2. Avjgvbvi, 3. Kvkdzj Avmivi, 4. Kvbhy` `vKvBK,
5. AvjKvdx, 6.AvjIqvdx, 7. Avjgvbvdx, 8. Avjgymvddv, 9. Avj BwZKv` wdj BwZdv`, 10.
AvjgymZvkdv cÖf…wZ| Z‡e Gme MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ weL¨vZ MÖš’ n‡”Q gv`vwiKzZ Zvbwhj I nvKvwqKzZ Zxwej|
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi AvwK`vi Av‡jv‡K iwPZ G Zvdmxi‡K evqhvex I Kvkkv‡di mswÿßmvi
g‡b Kiv nq| G MÖ‡š’ gyÔZvwhjx AvwK`vi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| PwiZKvi‡ì fvl¨g‡Z, wZwb 710wn./1310
L„. evM`v‡` BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Zuv‡K evM`v‡ì AvBqvR bvg ¯’v‡b `vdb Kiv nq| (Zvdmxi gv`vwiKzZ Zvbhxj,
f‚wgKv, c„. 7-9; W. hvnvex, Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, c„. 304-307)
48. W. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 304-307
49. cÖv¸³. c„. 310
7. Zvdmxiæj RvjvjvBb (‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺠﻼﻟﯿﻦ‬
Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avng` gnjøx (g„.864 wn.) Ges Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb
myq~Zx (g„. 911 wn.) Gi mgwš^Z Ae`vb Zvdmxiæj RvjvjvBb|
RvjvjyÏxb gnjøx (i.) m~iv Avj-Kvnvd n‡Z m~iv Avbbvm ch©šÍ Ges m~iv Avj-dvwZnvi
Zvdmxi K‡ib| G Rb¨B G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ m~iv Avj dvwZnvi Zvdmxi me©‡k‡l
mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|50 cweÎ KziAv‡bi evKx AskUzKz Zvdmxi K‡ib Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb
myq~Zx (i.)| kv‡b byh~j eY©bv, kvwãK e¨vL¨v, Aviex e¨vKi‡Yi Dc¯’vcbv, wK¡ivAvZ
m¤ú‡K© m~² I mswÿß Av‡jvPbv, m‡ev©cwi Gi DuPz ¯Í‡ii Zvdmxi cvVK‡ì Rb¨
¯§iwYKv ev MvBWey‡Ki KvR K‡i| mnR mij e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb I gvm~i I gvÔKzj Dfq
avivi mgwš^Z Zvdmxi nIqvq mgMÖ we‡k¦ G Zvdmxi MÖš’ mgwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨|51
8. Zvdmxiæ Avexm mvÔD` ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﺑﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮد‬
Avjøvgv Ave~ mvÔD` gynv¤§` Beb gynv¤§` Beb gy¯Ívdv Zvnvfx Avj Avgv`x Avj
nvbvdx (i.) iwPZ Zvdmxiæ Avwem mvÔD` GKwU weL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖš’| G gnvb gbxlx
Kb÷vw›U‡bvc‡ji mwbœK‡U 893 wn. m‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zzi‡¯‹i wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b
†jLvcov K‡i Ávbx gbxlx wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| cÖ_‡g iImv GjvKvq cieZ©x‡Z
Kb÷vw›U‡bvc‡ji wePviK wn‡m‡e 8 eQi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Gici cÖvq wÎk eQi
dvZIqv wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|52 AZci 982 wn. Kb÷vw›U‡bvcj kn‡i
BwšÍKvj Ki‡j nhiZ Avey AvBDe Avbmvix (iv.) Gi Ke‡ii cv‡k Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv
nq| Zuvi weiwPZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i c~Y© bvg ÔBikv`yj AvKwjm mvjxg Bjv gvhvBqvj
wKZvwej Kvixg ( ‫ |) ارﺷﺎد اﻟﻌﻘﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬G MÖ‡š’i bvg †_‡KB
eySv hvq Zuvi G wKZveLvbv Zvdmxi gvÔK~j ev eyw× wfwËK M‡elYvi dmj| Aviex
e¨vKiYMZ ch©v‡jvPbv, Avqv‡Zi c~e©vci m¤úK© Dc¯’vcb BZ¨vw` êwk‡óï d‡j G MÖš’
KziAvb M‡elK‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| Zuvi G Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ ZyK©x
myjZvb myjvqgvb Zvu‡K cyi¯‹…Z K‡ib|53
50. cÖv¸³, c„. 332-334

51. cÖv¸³.c„.310
52. W. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 334-350
53. cÖv¸³, c„. 334-350
9. Zvdmxiæ iƒwnj evqvb ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ روح اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬

wek¦weL¨vZ gydvmwmi kvqL BmgvBj (i.) Zzi‡¯‹i GwWªb kn‡ii wbKUeZ©x
AvB‡Wvm kn‡i 1036 wn. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|54 Zuvi wcZvi bvg wQj gy¯Ídv Avwd›`x|
kvqL BmgvBj Aviex mvwnZ¨, e¨vKiY, hyw³we`¨v, AvKvB`, Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdK&n
Ges Bjgyj gvÔwidv‡Z myMfxi cvwÐ‡Zï AwaKvix wQ‡jb| cÖ_‡g Zzi‡¯‹i DmKze
GjvKvq cieZ©x‡Z eymivq Øxwb `vIqv‡Zi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwb 106 Lvbv MÖš’
iPbv K‡ib| 60 Lvbv ZzK©x Avi evKx¸‡jv Aviex fvlvq iwPZ| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg MÖš’
nj: GK. iƒûj evqvb (‫` ) روح اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬yB. iƒûj gvmbex (‫ ) روح اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻮي‬wZb. dvivûi
iƒn (‫ ) ﻓﺮاح اﻟﺮوح‬Pvi. Kvbhyj gvLdx (‫ )ﻛﻨﺰ اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻲ‬cvPu. wKZveyb bvZxRv ( ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬
‫|)اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
wZwb ivwkqv, †ivgvb AÂjmn wewfbœ Øxwb `vIqvZx †K‡›`ª Avj KziAv‡bi †h
Zvdmxi †ck K‡ib Zuvi QvÎMY Zv wjwce× Ki‡j cieZ©x‡Z Gme cvÐzwjwc MÖš’Kv‡i
msKwjZ n‡q ÔZvdmx‡i iƒwnj evqvbÕ AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| G m¤úv`bvi KvR mgvß
nq 1117 wn. 14B Rgvw`Dj ÔDjv e„n¯úwZevi| `k L‡Ð G MÖš’wU Qvcv nq|55 G
Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ Aviex KvIqvwq‡ì e¨vcK Av‡jvPbv, KziAvb w`‡q KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi,
nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi, `k©b I Ava¨vwZ¥K ZË¡ e¨vcK fv‡e ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
mg„× G Zvdmxi MÖš’Lvbv mKj †kªYxi KziAvb M‡el‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡q‡Q|
10. AvZ Zvdmxiæj gvhnvix (‫) اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮي‬
nhiZ Dmgvb wRbœyivB‡bi Aa:¯Íb eskai fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ
gydvmwmi Avjøvgv Kvhx QvbvDjøvvn cvwbc_x (i.) 56 iwPZ Zvdmxiæj gvhnvix (
‫ )اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮي‬MÖš’Lvbv Zvdmxi wej gvm~i I gvÔK~j Z_v eY©bv I eyw× wfwËK
Zvdmx‡ii mgwš^Z iƒc|
54. The Encyclopadia of Islam (Leiden. 1978). Vol.IVp.191.
55. kvqL BmgvBj, Zvdmxiæ iæwnj eqvb, `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex, êiæZ: Zv.we. L-10 c„. 552
56. Kvhx QvbvDjøvvn cvwbc_x (i.) c~e© cvbRve Gi cvwbc_ GjvKvq 1143/1730-31L„. R¤§MÖnY K‡ib|
gvÎ mvZ ermi eq‡m wZwb KziAvbyj Kvixg wndR K‡ib| AZci `k©b, weÁvb I KziAvb -nv`x‡mi
wkÿvq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| GB Dcj‡ÿ wZwb w`jøx Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb kvn Iqvwjqy¨jøvn
gynvwÏQ w`njvex (g„. 1176 wn./1762 L„.) Gi wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZci wZwb gxihv
gvRnvi Rv‡b Rvbv w`njvex (1111-1195wn./1699-1781 L„.) Ôi wL`g‡Z nvwhi n‡q ZixK‡Zi
QeK cÖnY K‡ib| gxiqv gvRnvi Zvui †gavq gy» n‡q Zv‡uK ÔAvjvgyj û`vÕ (wn`vqv‡Zi SvÐv) Dcvwa
cÖ`vb K‡ib| cieZx© Rxe‡b wZwb cvwbc‡_ Kvhxi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| kvn Avãyj Avhxh gynvwÏQ
w`njvex Zv‡uK mgKvjxb ÔevqnvKxÕ Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wÎkwUiI AwaK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
mvZ L‡Ð iwPZ Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix Zvu‡K wPi¯§iYxq K‡i †i‡L‡Q| G gnvb gvbxlx 1 ivRve- 1225
wn./ 2 AvMó- 1810 L„. BwšÍKvj K‡ib| (m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, cÖv¸³, LÐ-11, c„.
58)
Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi eû ZË¡ I Z_¨ Ges ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi gh©v`v m¤úK©xq eû weij
eY©bv Ges cÖPzi wdK&nx gvmvBj G‡Z Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gynvwÏm m~jf eY©bvfw½,
nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei gZ‡K `jxj cÖgvY w`‡q cÖwZwôZ Kiv, AwfavwbK e¨vL¨v, wK¡ivAv‡Zi
wek` eY©bv, NUbv cÖevn I kv‡b byh~‡ji we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv G MÖš’‡K me©Rb MÖvn¨ MÖš’
wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q| Zuvi Bjg I Zuvi Zvdmxi MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q G
MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev‡ì f‚wgKvq ejv n‡q‡Q- ÔKvhx QvbvDjøvvn cvwbc_x (i.) gyRvwÏw`qv
ZwiKvi ZrKvjxb me©‡kªô ÔAvwid nhiZ gvRnvi Rv‡b Rvbvi wcÖq gywi` I Ljxdv
wQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi cÖÁv‡K K‡iwQ‡jb AaxZ we`¨v (‫ ) ﻋﻠﻢ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻲ‬Ges mË¡v mRvZ we`¨v
( ‫ ) ﻋﻠﻢ ﺣﻀﻮري‬Gi AevK mgvnvi| ZvB Zuvi weei‡Y i‡q‡Q GKB m‡½ in‡mï myav,
eyw×i SjK Ges mywm×v‡šÍi ms‡køl| Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i RM‡Z wZwb G‡b‡Qb eY©bv
ci¤úivi (‫ ) رواﯾﺔ‬m‡½ eyw×e„wËi (‫ ) دراﯾﺔ‬mw¤§wjZ wbf©iZv| Zvi m‡½ wgwj‡q‡Qb
AšÍ`„wói (‫ ) ﻓﺮاﺳﺔ‬wbLyuZ ch©‡eÿY| ZvB wZwb KvjR n‡qI Kv‡jvËi| AšÍivj n‡qI
¯§iY gyLiÕ|57
11. Zvdmxiæ iƒwnj gvÔAvbx : (‫)ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻰ‬
Avjøvgv Aveym mvbv wknveywÏb Avm mvBwq¨` gvngy` Avwd›`x Avj Avj~mx Avj
evM`v`x (g„. 1270 wn.) iwPZ ÔZvdmxiæ iƒwnj gvÔAvbxÕ Zvdmxi RM‡Z GK Abb¨
me©Rb MÖvn¨ MÖš’| Zvdmxi mvwn‡Zï G wek¦‡Kvl wÎk L‡Ð iwPZ| G MÖ‡š’i bvg Ôiƒûj
gvÔAvbx dx Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj Avhxg Iqvm mveCj gvmvbxÕ ( ‫روح اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬
‫ )اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ و اﻟﺴﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬evi kZ eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m Zvdmxi mvwn‡Z¨ iwPZ nvRvi
nvRvi MÖ‡š’i mgš^q I mvi wbh©vm G MÖš’|58 eY©bv I eyw× wfwËK avivi mgš^q, Avnjym
mybœvn Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi AvKx`v‡K `jxj w`‡q cÖwZwôZ Kiv, m„wóZË¡ I cÖvK…wZK
RM‡Zi Z_¨ I ZË¡ wb‡q êÁvwbK Av‡jvPbv, wdK&nx gvmvwq‡ji Dc¯’vcbv, Aviex
e¨vKiYMZ e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, wK¡ivAv‡Zi cv_©K¨ wbY©q, m~iv I Avqv‡Zi m¤úK© eY©bv,
kv‡b byh~‡ji Dc¯’vcbvmn AmsL¨ êwk‡ó¨ ficyi G MÖš’ Zvdmxi mvwn‡Zï GK
wek¦‡Kvl| AvKvC`, `k©b, †R¨vwZwe©Ávb, ZvmvDd Z_v KziAv‡bi †Mvcb in‡mï
D`NvUb I iƒ‡ni †LvivK `v‡b Abe`¨ f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q Abb¨ G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU|
W. hvnvex (i.) e‡jb-59 ‫ ﻓﺮوح اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻻ ﻟﻮﺳﻲ ﻟﯿﺲ اﻻﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬-‫وﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل‬
‫ ﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﺟﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻮا ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﺮ واﻟﺘﺮﺟﯿﺢ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮة‬-‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺬھﻦ و ﺻﻔﺎء اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬
57. gynv¤§` gvgybyi ikx`, Zvdmx‡i gvRnvix, (e½vbyev`), LvbKv‡q †gvRv‡Ïw`qv, nvwKgvev`: 1998,
f‚wgKv, c„. 3
58. W. hvnvex, L-1, c„. 361
59. MÖv¸³
Ôg~jK_v nj, Avjøvgv Avj~mx iwPZ iƒûj gvAvÔbx MÖš’wU Zvdmxi mvwn‡Zï
BwZnv‡m GK g~jëvb wek¦‡Kvl ê wKQz bq| wZwb c~e©eZ©x Zvdmxi wekvi`M‡Yi
AwaKvs‡ki gZ GKwÎZ K‡i gy³ mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wbR wPšÍvkw³, cÖÁv I wb®‹jyl
cÖwZfv e‡j †h gZwU cÖvavb¨ cvevi Zv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|Õ G MÖš’wU KziAvb M‡elK‡ì
wbKU RbwcÖq MÖš’ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ|
D‡jøwLZ Zvdmxi mg~n e¨ZxZ wìvqvn Gi wfwË‡Z wjwLZ Av‡iv wKQy Zvdmxi MÖš’
Avwjg mgv‡R Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i‡Q| Avi G ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nj:
1. Ave`yj Kvwni Beb Zvwni Avj evM`v`x (g„. 429 wn.) iwPZ ÔZvdmxiæ Avwej
gvbmyiÕ| 2. Avey Rvdi Beb gynv¤§` Bebyj nvmvb AvZ Zzmx (g„. 458 wn.) iwPZ ÔAvZ&
wZeBqvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvbÕ| 3. Aveyj gvÔAvjx Avj RyIqvBqvbx (g„. 478 wn.)
iwPZ ÔZvdmxiæ Bgvwgj nvivgvBb|Õ 4. kvqL gwnDÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avjx AvZ& ZvC
Avj Av›`vjymx (g„. 628 wn.) iwPZ ÔZvdmxiæ Beb Avivex|Õ 5. kvqL ZvKx DwÏb myeKx
(g„. 756 wn.) iwPZ ÔAv` `yiiæb bvhxg dx Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj AvhxgÕ| 6. Avngv`
Beb gynv¤§` Avm mvIfx (g„. 1214 wn.) iwPZ ÔnvwkqvZzm-mvIfxÕ| 7. kvn Avãyj
Avhxh gynvwÏm †`njex (g„. 1230 wn.) iwPZ ÔZvdmxiæ dvZÐj AvhxhÕ| 8. mvB‡q¨`
KzZze (i.)60 iwPZ Ôdx whjvwjj KziAvbÕ| 9. gvIjvbv Ave`yj nK nv°vbx †`njex (i.)
iwPZ ÔZvdmxiæ nv°vbxÕ ev ÔdvZûj gvbœvbÕ| 10. gvIjvbv gI`y`x (i.) iwPZ
ÔZvdnxgyj KziAvbÕ| 11. gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (i.) iwPZ Ôevqvbyj KziAvbÕ|
12. gydZx kdx (i.) iwPZ ÔgvÕAvwidzj KziAvbÕ| 13. Avjøvgv gynv¤§` †nvmvBb
ZvevZvevC (i.) iwPZ ÔAvj wghvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvbÕ| 14. gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg iwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj KziAvbÕ| D‡jøwLZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~n QvovI
Av‡iv kZ kZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ wìvqvn Gi wfwË‡Z iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †h ¸‡jv mgMÖ wek¦Ry‡o
Avwjg mgv‡Ri wbKU e¨vcK fv‡e mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q|
60. mvB‡q¨` KzZze (i.): mgKvjxb we‡k¦i mvov RvMv‡bv Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, gyRvwn` me©Rb kª‡×q Bmjvgx
Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmi knx` mvB‡q¨` KzZze (i.) wgm‡ii AvwmDZ-Gi AšÍM©Z ÔgykvnÕ
bvgK cjøvx‡Z 1906 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wbR MÖv‡gi cÖv_wgK wkÿvqZ‡b Zuvi covïbvi nv‡ZLwo N‡U|
gv‡qi GKvšÍ B”Qvbymv‡i ˆkk‡eB wZwb KziAvb gyL¯’ K‡ib| eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvui †gav,
¯§„wZkw³ e„w× cvq| Zvui Amvgvb¨ ¯§„wZkw³ mgKvjxb Avwjg‡ì‡K wew¯§Z K‡i| D”P wkÿvi Rb¨
wZwb Kvq‡iv¯’ `viæj Dj~‡g fwZ© nb| GLv‡b wZwb Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨, Zvdmxi, nv`xm, Kvjvg,
`k©b, wdK&n cÖf…wZ wel‡q cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib| wkÿv Rxeb †k‡l wZwb G cÖwZôv‡biB Aa¨vcK wbhy³
nb| Gici wZwb wewfbœ m¤§vbRbK c‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l wZwb 1951 L„. BLIqvbyj
gymwjgx‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq AskMÖnY K‡ib| Gici K‡Y©j bv‡mi
miKvi Zvui Dci hyjyg wbh©vZb ïiæ K‡i| Zvui Dci AgvbywlK wbh©vZ‡bi eY©bv w`‡q ZviB GK mnKg©x
e‡jb:Òwbh©vZ‡bi cvnvo Zvi Dci Pvwc‡q †`qv n‡qwQj| Zvu‡K Av¸‡b ‡QuKv †`qv n‡Zv, KzKzi †jwj‡q
w`‡q Zuv‡K ÿZweÿZ Kiv n‡Zv, Zvui gv_vi Dci KL‡bv AZ¨šÍ Mig cvwb †X‡j †`qv n‡Zv|Ó
Ae‡k‡l 22/08/1966 L„. †ivR iweevi mvB‡q¨` KzZze (i.) Gi weiæ‡× dvumxi ûKzgRvix Kiv nq Ges
29/08/1966 L„. Zvnv¾y‡ì mgq Zuv‡K dvumx †`qv nq|
(mvB‡q¨` KzZze, dx whjvwjj KziAvb, gynivZ cÖKvkbx, †Znivb: Zv.we. f‚wgKv)
Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i DrcwË

cweÎ KziAvb AeZx‡Y©i mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i DrcwË N‡U| Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv wb‡RB cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g gydvmwmi| wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi GK Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi Av‡iK AvqvZ w`‡q eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| KziAv‡bi †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq kã‡K
ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv K‡i wfbœ RvqMvq wZwb Avevi H k‡ãi e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½
Avjøvgv RvjvjywÏb myq~Zx (i.) e‡jb-1 KziAv‡bi †Kvb †Kvb AvqvZ †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î
GKwU Av‡iKwUi e¨vL¨v K‡i| †hgb- m~iv dv‡Znv‡Z G‡m‡Q- ÔAvgv‡ì mij c_
†`LvI, †m mKj †jv‡Ki c_ hv‡ì‡K Zzwg wbÔAvgvZ `vb K‡iQÕ|2 G Avqv‡Z Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv wbÔAvgvZ cÖvß †jvK‡ì my¯úó †Kvb cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡ibwb| wKš‘ Ab¨ GKwU
Avqv‡Z wbÔAvgvZ cÖvß †jvK‡ì cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i e‡jb- ÔZuviv n‡jb- bex, wQÏxK,
knx` I mrKg©kxj e¨w³eM©|Õ3
wVK GKB fv‡e m~iv ZvIevq Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb- Ô†n Cgvb`viMY, Avjøvn‡K
fq Ki Ges mZëv`x‡ì mv‡_ _vK|Õ4 G Avqv‡Z mZëv`xM‡Yi cwiPq D‡jøL Kiv
nqwb; wKš‘ m~iv evKvivi GKwU Avqv‡Z mZëv`x‡ì cwiPq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e-
ÔmrKg© ïay GB bq †h, c~e© wKsev cwðg w`‡K gyL Ki‡e, eis eo mrKg© nj GB †h,
Cgvb Avb‡e Avjøvni Dci, wKqvgZ wè‡mi Dci, †d‡ikZv‡ì Dci Ges mg¯Í bex
ivm~jM‡Yi Dci, Avi m¤ú` e¨q Ki‡e ZvuiB gneŸ‡Z AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, GZxg, wgmKxb,
gymvwdi-wfÿzK I gyw³Kvgx µxZ`vm‡ì R‡b¨| Avi hviv bvgvh cÖwZôv Kvix, hvKvZ
`vb Kvix Ges hviv K…Z cÖwZÁv m¤úv`bKvix Ges Afv‡e, †iv‡M, †kv‡K I hy‡×i mgq
âh¨© aviYKvix, ZvivB nj mZëv`x, Avi ZvivB ci‡nhMvi|Õ5
1. m~qyZx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 175
2. Avj KziAvb, 1:5,6 (‫)اھﺪﻧﺎاﻟﺼﺮاط اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺻﺮاط اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ‬
3.Avj KziAvb, 4:69 (‫)وﻣﻦ ﯾﻄﻊ اﷲ واﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻓﺎوﻟﺌﻚ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻧﻌﻢ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﯿﯿﻦ و اﻟﺼﺪﯾﻘﯿﻦ واﻟﺸﮭﺪاء واﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﯿﻦ‬
4. Avj KziAvb, 9:119 ( ‫) ﯾﺎ اﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ آ ﻣﻨﻮا اﺗﻘﻮا اﷲ و ﻛﻮﻧﻮا ﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺎدﻗﯿﻦ‬
5. Avj KziAvb, 2:177,

‫) ﻟﯿﺲ اﻟﺒﺮ أن ﺗﻮﻟﻮا وﺟﻮھﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق واﻟﻤﻐﺮب وﻟـﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ واﻟﯿﻮم‬
‫اﻻﺧﺮ واﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ واﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﻨﺒﯿﯿﻦ وآﺗﻰ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﮫ ذوي اﻟﻘﺮﺑﻰ واﻟﯿﺘﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛﯿﻦ واﺑﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﯿﻞ واﻟﺴﺂﺋﻠﯿﻦ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻗﺎب وأﻗﺎم اﻟﺼﻼة واﺗﻰ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة واﻟﻤﻮﻓﻮن‬
‫ﺑﻌﮭﺪھﻢ إذا ﻋﺎھﺪوا واﻟﺼﺎﺑﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺄﺳﺎء واﻟﻀﺮاء وﺣﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺄس أوﻟـﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﻮا‬
( ‫وأوﻟـﺌﻚ ھﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻮن‬
Abyiƒcfv‡e m~iv evKvivi GKwU Avqv‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb- ÔAZci Av`g
(Av.) ¯^xq cvjbKZ©vi KvQ †_‡K K‡qKwU K_v wk‡L wb‡jb|Õ6 G Avqv‡Z K‡qKwU K_v
ej‡Z Kx eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zvi e¨vL¨v †`qv nq wb| wKš‘ m~iv AvÔiv‡d Gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q ejv
n‡q‡Q- ÔZviv Df‡q ejj, †n Avgv‡ì cvjbKZ©v Avgiv wb‡R‡ì cÖwZ Ryjyg K‡iwQ|
hw` Avcwb Avgv‡`‡K ÿgv bv K‡ib Ges Avgv‡ì cÖwZ AbyMÖn bv K‡ib, Z‡e Avgiv
Aek¨B aŸsm n‡q hve|Õ7
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv wb‡RB †h cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zvdmxi K‡i _v‡Kb G cÖm‡½ wZwb
e‡jb- ‫وﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻮﻧﻚ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ اﻻ ﺟﺌﻨﺎك ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ و اﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮا‬
ÔZviv Avcbvi Kv‡Q †Kvb mgm¨v Dc¯’vwcZ Ki‡jB Avwg Avcbv‡K Zvi mwVK RIqve
I my›ì e¨vL¨v `vb Kwi|Õ8 m~iv wKqvgv‡Z Avjøvn e‡jb-
‫و ﻻ ﺗ ﺤ ﺮك ﺑ ﮫ ﻟ ﺴ ﺎ ﻧ ﻚ ﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺠ ﻞ ﺑ ﮫ ا ن ﻋ ﻠ ﯿ ﻨ ﺎ ﺟ ﻤ ﻌ ﮫ و ﻗ ﺮ آ ﻧ ﮫ ﻓ ﺎ ذ ا ﻗ ﺮ أ ﻧ ﮫ ﻓ ﺎ ﺗ ﺒ ﻊ ﻗ ﺮ آ ﻧ ﮫ ﺛ ﻢ ا ن ﻋ ﻠ ﯿ ﻨ ﺎ ﺑ ﯿ ﺎ ﻧ ﮫ‬
ÔZvovZvwo wk‡L †bqvi Rb¨ Avcwb `ªæZ Inx Ave„wË Ki‡eb bv| Gi msiÿY I cvV
AvgviB `vwqZ¡| AZci Avwg hLb Zv cvV Kwi, ZLb Avcwb †mB cv‡Vi AbymiY
Kiæb| Gici wek` eY©bv AvgviB `vwqZ¡|Õ9 Gfv‡e ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮآن‬Z_v KziAvb
Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi cweÎ KziAv‡bi A‡bK ¯’v‡b cwijwÿZ nq| †Kvb †Kvb
gydvmwmi G welq wb‡q c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi MÖš’I iPbv K‡i‡Qb| G †ÿ‡Î Avjøvgv Bebyj
RvIwhi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©|10 mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j kvqL gynv¤§` Avwgb Beby gynv¤§` gyLZvi
kvbKxwZ wjwLZ ÔAvÌqvDj evqvb dx Bhvwnj KziAvb wej KziAvbÕ bv‡g Av‡iv GKwU
MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|11 Avi ivm~jyjøvnI (mv.) ¯^xq cweÎ K_v, KvR I Aby‡gv`‡bi
gva¨‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi K‡i‡Qb| cweÎ KziAv‡bi mKj welq m¤ú‡K© wZwb
cwic~Y© IqvwKdnvj wQ‡jb| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zuv‡K wbR `vwq‡Z¡ cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v
we‡kølY wkwL‡q‡Qb| ZvB Zvui c‡ÿB KziAv‡b mwVK Zvdmxi Kiv m¤¢e|
6. Avj KziAvb, 2:37, (‫) ﻓﺘﻠﻘﻰ آدم ﻣﻦ رﺑﮫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻓﺘﺎب ﻋﻠﯿﮫ إﻧﮫ ھﻮ اﻟﺘﻮاب اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
7. Avj KziAvb, 7:23, (‫) ﻗﺎﻻ رﺑﻨﺎ ﻇﻠﻤﻨﺎ اﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ و ان ﻟﻢ ﺗﻐﻔﺮﻟﻨﺎ و ﺗﺮﺣﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻜﻮﻧﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﺳﺮﯾﻦ‬
10. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 175
11. gyLZvi kvbKxwZ, AvÌqvDj evqvb dx Bhvwnj KziAvb wej KziAvb, gvKZvev Be‡b ZvBwgqv, Kvq‡iv:
1995 L„. 1g LÐ, c„.7
G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb- ‫وﻛﺬاﻟﻚ ﯾﺠﺘﺒﯿﻚ رﺑﻚ وﯾﻌﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ‬

‫اﻻﺣﺎدﯾﺚ‬ÔGgwbfv‡e †Zvgvi cvjbKZ©v †Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡eb Ges †Zvgv‡K evYx
mg~‡ni wb¸p ZË¡ wkÿv †`‡eb|Õ12
m~iv Avj-Bgiv‡b G‡m‡Q-

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ اذ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ رﺳﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ‬
‫اﯾﺎﺗﮫ و ﯾﺰﻛﯿﮭﻢ وﯾﻌﻠﻤﮭﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ وان ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﻔﻲ ﺿﻼل‬
‫ﻣﺒﯿﻦ‬
ÔAvjøvn Cgvb`vi‡ì Dci AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv‡ì gv‡S Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ga¨
†_‡K bex cvwV‡q‡Qb| wZwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zvui AvqvZ mg~n cvV K‡ib| Zv‡ì‡K
cwi‡kvab K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì‡K wKZve I Kv‡Ri K_v wkÿv †`b| e¯‘Z: Zviv wQj c~e©
†_‡KB c_ åó|Õ13 G cÖm‡½ ivm~j (mv.) wb‡RI e‡j‡Qb- ‫اﻻ اﻧﻲ اوﺗﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﺜﻠﮫ‬
‫ﻣﻌﮫ‬Ô†R‡b ivL! wbðqB Avgv‡K Avj KziAvb Ges Abyiƒc (Zvdmxi) Gi mv‡_ ‡`qv
n‡q‡Q|Õ14 ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi †`Lv‡bv c×wZ I mvejxj eY©bv †_‡K mvnvevMY (iv.)
cweÎ KziAvb‡K Ges Gi Zvdmxi‡K AvqË¡ Ki‡Zb I Gi c~Y© AbymiY Ki‡Zb| G
m¤ú‡K© nhiZ Avey Avewì ingvb Avmmyjvgx e‡jb- ÔmvnveMY (iv.) hLb bex (mv.)
Gi †_‡K `kwU AvqvZ wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Zb ZLb G m¤úwK©Z Ávb I Kg© cÖYvjx
m¤ú‡K©I AewnZ n‡Zb, hv Zvuiv ev¯Í‡e cvjb Kivi cÖqvm †c‡Zb| ZvB Zuviv GKwU
m~iv gyL¯’ Ki‡Z `xN© mgq cvi Ki‡Zb|Õ15 G cÖm‡½ nhiZ Igi dviæK (iv.) e‡jb-
ÔAvjøvn ZvÔAvjv AZ¨šÍ AbyMÖn K‡i nhiZ gynv¤§v` (mv.) †K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv
wKQzB RvbZvg bv| ivm~j (mv.) †K †hgwbfv‡e Ki‡Z †`LZvg Avgiv ïaygvÎ †Zgwbfv‡e
Kg© m¤úv`b KiZvg|Õ16
†gvU K_v ivm~j (mv.) Gi Dci KziAvb AeZxY© nIqv Kvjxb mg‡qB Zvdmxi
kv‡¯¿i DrcwË nq| cieZ©x‡Z mvnvevM‡Yi (iv.) gva¨‡g G kv¯¿wU µgweKvk jvf K‡i|
Zuv‡ì gv‡S e¨vcKfv‡e Zvdmxi PP©v ïiæ nq|
13. Avj KziAvb, 3 : 164
14. Beby gvhvn, mybvb, gvKZvev Avkivwdqv, †Ìe›`: Zv. we. c„. 3
15. myq~Zx, Avj BZKvb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 499
16. Avng`, gymbv`, 2q LÐ, c„. 65
Zuviv wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zvdmxi wkÿv †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡ib| †hgb nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.)
g°vq, nhiZ DevB web Kve (iv.) g`xbvq, nhiZ Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Kzdvq Zvdmxi
wkÿv †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zuv‡ì wbKU AmsL¨ mvnvex I ZvweC Zvdmxi Aa¨qb
K‡ib|17 G cÖm‡½ W. myewn mvwjn e‡jb-18 mvnvevM‡Yi hy‡MB Zvdmxi AwfÁv‡bi
eywbqvw` wfwËi m~Pbv nq|
ivm~j (mv.) mvnvevMY‡K Avj KziAv‡bi gnZ¡ wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb| Zvu‡ì wbKU wZwb
KziAv‡bi †h e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Zv †_‡KB Bj‡g Zvdmx‡ii AwfhvÎv
ïiæ nq| Aek¨ G mgq Zvdmxi AwfÁvb MÖš’e× nqwb; eis mvnvevM‡Yi ¯§„wZc‡U
msiwÿZ wQj| mvnvevMY †_‡K cÖvß Zvdmxi mg~n‡K cyuwR wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i cieZ©x‡Z
ZvweCMY (i.) Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i †L`gZ ïiæ K‡ib| G mgq mswÿßvKv‡i Zvdmxi kv¯¿
wjwceä Kiv nq Ges AvswkKfv‡e Gme wewj- weZiYI Kiv nq| Z‡e c~Y©v½iƒ‡c †m
mgq †Kn c„_Kfv‡e Zvdmxi kv¯¿ msKjb K‡ibwb|19 Zvici ch©vqµ‡g Zvdmxi kv¯¿
MÖš’Kv‡i wjwce× n‡Z _v‡K Ges me© cÖ_g wiIqvqvZ wfwËK Zvdmxi MÖš’B MÖš’Kv‡i
cÖKvwkZ nq|20
17. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„.121

18. W. myewn mvwjn, gvevwnm dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, `viæj Bj&g wjj gvjvBb, êiæZ: 1985 L„. c„. 142
19. Aa¨vcK nvixix, Zvix‡L Zvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 65
20. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 153
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi

cweÎ KziAvbyj Kvixg Aviex fvlvq bvwhj nIqvi Kvi‡Y Aviex fvlvfvlx
†jvK‡ì Zv eyS‡Z I Abyaveb Ki‡Z †Kvb Amyweav nqwb| AwkwÿZ AvieMYI
KziAv‡bi gyjfve mn‡RB Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Avi GUv Zv‡ì Rb¨ mnRZiI
wQj| †Kbbv Zv wQj Zv‡ì wbR¯^ fvlv‡ZB AeZxY©| G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ اﻧﺎ اﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎه ﻗﺮاﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﻘﻠﻮن‬ÔAvwg G‡K Aviex fvlvq †KviAvb iƒ‡c AeZxY©
K‡iwQ, hv‡Z †Zvgiv eyS‡Z cvi|Õ1 m~iv hyLiæ‡d G‡m‡Q- ‫اﻧﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎه ﻗﺮاﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻘﻠﻮن‬ÔAvwg G‡K K‡iwQ †KviAvb, Aviex fvlvq, hv‡Z †Zvgiv eyS|Õ2 GiciI
KziAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZ ev AvqvZsk hw` gyRgvj ev mswÿß nIqvi Kvi‡Y eyS‡Z KwVb
nZ, †`Lv †hZ wVK G AvqvZ ev AvqvZsk‡iB e¨vL¨v KziAv‡bi Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Kiv
n‡q‡Q, hv c‡o Zuviv mn‡RB mswÿß fv‡e ewY©Z As‡ki e¨vL¨v ey‡S wb‡Zb|
KziAvb bvwhj nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ivm~j (mv.) mvnvevMY‡K Zv wZjvIqvZ K‡i
ïbv‡Zb, Avi mvnvevMY Zv ïb‡Zb Ges Z`vbyhvC Avgj Ki‡Zb| mvaviYZ †Kvbiƒc
e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nZ bv| GiciI †Kvb wel‡q e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zuviv
ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbK‡U Avm‡Zb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v †R‡b wb‡Zb| Avi KziAvb
Kvix‡gi e¨vL¨v Kivi `vwqZ¡I Avjøvn Zuvi ivm~j‡KB cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|3 G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv e‡jb- ‫ واﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﻚ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﺘﺒﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﻣﺎﻧﺰل اﻟﯿﮭﻢ‬ÔGes Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avwg
¯§iwYKv AeZxY© K‡iwQ, hv‡Z Avcwb †jvK‡ì mvg‡b H me welq wee„Z K‡ib, †h
¸‡jv Zv‡ì cÖwZ bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ4
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi G wb‡`©k AbyhvC ivm~j (mv.) m~iv I AvqvZ bvwh‡ji †cÖÿvcU,
bvwmL I gvbm~L AvqvZ, m~iv I Avqv‡Zi µgweb¨vm c×wZmn KziAv‡bi kã I ev‡Kï
gg©v_© we‡kølY Ki‡Zb|5 Z‡e †Kvbiƒc iƒcK Awfe¨w³ m¤ú‡K© Zuviv ivm~j (mv.) †K cÖkœ
Ki‡Zb bv Ges mivmwi Rxeb Nwbô bq Ggb AvqvZ ev AvqvZsk wb‡qI Zuviv ivm~j
(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z nvwRi n‡Zb bv|
1. Avj KziAvb, 12 t 2
3. W. myewn mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„. 289
5. Kvhx mvbvDjøvn cvwbc_x, Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix (evsjv Abyev`), cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, gyLeÜ c„. 12
†hgb- Avj KziAv‡bi 29wU m~ivi ïiæ‡Z 14wU Ôûiæ‡d gyKvwËqvZÕ ev wew”Qbœ eY© mgwó
i‡q‡Q| †Kvb mvnvex G wel‡q ivm~j (mv.) G wbKU e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ges wZwb G
wel‡q †Kvb e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb, Ggb cÖgvY cvIqv hvq bv| †Kbbv Zuviv AcÖ‡qvRbxq cÖkœ
Kiv cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| wKš‘ †Kvb Avqv‡Zi gg©v_© I Avbylw½K cÖ‡qvRbxq welq eyS‡Z
bv cvi‡j Zuviv mivmwi ivm~j (mv.) †K wRÁvmv Ki‡Zb, Avi ivm~jI (mv.) Zuv‡ì‡K
h_vh_fv‡e Zv eywS‡q w`‡Zb|
D‡jøwLZ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq †h, ivm~j (mv.) Gi hy‡M KziAv‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvdmxi ev e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv nZ `yÕfv‡e-
GK. KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi - ( ‫)ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮان‬
`yB. nv`xm Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi - (‫)ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬
KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi
Zvdmx‡ii cÖavb cš’vB nj- ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮان‬ev KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi
Zvdmxi Kiv|6 Zvdmx‡ii G c×wZwU AZxe weï× I mskqgy³| cweÎ KziAvb Øviv
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Kiv n‡j Zv AwZ mn‡R ü`q½gI Kiv hvq| ivm~j (mv.) wb‡RB
cweÎ KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi K‡i‡Qb| hLb KziAvbyj Kvix‡g wb‡æv³ AvqvZ
bvwhj nj : ‫ واﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻣﻨﻮا وﻟﻢ ﯾﻠﺒﺴﻮا اﯾﻤﺎﻧﮭﻢ ﺑﻈﻠﻢ اوﻟﺌﻚ ﻟﮭﻢ اﻻﻣﻦ وھﻢ ﻣﮭﺘﺪون‬Ôhviv
Cgvb Av‡b Ges ¯^xq wek¦vm‡K hyj‡gi mv‡_ wgwkªZ K‡i bv Zv‡ì Rb¨B kvwšÍ Ges
ZvivB myc_Mvgx|Õ7 mvnvevMY ivm~j (mv.) †K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb- Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb †K
Av‡Q †h, hyjyg K‡iwb? ZLb ivm~j (mv.) Zuv‡ì‡K KziAv‡bi Av‡iK Ask wZjvIqvZ
K‡i G As‡ki e¨vL¨v w`‡q ej‡jb- ‫ ان اﻟﺸﺮك ﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻋﻈﯿﻢ‬Ôwbðq Avjøvni mv‡_ kixK
Kiv gnv hyjg|Õ8
Gfv‡e KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi KziAvb w`‡q Kivi D`vniY A‡bK| Zvi wKq`vsk wbæiƒc :
GK. ZvInx` ev GKZ¡ev` msµvšÍ
ZvInx` ev GKZ¡ev` cÖm‡½ cweÎ KziAv‡b eû AvqvZ i‡q‡Q| †h ¸‡jvi GKwU
Av‡iKwUi e¨vL¨v K‡i|
6. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ c„. 348

7. Avj-KziAvb, 6:82
8. Avj-KziAvb, 31: 13
†hgb: Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-9 ‫ ( اﻟﮭﻜﻢ اﻟﮫ واﺣﺪ ﻻاﻟﮫ اﻻ ھﻮ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬1 )
Ô‡Zvgv‡ì Bjvn wZwb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Bjvn †bB, wZwb `qvgq, AwZ `qvjy|Õ
‫ ( ﻗﻞ اوﺣﻰ اﻟﻰ اﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﮭﻜﻢ اﻟﮫ واﺣﺪ‬2 )
Ôejyb, Avgv‡K †Zv G Av‡`kB †`qv n‡q‡Q †h, †Zvgv‡ì Dcvm¨ GKgvÎ Dcvm¨|Õ10
‫ ( اﻟﮭﻜﻢ اﻟﮫ واﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﺆﻣﻨﻮن ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮ ة ﻗﻠﻮﺑﮭﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺮة وھﻢ‬3 )
-‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺒﺮون‬
Ô‡Zvgv‡ì Bjvn GKK Bjvn| AbšÍi hviv ciRxe‡b wek¦vm K‡ibv, Zv‡ì AšÍi mZ¨
wegyL Ges Zviv AnsKvi cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q|Õ11 AvqvZ ¸‡jv‡Z ÔBjvnÕ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ ÔBjvnÕ ‡K, Zvi cwiPq ejv nqwb| Z‡e Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Zuvi cwiPq Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb : - ‫ وﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮫ اﻻ اﷲ وان اﷲ ﻟﮭﻮ اﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺤﻜﯿﻢ‬ÔAvi GK Avjøvn
Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Bjvn †bB| Avi Avjøvn wZwbB n‡jb civµgkvjx gnvcÖvÁ|Õ12 G
Avqv‡Z ÔBjvnÕ Gi cwiPq †`qv n‡q‡Q ÔAvjøvnÕ e‡j| wKš‘ ÔAvjøvnÕ Gi cwiPq wK, Zv
ejv nqwb| Z‡e Ab¨Î ÔAvjøvnÕ Gi cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q- ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ رب‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﯾﻮم اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ÔhveZxq cÖksmv Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi, whwb mKj
m„wó RM‡Zi cvjbKZ©v, whwb AZ¨šÍ †g‡nievb I `qvjy, whwb wePvi w`‡bi gvwjK|Õ13
Av‡iK Avqv‡Z Avjøvni cwiPq cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q-
-‫اﷲ ﻻاﻟﮫ اﻻ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﻮم‬
-‫وﻻﯾﺌﻮده ﺣﻔﻈﮭﻤﺎ وھﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬

ÔAvjøvn Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB, wZwb RxweZ, mewKQyi aviK| Zuv‡K Z›`ªvI ¯úk©
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges wb›`ªvI bq| Avmvgb I hgx‡b hv wKQy i‡q‡Q, meB Zuvi| †K Av‡Q
Ggb, †h mycvwik Ki‡e Zuvi Kv‡Q Zuvi AbygwZ Qvov? `„wói mvg‡b wKsev wcQ‡b hv wKQy
i‡q‡Q †m meB wZwb Rv‡bb| Zuvi Ávbmxgv †_‡K Zviv †Kvb wKQy‡KB cwi‡ewóZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv, wKš‘ hZUzKz wZwb B”Qv K‡ib| Zuvi wmsnvmb mg¯Í Avmgvb I hgxb‡K
cwi‡ewóZ K‡i Av‡Q| Avi †m ¸‡jv‡K aviY Kiv Zuvi c‡ÿ KwVb bq| wZwbB m‡e©v”P
Ges me©v‡cÿv gnvb|Õ14 m~iv BLjv‡m ÔAvjøvnÕi cwiPq Gfv‡e †`qv n‡q‡Q- ‫ﻗﻞ ھﻮ اﷲ‬
‫ اﺣﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻠﺪ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻮﻟﺪ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻟﮫ ﻛﻔﻮا اﺣﺪ‬Ôejyb, wZwb Avjøvn GK| Avjøvn
AgyLv‡cÿx| wZwb KvD‡K Rb¥ †`bwb Ges †KD Zuv‡K Rb¥ †`qwb Ges Zuvi mgZzj¨ †KD
†bB|Õ15
9. Avj-KziAvb, 2:163
13. Avj-KziAvb, 1:1-3
15. Avj-KziAvb, 112: 1-4
`yB : wimvjZ msµvšÍ

wimvjvZ cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb- ‫( وارﺳﻠﻨﺎك ﻟـﻠﻨﺎس رﺳﻮﻻ‬1)
ÔAvi Avwg Avcbv‡K cvwV‡qwQ gvby‡li cÖwZ Avgvi cqMv‡gi evnK wnmv‡e|Õ16
‫( ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺎءﻛﻢ رﺳﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻋﺰﯾﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﺎﻋﻨﺘﻢ ﺣﺮﯾﺺ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ رؤوف‬2)
‫رﺣﯿﻢ‬
Ô‡Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Gm‡Qb †Zvgv‡ì ga¨ †_‡KB GKRb ivmyj| †Zvgv‡ì `y:L Kó Zvi
c‡ÿ `y:mn, wZwb †Zvgv‡ì g½jKvgx, gywg‡bi cÖwZ †ønkxj `qvgq|Õ17
‫( ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ اذ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ رﺳﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻠﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ اﯾﺎﺗﮫ وﯾﺰﻛﯿﮭﻢ‬3)
– ‫وﯾﻌﻠﻤﮭﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ وان ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﻔﻰ ﺿﻼل ﻣﺒﯿﻦ‬
ÔAvjøvn Cgvb`vi‡ì Dci AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv‡ì gv‡S Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ga¨ †_‡K
bex cvwV‡q‡Qb| wZwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zuvi AvqvZmg~n cvV K‡ib| Zv‡ì cwi‡kvab K‡ib
Ges Zv‡ì‡K wKZve I Kv‡Ri K_v wkÿv †`b| e¯‘Z: Zviv wQj c~e© †_‡KB c_åó|Õ18
D‡jøwLZ AvqvZ¸‡jv‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Ôivm~jÕ (mv.) cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb wKš‘
wZwb †Kvb& ivm~j Zuvi †Kvb cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡ib wb| Z‡e cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ab¨ RvqMvq
Zuvi cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| †hgb-
‫( ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﺑﺎ اﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ رﺟﺎﻟﻜﻢ وﻟﻜﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ وﺧﺎﺗﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﯿﯿﻦ وﻛﺎن‬1)
‫اﷲ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ ﻋﻠﯿﻤﺎ‬
Ôgynv¤§` †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb e¨w³i wcZv bb; eis wZwb Avjøvni ivm~j Ges †kl bex|
Avjøvn me wel‡q ÁvZ|Õ19
‫( ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ واﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﮫ اﺷﺪاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻔﺎر رﺣﻤﺎ ء ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ‬2)
Ôgynv¤§` Avjøvni ivm~j Ges Zuvi mnPiMY Kv‡di‡ì cÖwZ K‡Vvi, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨
ci¯úi mnvbyf~wZkxj|Õ20
20. Avj-KziAvb, 48 : 29
wZb t KziAvbyj Kvixg msµvšÍ

cweÎ KziAvbyj Kvixg cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ ( اﻧﺎ اﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎه ﻓﻰ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺔ اﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺬرﯾﻦ‬1 )
Ôwbðq Avwg G‡K bvwhj K‡iwQ GK eiKZgq iv‡Z, wbðq Avwg mZK©Kvix|Õ21
‫ ( اﻧﺎ اﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺪر‬2 )
22
Ôwbðq Avwg G‡K bvwhj K‡iwQ k‡e-K`‡i|Õ
G AvqvZ ¸‡jv‡Z evi evi ejv n‡q‡Q ÔAvwgÕ bvwhj K‡iwQ| wKš‘ ÔAvwgÕ †K, Zv ejv
nqwb| Z‡e Ab¨Î Gi e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q-
‫ ذاﻟﻚ ﺗﻨـﺰﯾﻞ ﻣﻦ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ‬ÔGUv wek¦-cvjbKZ©vi cÿ †_‡K AeZxY©|Õ23
D‡jøwLZ AvqvZ ¸‡jv‡Z Kx ÔbvwhjÕ Kiv n‡q‡Q ZvI ejv nqwb| wKš‘ Ab¨ Avqv‡Z ¯úó
K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q-
‫ﺷﮭﺮ رﻣﻀﺎن اﻟﺬى اﻧﺰل ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﺮان ھﺪى ﻟـﻠ ﻨﺎس وﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﺪى‬
‫واﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬
Ôgvby‡li Rb¨ †n`v‡qZ Ges mZ¨c_ hvÎx‡ì Rb¨ my¯úó c_wb‡`©k, Avi ighvb gvmB
nj †m gvm, hv‡Z bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q Avj ‡KviAvb, hv b¨vq Ab¨v‡qi gv‡S cv_©K¨
weavbKvix|Õ24
‫اﻧﮫ ﻟﻘﺮان ﻛﺮﯾﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻜﻨﻮن ﻻﯾﻤﺴﮫ اﻻ اﻟﻤﻄﮭﺮون‬
Ôwbðq GUv m¤§vwbZ †KviAvb, hv Av‡Q GK †Mvcb wKZv‡e, hviv cvK-cweÎ Zviv
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †KD G‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e bv|Õ25
Pvi t bvgvR msµvšÍ
bvgvR cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ ( اﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻠﻮ ة ان اﻟﺼﻠﻮان ﺗﻨﮭﻰ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺤﺸﺎء واﻟﻤﻨﻜﺮ‬1 )
ÔbvgvR Kv‡qg Kiæb| wbðq bvgvR Akøxj I Mwn©Z Kvh© †_‡K weiZ iv‡L|Õ26
21. Avj-KziAvb, 44 : 3
24. Avj-KziAvb, 2 : 185
25. Avj-KziAvb, 77 : 79
26. Avj-KziAvb, 29 : 45
‫ ( اﻗﯿﻤﻮا اﻟﺼﻠﻮة واﺗﻮا اﻟﺰﻛﻮة وارﻛﻌﻮا ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮاﻛﻌﯿﻦ‬2 )
ÔAvi bvgvR Kv‡qg Ki, hvKvZ `vb Ki Ges bvgv‡R AebZ nI Zv‡ì mv‡_ hviv
AebZ nq|Õ27
G AvqvZ¸‡jv‡Z bvgv‡Ri wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ KLb bvgvR co‡Z n‡e G
e¨vcv‡i wKQyB ejv nqwb| Z‡e Ab¨ Avqv‡Z G cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q-
‫ ( اﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻠﻮة ﻟﺪﻟﻮك اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻰ ﻏﺴﻖ اﻟـﻠﯿﻞ‬1 )
Ôm~ h © X‡j covi mgq †_‡K ivwÎi AÜKvi ch© š Í bvgvR Kv‡qg Kiæb|Õ 2 8
‫ ( اﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻠﻮة ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر وزﻟﻔﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻠﯿﻞ‬2 )
ÔAvi w`‡bi `yB cÖv‡šÍB bvgvR wVK ivL‡e Ges iv‡Zi cÖvšÍ fv‡M|Õ29
‫ ( وﺳﺒﺢ ﺑﺤﻤﺪ رﺑﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﻠﻮع اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺮوﺑﮭﺎ وﻣﻦ اﻧﺎء اﻟـﻠﯿﻞ‬3 )
‫ﻓﺴﺒﺢ واﻃﺮاف اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ﻟﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ‬
ÔAvcbvi cvjbKZ©vi mcÖksm cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv Kiæb m~‡h©v`‡qi c~‡e©, m~h©v‡¯Íi
c~‡e© Ges cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv Kiæb ivwÎi wKQy Ask I wèvfv‡M, m¤¢eZ: Zv‡Z
Avcwb mš‘ó n‡eb|Õ 30
‫ ( ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻠﻮا ت واﻟﺼﻠﻮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬4 )
Ô‡Zvgiv mg¯Í bvgv‡Ri cÖwZ hZœevb nI, we‡kl K‡i gaëZx© bvgv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i|Õ31
cu v P t hvKvZ msµvšÍ
hvKvZ cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ ( اﻗﯿﻤﻮا اﻟﺼﻠﻮة واﺗﻮا اﻟﺰﻛﻮة واﻃﯿﻌﻮا اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﺮﺣﻤﻮن‬1 )
ÔbvgvR Kv‡qg Ki, hvKvZ cÖ`vb Ki Ges ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki, hv‡Z †Zvgiv AbyMÖn
cÖvß nI|Õ32 G Avqv‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv hvKvZ w`‡Z e‡j‡Qb wKš‘ Kv‡K hvKvZ w`‡Z
n‡e, G wel‡q wKQyB e‡jb wb|
28. Avj-KziAvb, 17 : 78
29. Avj-KziAvb, 11 : 114
30. Avj-KziAvb, 20 : 130
31. Avj-KziAvb, 2 : 238
32. Avj-KziAvb, 24 : 56
Z‡e KziAv‡bi Ab¨Î Gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q e‡jb-

‫اﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎت ﻟـﻠﻔﻘﺮاء واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛﯿﻦ و اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﮭﻢ وﻓﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺮﻗﺎب واﻟﻐﺎرﻣﯿﻦ وﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﷲ واﺑﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﯾﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ اﷲ واﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻜﯿﻢ‬
ÔhvKvZ nj †Kej dKxi, wgmKxb, hvKvZ Av`vqKvix I hv‡ì wPË AvKl©Y cÖ‡qvRb
Zv‡ì nK Ges Zv `vm gyw³i R‡b¨, FYMÖ¯’‡ì R‡b¨, Avjøvni c‡_ †Rnv`Kvix‡ì
Rb¨ Ges gymvwdi‡ì Rb¨| GB nj Avjøvni wba©vwiZ weavb| Avjøvn me©Á, cÖÁvgq|Õ33
Qq t mvIg msµvšÍ
mvIg ev †ivhv cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫ﯾﺎاﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻣﻨﻮا ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﯿﺎم ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻘﻮن‬
Ô‡n Cgvb`viMY! †Zvgv‡ì Dci †ivhv dih Kiv n‡q‡Q, †h iƒc dih Kiv n‡qwQj
†Zvgv‡ì c~e©eZx© †jvK‡ì Dci, †hb †Zvgiv ci‡nhMvix AR©b Ki‡Z cvi|Õ34
G Avqv‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv †ivhv ivLvi weavb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv †Kvb& gv‡m
Zv e‡jb wb| Z‡e Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q e‡jb-
‫ﺷﮭﺮ رﻣﻀﺎن اﻟﺬى اﻧﺰل ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﺮان ھﺪ ى ﻟـﻠﻨﺎس وﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﺪى و‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﮭﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ ﻓﻠﯿﺼﻤﮫ‬
Ôighvb gvmB nj †m gvm, hv‡Z bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q Avj †KviAvb, hv gvby‡li Rb¨
†n`v‡qZ Ges mZ¨c_ hvÎx‡ì Rb¨ my¯úó c_wb‡`©k| Avi b¨vq Ab¨v‡qi gv‡S cv_©K¨
weavbKvix| Kv‡RB †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †h †jvK G gvmwU cv‡e, †m G gv‡m †ivhv
ivL‡e|Õ35
mvZ t n¾ msµvšÍ
n¾ cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
– ‫وﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺣﺞ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﯿﮫ ﺳﺒﯿﻼ‬
ÔAvi G N‡ii n¾ n‡jv gvby‡li Dci Avjøvni cÖvc¨, †h †jv‡Ki mvg_© i‡q‡Q G ch©šÍ
†cŠuQvi|Õ36 G Avqv‡Z n‡¾i weavb eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ n¾ cvj‡bi c×wZ I bxwZ
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nqwb|
34. Avj-KziAvb, 2 : 183
35. Avj-KziAvb, 2 : 185
Z‡e Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q-

‫اﻟﺤﺞ اﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻤﻦ ﻓﺮض ﻓﯿﮭﻦ اﻟﺤﺞ ﻓﻼ رﻓﺚ وﻻ ﻓﺴﻮق وﻻﺟﺪال‬
– ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺞ‬
Ôn‡¾i K‡qKwU gvm Av‡Q mywew`Z| G gv‡m ‡h †jvK n‡¾i cwic~Y© wbqZ Ki‡e, Zvi
c‡ÿ ¯¿xi mv‡_ wbivfiY nIqv Rv‡qR bq, bv A‡kvfb †Kvb KvR Kiv, bv SMov-weev`
Kiv Rv‡qR|Õ37
AvU t nvivg e¯‘ msµvšÍ
nvivg e¯‘ cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
‫اﺣﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺑﮭﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﻌﺎم اﻻ ﻣﺎﯾﺘﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ‬
Ô‡Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ PZz®ú` Rš‘ nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q wee„Z n‡e Zv
e¨ZxZ|Õ38 G Avqv‡Z nvivg e¯‘i weeiY †`qv nqwb| wKš‘ Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Gi weeiY
w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q-
‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﯿﺘﺔ واﻟﺪم وﻟﺤﻢ اﻟﺨﻨﺰﯾﺮ وﻣﺎ اھﻞ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﷲ ﺑﮫ واﻟﻤﻨﺨﻨﻘﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻮﻗﻮذة و اﻟﻤﺘﺮدﯾﺔ واﻟﻨﻄﯿﺤﺔ واﻣﺎ اﻛﻞ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ اﻻ ﻣﺎذﻛﯿﺘﻢ وﻣﺎ ذﺑﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
– ‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ وان ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺴﻤﻮا ﺑﺎﻻزﻻم ذﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﺴﻖ‬
Ô‡Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q g„Z Rxe, i³, ïK‡ii gvsm, †h me Rš‘ Avjøvn Qvov
A‡bï bv‡g DrmM©K…Z nq, hv KÉ‡iv‡a gviv hvq, hv AvNvZ †j‡M gviv hvq, hv D”P
¯’vb †_‡K cZ‡bi d‡j gviv hvq, hv wks Gi AvNv‡Z gviv hvq Ges hv‡K wnsmª Rš‘
fÿY K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ hv‡K †Zvgiv h‡en K‡iQ| †h Rš‘ hÁ‡e`x‡Z h‡en Kiv nq Ges
hv fvM¨ wba©viK ki Øviv e›Ub Kiv nq| G me ¸Yv‡ni KvR|Õ39
G fv‡e cweÎ KziAv‡b Ggb A‡bK AvqvZ i‡q‡Q †h ¸‡jvi GKwU Ab¨wUi
e¨vL¨v wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨| Avi GUvB nj ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮان‬ev KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi
Zvdmxi|
37. Avj-KziAvb, 2 : 197

nv`xm Øviv Kz i Av‡bi e¨vL¨v

cweÎ KziAvb †h‡nZz ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY© n‡qwQj, ZvB wZwbB
n‡jb cweÎ KziAv‡bi me© cÖ_g e¨vL¨v `vZv| Avj KziAv‡bi gg©‡K gvby‡li mvg‡b
Dc¯’vcbKiv wQj Zuvi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨|1 wZwb evYx, Kg© I Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡g
mvnvevMY‡K cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb| Avi wZwb wb‡RI wQ‡jb Avj
KziAv‡bi RxešÍ cÖwZ”Qwe|
G cÖm‡½ nhiZ Av‡qkv wmÏxKv (iv.) e‡j‡Qb-2 ÔZuvi PwiÎB wQj Avj KziAvb|Õ Avj
KziAv‡bi cÖwZwU Avqv‡Zi c~Y© Zvdmxi Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvB bex Kvixg (mv.) †K wkÿv
w`‡q‡Qb| †hgb Avjøvn e‡jb-3 – ‫وﻻ ﯾﺎﺗﻮﻧﻚ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ اﻻﺟﺌﻨﺎك ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ واﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮا‬
ÔAvi Zviv Avcbvi Kv‡Q †Kvb mgm¨v Dcw¯’Z Ki‡jB Avwg Avcbv‡K Zvi mwVK RIqve
I my›ì e¨vL¨v `vb Kwi|Õ Avi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) wb‡R KL‡bv †Kvb wel‡q gbMov K_v
ej‡Zb bv; eis wZwb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi ‡cÖwiZ Anxi Dci wbf©i K‡iB K_v ej‡Zb| G
cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-4 ‫ وﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﮭﻮى ان ھﻮ اﻻ وﺣﻰ ﯾﻮﺣﻰ‬ÔGes wZwb
cÖe„wËi Zvobvq K_v e‡jb bv, †KviAvb Inx, hv cÖZ¨v‡`k nq|Õ
G Kvi‡YB ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) KZ©„K wb‡`©wkZ wewa-weavb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡`©wkZ
wewa-weav‡bi Abyiƒc, †m¸‡jvI gvbv eva¨ZvgyjK| †Kbbv Zuvi g~Lbxm„Z evYxmg~n Avj
KziAv‡biB e¨vL¨v|5 Zuvi cÖwZwU K_vi g~j nj Avj KziAvb| Zuvi mKj Kg© ZrciZv
nj KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v|6
Zuvi wbKU cweÎ KziAv‡bi †h mKj AvqvZ AeZxY© nZ Zvi kv‡b byh~j
mvnvevMY cÖZ¨ÿ Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zuv‡ì‡K AvqvZ mg~‡ni Avbylw½K Zvdmxi Rvwb‡q
w`‡Zb| †Kvbiƒc KwVb Ae¯’v I `~‡e©va¨Zvi m¤§yLxb hv‡Z bv n‡Z nq †m Rb¨ wZwb
c~Y©v½iƒ‡c cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Ki‡Zb|7
1. W. myewn mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„. 289
2. gymwjg, Avm mnxn, nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, XvKv, Zv.we. gymvwdixb ce©, nv`xm bs- 139
4. Avj-KziAvb, 53 : 3,4
5. Avãyi inxg, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, XvKv: 1997, c„. 115
6. eìæÏxb hviKvkx, Avj eyinvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 129
7. gvivMx, Zvdmxiæj gvivMx, gvKZvev Be‡b ZvBwgqv, Kvq‡iv: Zv.we. 1g LÐ, c„ 5
ZvB †Kvb Avqv‡Zi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e Ab¨ AvqvZ cvIqv bv †M‡j H Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v
Rvbvi Rb¨ mKj‡K ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`x‡mi kibvcbœ n‡Z n‡e| Avi Gfv‡e ivm~j
(mv.) Gi nv`xm Øviv cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Kiv‡K ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬Z_v nv`xm
Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi ejv nq|8 Zvdmxiæj KziAv‡bi G c×wZwU AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU
GKwU ewjô c×wZ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| nv`x‡mi wKZve mg~‡n G c×wZi Zvdmx‡ii `„óvšÍ
A‡bK| Zvi wKq`sk wbæiƒc :
(1) bvgvR cÖm‡½ cweÎ KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q-9 ‫اﻗﯿﻤﻮا اﻟﺼﻠﻮة واﺗﻮا اﻟﺰﻛﻮة‬
ÔbvgvR Kv‡qg Ki, hvKvZ cÖ`vb Ki|Õ G Avqv‡Z bvgvR Kv‡q‡gi c×wZ wK n‡e Zv
ejv nqwb| Z‡e ivm~j (mv.) bvgvR Av`v‡qi c×wZ e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb-10
– ‫ ﺻﻠﻮا ﻛﻤﺎ راﯾﺘﻤﻮﻧﻰ اﺻﻠﻰ‬Ô‡Zvgiv mvjvZ Av`vq Ki, †hgb fv‡e Avgv‡K mvjvZ
Av`vq Ki‡Z †`L|Õ
(2) bvgv‡R Iqv³ cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-11 ‫ان اﻟﺼﻠﻮة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ‬
-‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﺗﺎ‬Ôwbðq bvgvR gymjgvb‡ì Dci dih wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨|Õ
G Avqv‡Z bvgv‡Ri Iqv‡³i eva¨-evaKZvi K_v ejv n‡jI Iqv³¸‡jv Kx, Zv
ejv nqwb| ZvB mvnvevMY ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU bvgv‡Ri Iqv³ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡j
ivm~j (mv.) Gi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i e‡jb-12 wReivCj (Av.) Kvev kix‡di PZ¡‡i `yÕevi
Avgvi bvgv‡R BgvgwZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cÖ_g evi †hvn‡ii bvgvR cov‡jb hLb cÖwZwU
wRwb‡mi Qvqv RyZvi wdZvi gZ wQj| AZci wZwb Avm‡ii bvgvR cov‡jb hLb †Kvb
e¯‘i Qvqv Zvi mgvb wQj|
8. Avjx mveybx, cÖv¸³, c„. 67

10. eyLvix, Avj Rvwg, KzZze Lvbv Bmjvwgqv, †Ìe›`: Zv.we. 2q LÐ, c„ 1076
12. wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, AveIqveym mvjvZ, nv`xm bs-143, nv`xmwUi Aviex BeviZ wbæiƒc:
‫ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ان اﻟﻨﺒﻰ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎل اﻣﻨﻰ ﺟﺒﺮﯾﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺣﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﯿﺊ ﻣﺜﻞ اﺷﺮاك ﺛﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻛﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻇﻠﮫ ﺛﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻐﺮب ﺣﯿﻦ وﺟﺒﺖ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ واﻓﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺛﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء ﺣﯿﻦ ﻏﺎب اﻟﺸﻔﻖ ﺛﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺑﺮق اﻟﻔﺠﺮ و ﺣﺮم ا ﻟﻄﻌ ﺎ م ﻋﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺼ ﺎﺋ ﻢ و ﺻﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ا ﻟﻤ ﺮة ا ﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ا ﻟﻈﮭ ﺮ ﺣﯿ ﻦ ﻛ ﺎ ن ﻇ ﻞ ﻛ ﻞ ﺷﯿ ﺊ ﻣﺜ ﻠ ﮫ ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ا ﻟﻌ ﺼ ﺮ ﺑ ﺎﻻﻣﺲ ﺛ ﻢ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟﻌ ﺼ ﺮ ﺣﯿ ﻦ‬
‫ﻛ ﺎ ن ﻇ ﻞ ﻛ ﻞ ﺷﯿ ﺊ ﻣﺜ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﺛ ﻢ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟﻤﻐ ﺮب ﻟﻮ ﻗﺘ ﮫ اﻻو ل ﺛ ﻢ ﺻ ﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻌﺸ ﺎء اﻻ ﺧ ﺮة ﺣﯿ ﻦ ذھﺐ ﺛ ﻠﺚ‬
‫ا ﻟ ـ ﻠﯿ ﻞ ﺛ ﻢ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺼﺒﺢ ﺣﯿ ﻦ اﺳﻔ ﺮت اﻻ ر ض ﺛ ﻢ ا ﻟﺘﻔﺖ ا ﻟ ﻰ ﺟﺒ ﺮﯾ ﻞ ﻓﻘ ﺎل ﯾ ﺎ ﻣ ﺤﻤ ﺪ ھ ﺬ ا و ﻗﺖ‬
– ‫اﻻﻧﺒﯿ ﺎء ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻠﻚ و ا ﻟﻮ ﻗﺖ ﻓﯿﻤ ﺎ ھ ﺬﯾ ﻦ ا ﻟﻮ ﻗﺘﯿ ﻦ‬
AZci gvMwi‡ei bvgvR cov‡jb hLb m~h© Wy‡e †Mj Ges †ivhv`vi BdZvi K‡i|
AZci Gkvi bvgvR cov‡jb hLb kvdvK Z_v cwðg AvK‡ki jvwjgv A`„k¨ n‡q †Mj|
AZci dR‡ii bvgvR cov‡jb hLb †fvi we`y¨‡Zi gZ Av‡jvwKZ nj Ges †ivhv`v‡ii
Dci cvbvnvi nvivg nq| wZwb wØZxq w`b †hvn‡ii bvgvR cov‡jb hLb †Kvb e¯‘i Qvqv
Zvi mgvb nq Ges c~e©eZx© w`b wVK †h mgq Avm‡ii bvgvR cwo‡qwQ‡jb| AZci
Avm‡ii bvgvR cov‡jb hLb †Kvb e¯‘i Qvqv Zvi wØ¸Y nj| AZci gvMix‡ei bvgvR
cov‡jb c~‡e©i w`‡bi mg‡q| AZci Gkvi bvgvR cov‡jb hLb iv‡Zi GK Z…Zxqvsk
P‡j †Mj Ges dR‡ii bvgvR cov‡jb hLb Rwgb Av‡jvwKZ n‡q †Mj| AZci
wReivCj (Av.) Avgvi w`‡K wd‡i ej‡jb, †n gynv¤§`! GUvB nj Avcbvi c~e©eZx©
bex‡ì (bvgv‡Ri) Iqv³| bvgv‡Ri Iqv³ GB `yÕmxgvi gvSLv‡b|
(3) Avjøvni evYx-13 ‫ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻠﻮات واﻟﺼﻠﻮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬Ô‡Zvgiv mg¯Í bvgv‡Ri
cÖwZ hZœevb nI, we‡kl K‡i gaëZx© bvgv‡hi e¨vcv‡i|Õ G Avqv‡Z gaëZx© mvjv‡Zi
cÖwZ hZœevb n‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ gaëZx© mvjvZ †KvbwU Zv ejv nqwb|Õ ivm~j (mv.)
G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v w`‡q e‡jb-14 -‫ اﻟﺼﻠﻮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﺻﻠﻮة اﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ÔgaëZx© mvjvZ n‡”Q
Avm‡ii mvjvZ|Õ
(4) Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv n‡¾i e¨vcv‡i e‡jb-15 ‫وﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺣﺞ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﯿﮫ‬
- ‫ ﺳﺒﯿﻼ‬ÔAvi G N‡ii n¾ Kiv nj gvby‡li Dci Avjøvni cÖvc¨, †h †jv‡Ki mvg_©¨
i‡q‡Q G ch©šÍ †cŠuQvi|Õ G Avqv‡Z n‡¾i weavb eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ n¾
m¤úv`‡bi wbqg Kx n‡e Zv ejv nqwb| ivm~j (mv.) Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i e‡jb-16
-‫ﺧﺬو اﻋﻨﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻜﻜﻢ‬
Ô‡Zvgiv Avgvi †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì n‡¾i wbqg mg~n wk‡L bvI|Õ
(5) Avjøvni evYx-17 -‫ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻐﻀﻮب ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ وﻻ اﻟﻀﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ÔZv‡ì c_ bq, hv‡ì cÖwZ
†Zvgvi MRe bvwhj n‡q‡Q Ges hviv c_ åó n‡q‡Q|Õ G Avqv‡Z Mhe cÖvß ev Awfkß
Ges c_ åó Kviv, Zv‡ì cwiPq †`qv nqwb| ivm~j (mv.) Zv‡ì cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡i
e‡jb-18 ‫ ان اﻟﻤﻐﻀﻮب ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ھﻢ اﻟﯿﮭﻮد وان اﻟﻀﺎﻟﯿﻦ ھﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﺎرى‬Ôwbðq Awfkß nj
Zviv, hviv Bû`x| Avi c_åó nj Zviv, hviv bvmviv|Õ

14. eyLvix, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, c„. Zvdmxi Aa¨vq `ªóe¨
16. gymwjg, Avmmnxn, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c.„ 372
18. eyLvix, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, c„. Zvdmxi Aa¨vq `ªóe¨
(6) Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi evYx- – ‫ واﻋﺪواﻟﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة‬ÔAvi cÖ¯‘Z Ki Zv‡ì
mv‡_ hy‡×i Rb¨ hv-B wKQy msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi wb‡Ri kw³ mvg‡_©i ga¨ †_‡K|Õ19 G
Avqv‡Z ‫ اﻟﻘﻮة‬Gi e¨vL¨v wK Zv ejv nq wb| ivm~j (mv.) Gi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i e‡jb-20
-‫ واﻋﺪواﻟﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة وان اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺮﻣﻰ‬Ô‡Zvgiv cÖ¯‘Z ivL‡e Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡×i
Rb¨ hv wKQy mvg_© †Zvgv‡ì i‡q‡Q, Avi Zv n‡”Q, Zxi-abyK|Õ
(7) Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi evYx- ‫اﻧﺎ اﻋﻄﯿﻨﺎك اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ واﻧﺤﺮ ان ﺷﺎﻧﯿﻚ ھﻮ اﻻﺑﺘﺮ‬
Ôwbðq Avwg Avcbv‡K KvDmvi `vb K‡iwQ| AZGe Avcbvi cvjbKZ©vi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvgvh
co–b Ges †Kvievbx Kiæb| †h Avcbvi kÎæ †m-B †Zv †jRKvUv, wbe©sk|Õ21 G m~ivq
‫ اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ‬Gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zvi cwiPq †`qv nqwb| ivm~j (mv.) ‫ اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ‬Gi e¨vL¨v
cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) e‡jb-22 GK`v ivm~j (mv.) gmwR‡`
Dcw¯’Z n‡jb, nVvr Zuvi g‡a¨ Z›`ªv ev GK cÖKvi A‡PZbZvi fve †`Lv w`j| AZci
wZwb nvwm gy‡L gv_v Zz‡j ZvKv‡jb| Avgiv wRÁvmv Kijvg, †n Avjøvni ivm~j (mv.)
Avcbvi nvmvi KviY Kx? wZwb ej‡jb, GB gyû‡Z© Avgvi Dci GKwU m~iv AeZxY©
n‡q‡Q| AZci wZwb wemwgjøvnmn m~iv KvDQvi cvV Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb †Zvgiv wK
Rvb KvDQvi Kx? Avgiv ejjvg, Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~jB fvj Rv‡bb| wZwb ej‡jb-
‫ اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ ﻧﮭﺮ اﻋﻄﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ÔKvDQvi Rvbœv‡Zi GKwU cÖmªeY hv Avgv‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q|Õ
Gfv‡e ivm~j (mv.) cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci cÖvYešÍ Av‡jvPbv K‡i cweÎ
KziAvb‡K mvnvevM‡Yi wbKU AZ¨šÍ mnR‡eva¨ K‡i Zz‡j ai‡Zb| Avi GUvB n‡”Q-
‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬ev nv`xm Øviv KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v|

20. wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, cªv¸³, wKZveyZ Zvdmxi, nv`xm bs-3021
21. Avj KziAvb, 108 : 1-3
22. wZiwgwh, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, Zvdmxi Aa¨vq `ªóe¨, nv`xm bs-3296
mvnvev hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mvnvexMY Zuvi wbKU Ae¯’vb K‡i Zuvi K_v, KvR I †gŠb
m¤§wZi gva¨‡g cweÎ KziAvb gvRx`‡K cyY©v½iƒ‡c Abyaveb Kivi ‡Póv Ki‡Zb Ges
KziAv‡bi G e¨vL¨v †R‡b-ey‡S Zv cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Rbm¤§y‡L Zz‡j ai‡Zb|1 cweÎ
KziAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZ eyS‡Z bv cvi‡j Zuviv ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †K wRÁvmv K‡i D³
AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© c~Y©v½iƒ‡c AewnZ n‡Zb|2 Zuv‡ì †KD Zvdmxi wkÿv Ki‡Zb, †KD
Avj KziAvb gyL¯’ Ki‡Zb, †KD Zv wkÿv w`‡Zb, †KD Zv cÖPv‡ii wbwgË m‡e©vZfv‡e
AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡Zb|3 G cÖm‡½ nhiZ Igi (iv.) e‡jb-Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv AZ¨šÍ AbyMÖn
K‡i Avgv‡ì wbKU nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) †K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv wKQyB RvbZvg bv;
eis wcÖq bex (mv.) †K hv Ki‡Z †`LZvg Zv wk‡L wbZvg Ges Zuvi wb‡`©k AbyhvC Zv
Kv‡R cwiYZ KiZvg|4 Zuviv cweÎ KziAvb‡K Lye KvQ †_‡K Dcjwä Kivi my‡hvM
†c‡q‡Qb| †Kbbv Zuv‡ì †KD †KD wb‡RB wQ‡jb KziAvb Kvixg AeZi‡Yi Dcjÿ¨|
Zuv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ga¨Kvi welq‡K †K›`ª K‡iI KziAv‡bi A‡bK AvqvZ bvwhj n‡q‡Q|
†hgb-
(1) nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv.) eY©bv K‡i‡Qb,5 GK e¨w³ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi
†L`g‡Z G‡m Avih Ki‡jv †n Avjøvni ivm~j (mv.) Avwg ÿzavq KvZi| ZLb wZwb Zuvi
weweM‡Yi wbKU Lei cvVv‡jb| wKš‘ Zuv‡ì wbKU wKQyB †c‡jb bv| AZci ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) ej‡jb, Av‡Q wK †KD, AvR iv‡Z GB †jvKUv‡K †gngvb iƒ‡c MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i?
Avjøvn Zvi Dci ing Ki‡eb| ZLb AvbmviM‡Yi GKRb ùvwo‡q ej‡jb, Avwg ivwR
Bqv ivm~jvjøvn (mv.)| AZci wZwb †gngvbmn N‡i wbR ¯¿xi wbKU nvwRi n‡jb Ges
¯¿x‡K ej‡jb, Bwb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi †gngvb| Zuv‡K bv w`‡q †Kvb Lvevi Rgv K‡i
†i‡Lv bv| ¯¿x ej‡jb, Avjøvni Kmg! Avgvi wbKU †Q‡j ‡g‡q‡ì Avnvi wfbœ Avi wKQyB
†bB| ZLb Avbmvix ej‡jb, †Q‡j †g‡qiv iv‡Z Lvevi PvB‡j Zv‡ì Nyg cvwo‡q wÌ|
AZci Avgiv †L‡Z em‡j evwZwU wbwf‡q wÌ| iv‡Z Avgiv Afy³ _vK‡ev| myZivs ¯¿x
Zv-B Ki‡jb| Zvici †fvi †ejv Avbmvix ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Kv‡Q Avm‡jb| ZLb
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) ej‡jb, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv AgyK Ges Zvi ¯¿xi cÖwZ AZ¨waK mš‘ó
n‡q‡Qb Ges bvwhj K‡i‡Qb- -‫ وﯾﻮﺛﺮون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ وﻟﻮﻛﺎن ﺑﮭﻢ ﺧﺼﺎﺻﺔ‬ÔZviv
wb‡R‡ì Ici (Ab¨‡ì) cÖvavb¨ †`q hwÌ Zviv wb‡Riv ÿzavZ© wQj|Õ6
1. hviKvkx, AvjKziAvb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c.„ 61
2. wZiwghx kix‡d Gm‡Q- Avjøvni evYx- ‫ وﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺣﺞ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﯿﮫ ﺳﺒﯿﻼ‬G AvqvZ bvwhj
nIqvi ci mvnvevMY ivm~j (mv.) †K wRÁvmv K‡ib- ‫اﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ﯾﺎرﺳﻮل اﷲ اﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬
‫ ﻗﺎل ﻻ وﻟﻮﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻮﺟﺒﺖ‬Ôn‡¾i G wb‡`©k wK cÖwZ eQ‡ii Rb¨? wZwb Pzc _vK‡jb | Zuviv Avevi
ej‡jb-‡n Avjøvni ivm~j (mv.) G wb‡`©k wK cÖwZ eQ‡ii Rb¨? wZwb ej‡b, bv| hw` Avwg nüv
ejZvg,Z‡e Zv cÖwZ eQ‡ii Rb¨ Avek¨K n‡q †hZ| (wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, n¾
Aa¨vq)
3. AvCbx, Dg`vZzjKvix, `viæ, GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Aviex, êiæZ: Zv.we. 1g LÐ, c.„ 46
4. Avngv`, gymbv`, `viæj Kjg, êiæZ: Zv.we. 2q LÐ, c„. 65
(2) nhiZ Avãyjøvn Bebyh hyevBi (iv.) e‡jb-7 AvKiv Be‡b nvwem ivm~j (mv.)
Gi wbKU G‡j Avey eKi (iv.) ej‡jb- †n Avjøvni ivm~j (mv.) Zv‡K Zvi †Mv‡Îi
Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM Kiæb| Dgi (iv.) ej‡jb, †n Avjøvni ivmyj (mv.) Zv‡K Kg©KZ©v
wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Ki‡eb bv| welqwU wb‡q Zuviv Df‡q ivm~j (mv.) Gi mvg‡b weZ‡K© wjß
nb Ges Zuv‡ì KÉ¯î Pi‡g †cŠu‡Q| Avey eKi (iv.) Dgi (iv.) †K e‡jb, Avgvi
we‡ivwaZv KivB Avcbvi D‡Ïk¨| Dgi (iv.) ej‡jb, bv GUv Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ bq| ZLb
G AvqvZ bvwhj nq- ‫ﯾﺎ اﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻣﻨﻮا ﻻ ﺗﺮﻓﻌﻮا اﺻﻮاﺗﻜﻢ ﻓﻮق ﺻﻮت اﻟﻨﺒﻰ وﻻ ﺗﺠﮭﺮوا‬
-‫ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮل ﻛ ﺠﮭﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ان ﺗﺤﺒﻂ اﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ واﻧﺘﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻌﺮون‬
ÔgywgbMY! †Zvgiv bexi KÉ¯^‡ii Dci †Zvgv‡ì KÉ¯î DuPz K‡iv bv Ges †Zvgiv G‡K
Ac‡ii mv‡_ †hiƒc DuPz ¯^‡i K_v ej, Zuvi mv‡_ †miƒc DuPz ¯^‡i K_v ej bv| G‡Z
†Zvgv‡ì Kg© wbõj n‡q hv‡e Ges †Zvgiv †UiI cv‡e bv|Õ8
(3) nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.) e‡jb-9 AÜ mvnvex Avãyjøvn Be‡b D¤§y gvKZ~g
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi wbKU G‡m ej‡Z jvM‡jb, †n Avjøvni ivm~j (iv.)! Avgv‡K Øx‡bi
mwVK c_ e‡j w`b| ZLb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Kv‡Q gykwiK‡ì †bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³eM©
Dcw¯’Z wQj| ZvB wZwb (mv.) Zuv‡K D‡cÿv K‡ib Ges Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nb|
GB wel‡q Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv bvwhj K‡ib-10 ‫ﻋﺒﺲ وﺗﻮﻟﻰ ان ﺟﺎءه اﻻﻋﻤﻰ وﻣﺎ ﯾﺪرﯾﻚ ﻟﻌﻠﮫ‬
-‫ ﯾﺰﻛﻰ او ﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﺘﻨﻔﻌﮫ اﻟﺬﻛﺮى‬ÔwZwb åæKzwÂZ Ki‡jb Ges gyL wdwi‡q wb‡jb| KviY
Zuvi Kv‡Q GK AÜ AvMgb K‡i‡Q| Avcwb wK Rv‡bb, †m nq‡Zv cwiï× nZ, A_ev
Dc‡`k MÖnY KiZ Ges Dc‡`k Zvi DcKvi nZ|Õ
(4) nhiZ hv‡q` Be‡b AviKvg (iv.) e‡jb-11 Avwg †Kvb GK hy‡× mevi mv‡_
kwiK wQjvg| ZLb Avãyjøvn Be‡b DevB‡K ej‡Z ïbjvg †m g`xbvevmx‡ì‡K ej‡Q-
Ôivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU †h me †jvK i‡q‡Q, †Zvgiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ †Kvb iƒc LiP K‡iv bv,
†hb Zviv QÎf½ n‡q P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ nq| Avi Avgiv g`xbvq wd‡i †M‡j Aek¨B cÖej
e¨w³ (A_©vr †m wb‡R) `ye©j e¨w³‡K [ivm~j (mv.) †K] g`xbv †_‡K †ei K‡i †`‡e|Õ Zvi
G KUzw³ ï‡b Avwg Avgvi PvPvi wbKU GK_v e‡j w`jvg| wZwb Zv bex (mv.) Gi wbKU
e¨³ Ki‡jb| ZLb wZwb (mv.) Avgv‡K WvK‡jb| Avwg Zuvi wbKU me wKQy we¯ÍvwiZ
ejjvg| ZLb wZwb (mv.) Avãyjøvn Be‡b DevB‡K WvK‡jb| †m Ges Zvi mv_xiv kc_
K‡i ejj, Zviv Abyiƒc †Kvb Dw³ K‡i wb| d‡j Avwg ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi wbKU
wg_¨vev`x n‡q †Mjvg| Avi †m n‡q †Mj mZëv`x|
7. wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, Zvdmxi Aa¨vq, nv`xm bs -3204

9. wZiwghx, cÖv¸³, nv`xm bs - 3268
10. Avj KziAvb, 80 : 1-4
11. eyLvix, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, Zvdmxi Aa¨vq, nv`xm bs - 4532
G‡Z Avwg Ggb gb:Kó †cjvg Rxe‡b KLbI Abyiƒc Kó cvBwb| GgbwK Avwg evB‡i
Pjv‡div ev` w`‡q N‡iB e‡m iBjvg| Avgvi PvPv Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg Ggb e¨vcv‡i
†Kb RwoZ n‡Z †M‡j! hvi d‡j ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Kv‡Q wg_¨vev`x mve¨¯Í n‡j Ges
Zvui Amš‘wói KviY NUv‡j| G RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv bvwhj K‡ib-12
‫اذا ﺟﺎءك اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮن ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻧﺸﮭﺪ اﻧﻚ ﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﷲ واﷲ ﯾﻌﻠﻢ اﻧﻚ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﮫ واﷲ ﯾﺸﮭﺪ ان‬
– ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﯿﻦ ﻟﻜﺎذﺑﻮن‬
AZci ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Avgvi wbKU †jvK cvVv‡jb Ges G m~iv wZjvIqvZ K‡i
ïbv‡jb| Zvici ej‡jb, †n hv‡q`! wbðq Avjøvn †Zvgv‡K mZëv`x e‡j †NvlYv
K‡i‡Qb|
†h‡nZz mvnvevMY KziAvb Kvixg AeZx‡Y©i mgq Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Zb, ZvB KziAv‡bi
e¨vL¨v I cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbvejx Zviv mn‡RB Abyaveb K‡i wb‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ Avjøvgv
Be‡b KvwQi e‡jb- hLb KziAvb I mybœvn n‡Z †Kvb Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi cvIqv hv‡e bv,
ZLb mvnvevM‡Yi e³‡eï kibvcbœ n‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv Zuviv KziAvb m¤ú‡K© fvjfv‡e
Rv‡bb| KziAvb bvwh‡ji mgq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì eyS kw³, Áv‡bi cÖmviZv I
Avg‡ji weï×Zv wQj cÖkœvZxZ|13 mvnvevMY hLb †Kvb Avqv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v
KziAvb I nv`x‡m Lyu‡R †c‡Zb bv, ZLb Zuviv wbR¯^ Bj‡gi Av‡jv‡K BRwZnv`
Ki‡Zb| KziAvb eySvi †ÿ‡Î Zuv‡ì G BRwZnv` Kivi cÖgvY ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi
wReÏkv‡ZI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| mnxn eyLvix‡Z G‡m‡Q R‰bK mvnvex Zvdmxi wel‡q
cwic°Zv jv‡fi c~‡e© KziAv‡b Kvwi‡gi wb‡æv³ Avqv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i BRwZnv` K‡ib-
‫وﻛﻠﻮا واﺷﺮﺑﻮا ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺘﺒﯿﻦ ﻟﻜﻢ اﻟﺨﯿﻂ اﻻﺑﯿﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﯿﻂ اﻻﺳﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺛﻢ اﺗﻤﻮا اﻟﺼﯿﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻰ اﻟـﻠﯿﻞ‬
Ô‡Zvgiv cvbvnvi Ki hZÿY bv (iv‡Zi) Kv‡jv †iLvi c‡i †fv‡ii mv`v ‡iLv ¯úó †`qv
hvq| Zvici ivZ ch©šÍ †ivhv c~Y© K‡iv|Õ14 G AvqvZ bvwhj nIqvi ci Av`x Be‡b
nvwZg (iv.) GKwU Kv‡jv m~Zv I GKwU mv`v m~Zv wb‡q evwj‡ki bx‡P ivL‡jb| wKš‘
Kv‡jv mv`vi cv_©K¨ aiv coj bv| mKvj n‡j wZwb ej‡jb, †n Avjøvni ivm~j! Avwg
Kv‡jv I mv`v `yÕwU m~Zv Avgvi evwj‡ki bx‡P †i‡LwQjvg| NUbv ï‡b ivm~j (mv.)
ej‡jb, Zvn‡j †Zvgvi evwjk‡Zv LyeB j¤^v †`LwQ! KviY iv‡Zi Kvj cÖvšÍ †iLv I
†fv‡ii mv`v cÖvšÍ †iLv †Zvgvi evwj‡ki bx‡P ¯’vb msKzjvb n‡q‡Q| Gici ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) ej‡jb, bv G `yÕwU m~Zv bq; eis iv‡Zi AÜKvi I w`‡bi Av‡jv|Õ15 Avj
KziAv‡bi A_© Abyave‡bi Rb¨ Zuviv KL‡bv KL‡bv c~e©eZx© hy‡Mi Kwe‡ì KweZv cvV
Ki‡Zb| †hgb- Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) e‡jb- Avj KziAv‡bi A_© mg~n †Zvgiv cÖvPxb
KweZv mg~‡n AbymÜvb Ki, †Kbbv KweZv nj Avi‡ei Rxebv‡jL¨|16
13. Be‡b KvCi, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvCi, (Aa¨vcK AvLZvi dviæK Ab~w`Z), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 2003 L„. c„. 3
14. Avj KziAvb, 2 : 187
15. eyLvix, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, Zvdmxi Aa¨vq, nv`xm bs- 4152/53
16. Av.Z.g gyQ‡jn DwÏb, Aviex mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 8
G QvovI Zuviv A‡bK Avqv‡Zi g‡g©v×v‡i Avi‡ei cÖPwjZ cÖ_vi mvnvh¨ wb‡Zb|
†hgb Avjøvni evYx-
- ÔAvi wcQ‡bi w`K w`‡q N‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi g‡a¨ †Kvb †bKx ev Kj¨vY
†bB| Aek¨ †bKx nj Avjøvn‡K fq Kivi g‡a¨| Avi †Zvgiv N‡i cÖ‡ek Ki ìRv w`‡q
Ges Avjøvn‡K fq Ki‡Z _vK hv‡Z †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì evmbvq K…ZKvh© n‡Z cvi|Õ17 G
cÖm‡½ Ab¨ Avqv‡Z G‡m‡Q-
‫اﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺊ زﯾﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﯾﻀﻞ ﺑﮫ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻛﻔﺮوا ﯾﺤﻠﻮﻧﮫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ وﯾﺤﺮﻣﻮﻧﮫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﯿﻮاﻃﺆا ﻋﺪة ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮم اﷲ‬
-‫ﻓﯿﺤﻠﻮ اﻣﺎ ﺣﺮم اﷲ‬
ÔGB gvm wcwQ‡q †`qvi KvR †Kej Kzdixi gvÎv e„w× K‡i, hvi d‡j Kv‡diMY
†Mvgivnx‡Z cwZZ nq| Giv nvjvj K‡i †bq G‡K GK eQi Ges nvivg K‡i †bq Ab¨
eQi, hv‡Z Zviv MYbv c~Y© K‡i †bq Avjøvni wbwl× gvm ¸‡jvi| AZci nvjvj K‡i
†bq Avjøvni nvivgK…Z gvm ¸‡jv‡K|Õ18
D³ AvqvZØ‡qi gg©v_© Avi‡ei Bû`x-Lªxóvb‡ì gv‡S cÖPwjZ cÖ_vi gva¨‡g
h_vh_ fv‡e Dcjwä Kiv hvq|19 Ggwbfv‡e mvnvevMY cweÎ KziAv‡bi gg©v_©
e¨vcKfv‡e ü`q½g Ki‡Z m‡Pó _vK‡Zb| Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Zvdmx‡ii wekvj
Ávb fvÐvi we`¨gvb wQj| mvnvevMY †_‡K cÖvß wiIqvqvZ I Zvdmxi mg~‡ni gva¨‡gB
cieZx©‡Z ÔAvZ Zvdmxi wej gvQ~iÕ iPbv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| Zuv‡ì gva¨‡gB mviv we‡k¦
Bj‡g Øxb m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡qwQj| Zuviv wewfbœ RvqMvq Bj‡g Zvdmx‡ii gRwjm Kv‡qg
K‡iwQ‡jb| g`xbv, wgmi, wmwiqv I BivK mn AmsL¨ GjvKvi gmwR` ¸‡jv‡Z Zuviv
Bj‡g KziAvb wkÿv w`‡Zb| G †ÿ‡Î nhiZ ÐhvBdv Bebyj Bqvgvb (iv.) AvhvievBhvb,
Avg©vwbqv, wmwiqv I Biv‡K hy×iZ gymwjg gyRvwn`‡ì‡K Bj‡g KziAvb wkÿv w`‡Zb|
Avgi Bebyj Avm (iv.) wgk‡i, gyÔAvR Beby Rvevj (iv.) wmwiqvq, mvÕ` web Avwe
Iqv°vm (iv.) Biv‡K Bj‡g KziAvb wkÿv †`qvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb|20 Z‡e H hy‡M
Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb wKZve msKwjZ nqwb; eis Zvdmxi PP©v nZ wewÿßfv‡e| ZvB H hy‡M
wjwLZ †Kvb AvqvZ ev m~ivi wbqgZvwš¿K avivevwnK Zvdmxi cvIqv hvq bv|21 Avi
†mUv wQj Bj‡g Zvdmxi PP©vi m~Pbv Kvj| mKj mvnvex Zvdmxi PP©vq mgfv‡e Ask
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb e¨vcviwU GgbI bq; eis G †ÿ‡Î †KD †KD AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i
Bj‡g Zvdmxi PP©vi w`Kcvj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z n‡q Av‡Qb| wb‡æ Zuv‡ì K‡qKR‡bi
Ae`v‡bi bvwZ`xN© Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv nj :
17. Avj KziAvb, 2 : 189
19. hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæj, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 57
20. gynv¤§` mveevM, jvgnvZ dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, Avj gvKZvevZzj Bmjvgx, `v‡g¯‹: 1394 wn. c„ 202
21. gvbœv Avj KvËvb, gvevwnm wd Djywgj KziAvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 348
Zvdmxi wekvi` cÖwm× mvnvevMY (iv.)
nhiZ Avjx (600-663 L„.)
Zuvi esk cwiPq nj, Avjx Be‡b Avex Zv‡je Be‡b Avew`j gyËvwje Avj-
nvwkgx Avj-Kzivqkx (iv.)| wZwb wQ‡jb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Avcb PvPv‡Zv fvB I
RvgvZv| wK‡kvi‡ì g‡a¨ me© cÖ_g gymwjg| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi beyIqvZ cÖvwßi `k
eQi c~‡e© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|22 ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Zuv‡K Lye †ekx †mœn Ki‡Zb| wZwb AZ¨šÍ
kw³kvjx I mvnmx †hv×v wQ‡jb| Zvey‡Ki hy× e¨ZxZ mKj hy‡× wZwb bex ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) Gi mv‡_ Ask MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb ÔAvkviv gyevkkvivÕ Z_v Rvbœv‡Zi mymsev`
cÖvß `kR‡bi GKRb|23 nhiZ Avjx wQ‡jb ‫ ﺑﺤﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬Z_v Áv‡bi mgy`ªZzj¨|24 bvbv
cÖwZKzj cwi‡e‡ki gv‡SI wZwb Ávb PP©v Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Zb| wZwb nv`xm,25 Zvdmxi I
Aviex e¨vKi‡Y AmvaviY cvwÐ¨‡Zi cÖgvY ‡i‡L‡Qb| mye³v I Kwe wn‡m‡eI Zuvi L¨vwZ
wQj| ÔwÌqvbÕ bv‡g nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi GKwU KweZvi msKjb cvIqv hvq, hv‡Z
Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jv KweZvi 1400wU †køvK ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q|26 Zuvi mgmvgwqK mvnvevMY
hLbB †Kvb RwUj wel‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡Zb, ZLbB Zuviv nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi Kv‡Q
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ P‡j †h‡Zb|27 Zuvi cÖÁv m¤ú‡K© gbxwlMY wewfbœ e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb :
* nhiZ AvjKvgv e‡jb-28 ‫ اﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ اﺻﺤﺎب ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ؟ ﻗﺎل ﻻ‬: ‫ﻗﯿﻞ ﻟﻌﻄﺎء‬
‫واﷲ ﻻ اﻋﻠﻤﮫ‬
* mvC` Be‡b hyevBi Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib-29
-‫اذا اﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻌﺪل ﻋﻨﮫ اﻟﻰ ﻏﯿﺮه‬
* nhiZ Avey †Zvdv‡qj (iv.) e‡jb-30 ÔAvwg Avjx (iv.) †K Lyrev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
†`‡LwQ| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, KziAvb m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡K wRÁvmv Ki, †Kbbv Avjøvni kc_!
KziAv‡bi Ggb †Kvb AvqvZ †bB †h m¤ú‡K© Avwg AeMZ bB †h, Zv iv‡Z bvwhj
n‡q‡Q, bv w`‡b? cvnv‡o bvwhj n‡q‡Q, bv gq`v‡b?Õ
* cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii e¨vcv‡i nhiZ Avjxi (iv.) cvwÐ‡Zï MfxiZv cÖm‡½
nhiZ Be‡b gmD` (iv.) e‡jb-31
22. W. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÔey`, Avmnv‡e ivm~‡ji Rxeb K_v, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv: 1989 L„. 1g LÐ,
c„ 47
23. W. ûmvBb Avhhvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 88
24. cÖv¸³
25. nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v 586wU| Zb¥‡a¨ 49wU mnxn eyLvix‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| (gynv¤§` Aveyj
gvey`, cÖv¸³)
26. W. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 55
27. W. ûmvBb Avhhvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 89
28. cÖv¸³
29. cÖv¸³
30. nhiZ Avey †Zvdv‡qj (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z, ‫ ﺳﻠﻮﻧﻰ واﷲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺎﻟﻮﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺷﯿﺊ‬: ‫ﻗﺎل ﺷﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وھﻮ ﯾﺨﻄﺐ وﯾﻘﻮل‬
-
(myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„ 187)
31. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 90
‫ان اﻟﻘﺮان اﻧﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ اﺣﺮف ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺣﺮف اﻻ وﻟﮫ ﻇﮭﺮ وﺑﻄﻦ ان ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ اﺑﻰ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬
-‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮ واﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬
ÔKziAvb mvZ m~i‡Z bvwhj n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖwZwU m~i‡Zi i‡q‡Q GKwU cÖKvk¨ A_© I
GKwU AcÖKvk¨ A_©| Avi Avjx (iv.) Gi wbKU `yÕwU wel‡qi BjgB mgvb fv‡e
we`¨gvb|Õ
* Bj‡g Zvdmx‡ii Dci nhiZ Avjxi (iv.) Gi `Lj KZUzKz wQj Zv Zuvi wb‡Ri
e³‡eï gva¨‡g Dcjwä Kiv hvq| wZwb cÖm½µ‡g e‡j‡Qb-32
‫واﷲ ﻣﺎﻧﺰﻟﺖ اﯾﺔ اﻻ وﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ واﯾﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ وان رﺑﻰ وھﺐ ﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺒﺎ ﻋﻘﻮﻻ وﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎ‬
-‫ﺳﻮؤﻻ‬
ÔAvjøvni Kmg Avwg cÖwZwU Avqv‡Zi e¨vcv‡iB Rvwb GwU KLb, †Kv_vq, wK m¤ú‡K©
bvwhj n‡q‡Q| Avgvi cÖf~ Avgv‡K Ávbc~Y© AšÍi I (MÖnYxq) cÖv_©bvi fvlv `vb
K‡i‡Qb|Õ
ivm~j (mv.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci nhiZ Avjx (iv.) †K nhiZ Avey eK‡ii (iv.)
†LjvdZ Kv‡j ivóªxq KvR K‡g© †Zgb GKUv †`Lv †hZ bv| †Kvb †Kvb †jv‡Ki gv‡S G
aviYvI Rb¥v‡jv †h, wZwb Lwjdv wbe©vwPZ bv nIqvq gg©vnZ n‡q‡Qb, Avi G Kvi‡YB
wZwb †Kvb ivóªxq Kv‡R †hvM w`‡”Qb bv| G m¤ú‡K© Zuv‡K wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb-
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi B‡šÍKv‡ji ci Avwg Zvdmx‡ii Ávb mvabvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡qwQ|
Avwg †m mËvi kc_ K‡i ejwQ, whwb gynv¤§` (mv.) †K mZ¨ Øxbmn †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb,
ivm~~jyjøvn (mv.) m~iv dv‡Znv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡K †h Ávb `vb K‡i‡Qb, Zv hw` Avwg
wjwce× Kwi, Z‡e †m KvMR ¸‡jv mvZk D‡Ui †evSv n‡q hv‡e|33 nhiZ Avjx (iv.)
†h‡nZz †kl Rxe‡b Kzdvq emevm K‡i‡Qb †m‡nZz H AÂ‡jB wZwb Bj‡g Zvdmx‡ii
†L`gZ †ekx K‡i‡Qb| Avi G Kvi‡YB Zuvi AwaKvsk eY©bv Kzdvi Awaevmx‡ì m~‡Î
ewY©Z|34 Bgvg hvnvex (i.) nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi Zvdmx‡ii K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m~Î
D‡jøL K‡ib|35
‫ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ھﺸﺎم ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﯿﺪة اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﯾﺨﺮج‬: ‫اوﻻ‬
– ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرى وﻏﯿﺮه‬
‫ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺑﻦ اﺑﻰ اﻟﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻰ اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ وھﺬه ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬: ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬
– ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﯿﯿﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮه‬
‫ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺰھﺮى ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ زﯾﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻦ اﺑﯿﮫ اﻟﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ اﺑﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ وھﺬه ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬: ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
– ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﺟﺪا ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺪھﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﺻﺢ اﻻﺳﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‬
Bj‡g Zvdmxi RM‡Zi G w`Kcvj m~`xN© Pvi eQi bq gvm gymwjg we‡k¦i Lwjdv
wn‡m‡e c~Y© cÖÁv I wePÿYZvi mv‡_ wLjvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi ci 40 wn. m‡bi
17B ighvb kwbevi cÖZz¨‡l cvwcô Avãyi ingvb Be‡b gyjwRg Avj Lv‡iRxi
32. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, c„. 90
33. Bgvg DwÏb Be‡b Kvwmi, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c.„ 127
34. ZvKx Imgvbx, Dj~gyj KziAvb, gvKZvev `viæj Dj~g, KivwP, 1415 wn. 2q LÐ, c„. 218
35. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 90
nv‡Z kvnv`vr eiY K‡ib| Zuvi `yÕm¤§vbxZ cyÎ nhiZ nvmvb I ûmvBb (iv.) Zuv‡K
†kl †Mvmj cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges nhiZ nvmvb (iv.) Zuvi Rvbvhvi mvjv‡Z BgvgwZ K‡ib|
iv‡Zi †kl cÖn‡i Kzdvi Bhhx Kei¯’v‡b Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|1
Avãyjøvn Beby AveŸvm (620-691 L„.)
wZwb n‡jb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi wcÖq mvnvex Avãyjøvn (iv.)| KzwbqvZ Aveyj
AveŸvm| wcZvi bvg AveŸvm, gvZv D¤§yj dv`j jyevev| KzivBk es‡ki nv‡kgx kvLvi
mšÍvb| D¤§yj gyÕwgbxb gvqgybv (iv.) Zuvi Avcb Lvjv| wnRi‡Zi wZb eQi c~‡e© wZwb
g°vi wkqv‡e Avwe Zvwj‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|2 ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji mgq Zuvi
eqm wQj 13 eQi| GZ`m‡Z¡I wZwb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi GK nvRvi QqkZ lvUwU
nvw`m gyL¯’ K‡i msiÿY K‡ib|3 Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Zuvi AMva cvwÐZ¨ I ey¨rcwË jÿYxq|
GK`v nhiZ Dgi (iv.) KziAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v wR‡Ám K‡i Avãyjøvn‡K
cixÿv K‡ib| †m cixÿvq wZwb DËxY© n‡j Dgi (iv.) e‡jb-4 ÔG †Zv †`LwQ e„×‡ì
gZ hyeK|Õ wZwb wQ‡jb eq‡m bexb wKš‘ Áv‡b cÖexY| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Avgi Be‡b nvekx
e‡jb, Avwg Be‡b Dgvi‡K GKwU AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© wRÁvm Kijvg| wZwb ej‡jb Zzwg
Be‡b AveŸvm‡K wR‡Ám Ki, †Kbbv gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Dci hv wKQy AeZxY© n‡q‡Q †m
m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ huviv Aewkó Av‡Qb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ wZwbB AwaK Ávbx|5
nhiZ Dgi (iv.) Gi kvmbvg‡j ¯^í eqm m‡Z¡I Dgi (iv.) Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †_‡K
civgk© MÖnY Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zuvi Kv‡Q KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi wR‡Ám Ki‡Zb| nhiZ Be‡b
AveŸvm (iv.) wewfbœ gRwj‡m Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdKn, mxivZ, gvMvhx, mvwnZ¨ I BwZnvm
BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb|6 Zuv‡K †K›`ª K‡i g°vq Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i GKwU
wkÿv †K›`ª ¯’vwcZ nq| G cÖm‡½ Be‡b ZvBwgqv e‡jb-7 g°vi †jv‡Kiv KziAv‡bi
Zvdmx‡ii PgrKvi Ávb iv‡Lb, KviY Zuviv Be‡b AveŸv‡mi wkl¨| Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Abb¨
cvwÐ‡Zï Rb¨ Zuv‡K ‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎن اﻟﻘﺮان‬ev ÔKziAv‡bi fvl¨KviÕ Dcvax‡Z f~wlZ Kiv
n‡qwQj|8 Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Zuvi cvwÐ‡Zï ¯^xK…wZ K‡qK Rb we‡klÁ Avwj‡gi gZvgZ
†_‡K AviI ¯úó n‡q D‡V|
1. Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 53

2. W. dvnv` iægx, DjygyZ Zvdmxi, gvKZvevZzZ ZvIev, wiqv` : 1416 wn. c„. 28
3. Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 3q LÐ, c„. 131
4. cÖv¸³
5. Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjbx, Bmvev, 2q LÐ, c„.332
6. Gb mvB‡K¬vwcwWqv Ae Bmjvg (D`©y), D×„Z : weL¨vZ gydvmwmi eM© (100-400wn.) : Rxeb I Zvdmxi
c×wZ| (wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©) M‡elK : †gvnv: bRiæj Bmjvg Lvb, Xv.we. 1999-2000, c„. 236
7. Avhhvnvex, AvZZvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 65
8. hvnvex, wmqviæ Avjg, 3q LÐ, c„. 347
 nhiZ Avjx (iv.) e‡jb- KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi eY©bvi cÖv°v‡j g‡b nq †hb Be‡b
AveŸvm GKwU ¯^”Q c`v©i AšÍivj †_‡K A`„k¨ welq mg~n cÖZ¨ÿ Ki‡Qb|9
 nhiZ hvwq` web mvweZ (iv.) BwšÍKvj Ki‡j nhiZ Avey Ðivqiv (iv.) gšÍe¨ K‡ib,
GB D¤§‡Zi weÁ Avwjg g„ZzëiY Ki‡jb Ges Avwg Avkv Kwi Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv
Be‡b AveŸvm‡K Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ Ki‡eb|10
 gyRvwn` (i.) e‡jb- nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) hLb Zvdmxi Ki‡Zb ZLb Avwg
Zuvi g‡a¨ b~i †`L‡Z †cZvg|11
 gvmiæK Be‡b AvR`v e‡jb- Avwg hLb Be‡b AveŸvm‡K †`Ljvg ZLb ejjvg
my›ìZg e¨w³, hLb Zuvi K_v ïbjvg ejjvg m‡e©vËg cÖvÄjfvlx Ges hLb wZwb
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb ejjvg, me©vwaK Ávbx e¨w³|12
 nhiZ Avey Iqv‡qj e‡jb- nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi hy‡M Avãyjøvn Beby AveŸvm (iv.)
n‡¾i `jcwZ wbhy³ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb fvl‡Y m~iv evKviv cvV K‡ib Ges Ggb
my›ì fv‡e Zvdmxi K‡ib †h, hw` Zzi¯‹, †ivg I `vnjv‡gi KvwdiMY Zv ïb‡Z
†cZ Z‡e ZvivI Zrÿbvr webv ev‡K¨ gymjgvb n‡q †hZ|13
 Be‡b Dgi (iv.) e‡jb- ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY© KziAvb m¤ú‡K© D¤§v‡Zi
g‡a¨ nhiZ AveŸvm (iv.) n‡”Qb me‡P‡q Ávbx e¨w³|14
 nhiZ IiIqv (iv.) e‡jb- Bj‡g Zvdmx‡i Be‡b AveŸv‡mi Zzj¨ †Kvb Ávbx †jvK
Avgvi bh‡i c‡owb|15
Be‡b AveŸv‡mi Zvdmx‡ii c×wZ wQj- KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v Kiv|
†Kvb Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq KziAv‡bi Ab¨ AvqvZ cvIqv bv †M‡j wZwb nv`xm w`‡q e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Zb| hw` †Kvb nv`xm cvIqv bv †hZ Zvn‡j wZwb BRwZnv` Øviv Zvdmxi Ki‡Zb|
G R‡b¨ wZwb Avie‡ì ixwZbxwZ I Zuv‡ì cÖPwjZ evMaviv Ges cÖev` cÖeP‡bi
mvnvhÏ wb‡Zb| wZwb kãMZ we‡køl‡Y ‡ekx cÖqvmx wQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq| wZwb
ej‡Zb-16 ÔhLb †Zvgiv KziAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZ co Ges Zvi gg©v_© eyS‡Z bv cvi,
Zvn‡j Avie‡ì KweZv ¸”Q Zvjvk Ki| †Kbbv, KweZv nj Avie‡ì wÌqvb|Õ17
Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi cvwÐZ¨ I Áv‡bi cÖwmw× gyjZ cuvPwU Kvi‡Y
n‡qwQj|18 KviY ¸‡jv nj-
9. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÕey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 139

10. Avhhvnvex, AvZZvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 69
11. Be‡b Kvmxi, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi, gyLeÜ, W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb Ab~w`Z, Zvdmxi cvewj‡Kkb KwgwU,
3q ms¯‹iY, XvKv 1999, c„. 41
12. W. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÕey`, Avmnv‡e ivm~‡ji Rxeb K_v, cÖv¸³, c„. 137
13. Be‡b Kvmxi, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 41
14. Avhhvnvex, AvZZvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, c„. 69
15. Avãyj gvÕey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 138
16. Ðmbym mvnvev wd kvi‡n AvkAvwik mvnvev, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, f~wgKvsk `ªóe¨
17. – ‫اذا ﻗﺮأ ﺛﻢ ﺷﯿﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻮه ﻓﺎﻃﻠﺒﻮه ﻓﻰ اﺷﻌﺎر اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﺎن اﻟﺸﻌﺮ دﯾﻮان اﻟﻌﺮب‬
18. Avhhvnvex, AvZZvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwm iæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 67
1| gnvbex (mv.) Gi `yÔAv : ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Zuvi Rb¨ `yÔAv K‡i e‡j‡Qb-
‫ اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ ﻓﻘﮭﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ وﻋﻠﻤﮫ اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ‬Ô †n Avjøvn! Zzwg Zv‡K Øx‡bi mwVK eyS `vI, Zv‡K
Zvwej ev e¨vL¨v wkLvI|Õ19 ‫ اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﮫ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬Ô‡n Avjøvn! Zv‡K KziAvb I
wnKgvZ wkÿv `vI|Õ20
‫اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ ﺑﺎرك ﻓﯿﮫ واﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ‬
Ô‡n Avjøvn! Zvi gv‡S eiKZ `vb Ki Ges Zvi gva¨‡g Bj‡gi PP©v e¨vcK Ki|Õ21
‫اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ اﺗـﮫ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
Ô‡n Avjøvn! Zv‡K Zzwg wnKgvZ `vb Ki|Õ22
Avãyjøvn Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) e‡jb- GK`v Avwg ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi ìev‡e wM‡q
nhiZ wReivCj (Av.) †K †`L‡Z †cjvg| wReivCj (Av.) ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †K jÿ¨
K‡i ej‡jb- G †jvKwU Avcbvi D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ myweÁ e¨w³‡Z cwiYZ n‡eb, Avcwb
Zuvi Rb¨ `yÕAv Kiæb|23
2| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mvnPh©¨ jvf t wZwb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †_‡K mivmwi cweÎ
KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v kªe‡Yi †mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| †h‡nZz ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) wQ‡jb cweÎ
KziAv‡bi RxešÍ e¨vL¨v, †m‡nZz wZwb KziAv‡bi A‡bK e¨vcv‡iB ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi
bxwZ mivmwi †`Lvi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Qb|
3| wkÿv MÖn‡Yi AvMÖn t G cÖm‡½ wZwb wb‡RB e‡jb- ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji
ci Avwg GKwU wel‡q Rvbvi Rb¨ GK mvnvexi evwo‡Z Dcw¯’Z njvg| ga¨výKvjxb
wekªv‡gi mgq Dcw¯’Z n‡j Avwg Zuvi ìRvq Pvì wewQ‡q ï‡q cojvg| evZvm ayjvevwj
Dwo‡q Avgvi kixi GKvKvi K‡i †djj| A_P Avwg Zuv‡K RvMÖZ K‡i mvÿv‡Zi
AbygwZ PvB‡j wZwb AbygwZ w`‡Zb| wZwb Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q Avgvi Ae¯’v †`‡L
ej‡jb, †n ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi PvPv‡Zv fvB! Avcwb wK D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡m‡Qb? Avgv‡K Lei
w`‡j †Zv Avwg wb‡R wM‡qB mvÿvr K‡i AvmZvg| ZLb Avwg ejjvg, Ávb G‡m MÖnY
Kivi e¯‘, wM‡q weZiY Kivi e¯‘ bq|24
4| Aviex fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ AMva cvwÐZ¨ t wZwb Aviex fvlv I mvwn‡Zï eo gv‡ci
cwÐZ wQ‡jb| Aviex fvlv I mvwn‡Zï êwkó¨ I eënvwiK ixwZ-bxwZi e¨vcv‡i Mfxi
Áv‡bi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb-25
‫ﺣﻔﻈﮫ ﻟـﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﮫ ﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﮭﺎ واداﺑﮭﺎ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮭﺎ واﺳﺎﻟﯿﺒﮭﺎ وﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺴﺘﺸﮭﺪ‬
– ‫ﻟـﻠﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺬى ﯾﻔﮭﻤﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﻘﺮان ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ واﻻﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻰ‬
19. Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Avj Bmvev, 2q LÐ, c„. 323

20. Avhhvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 67
21. Be‡b nvRvi Avm Kvjvbx, cÖv¸³, c„ 323
22. Avãyj gvÕey`, cÖv¸³, c„ 133
23. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 68
24. Avh hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 68
25. Avh hvnex, cÖv¸³
5| BRwZnv` Kivi †hvM¨Zv t Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zuv‡K BRwZnv` Kivi †hvM¨Zv

w`‡qwQ‡jb| KziAv‡bi wewfbœ RwUj Avqv‡Zi †hŠw³K mgvavb wZwb ZvrÿwYK fv‡e
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| GK`v R‰bK e¨w³ nhiZ Be‡b Dgi (iv.) Gi Kv‡Q KziAv‡bi
GB AvqvZ26 m¤ú‡K©- ‫ ان اﻟﺴﻤﻮات واﻻرض ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ رﺗﻘﺎ ﻓﻔﺘﻘﻨﺎ ھﻤﺎ‬e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z PvB‡j
wZwb Be‡b AveŸv‡mi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q †`b| ‡jvKwU Be‡b AveŸv‡mi Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z
PvB‡j wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvKv‡ki gyL eÜ nIqviÕ A_© e„wó eÜ nIqv, Avi ÔRwg‡bi gyL
eÜ nIqviÕ A_© Dw™¢` bv Rb¥v‡bv|Õ AZci ÔAvKv‡ki gyL †LvjvÕ A_© e„wó ewl©Z nIqv
ÔAvi Rwg‡bi gyL †LvjvÕ A_© Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bv| †jvKwU wd‡i Be‡b Dgi (iv.) †K Be‡b
AveŸv‡mi (iv.) K…Z e¨vL¨v ïbv‡jb| ZLb Be‡b Dgi (iv.) ej‡jb-27 Avwg G hver
g‡b KiZvg, KziAvb m¤ú‡K© K_v ejv Be‡b AveŸv‡mi (iv.) `y:mvnm ê wKQyB bq|
wKš‘ GLb eyS‡Z cviwQ, mwZ¨B Zuv‡K Ávb `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|28
Bj‡g Zvdmx‡i nhiZ Be‡b AveŸv‡mi (iv.) AMva cvwÐ‡Zï wcQ‡b †h, ivm~j
(mv.) Gi cweÎ `yÔAvB †h g~j KviY Zv nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) AKc‡U ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb-29 GKw`b ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) ARy Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡jb, Avwg
`ªæZ cvwbi eë¯’v K‡i w`jvg| Avgvi Kv‡R wZwb Lye Lykx n‡jb| bvgv‡R hLb ùvovjvg
ZLb Avgv‡K Zuvi cv‡k ùvov‡bvi Rb¨ Bw½Z Ki‡jb| wKš‘ Avwg Zuvi wcQ‡b ùvovjvg|
bvgvR †kl K‡i Avgvi w`‡K wZwb wd‡i wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Avãyjøvn! Avgvi cv‡k ùvov‡Z
wK‡m †Zvgv‡K weiZ ivL‡jv? ejjvg, Bqv ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Avgvi `„wó‡Z Avcwb gnv
m¤§vwbZ Ges Avcwb GZB gh©v`vevb †h, Avwg Avcbvi cvkvcvwk nIqvi Dchy³ e‡j
g‡b Kwiwb| mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb AvKv‡ki w`‡K `yÕnvZ Zz‡j `yÔAv Ki‡jb- ‫اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ اﺗﮫ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
ÔAvjøvn! Avcwb Zv‡K weÁvb `vb Kiæb|Õ
AvjøvncvK Zuvi wcÖq bexi G `yÕAv Keyj K‡ib Ges nv‡kgx evjK‡K GZ AwaK
Ávb `vb K‡ib †h, eo eo Ávbx‡ìI wZwb Cl©vi cv‡Î cwiYZ nb| Z…Zxq Lwjdv
nhiZ Dmgv‡bi (iv.) hy‡M wnRix 27 m‡b wgm‡ii Iqvjx Avãyjøvn Beb Aviex mvevni
†bZ…‡Z¡ Avwd«Kvq GKwU Awfhvb cwiPvwjZ nq| Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) g`xbv †_‡K GKwU
evwnbx wb‡q G Awfhv‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib Ges gymwjg c‡ÿi `~Z wnmv‡e Avwd«Kvi
ev`kvn RviRx‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| ev`kvn Zuvi cÖLi †gav I eyw×gËv †`‡L
gšÍe¨ K‡ib : ÔAvgvi aviYv, Avcwb Avie‡ì GKRb gnvÁvbx e¨w³|Õ30 G gnvb
gbxlx my`xN© w`b Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi Øx‡bi GKwbô Lv‡`g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i 68 wn.
gyZvweK 686 /688 L„. Zv‡qd bM‡i BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Idv‡Zi mgq Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj
GKvËi eQi| gynv¤§` Bebyj nvbvwdq¨v Zuvi Rvbvhvi bvgv‡R BgvgwZ K‡ib| Zuv‡K
Zv‡qd bMix‡ZB `vdb Kiv nq|31
27. Avh hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 68
28. - ‫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺠﺒﻨﻰ ﺟﺮأة اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮان ﻓﺎﻻن ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ اﻧﮫ اوﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬: ‫ﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ اﻗﻮل‬
29. Avãyj gvÕey`, Avmnv‡e ivm~‡ji Rxeb K_v, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 132
30. cÖv¸³, c„. 133
31. cÖv¸³, c„. 139
Avãyjøvn Be‡b gvmD` (Rb¥ : AÁvZ- g„Zy¨- 32 wn.)
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mvnvevM‡Yi g‡a¨ hviv cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii e¨vcv‡i

AZ¨šÍ cvwÐ‡Zï AwaKvix wQ‡jb nhiZ Avãyjøvn Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg| mvnvevM‡Yi g‡a¨ wZwb cÖ_g e¨w³ whwb cÖKv‡k¨ KzivBk‡ì m¤§y‡L cweÎ
KziAvb cv‡Vi †MŠie AR©b K‡ib| Bmjvg MÖnYKvix e¨w³M‡Yi ZvwjKvq wZwb wQ‡jb
lô|1 Zuvi bvg Avãyjøvn, wcZvi bvg gvmD`, gvZvi bvg D¤§y Ave`, KzwbqvZ Avey Avwãi
ingvb| †jvKRb Zuv‡K ÔBeby D‡¤§ Ave`Õ e‡j WvKZ|2 wZwb wK‡kvi eq‡m g°vi
wMwic‡_ KzivBk †bZv ÔDKev Be‡b Avey gyB‡ZiÕ QvMj Pov‡Zb| †Kvb GKw`b
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) I Avey eKi wmÏxK (iv.) wccvwmZ Ae¯’vq QvM‡ji ivLvj Avãyjøvn
Be‡b gvmD‡ì Kv‡Q `ya cvb Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| wZwb G‡Z Am¤§wZ Rvbv‡jb| Zuviv
Amš‘ó n‡jb bv; eis Zuvi AvgvbZ`vixZv †`‡L Zuv‡ì gyL gÐ‡j GK DrdzjøZvi Qvc
dz‡U DV‡jv| cieZx©‡Z Be‡b gvmD` wbK‡U ùvwo‡q _vKv Ggb GKwU †QvÆ QvMxi w`‡K
Bkviv Ki‡jb hv GLbI cvVvi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡mwb| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) QvMxwU a‡i †dj‡jb
Ges Ôwemwgjøvwni ivngvwbi ivwngÕ e‡j nvZ w`‡q Ijvb gj‡Z jvM‡jb| wKQyÿ‡Yi
g‡a¨ Ijvb †_‡K cÖPzi cwigvY `ya †ei n‡Z _v‡K| wZb R‡b wg‡j Z…wß mnKv‡i cvb
Ki‡jb| Be‡b gvmD` AevK n‡q ej‡jb, Avcwb †h K_v¸‡jv D”PviY Ki‡jb, Zv
Avgv‡K wkwL‡q w`b| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Zuv‡K jÿ¨ K‡i ej‡jb- ÔZzwg wkÿvcÖvß evjK|Õ3
Gi wKQy w`b ci wZwb Bmjvg Keyj Ki‡jb|
Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb KzivBk‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i wbcwZZ nb| eva¨ n‡q cÖ_‡g
nvekvq I c‡i g`xbvq wnRivZ K‡ib| wZwb eì, Iû`, L›`K, evqÔAv‡Z wiÌqvb I
Lvqevi mn AmsL¨ hy‡× ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mdi m½x wQ‡jb|4 wZwb mvnvevM‡Yi g‡a¨
AZ¨šÍ wePÿY I we×vb mvnvex wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb KziAv‡bi GKRb m‡e©vËg
cvVK I Bmjv‡gi wewa-weav‡bi GKRb wbf©i‡hvM¨ Avwjg wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|5
Zuvi m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb-6 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮه ان ﯾﻘﺮأ اﻟﻘﺮان ﻋﻀﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ اﻧﺰل ﻓﻠﯿﻘﺮأ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﺑﻦ ام ﻋﺒﺪ‬Ô‡h e¨w³ weï×fv‡e KziAvb cvV K‡i Avb›` †c‡Z Pvq, †h fv‡e
KziAvb AeZxY© n‡q‡Q-‡m †hb Beby D‡¤§ Ave` Gi cv‡Vi AbymiY K‡i|Õ mvnvevM‡Yi
g‡a¨ huv‡ì †_‡K AwaK cwigvY KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ nhiZ
Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Ab¨Zg|7 Zuvi ewY©Z Zvdmxi nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Gi †P‡qI †ekx|
1. Avãyj gvÕey`, Avmnv‡e ivm~‡ji Rxeb K_v, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 144
2. Avh hvnvex, AvZZvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 83
3. Avãyj gvÕey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 141
5. cÖv¸³,
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 84
7. myq~Zx, Avj-BZKvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„ 239
G cÖm‡½ Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) wb‡R e‡jb-8 ‫واﻟﺬى ﻻاﻟﮫ ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﺎﻧﺰﻟﺖ اﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ اﻻ‬
‫واﻧﺎ اﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﯿﻤﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ واﯾﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ وﻟﻮاﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻜﺎن اﺣﺪ اﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻣﻨﻰ ﺗﻨﺎﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﯾﺎ ﻻﺗﯿﺘﮫ‬
–
ÔAvwg †mB mËvi kc_ K‡i ejwQ, whwb Qvov Avi †Kvb Bjvn †bB| Avjøvni wKZv‡ei
Ggb †Kvb AvqvZ †bB, hvi m¤ú‡K© Avwg AeMZ bB †h, Zv †Kvb e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© bvwhj
n‡q‡Q Ges †Kv_vq bvwhj n‡q‡Q| hw` Avwg RvbZvg †h, KziAv‡bi Ávb Avgvi †P‡q
Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †ekx Av‡Q Ges †Kvbfv‡e †mLv‡b †cŠuQv hv‡e, Z‡e Aek¨B Zuvi Kv‡Q
Dcw¯’Z n‡q AbyMZ QvÎ wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K †ck KiZvg|Õ
Be‡b gvmD‡ì (iv.) G e³e¨ KziAv‡bi cÖwZ Zuvi AvKl©Y, Aaëmvq, GKvMÖZv
I KziAvb M‡elYvq Zuvi Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Bw½Z enb K‡i| cÖL¨vZ Zv‡eC gvmiƒK (i.)
e‡jb-9 -‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﯾﻘﺮأ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﻮرة ﺛﻢ ﯾﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ وﯾﻔﺴﺮھﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر‬ÔAvãyjøvn
Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Avgv‡ì mvg‡b KziAv‡bi GKwU m~iv cvV Ki‡Zb| AZci w`‡bi
AwaKvsk mg‡q †m m~ivi Zvdmxi I Gm¤úKx©q nv`xm eY©bv K‡i KvwU‡q w`‡Zb|Õ G
cÖm‡½ gvmiƒK (i.) Av‡iv e‡jb-10
‫ ﻋﻤﺮ وﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ‬: ‫اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﺻﺤﺎب رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ اﻟﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ‬
: ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد واﺑﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ واﺑﻮ اﻟﺪرداء وزﯾﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺛﻢ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ھﺆﻻء اﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﻰ رﺟﻠﯿﻦ‬
-‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‬
ÔÁvb QqRb mvnvexi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb, Avi Zuviv n‡”Qb- Dgi, Avjx, Avãyjøvn Be‡b
gvmD`, DevB Be‡b Kve, Avey `vi`v Ges hv‡q` Be‡b mvweZ (iv.)| AZci GB Qq
R‡bi Ávb `yBR‡bi g‡a¨ mxgve×, Avi Zuvi n‡”Qb nhiZ Avjx I Be‡b gvmD`
(iv.)|Õ
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Be‡b gvmD` m¤ú‡K© e‡jb-11 ÔBe‡b gvmD` D¤§v‡Zi Rb¨ †h
me gvmAvjv cÖ¯Íve Ki‡e Avwg Zvi Dci m¤§Z AvwQ|Õ Bj‡g wK¡ivAv‡Zi Dci Be‡b
gvmD‡ì cvwÐZ¨ wQj myweL¨vZ| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) G cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb-12 †Zvgiv Pvi e¨w³
†_‡K KziAvb wkÿv Ki 1. Be‡b gvmD`, 2. mvwjg gvIjv Avwe ûhvBdv, 3. gyÔAvh
Be‡b Rvevj 4. DevB Be‡b Kve (iv.)|
Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Gi cweÎ KziAvb m¤ú‡K© KZUv Mfxi ÁvbwQj Zv wb‡æi
GKwU NUbvq my¯úó n‡q D‡V| NUbvwU wQj : GKevi Dgi (iv.) GK md‡i iv‡Zi †ejv
GKwU AcwiwPZ Kv‡djvi mvÿvr jvf K‡ib| H Kv‡djvq Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) wQ‡jb
wKš‘ Dgi (iv.) Zv Rvb‡Zb bv| ZvB Dgi (iv.) Zuv‡ì †W‡K Kv‡djvi AvMgb ¯’vb
m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Ki‡j Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) ÔAvwgKÕ DcZ¨Kvi K_v e‡j Reve †`b|
Kv‡djv †Kv_vq hv‡e? evBZzj AvwZ‡K| G Reve ï‡b Dgi (iv.) eyS‡Z cvi‡jb GB
Kv‡djvq wbðqB †Kvb Avwjg e¨w³ Av‡Qb|
8. Be‡b ZvBwgqv, gyKvwÏgv wd DmywjZ Zvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 96
10. KvImvix, bmeyj evwiqvn, gvZevAvZzj AvbIqvi, gyLeÜ, Kvq‡iv: (Zv.we.) 1g LÐ, c„. 30
11. Bb mvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv Ae Bmjvg, (D`y©) c„. 172
12. Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c.„ 142

Gci Dgi (iv.) wewfbœ cÖkœ K‡ib Ges Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Zvi DËi cÖ`vb K‡ib|
cÖ‡kœvËi ce©wU wQj Giƒc :
Avj KziAv‡bi †kªôZg AvqvZ †KvbwU? Be‡b gvmD` e‡jb-13
‫اﷲ ﻻاﻟﮫ اﻻ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﻮم ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬه ﺳﻨﺔ وﻻﻧﻮم اﻟﺦ‬
me©vwaK b¨vq-bxwZi fve cÖKvkK AvqvZ †KvbwU? wZwb e‡jb-14
‫ان اﷲ ﯾﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪل واﻻﺣﺴﺎن واﯾﺘﺎء ذى اﻟﻘﺮﺑﻰ اﻟﺦ‬
e¨vcKv_©‡evaK AvqvZ †KvbwU? wZwb e‡jb-15
– ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة ﺧﯿﺮاﯾﺮه وﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة ﺷﺮاﯾﺮه‬
me©vwaK wfwËg~j m¤úbœ AvqvZ †KvbwU? wZwb e‡jb-16
– ‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﺎﻣﻨﯿﻜﻢ وﻻ اﻣﺎﻧﯿﮫ اھﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻮءا اﻟﺦ‬
me©vwaK Avkve¨ÄK AvqvZ †KvbwU? wZwb e‡jb-17
– ‫ﻗﻞ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺒﺎدى اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﺳﺮﻓﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻨﻄﻮا ﻣﻦ رﺣﻤﺔ اﷲ اﻟﺦ‬
DËi¸‡jv ï‡b nhiZ Dgi (iv.) cÖkœ Ki‡jb, Avcbv‡ì gv‡S wK Avãyjøvn Be‡b
gvmD` Av‡Q? wZwb e‡jb, nu¨v, Av‡Q|
nhiZ Dgi (iv.) Av¤§vi Be‡b Bqvwmi (iv.) †K Kzdvi MfY©i wb‡qvM w`‡q Zuvi
mv‡_ Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) †K Zuvi Dc‡`óv I wkÿKiƒ‡c Kzdvq †cÖiY K‡ib| nhiZ
Avjx (iv.) hLb Kzdvq AvMgb K‡ib, ZLb KzdvevmxMY Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Gi cÖksmv
K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb-18
‫ﻣﺎ رأﯾﻨﺎ رﺟﻼ اﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﺎ وﻻ ارﻓﻖ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎ وﻻ اﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﺴﺔ وﻻ اﺷﺪ ورﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ‬
-‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬
Kzdv evmx‡ì GB Awfe¨w³ ï‡b nhiZ Avjx Lye Lykx n‡jb Ges ej‡jb-
-‫اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ اﻧﻰ اﺷﮭﺪك اﻟـﻠﮭﻢ اﻧﻰ اﻗﻮل ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻗﺎﻟﻮا او اﻓﻀﻞ‬
e¯‘Z Zuv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Zvdmxi PP©vi cwi‡ek M‡o D‡V| wZwb hyw³i wfwË‡Z e³e¨
cÖKv‡ki c×wZi cÖPjb K‡ib| Zuvi †_‡K AmsL¨ Zv‡eC nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| nhiZ
AvjKvgv, gvmiƒK, AvmIqv` Be‡b Bqvwh`, Avey BmgvBj gyiiv, Avey Avgi, Avgi web
ïivwnj (i.) n‡jb Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvÎ| wZwb 32 wn. m‡b lvU eQi
eq‡m BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Ljxdv Dmgvb (iv.) Zuvi Rvbvhvi bvgvR covb Ges nhiZ
Dmgvb Be‡b gvRD‡bi (iv.) Ke‡ii cv‡k Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|19
13 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 255

18 gynv¤§` Be‡b mvÔ`, ZvevKvZzj Kzeiv, `viæj Kjg, ‰eiæZ: 1985 L. 3q LÐ, c„.156
19 Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 146
DevB web Kve (Rb¥ : AÁvZ, g„. 33 wn.)

‡Lvjvdv‡q ivwk`vi hy‡M hviv Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i M‡elYvq h‡_ó L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib,
nhiZ DevB web Kve (iv.) Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| wZwbB cÖ_g e¨w³ hvi m¤ú‡K©
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb- ‫ اﻗﺮؤھﻢ اﺑﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ‬ÔmvnvevM‡Yi gv‡S DevB web Kve
m‡e©vËg K¡vix|Õ1 Zuvi cwiPq n‡”Q- ‫اﺑﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺬر او اﺑﻮاﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ اﺑﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻗﯿﺲ‬
‫ اﻻﻧﺼﺎرى اﻟﺨﺰرﺟﻰ‬wZwb evqÔAv‡Z AvKvev I e`‡ii hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib| Avj
KziAv‡b Zuvi PgrKvi cvi`kx©Zvi Kvi‡Y ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Zuv‡K Inx wjLvi Kv‡R wbhy³
K‡ib| wZwb KziAv‡bi AvqvZ mg~‡ni kv‡b byh~j, AeZx‡Y©i ¯’vb, bvwmL-gvbm~Lmn
A‡bK wel‡q mg¨K cwiÁvZ wQ‡jb| nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi gZ cwÐZ mvnvexI
Zuvi wbKU Ávb AR©b K‡i‡Qb|2 G cÖm‡½ nhiZ gvÔgvi (iv.) e‡jb-3 ‫ﻋﺎﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﺑﻦ‬
‫ ﻋﻤﺮو ﻋﻠﻰ واﺑﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ‬: ‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ÔBe‡b AveŸv‡mi Ávb fvÐvi wZb R‡bi
†_‡K mg„× n‡q‡Q| Dgi, Avjx I DevB web Kve (iv.)|Õ
‡Kvb †Kvb eY©bv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, DevB web Kve (iv.) me© cÖ_g Zvdmxi
KviK huvi Zvdmxi MÖš’vKv‡i web¨¯Í nq|4 Zuvi Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i GKwU weivU msKjb wQj
hv Avey Rvdi ivwh (i.) iwe Be‡b Avbv‡mi ga¨¯’Zvq Avey Avwjqv n‡Z wiIqvqvZ
K‡ib| Bgvg Be‡b Rvixi, Be‡b Avwe nvwZg, Bgvg Avng` web nv¤^j Ges nv‡Kg
cÖg~L Zuvi †_‡K wiIqvqvZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avi G msKjbwU cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ Aewkó
wQj|5
DevB web Kve (iv.) cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) e‡j‡Qb- Ô‡n Be‡b Kve Avjøvn Avgv‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb- Avwg †hb †Zvgv‡K
– ‫ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻛﻔﺮوا‬cvV K‡i ïbvB| Be‡b Kve (iv.) ej‡jb- Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv wK
Avgvi bvg wb‡q G K_v e‡j‡Qb? ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb, nüv| AZci Be‡b Kve Kuv`‡Z
ïiæ Ki‡jb|Õ6 Zuv‡K g`xbvi Ab¨Zg Bqvû`x ag©¸iæ e‡j MY¨ Kiv nZ| Bmjvg c~e©
Rxe‡b wZwb ZvIivZmn Ab¨vb¨ ‡h mKj agx©q MÖš’ c‡owQ‡jb, g~jZ: †mB ÁvbB Zuv‡K
Bmjv‡gi w`‡K †U‡b Av‡b|7 Dû` hy‡×i cÖv°v‡j AveŸvm Beby Avãyj gyËvwje (iv.)
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi wbKU GKwU wPwV cvVvb| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) wPwVwU DevB web Kv‡ei
Øviv cvV Kwi‡q ï‡bb|8
1. wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 665; Beby gvRvn, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 68
2. Z¡vKx Imgvbx, Dj~gyj KziAvb, (evsjv Abyev`) Avj RvwgAvZzj wmwÏKxqv, XvKv : 2005 L„. 2q LÐ, c„. 393
3. hvnvex, ZvhwKivZzj ûddvh, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 38
4. Z¡vKx Imgvbx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 393
5. myq~Zx, Avj BZKvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 189
6. Bgvg Avng`, gymbv`, cÖv¸³, 3q LÐ, c„. 13
7. Be‡b nvRi, Avj Bmvev, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 19
8. evjvRyix, Avbmveyj Avkivd, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 314
L›`K hy‡×i cÖv°v‡j g°vi KzivBk †bZv Avey mywdqvb Avey Dmvgv Avj Rvkvgxi
gvidZ GKwU wPwV ivm~jyjøvni (mv.) wbKU cvVvb| †mB wPwVI ivm~j (mv.) DevB‡qi Øviv
cvV Kivb|9 Avey eKi (iv.) Gi mgq KziAvb msKj‡bi Rb¨ †h KwgwU MVb Kiv nq,
DevB (iv.) wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg e¨w³| wZwb KziAv‡bi kãvejx D”PviY Ki‡Zb, Avi
Abïv wjL‡Zb| GB `jwUi mK‡jB wQ‡jb DuPz ¯Í‡ii Avwjg| wZwb Zuvi Rxe‡bi †ekxi
fvM mgq Aa¨qb I wkÿv`v‡b e¨q K‡ib| Ljxdv Dgi (iv.) Gi †LjvdZ Kv‡ji cy‡iv
mgqUv wZwb ÔdvZvIqv wefv‡MiÕ `vwqZ¡kxj wQ‡jb|10 g`xbvi AvbmviM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zuvi
†P‡q eo †Kvb ÔAvwjgÕ †KD wQ‡jb bv| KziAvb eySvi `ÿZv Ges wndR I wK¡ivAv‡Z
gynvwRi I Avbmvi‡ì g‡a¨ Zuvi †kªôZ¡ wQj me©Rb ¯^xK…Z|11 Zuvi GB cvwÐ‡Zï Kvi‡Y
nhiZ dviæ‡K AvRg Zuv‡K LyeB mgxn I m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| GgbwK wZwb wb‡RB wewfbœ
gvmAvjvi mgvavb Rvbvi Rb¨ mg‡q-Amg‡q Zuvi M„‡n Mgb Ki‡Zb|12
GKw`b ivm~j (mv.) Zuv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Av”Qv ej‡Zv KziAv‡bi †kªôZg
AvqvZ †KvbwU? wZwb ej‡jb, AvqvZzj Kzimx| ivm~j (mv.) Lye Lykx n‡jb Ges ej‡jb,
GB Bjg †Zvgv‡K Lykx KiæK|13 wZwb wQ‡jb gydvmwmi mvnvex‡ì Ab¨Zg| GB kv‡¯¿i
eo GKwU Ask Zuvi †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi eY©bv mg~n Be‡b Rvixi I Be‡b Avex
nv‡Zg cÖPzi cwigvY bKj K‡i‡Qb| nv‡Kg Zuvi gymZvìv‡K Ges Bgvg Av‡mg Zuvi
gymbv‡` wKQy eY©bv msKjb K‡i‡Qb|14 wZwb Avjøvni f‡q me mgq Kuv`‡Zb| KziAvb
cv‡Vi mgq fxlY fxZ n‡q co‡Zb| we‡klZ: m~iv Avj AvbÔAv‡gi 65 bs AvqvZ I
cieZx© Avhv‡ei AvqvZ¸‡jv hLb cvV Ki‡Zb ZLb Zuvi k¼v I f‡qi mxgv _vKZ bv|
me©vwaK cÖwm× eY©bv g‡Z wZwb nhiZ Dmgv‡bi (iv.) wLjvdZ Kv‡j 39 wn. m‡bi †Kvb
GK ïµev‡i BwšÍKvj K‡ib| nhiZ Dmgvb (iv.) Zuvi Rvbvhvi bvgvR covb| Zuv‡K
g`xbvq `vdb Kiv nq|15
9. Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 3q LÐ, c„. 166

10. cÖv¸³
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 169
12. cÖv¸³
13. Avh hvnvex, ZvhwKivZzj ûddvR, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 17
14. Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 175
15. Avh hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 17
ZvweC hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi

mvnvevM‡Yi cweÎ mvnPh© ZvweCM‡Yi gv‡S Bj‡g Zvdmxi PP©vi cÖwZ GKwU
A`g¨ †cÖiYv ˆZix K‡i| Zuv‡ì A‡b‡K Zvdmxi we`¨vq ey¨rcwË AR©‡bi Rb¨
mvnvevM‡Yi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib| KwVb cwikªg K‡i wewfbœ AÂj mdi K‡i mvnvevM‡Yi
ì‡mi gRwj‡m Ask MÖnY Ki‡Zb| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cwiwa we¯Z…wZ jvf Ki‡j
ZvweCMY mvnvevM‡Yi mv‡_ Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii wbwgË gymwjg Rvnv‡bi cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j
Qwo‡q c‡ob| Zuviv †hLv‡bB c`vc©Y K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡bB KziAvb mybœvni cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i
f~wgKv †i‡L‡Qb|1
ZvweCM‡Yi wewfbœ †QvU †QvU `j gymwjg Rvnv‡bi wewfbœ AÂ‡j GK GKRb gydvmwmi
mvnvexi †bZ…‡Z¡ Bj‡g Zvdmxi PP©vi †K›`ª M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb|2 g°v †K‡›`ªi D¯ÍvR wQ‡jb
cÖL¨vZ mvnvex nhiZ Avãyjøvn Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.)| G cÖm‡½ Be‡b ZvBwgqv e‡jb-3
– ‫اﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اھﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻻﻧﮭﻢ اﺻﺤﺎب اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‬
Ôg°vi AwaevmxMY KziAv‡bi m‡e©vrK…ó Zvdmxi Áv‡bi AwaKvix| †Kbbv Zuviv Be‡b
AveŸv‡mi wkl¨|Õ
Be‡b AveŸv‡mi (iv.) QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ mvC` Be‡b RyevBi, gyRvwn`, BKivgv,
ZvDm I AvZv Be‡b ivevn (i.) wQ‡jb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| g`xbv †K‡›`ªi g~j D¯ÍvR wQ‡jb
nhiZ DevBb web Kve (iv.)|4 wZwb GLv‡b wbqwgZ Zvdmx‡ii ìm w`‡Zb| A‡bK
ZvweC Zuvi ì‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡q Zuvi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib| huviv cieZx©‡Z Bj‡g
Zvdmx‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖf~Z Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| G‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb-5
nv¤§v` Be‡b Kve Avj Kzivhx, gynv¤§v` Be‡b Kve Avj Kzivhx I hv‡q` Be‡b Avmjvg
(i.)|
Avi BivK wQj Bj‡g Zvdmxi PP©vi jxjvf~wg| GLv‡b Øxb cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
AmsL¨ mvnvev AvMgb K‡ib| ïay Kzdv bMix‡Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi 1050 Rb mvnvevi
ïfvMgb N‡UwQj, huv‡ì g‡a¨ 24 Rb eìx mvnvevI wQ‡jb|6 nhiZ Be‡b gvmD`
(iv.) wQ‡jb BivK †K‡›`ªi cÖavb D¯ÍvR| G †K‡›`ª wZwb wbqwgZ ìm w`‡Zb|7 Zuvi
cÖwm× QvÎMY n‡jb-AvjKvgv, gvmiƒK, AvmIqv`, gyiiv, Avgi web ïivwnj, nvmvb
Avj emix, KvZv`v, ïivBn, Beªvnxg I Devq`v Avm mvjgvbx (i.) cÖgyL| cieZx©Kv‡j
Zuv‡ì cÖ‡PóvqB Bj‡g Zvdmxi ¯^Zš¿ AwfÁvb wn‡m‡e AvZ¥ cÖKvk K‡i| Bj‡g
Zvdmxi PP©vi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj ZvweC Abe`¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì cÖwm×
K‡qKR‡bi eY©bv wbæiƒc :
1. W. dvnv` iægx, DmyjyZ Zvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 31
2. W. Gg. Gg. ingvb, e¨w³ I mgvR Rxe‡b gmwR‡ì f~wgKv, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: c„. 321
4. hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gyydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 91
6. Aveyj evkvi `yjvex, wKZveyj Kzbv Iqvj Avmgv, 1g LÐ, c„. 174
7. W. Gg. Gg. ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 232
mvC` web RyevBi (45-94 wn.)
wZwb n‡jb Avey Avãyjøvn mvC` Be‡b RyevBi Be‡b wnkvg Avj Avmv`x Avj
Iqvjx|8 wZwb 45 wn. m‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb AZ¨šÍ DuPy gv‡bi Av‡e` I hv‡n`
wQ‡jb| mvnvevM‡Yi eo GKwU RvgvZ †_‡K wZwb ÁvbvR©b K‡ib| Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b
Dgvi I Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) †_‡K wZwb nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib| wZwb Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i
weL¨vZ cwÐZ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z wQ‡jb| Zvdmxi PP©vi mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb wdK&n, nv`xm I
wKivAvZ kv‡¯¿I cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib|9
 BmgvBj web Avãyj gvwjK e‡jb-10 mvC` web RyevBi ighvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì
BgvgwZ Ki‡Zb| wZwb GK iv‡Z Be‡b gvmD‡ì wK¡ivAvZ, Abïv‡Z hv‡q` Be‡b
mvwe‡Zi wK¡ivAvZ, Av‡iK iv‡Z Ab¨‡ì wK¡ivAvZ cvV Ki‡Zb| wZwb cÖwm×
mvnvex Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b gvmD`, Avbvm, Avãyjøvn web gyMvddvj (iv.) †_‡K
ÁvbvR©b K‡ib| Zuvi AmvaviY ¯§iYkw³ wQj| hv GKevi ïb‡Zb Zv gyL¯’ n‡q
†hZ| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ gbxlx †h eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Zvi wKq`vsk wbæiƒc :
 KvZv`vn (i.) e‡jb- 11 ZweCM‡Yi g‡a¨ PviRb Áv‡b cvi`kx© wQ‡jb- 1. AvZv
web ivevnv n¾ m¤ú‡K© 2. mvC` web RyevBi Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© 3. BKivgv mxivZ
m¤ú‡K© Ges 4. nvmvb emix nvjvj-nvivg m¤ú‡K©|
 mywdqvb mvIix (i.) e‡jb-12 †Zvgiv Pvi e¨w³ †_‡K Zvdmxi MÖnY Ki- 1. mvC`
web RyevBi 2. gyRvwn` 3. BKivgv Ges 4. `vnnvK (i.)|
 LyQvBd (i.) e‡jb-13 cÖÁvevb ZvweCM‡Yi gv‡S mvC` Be‡b gymvB‡që ZvjvK,
AvZv n¾, ZvDm nvjvj-nvivg, gyRvwn` Zvdmx‡i `ÿZv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi
mvC` Be‡b RyevBi (i.) D³ me wel‡q ci`kx© wQ‡jb| Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi
Kv‡Q Kzdvevmx †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb wel‡q dvZvIqv Rvb‡Z ‡M‡j wZwb ej‡Zb, Avgvi
Kv‡Q Avm †Kb, †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q wK mvC` Be‡b hyevBi †bB?
 nhiZ BqvnBqv Be‡b mvC` (i.) e‡jb-14 mvC` Be‡b RyevB‡ii gyimvj
wiIqvqvZ ¸‡jv AvZv I gyRvwn` (i.) Gi gyimvj wiIqvqvZ mg~‡ni Zzjbvq Avgvi
wbKU AwaK wcÖq|
 Avgi Be‡b gvqgyb Zuvi wcZvi m~‡Î eY©bv K‡ib-15 hLb mvC` Be‡b RyevBi
BwšÍKvj K‡ib, ZLb c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †KD wQj bv hviv Zuvi Bj‡gi gyLv‡cÿx nq
wb|

10. cÖv¸³
11. myqyZx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 243
12. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 365
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 103
14. Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ: 1415 wn. 4_© LÐ, c„. 14
15. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 103
 Avng` web nv¤^vj e‡jb-16 nv¾vR mvC` web RyevBi‡K hLb nZ¨v K‡i ZLb
Rwg‡bi me gvbyl Zuvi Bj‡gi gyLv‡cÿx wQj|
nhiZ mvC` Be‡b RyevBi (i.) Lwjdv Avãyj gv‡jK Be‡b gviIqv‡bi (i.) wb‡`©‡k
GK Lvwb Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| Lwjdv Zuvi Zvdmxi MÖš’wU‡K kvnx MÖš’vMv‡i
msiÿY K‡iwQ‡jb| wKQy Kvj ci GB Zvdmxi MÖš’wU nhiZ AvZv Be‡b w`bv‡ii n¯ÍMZ
nq| wZwb GB msKjbwUi Dci wfwË K‡i GB Zvdmx‡ii wiIqvqvZ ¸‡jv‡K nhiZ
mvC` Be‡b RyevBi (i.) n‡Z gyimvj Z_v Z_¨ m~Î wenxb eY©bv Ki‡Zb|17
nhiZ mvC` Be‡b RyevBi (i.) Bev`Z I hyn` Z_v `ywbqv wegyLZvi †ÿ‡Î
mycÖwm× wQ‡jb| iv‡Zi Bev`‡Z Avjøvni f‡q AwaK cwigvY µ›`b Ki‡Zb| Avi
Gfv‡e Avjøvni ìev‡i µ›`b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Zuvi `„wó kw³ nvwi‡q hvq|18 wZwb wnRix
95 mv‡ji kvevb gv‡m nv¾vR web BDmy‡di nv‡Z kvnv`vZ eiY K‡ib| kvnv`v‡Zi
mgq Zvi eqm n‡qwQj 49 eQi|19
gyRvwn` Be‡b Rvei (21-103 wn.)
wZwb n‡jb Aveyj nv¾vR gyRvwn` Be‡b Rvei Avj gvLhygx| †KD †KD Zuvi
wcZvi bvg hyevBi e‡j‡Qb|20 wZwb ZvweCM‡Yi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg kxl©¯’vbxq gy~dvmwmi|
wZwb 21 wn. Dgi (iv.) Gi wLjvdZ Kv‡j g°vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| evby gvLhyg †Mv‡Îi
mv‡_ Zuvi eskxq †hvMm~Î wQj| wZwb wQ‡jb Avm mvBe Be‡b Avwej mvB‡ei Avhv`K…Z
`vm|21 wZwb nhiZ Be‡b AveŸv‡mi mvnP‡h© †_‡K Bj‡g Zvdmxi AvZ¥¯’ K‡ib| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb-22 ÔAvwg wZb evi cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ cweÎ KziAvb Avãyjøvn Be‡b
AveŸv‡mi (iv.) wbKU wk‡LwQ I ey‡SwQ|Õ Be‡b nvRvi e‡jb-23 wZwb nhiZ Be‡b
AveŸv‡mi (iv.) mv‡_ wÎk eQi cweÎ KziAvb `vIi K‡i‡Qb Ges wZb evi Zvdmxi
c‡o‡Qb| wZwb Zvdmx‡ii e¨vcv‡i Avjøvni GKwU wb`k©b wQ‡jb|24 wZwb †jLvi mvgMÖx
m‡½ ivL‡Zb Ges I¯ÍvR hv ej‡Zb Zv mv‡_ mv‡_ wj‡L wb‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ Be‡b Avwe
gyjvBKvn (i.) e‡jb-25 Avwg gyRvwn`‡K †`‡LwQ †h, wZwb wKZve, Kjg, †`vqvZ wb‡q
Be‡b AveŸv‡mi Kv‡Q †h‡Zb Ges KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi wR‡Ám K‡i wjL‡Z _vK‡Zb|
Be‡b AveŸvm Zuv‡K ej‡Zb- wjL‡Z _vK| Gfv‡e wZwb †MvUv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi wj‡L
iv‡Lb| gyRvwn` (i.) †Kvb Zvdmxi Ki‡j mK‡jB Zv wbw×©avq †g‡b wb‡Zb| Zuvi
Zvdmx‡i gy³ we‡e‡Ki cÖvej¨ we`¨gvb|26
17. AvmKvjvbx, cÖv¸³, 7g LÐ, c„. 198
18. ZvKx Dmgvbx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 195
19. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 103
20. beex, Zvnhxeyj Avmgv Iqvj jyMvZ, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjvwgq¨v, êiæZ, Zv: we:, 2q LÐ, c„. 83
21. gvbœv Avj KvËvb, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, êiæZ: 1999 L„. 2q ms¯‹iY, c„. 349
22. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„ 104
23. Zvevix, RvwgDj evqvb Avb Zvwewj AvBwqj KziAvb, `viæj wdKvi, êiæZ: Zv.we. gyLeÜ, 1g LÐ, c„. 30
24. Be‡b Kvwmi, Zvdmxi Be‡b Kvwmi (W. gyRxeyi ingvb Ab~w`Z), gyLeÜ, c„. 45
25. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 105
26. Zvevix, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 30
Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii ci †KD Ab¨ Kv‡iv Zvdmx‡ii cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡Zb bv| Bj‡g
Zvdmx‡i Zuvi cvwÐ‡Zï MfxiZv wewfbœ gbxwl‡ì e³‡e¨ Av‡iv PgrKvi fv‡e dz‡U
D‡V‡Q| mywdqvb mvIix Zuvi †Kvb QvÎ‡K jÿ¨ K‡i e‡j‡Qb-8
– ‫اذا ﺟﺎءك اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ ﻓﺤﺴﺒﻚ ﺑﮫ‬
ÔhLb †Zvgvi Kv‡Q gyRvwn‡ì m~‡Î †Kvb Zvdmxi Avm‡e, Zzwg Zv h‡_ó g‡b K‡i MÖnY
Ki‡e|Õ mywdqvb mvIix Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb-9 Pvi e¨w³ †_‡K Zvdmxi MÖnY Ki- 1. mvC`
web hyevBi, 2. gyRvwn`, 3. BKivgv I 4. `vnnvK (i.)|
Avjøvgv mveybx e‡jb-10 ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺷﯿﺨﮫ اﻟﺠﻠﯿﻞ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس وﻗﺮأه‬
‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻗﺮاءة ﺗﻔﮭﻢ وﺗﺪﺑﺮ و وﻗﻮف ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ اﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﯾﺎت اﻟﻘﺮان ﯾﺴﺄﻟﮫ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ وﯾﺘﻔﺴﺮه ﻋﻦ‬
-‫اﺳﺮارھﺎ‬ÔgyRvwn` Zuvi my‡hvM¨ D¯ÍvR Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †_‡K
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi, Bj‡g wK¡ivAvZ Ges cÖwZwU Avqv‡Zi cÖKvk¨ fveaviv I mvgwMÖK
¸p inm¨ cÖkœ K‡i ey‡S wb‡q‡Qb|Õ KvZv`v e‡jb-11 -‫اﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ‬
ÔgyRvwn`B Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i me‡P‡q eo Avwjg|Õ mywdqvb mvIix (i.) e‡jb-15 Pvi e¨w³
†_‡K Zvdmxi Abb¨- 1. mvC` web hyevBi, 2. gyRvwn`, 3. BKivgv I 4. `vnnvK (i.)|
wZwb GKRb ZvweC n‡jI mvnvev‡q wKivg Zuv‡K h‡_ó g~j¨vqb Ki‡Zb| G e¨vcv‡i
gyRvwn` (i.) ¯^qs e‡jb-16 - ‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ و اﻧﻰ ارﯾﺪ ان اﺧﺪﻣﮫ ﻓﻜﺎن ھﻮ ﯾﺨﺪﻣﻨﻰ‬
ÔAvwg Be‡b Ig‡ii m‡½ Ae¯’vb Kwi| G mg‡q Avwg Zuvi †L`gZ Ki‡Z PvB‡j wZwbB
Avgvi †L`gZ K‡ib|Õ
gyRvwn‡ì (i.) †gav I ¯§iY kw³ wQj AZ¨šÍ cÖLi| †Kvb welq‡K wZwb mn‡RB
gyL¯’ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| GKevi Be‡b Igi (iv.) gyRvwn‡ì (i.) †Nvovi †iKve a‡i
e‡jwQ‡jb-17 - ‫ وددت ان ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﯾﺤﻔﻆ ﺣﻔﻈﻚ‬ÔAvwg PvB bv‡d †Zvgvi gZB ¯§iY kw³i
AwaKvix †nvK|Õ gbxwlM‡Yi gšÍe¨¸‡jv †_‡K G K_v cÖwZqgvb nq †h, nhiZ gyRvwn`
(i.) wQ‡jb GKRb DuPz gv‡bi Avwjg I Zvdmxi‡eËv| wek¦e¨vcx KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v †cŠu‡Q
†`qvi †ÿ‡Î Zuvi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| wZwb 103 wn. wmR`viZ Ae¯’vq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|
g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj 83 eQi|18
8. hvnvex, ZvhvwKivZzj ûddvh, `vwqivZzj gvÔAvwid, nvq`vivev`: Zv: we:, 1g LÐ, c„. 86
10. Avjx mveybx, wZeBqvb, Avjvgyj KzZze, g°v : 1985, 1g LÐ, c„. 78
11. Avey bvCg, ûj BqvZzj AvDwjqv, `viæj KzZzwej Avivex, êiæZ: 1987 L„. 3q LÐ, c„. 185
13. myq~Zx Avj BZKvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 243
14. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 105
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 102
17. cÖv¸³
18. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 104
Aveyj Avwjqv (g„. 90 wn.)
Zuvi bvg ivdx web gvnvivb| KzwbqvZ Aveyj Avwjqv| wZwb cÖwm× ZvweC
gydvmwmiM‡Yi Ab¨Zg| wZwb ebx iweqvn †Mv‡Îi GKRb bvixi gy³`vm wQ‡jb|1 ivm~j
(mv.) Gi Idv‡Zi ci 60 eQi eq‡m wZwb Bmjvg Keyj K‡ib| wZwb nhiZ Avwj,
Be‡b gvmD`, Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b Igi, DevB web Kve I Av‡qkv (iv.) mn A‡bK
cÖwm× mvnvev †_‡K Zvdmxi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Be‡b gyCb, Avey hyiAv I Avey nv‡Zg (i.)
Zuv‡K GKRb wek¦¯Í ivex wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cweÎ KziAvb wndh K‡ib
Ges G‡Z `ÿZv AR©b K‡ib| KziAv‡bi wK¡ivAvZ m¤ú‡K©I wZwb h‡_ó cvi`kx©
wQ‡jb| KvZv`vn (i.) e‡jb- ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Idv‡Zi ci wZwb 10 eQi wK¡ivZzj
KziAvb PP©v K‡ib| nhiZ nvdmv (iv.) Gi eY©bv g‡Z wZwb Igi (iv.) Gi mvg‡b wZb
evi KziAvb c‡o ïwb‡q‡Qb| Be‡b Avwe `vD` e‡jb-2 ‫ﻟﯿﺲ اﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻣﻦ اﺑﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ÔmvnvevM‡Yi c‡i Aveyj Avwjqv †_‡K Bj‡g wK¡ivAv‡Z
AwfÁ Avi †KD †bB|Õ
wZwb DevB web Kve (iv.) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i Zvdmx‡ii GKwU Kwc ˆZix K‡ib|
Zuvi eY©bvi G me m~Î wQj AZxe weï×| Be‡b Rvixi I Be‡b Avwe nv‡Zg (i.) Zuvi
bymLv †_‡K A‡bK eY©bv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Abyiƒc fv‡e nv‡Kg gy¯ÍvìvK MÖ‡š’ I Bgvg
Avng` Zuvi gymbv` MÖ‡š’ Zuvi †_‡K A‡bK eY©bv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|3 Aveyj Avwjqv (i.)
wdK&n I Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ cÖwmw× jvf Ki‡jI Zvdmx‡ii †ÿ‡Î Zuvi Ae`vb †ekx| Be‡b
AveŸvm (iv.) Aveyj Avwjqv (i.) †K wbR Lv‡Ui Dci emv‡Zb Avi Ab¨‡ì‡K wb‡P
em‡Z w`‡Zb Ges ej‡Zb-4 - ‫ ھﻜﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺮﻓﺎ‬ÔBjg G fv‡eB m¤§vbx
e¨w³‡ì m¤§vb evwo‡q †`q|Õ
W. ûmvBb Avhhvnvexi g‡Z, wZwb 90 wnRix mv‡j BwšÍKvj K‡ib|5 Avi Avjx mveybxi
g‡Z, wZwb 93 wnRix mv‡j BwšÍKvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj 80 eQi|6
1. Avjx mveybx, AvZwZeBqvb, Avjvgyj KzZze, g°v: 1985 L„. 1g ms, c„. 82
3. cÖv¸³
4. Avjx mveybx, AvZwZeBqvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 83
nvmvb Avj emix (21-110 wn.)
nhiZ nvmvb Avj emix (i.) wewkó ZvweC gydvmwmiM‡Yi Ab¨Zg| Zuvi bvg
nvmvb, Dcbvg Avey mvC`| wcZvi bvg Bqvmvi| esk ci¯úiv n‡”Q- Avey mvC` Avj
nvmvb web Avwej nvmvb Bqvmvi Avj emix|1
wZwb gymwjg wgjøv‡Zi Kv‡Q nvmvb emix bv‡gB L¨vZ| BivK weRq Awfhvb Kv‡j
Zuvi wcZv‡K gvqmvb n‡Z µxZ`vm iƒ‡c gw`bvq Avbqb Kiv nq| wZwb weL¨vZ mvnvex
hv‡q` web mvwe‡Zi AvwkªZ e¨w³ wQ‡jb| D¤§y mvjvgvi AvwkªZv Lvqivi mv‡_ wZwb weevn
eÜ‡b Ave× nb| GB `v¤úZ¨ eÜ‡bi d‡j 21 wn./642 L„. wØZxq Lwjdv nhiZ
dviæ‡K AvR‡gi kvmbvg‡j nvmvb emix gw`bvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|2 bex (mv.) Gi
cwiev‡i nvmvb emixi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi nv‡Z Lwo nq| AZci wZwb Avjx (iv.) Gi Kv‡Q
KziAvb, nv`xm, wdK&n I ZvmvDd wkÿv K‡ib| G QvovI wZwb gw`bv I emivi eû
gynvwÏm I dKxn †_‡K ÁvbvR©b K‡i mgKvjxb weL¨vZ cwÐ‡Z cwiYZ nb| wZwb 120
Rb mvnvevi mvÿvr jvf K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ 71 Rb wQ‡jb eìx mvnvev|3 wewkó mvnvex
Avãyjøvn Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) KZ©„K Biv‡K cÖwZwôZ Zvdmxi †K‡›`ªi wZwb cÖL¨vZ D¯ÍvR
wQ‡jb| emiv evmx‡ì Bgvg, mywd‡ì D¯ÍvR I mgKvjxb cÖL¨vZ cwÐZ wn‡m‡e Zuvi
wek¦‡Rvov myL¨vwZ i‡q‡Q| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© gbxwlM‡Yi wewfbœ e³e¨ †_‡K Zuvi cvwÐZ¨
m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv my¯úó aviYv cvIqv hvq-
Bgvg MvRvjx e‡jb-4
‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﺼﺮى اﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ﺑﻜﻼم اﻻﻧﺒﯿﺎء واﻗﺮﺑﮭﻢ ھﺪﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ وﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻏﺎﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﺘﺼﺒﺐ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻤﮫ‬
Avjøvgv weKiæj gyhvbx e‡jb-5 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮه ان ﯾﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ادرﻛﻨﺎه ﻓﻰ زﻣﺎﻧﮫ ﻓﻠﯿﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ‬
Av`bvQvex e‡jb-6
‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎدات اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﯿﻦ واﻓﺘﻰ ﻓﻰ زﻣﺎن اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﻔﺼﺎﺣﺔ وﺑﻠﯿﻎ اﻟﻤﻮاﻋﻆ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮان وﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬
2. m¤úv`bv cl©`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 559
3. cÖv¸³
4. cÖv¸³
6. Av`bvQvex, ZvevKvZzj gydvmwmixb, gvKZvevZzj Dj~g Iqvj wnKvg, gw`bv : 1998 L„. 1g ms, c„. 12
Be‡b mv` e‡jb-7
‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ رﻓﯿﻌﺎ ﻓﻘﯿﮭﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﺑﺪا ﻧﺎﺳﻜﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺼﯿﺤﺎ ﺟﻤﯿﻼ‬
-‫وﺳﯿﻤﺎ‬
fve Mv¤¢xh©c~Y© e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix I AmvaviY evM¥x nvmvb emixi (i.) Dc‡`k-
bmxn‡Zi cÖfv‡e AmsL¨ gvbyl Av‡jvi c‡_i mÜvb †c‡q‡Q| mZ¨ cÖKv‡k wZwb †Kvb
wb›`y‡Ki wb›`v‡K c‡ivqv Ki‡Zb bv| Z`vbxšÍb L¨vwZgvb e¨w³ Be‡b wmwib, Avkkvex
(i.) †K Bqvwh‡ì wLjvd‡Zi AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kiv n‡j- Zvuiv wbR¯^ gZvgZ cÖKvk
Ki‡Z mvnm cvb wb, wKš‘ nvmvb emix (i.) AKc‡U Bqvwh‡ì wLjvd‡Zi AwaKvi
A¯^xKvi K‡ib|8
nvmvb emixi m¤§y‡L KziAv‡bi AvqvZ wZjvIqvZ Kiv n‡j wZwb †m me Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi Ki‡Zb| Zuvi cÖÁvc~Y© bwmnvZ ï‡b ‡kªvZvgÐjx‡ì A‡b‡K †Ku‡` †dj‡Zb|9
G gnvb gbxlx 110 wn./728 L„. emivq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj
89 eQi|10
Avey Avew`jøvn BKivgv (25-105 wn.)
BKivgv (i.) ZvweCM‡bi g‡a¨ kxl©¯’vbxq gydvmwmi| Zuvi wb‡Ri c~Y© bvg Avey
Avew`jøvn BKivgv Avj evievix Avj gv`vbx gvIjv Be‡b AveŸvm|11 wZwb Be‡b AveŸvm
(iv.) Gi Avhv`K…Z †Mvjvg nIqv‡Z ÔgvIjv Be‡b AveŸvmÕ bv‡g †ekx cÖwm×| wZwb
Avwd«Kvi evievix eskxq µxZ`vm wQ‡jb|12 ûmvBb Be‡b Avwej ûi Avj Av¤^vix bvgK
e¨w³ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †K GB †Mvjvg Dcnvi ¯îƒc w`‡qwQ‡jb|13 nhiZ Be‡b
AveŸvm (iv.) Zuv‡K ¯^h‡Zœ Øxbx wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i Zz‡jb| wZwb Be‡b AveŸvm QvovI
Avjx Be‡b Avwe Zvwje, Avey ûivBiv, Be‡b Dgi, Be‡b Avgi I Avey mvC` Avj Lyìx
(iv.) mn †ek K‡qKRb mvnvev †_‡K wiIqvqvZ K‡i‡Qb|14 wZwb wQ‡jb Ávb mvabvq
wb‡ew`Z cÖvY| Ávb‡š^lY †hb Zuvi Rxe‡bi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ †gv‡n cwiYZ n‡qwQj| G
cÖm‡½ wZwb wb‡R e‡j‡Qb-15 ÔAvwg we`¨v‡š^l‡Y PwjøkwU eQi AwZevwnZ K‡iwQ|Õ
8. Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, cÖv¸³, c„. 559
9. cÖv¸³
10. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 125
11. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 107
12. Z¡vKx Dmgvbx, Djygyj KziAvb, (evsjv Abyev`), Avj RvwgAvZzm wmwÏKxqv, XvKv: Zv. we. 2q LÐ, c„. 396
13. cÖv¸³
14. AvmKvjvbx, ZvnwheyZ Zvnwhe, cÖv¸³, 7g LÐ, c„. 246
15. Z¡vKx Dmgvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 396
GB `xN© mgq we`¨v‡š^l‡Y _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K c„w_exi A‡bK c_ cvwo w`‡Z
n‡q‡Q| ågY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Ávb-weÁv‡bi jxjvf~wg wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z wgki, kvg, BivK I
Avwd«Kvmn AmsL¨ †`k|6 wZwb Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq AwfÁZv AR©b K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i
Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Zuvi cÖÁv wQj AZzjbxq| mgmvgwqK gbxwlMY Zuvi Áv‡bi ¯^xK…wZ
w`‡q‡Qb| Bgvg kvwdC (i.) e‡jb-7 - ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻰ اﺣﺪ اﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬ÔAvgv‡ì
hy‡M BKivgvi †P‡q KziAv‡bi eo †Kvb Avwjg RxweZ †bB|Õ
Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb-8 wZwb Zvdmxi I gvMvhxi we‡klÁ wQ‡jb|
KvZv`vn e‡jb-9 ZvweCM‡Yi gv‡S eo Avwjg wQ‡jb PviRb 1. AvZv, 2. mvC` web
RyevBi, 3. BKivgv, 4. nvmvb emix (i.)|
nvwee web Avwe mvweZ e‡jb-10
‫ ﻃﺎوس وﻣﺠﺎھﺪ وﺳﻌﯿﺪﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﯿﺮ وﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ وﻋﻄﺎء ﻓﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ وﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﺑﻦ‬: ‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬
-‫ﺟﺒﯿﺮ ﯾﻠﻘﯿﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﯾﺴﺄﻻه ﻋﻦ اﯾﺔ اﻻﻓﺴﺮھﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ‬
BqvnBqv web AvBqye Avj wgmix e‡jb-11
-‫ ﻻ ﻗﺎل ﻓﺎﺗﻜﻢ ﺛﻠﺜﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬: ‫ﻗﺎل ﻟﻰ اﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺢ ھﻞ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬
Avgi web w`bvi e‡jb-12
‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ زﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﺳﺄل ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ وﺟﻌﻞ ﯾﻘﻮل ھﺬا ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ھﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
-‫ﻓﺴﻠﻮه‬
Be‡b nveŸvb e‡jb-13 BKivgv Zuvi hy‡Mi wewkó wdKnwe` I KziAvb we‡klÁ‡ì
Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb|
mvgvK web nvie e‡jb-14 Avwg BKivgv‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ,
GLv‡b ‫ ﻟﻮﺣﯿﻦ‬Øviv gvmvwn‡di gv‡S hv Av‡Q Zuvi me wKQy eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
BKivgv wb‡R e‡jb-15 – ‫ﻛﺎن اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ﯾﻌﻠﻤﻨﻰ اﻟﻘﺮان واﻟﺴﻨﻦ‬
BKivgv Av‡iv e‡jb-16 - ‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ اﺣﺪﺛﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺮان ﻓﮭﻮ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‬
6. Be‡b Kvmxi, Avj we`vqv Iqvb wbnvqv, 9g LÐ, c„. 145

8. hvivKbx, cÖv¸³, 5g LÐ, c„. 43
10. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 111
11. cÖv¸³
12. cÖv¸³
13. cÖv¸³
14. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 243
15. cÖv¸³
16. cÖv¸³
wewkó Zvdmxi wekvi` mvC` Be‡b RyevBi Ges gyRvwnÌ (i.) Zuvi †_‡K
DcK…Z n‡q‡Qb| BKivgv hZw`b emivq emevm K‡i‡Qb ZZw`b nvmvb emix (i.) wb‡R
†Kvb dvZvIqv w`‡Zb bv|17 Bgvg hvnvexi g‡Z, Zuvi †_‡K cÖvq 300 Rb e¨w³
wiIqvqvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ 70 R‡bi †ekx wQj ZvweC| wZwb cvðvZ¨ †`k †_‡K
ÁvbvR©b K‡i Ae‡k‡l g`xbvq wd‡i Av‡mb| g`xbvi Avwgi Zuv‡K Zje Ki‡j g„Zzï
c~e© ch©šÍ wZwb mvÿvr K‡ib wb|18 miKvi Zuvi weiæ‡× `xN©w`b †MÖdZvix ciIqvbv Rvwi
K‡i ‡i‡LwQj| wZwb †MÖdZvix Gov‡bvi Rb¨ GK iKg AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡iB †_‡KwQ‡jb|
Avi AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b _vKv Ae¯’vqB Zuvi g„Zz¨ N‡U| Zuvi g„Zzï w`b mvaviY gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L
D”PvwiZ nw”Qj-19 ‫ ﻣﺎت اﻓﻘﮫ اﻟﻨﺎس واﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس‬ÔAvR me‡P‡q eo dKxn I me‡P‡q eo
Kwei BwšÍKvj n‡q‡Q|Õ Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i G gnvb mvaK 104 wn. BwšÍKvj K‡ib|20 Avjx
mveybxi g‡Z wZwb 105 wn. g`xbvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|21
AvZv web ivevn (17-114 wn.)
Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ we‡klÁ ZvweCM‡Yi g‡a¨ nhiZ AvZv web ivevn (i.) we‡kl
gh©v`vi AwaKvix| Zuvi bvg AvZv, Dcbvg Avey gynv¤§`| wcZvi bvg Avey ivevn| Zuvi
bme bvgv nj- Avey gynv¤§` AvZv web Avwe ivevn web Avmjvg Avj gv°x Avj
Kzivkx|22 wZwb 27 wn. mv‡j Rvbv‡` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|23 wZwb Kv‡jv, AÜ I
c¨vivjvBwmm iæMx wQ‡jb|24 g°vq emevm Kivi Kvi‡Y wZwb Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b Dgi,
Avgi web Avm (iv.) mn AmsL¨ mvnvevi KvQ †_‡K cweÎ KziAv‡bi `xÿv MÖn‡Yi
my‡hvM cvb| Zuvi wb‡Ri eY©bv g‡Z, wZwb cÖvq 200 mvnvevi mvnPh© jvf K‡ib|25 hvi
djkÖæwZ‡Z wZwb KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v, nv`xm I wdK&n wel‡q cvwÐZ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg
nb| Bj‡g Øx‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq Zuvi cvwÐZ¨ wQj me©Rb ¯^xK…Z| gbxwlM‡Yi wewfbœ
e³e¨ †_‡K Zuvi cvwÐ‡Zï e¨vcv‡i GKwU my¯úó aviYv jvf Kiv hvq|
g°v evmxMY hLb nhiZ Be‡b AveŸv‡mi Kv‡Q dZIqv Rvbvi Rb¨ nvwRi n‡Zb ZLb
wZwb ej‡Zb-26 †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q wK AvZv †bB?
Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (i.) e‡jb-27‫ ﻣﺎ رأﯾﺖ ﻓﯿﻤﻦ ﻟﻘﯿﺖ اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻄﺎء‬Ôhv‡ì mv‡_ Avgvi
mvÿvr n‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ AvZvi †P‡q DËg KvD‡K Avwg †`wLwb|Õ
17. Gb mvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv Ae Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 105
18. hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 43
19. Be‡b Kvmxi, cÖv¸³, 9g LÐ, c„. 245
20. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 112
22. Av`bvQvex, ZvevKzZzj gydvmwmwib, cÖv¸³, c„. 14
23. cÖv¸³,
24. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 113
25. cÖv¸³
26. cÖv¸³,
27. cÖv¸³
KvZv`vn e‡jb-28 :
-‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻼل واﻟﺤﺮام‬
ÔZvweCM‡Yi g‡a¨ PviRb Ávb I cÖÁvq we‡kl cvi`kx© wQ‡jb| AvZv web ivevn
gvbvwmK m¤ú‡K© me‡P‡q fvj Rvb‡Zb| mvC` web RyevBi Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K©, BKivgv
wmqvi m¤ú‡K© I nvmvb emix nvjvj-nvivg m¤ú‡K© AwaK cvi`kx© wQ‡jb|
Be‡b nveŸvb e‡jb-29 ÔwZwb eyS,
cÖÁv, †Lv`vfxZ I dwhj‡Zi w`K †_‡K ZvweCM‡Yi †bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³ wQ‡jb|Õ
AvIhvC e‡jb-30 ‫ات ﻋﻄﺎء ﯾﻮم ﻋﻄﺎء وھﻮ ارﺿﻰ اھﻞ اﻻرض ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
mvjvg web KznvBj e‡jb-31
-‫ ﻋﻄﺎء و ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ و ﻃﺎؤس‬: ‫ﻣﺎ رأﯾﺖ اﺣﺪا ﯾﺮﯾﺪ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﺟﮫ اﷲ اﻻ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
D‡jøwLZ e³e¨¸‡jv Øviv G K_v cÖwZqgvb nq †h, AvZv web ivevn Lye eo
gv‡ci GKRb Avwjg wQ‡jb| Z‡e Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© Be‡b AveŸvm †_‡K AvZvi †P‡qI
gyRvwn` I mvC` web RyevB‡ii eY©bv †ekx cvIqv hvq| Avi GB Kg msL¨K eY©bvi
Kvi‡Y Zvdmxi we‡klÁM‡Yi wbKU Zuvi gh©v`vi †Kvb KgwZ †bB| Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Zuvi
eY©bvi KgwZi KviY nj, wZwb eyw× wfwËK Zvdmxi Gwo‡q Pj‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ Avãyj
Avwhh web ivdx e‡jb-32
‫ ﻻ ادرى ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﮫ اﻻ ﺗﻘﻮل ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺮأﯾﻚ ؟ ﻗﺎل اﻧﻰ اﺳﺘﺤﻰ ﻣﻦ‬: ‫ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻄﺎء ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺎل‬
-‫اﷲ ان ﯾﺪان ﻓﻰ اﻻرض ﺑﺮائ‬
`xN©w`b Bj‡g Øx‡bi †L`gZ K‡i G gnvb gbxlx 115 wn. mv‡j 80 eQi eq‡m BwšÍKvj
K‡ib|33 W. ûmvBb Avhhvnvexi g‡Z, wZwb 114 wn. mv‡j BwšÍKvj K‡ib|34
28. cÖv¸³, c„. 114

29. cÖv¸³, c„. 113
30. cÖv¸³
31. cÖv¸³
32. cÖv¸³, c„. 114
33. Av`bvQvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 14
34. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 113
ZvweC cieZx© hy‡M Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i MwZaviv

Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g hy‡M ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) cweÎ KziAv‡bi †h e¨vL¨v w`‡Zb Zv ‡jLv
nZ bv | KziAv‡bi cVb,cvVb, e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY meB gy‡L gy‡L cÖPwjZ wQj| mvnvexMYI
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi‡K wewfbœ ì‡mi gRwj‡mi g‡a¨B mxgve× †i‡L‡Qb| Zuviv
Gwel‡q ‡jLvq nvZ †`b wb| ZvweCMYI mvnvevM‡Yi c_ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| hvi Kvi‡Y
wnRix cÖ_g I wØZxq kZvãx‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½ †Kvb Zvdmxi MÖš’ msKwjZ nq
wb ej‡jB P‡j| cieZx©‡Z ax‡i ax‡i nvw`m msMÖn Ges MÖš’bvi cvkvcvwk KziAv‡bi
Zvdmxi iPbvI Áv‡bi GKwU ¯^Zš¿ kvLv iƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| Z‡e Zvdmxi iPbvi
†ÿ‡Î c„_K c„_K `„wófw½i AbymiY Kiv nq| †Kn mb` wfwËK, Avevi ‡Kn gZb
wfwËK Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
GK`j gydvmwmi gynvwÏmM‡Yi c×wZ AbymiY K‡i mb` wfwËK Zvdmxi iPbvq
eªZx nb| G‡ÿ‡Î Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` web Rvwii AvZZvevix (224-310wn.) wQ‡jb
cw_K…r|1 wZwb `xN© w`b mvabv K‡i wZb nvRvi c„ôvq Avj KziAv‡bi GKwU myweb¨¯Í
nv`xm wfwËK cÖvgvY¨ Zvdmxi msKjb K‡ib| hvi wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Qb ÔRvwgDj evqvb
ÔAvb ZvÕexwj Avwqj KziAvbÕ|2 G MÖ‡š’ weï× I wbf©i‡hvM¨ Z_¨ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
G Mªš’ m¤ú‡K© Avjøvgv Avj Rveyix e‡jb- Zvdmxi RM‡Z Zvevixi Zvdmxi
GKwU e¨wZµgag©x ms‡hvRb, GwU Zvdmxi wej gvQy‡ii †ÿ‡Î Zvdmxi †eËv‡ì
wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm I Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|3 Avj KziAv‡bi fvl¨ MÖš’ iPbvi †ÿ‡Î hvuiv
Bmbv‡ì Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i Zvdmxi iPbvq eªZx n‡q‡Qb Bgvg Zvevix Zvu‡ì
kx‡l©| G Zvdmxi iPbvq wZwb we‡klfv‡e †h c×wZwU MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡”Q - nv`xm
D×„Z Ki‡Z wM‡q mb` ev eY©bv m~‡Îi ci¤úiv iÿv Kiv| KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vq wZwb †h
me nv`xm D×„Z K‡i‡Qb Zvi cÖwZwU nv`xmB mb`mn D×„Z K‡i‡Qb Ges mb` eY©bvq
avivevwnKZv f½ K‡ibwb| wZwb Zuvi MÖ‡š’ KziAvb Øviv KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Kivi
c×wZwUI mgfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|4
1. Avh hvnvex, AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 208
2. cÖv¸³
3. AvjRveyix, wìvmvZzb wdZZvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„.90
4. Avey Rvdi gynv¤§v` web Rvwii AvZ Zvevix, Zvdmxi Zvevix (evsjv Abyev`), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1993, 1g LÐ, c„. 235
Zvevixi Zvdmx‡ii GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K nj wZwb cÖvq cÖwZwU Avqv‡Zi

Zvdmx‡ii †ÿ‡Î gnvbex (mv.), mvnvex I Zv‡eCM‡Yi ewY©Z nv`xm mb` mnKv‡i D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi cieZx©Kv‡j gydvmwmiMY GB Mª‡š’i Dci wfwË K‡iB Zvdmxi MÖš’
iPbvq D‡`¨vwM n‡qwQ‡jb|5 Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx (i.) e‡jb6- ivm~jyjøvn (mv.),
mvnvex I Zv‡eCM‡Yi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z †Kej Zvdmx‡i Zvevix MÖš’wUB cÖ_g
weiwPZ n‡qwQj| Gi c~‡e© Ggb Zvdmxi Avi GKwUI iwPZ nqwb| cieZx©Kv‡j Avjøvgv
Zvevixi Abymi‡Y A‡b‡KB Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvu‡ì weL¨vZ K‡qKR‡bi
eY©bv wbæiƒc:
1. Aveyjøvqm bv‡mi Beby gynv¤§` (i.)
Avjøvgv Aveyjøvqm bv‡mi Beby gynv¤§` Be‡b Beivnxg AvmmvgviKv›`x Avj nvbvdx
(g„.375 wn.) Zvui mgmvgwqK hy‡Mi GKRb cÖwm× Avwjg wQ‡jb|7 wZwb mb‡ì
weï×Zv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i wiIqvqvZ wfwËK GK Lvbv Zvdmxi MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib|
hvi wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Qb Ôevniæj DjygÕ| nv`x‡mi cvkvcvwk wZwb GK Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmx‡i Ab¨ AvqvZ‡KI MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| D‡jøwLZ MÖš’wU †¯úb I DËi-cwðg
Avwd«Kvq e¨vcK fv‡e mgv`„Z nq| G MÖš’wUi wZbwU eo eo LÐ Ô`viæj KzZzeÕ
wgmi cvÐywjwc AvKv‡i cÖ`k©b K‡i| Zb¥‡a¨ `ywU LÐ Avj Avhnvi wek¦we`¨vjq
Ges KzZze Lvbv-B-Zvqgywiq¨v‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q|8
2. ûmvBb Beby gvmD` Avj evMvfx (i.)

Avey gynv¤§` ûmvBb Beby gvmD` Avj evMvfx (i.) Zuvi mg‡qi cÖwm× Avwjg
wQ‡jb| Bmjv‡gi cÖvÁ Avwjg I †meK wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K ÔkvBLzj BmjvgÕ Dcvwa
†`qv nq| wZwb my`xN© Kvj mvabv K‡i ÔgvÔAvwjgyZ ZvbhxjÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Pvi L‡Ð
weï× eY©bv wfwËK GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib|9
5. cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 174

6. Av`bvQvex, cÖv¸³, 1g ms, c„. 50
7. hyiKvbx, gvbvwnjyj Bidvb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„.497
8. W. Avãyj Iqvnnve Beivnxg, wKZveyj evnvQ Iqv` wìvmvwZj Bmjvwgq¨vn, `viæk kviK, wRÏv:
1986 L„. c„, 179
9. ïqvBe, kiûmmybœvn, gyKvwÏgv, 1g LÐ, c„. 20
AvZ Zvdmxi wej gvÕQzi wn‡m‡e GwU GKwU mgv`„Z Zvdmxi MÖš’| GwU‡K ms‡ÿ‡c
Zvdmx‡i evMvfxI ejv nq|10 MÖš’wU cÖm‡½ Avjøvgv evMvfx (i.) wb‡R e‡jb-
ÒAvjøvn Zvqvjvi A‡kl ing‡Z Avwg G MÖš’wU‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| weï× Zvdmxi
g~jK eY©bv ¸‡jv‡K AwZ `xN© m~‡Î ev AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL bv K‡i ga¨g cš’v Aej¤^b
c~e©K MÖš’wU cÖ¯‘Z Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ Ges h_v m¤¢e mZ©KZvi mv‡_ wiIqvqvZ wfwËK
Zvdmxi mg~n D‡jøL K‡iwQ|Ó11
3. Avey BmnvK Avngv` Beby Beivnxg (i.)

Avjøvgv Avey BmnvK Avngv` Beby Beivnxg AvQ QvÔjvwe Avb& wbkvcyix (g„. 427
wn.) wQ‡jb hyM †kªô Avwjg I Avj KyiAv‡bi Ab¨Zg M‡elK| Zuvi msKwjZ
Zvdmxi MÖš’ ÔAvj Kvk&d Iqvj evqvb ÔAvb Zvdmxwij KyiAvbÕ Zvdmx‡i gvÕQ~i
wn‡m‡e wek¦e¨vcx mgv`„Z|12 eo 4wU L‡Ð ÔgvK&ZvevZzj AvhnviÕ wgki n‡Z Zv
cÖKvwkZ nq| Zvi 4_© L‡Ði m~iv Avj dziKvb Gi Zvdmxi eZ©gv‡b cvIqv hvq
bv| cÖvß meUzKz AskB avivevwnK eY©bv m~Î wfwËK Zvdmxi wnmv‡e cwi`„ó nq|13
4. RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx (i.)
Aveyj dhj RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb web Avwe eKi web Imgvb Avmmyq~Zx (g„.
911 wn.) wQ‡jb wek¦ weL¨vZ Avwjg I M‡elK| Bj‡g Øx‡bi Ggb †Kvb wefvM
†bB †hLv‡b Zuvi M‡elYvK‡g©i †Quvqv jv‡Mwb| Zuvi †jLbx kw³i Av‡jvPbv Zuvi
mgmvgwqK AvwjgM‡Yi gv‡S myweL¨vZ wQj| Zuvi QvÎ `vD`x e‡jb- Avwg cÖZ¨ÿ
K‡iwQ †h, wZwb ˆ`wbK wZb w`¯Ív KvMR iPbv I m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb|14 Zuvi weiwPZ
MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 500 †_‡K 1000 wU e‡j bvbv m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|15 G AmsL¨ MÖ‡š’i
g‡a¨ ÔAv` `yiiæj gvbm~i wdZ& Zvdmxi wej gvQ~iÕ Zuvi Ab¨Zg †kªô MÖš’| G
Zvdmxi MÖš’wU wiIqvqvZ wfwËK Zvdmxi MÖš’ wn‡m‡e my-cwiwPZ|
10. W. Avãyj Iqvnnve Beivnxg, cÖv¸³, c„.1

11. Bgvg evMvfx, gvÔAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj, 1g LÐ, c„.1
12. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„.227
13. cÖv¸³,
14. Aveyj dhj, eyMqvZzj DÕAvZ wjm myq~Zx Gi UxKvKvi, 1g LÐ, c„.10
15. bvRgyÏxb Avj ¸hhx, Avj KvIqvwKeym mvBivn, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 228
G‡Z †Kvb Zvdmxi wei-ivq MÖnY Kiv nqwb|16 AvZ Zvdmxi wej gvQ~i wn‡m‡e G
Zvdmxi msKjbwU wek¦e¨vwc my-cÖwm×|
Zvdmxi iPbvi †ÿ‡Î Bgvg Zvevix‡K †hgb mb` wfwËK Zvdmxi iPbv avivi
cw_K…r ejv nq, †Zgb Bgvg Avey gvbm~i gynv¤§` web gynv¤§` gvngy` Avj gvZzwi`x
(248-333wn.) ‡K gZb wfwËK Zvdmxi avivi cw_K…r ejv nq|17 wZwbB me© cÖ_g
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi iPbvi †ÿ‡Î mb` A‡cÿv gZ‡bi Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i
Zvdmxi iPbvq eªZx nb| wZwb Zvdmxi I ZvÕex‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we‡ePbv K‡i
ZvÕex‡ji bxwZ‡Z Zvdmxi iPbv K‡ib| gZ‡bi gg© cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ wZwb GK AvqvZ‡K
Ab¨ AvqvZ Ges nv`xm w`‡q e¨vL¨v K‡ib| wZwb G ‡ÿ‡Î KziAvb, nv`xm, BwZnvm,
mxivn, ZvevKvZ cÖf„wZ m~Î eënvi K‡ib| wZwb †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b hyw³ I we‡e‡Ki
mg_©b‡KI e¨vL¨vi Kv‡R eënvi K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi †jLv ÔZvÕexjvZzj KziAvbÕ MÖš’wU
Zvdmxi welqK GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© MÖš’ | G MÖš’wU gymwjg wgjøv‡Zi Kv‡Q wewfbœ
bv‡g cwiwPZ| Kvkdyh hybyb cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-18 GwU ÔZvÕexjvZz Avnwjm mybœvnÕ bv‡g
mgwaK cwiwPZ|
665 c„ôv m¤^wjZ G MÖš’wU wgk‡ii `viæj KzZz‡e msiwÿZ Av‡Q| Bgvg gvZzwi`x
Zvi Zvdmx‡ii g‡a¨ Avnjym mybœvn Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi AvwK`v‡K AvKjx I bKjx `jxj
Øviv mve¨¯Í Kivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb| †hLv‡b Avnjym mybœvn Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_
gyZvwhjv‡ì we‡iva jÿ¨ K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡bB wZwb `jxj I hyw³i gva¨‡g Zvi Reve
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wZwb KziAv‡bi AvqvZvejx †_‡K wdK&nx gvmAvjv gvmvwqjI D™¢veb
K‡i‡Qb| hv Zvui c~e©eZx© †Kvb Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ cwijwÿZ nqwb|
m¤¢eZ Gw`‡K Bw½Z K‡iB Avj Kzivkx e‡jb-19
‫اﻧﮫ ﻻﯾﻮازﻧﮫ ﻛﺘﺎب وﻻ ﯾﺪا ﻧﯿﮫ ﺷﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺎ ﻧﯿﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﮫ ﻓﻲ ذ ﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﻦ‬
16. W. Avãyj Iqvnnve, cÖv¸³, c„.179

17. Be‡b LvwjøKvb, cÖv¸³ 2q LÐ, c„. 446
18. nvRx Lwjdv, Kvkdzh hybyb, cÖv¸³, c„. 225
19. W. Gg. Gg. ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 16
Bgvg gvZzwi`x Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ †h gZb wfwËK c×wZ ms‡hvRb K‡ib, Zvi cÖfve cieZ©x
Kv‡ji gydvmwmiMY‡K AZ¨šÍ Av‡jvwoZ K‡i| Zuvi Zvdmxi c×wZ AbymiY K‡i mviv
`ywbqvq AmsL¨ Zvdmxi MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| hvi wKq`sk wbgœiƒc:
1. gvdvwZûj Mvwqe: G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb Bgvg dLiæwÏb ivhx (g„. 544
wn)| gymwjg wgjøv‡Zi Kv‡Q GwU ÔZvdmx‡i KvexiÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|20
2. Avb IqviæZ Zvbhxj Iqv AvmiviæZ Zvexj: G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb
Avjøvgv Kvhx bvwmiæwÏb evqhvex (g„. 691 wn.)| GwU ÔZvdmx‡i evqhvexÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ|21
3. Zvdmxiæ Avexm mvD`: G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU Avjøvgv Aveym mvD` gynv¤§` Beb gynv¤§`
Beb gy¯Ívdv Zvnvfx (g„. 952 wn.) iPbv K‡ib|22
4. gv`vwiKzZ Zvbhxj Iqv nvKvwqKzZ Zvwej: G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb Aveyj
evivKvZ Avey Avãyjvn Avb bvmvdx (g„. 701wn.)|23
5. jyeveyZ ZvÕexj dx gvÔAvwbZ Zvbhxj: G Zvdmxi MÖš’ Lvbv iPbv K‡ib Bgvg
Avjv DÏxb Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb gynv¤§` Avj evM`v`x (g„. 741 wn.)| G MÖš’wU
ÔZvdmx‡i LvwhbÕ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|24
6. Avj evniæj gywnZ: G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib Avjøvgv Avey nvBqvb Avj
Av›`vjymx (g„. 745wn.)| 25
8. Zvdmxiæ iæwnj gvÔAvbx: G Zvdmxi MÖš’Lvbv Avjøvgv Aveym mvbv wknveywÏb Avj
mvBwq¨` gvngy` Avwd›`x Avj Avjymx (g„.1270 wn.) iPbv K‡ib|26
7. Zvdmxiæ iƒwnj evqvb: G Zvdmxi MÖš’Lvbv kvqL BmgvBj (R. 1036 wn.) iPbv
K‡ib|27
20. Be‡b LvwjøKvb, cÖv¸³, c„.252

21. kvqL hv`vn, nvwkqv kvqL hv`vn Avjv Zvdmxwi evqhvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 4
22. Avh hvnvex, cÖv¸³, c„. 334
23. cÖv¸³,
24. cÖv¸³ c„. 304
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 310
26. The Encyclo padia of Islam (Leiden. 1978). Vol. 1. p.191 .
gydvmwm‡ii ¸Yvejx
Avjøvgv Rvjvj DÏxb myq~Zx (i.) Gi g‡Z cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zvdmxi †ck Kivi
Rb¨ Kgc‡ÿ 15wU wel‡qi Bjg AZ¨vek¨Kxq| wZwb e‡jb1-
‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ اﻟﯿﮭﺎ وھﻲ ﺧﻤﺴ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ء‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮاﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮاﻻﺣﺎدﯾﺚ اﻟﻤﺒﯿ‬
-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺴﺮﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺴﺮا اﻻﺑﺘﺤﺼﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻓﺴﺮﺑﺪوﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﺴﺮا ﺑﺎﻟﺮاي اﻟﻤﻨﮭﻲ ﻋﻨﮫ‬
gydvm&wmi ‡K Zvdmxi Ki‡Z n‡j †h cbiwU Bj‡gi cÖ‡qvRb Zv n‡”Q-
1. Bjgyj-jyMvn (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬Z_v fvlv Ávb:
gydvmwmi‡K Aek¨B Aviex fvlv m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Áv‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e Ges
k‡ãi eënvi ixwZ m¤ú‡K© c~Y© AwfÁ n‡Z n‡e| gyRvwn` (i.) e‡jb-2
-‫ﻻﯾﺤﻞ ﻻﺣﺪ ﯾﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ واﻟﯿﻮم اﻻﺧﺮان ﯾﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ اذ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﻌﺮب‬
Ôwhwb Avjøvn I AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ Cgvb iv‡Lb, Avie‡ì fvlv m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv AR©b
bv K‡i KziAvb m¤ú‡K© †Kvb K_v ejv Zvi Rb¨ êa n‡e bv|Õ
2. Bjgyb bvû (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ev Aviex evK¨ cÖKiY m¤úKx©q Ávb:
gydvmwmi‡K Aek¨B Bjgyb bvûi Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv Biv‡ei wewfbœZvi Kvi‡Y
k‡ãi A‡_©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡q hvq| bvûi Ávb e¨ZxZ cv_©K¨ RwbZ Avqv‡Zi A_©
mwVKfv‡e D`NvUb Kiv m¤¢e bq|
3. Bjgym-mvid (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﺮف‬Z_v Aviex kã cÖKiY m¤úK©xq Ávb:
gydvmwmi‡K Aek¨B Bjgym mvid Gi mg¨K Áv‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e| kã MVb I
k‡ãi g~j wfwË m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ bv n‡j A‡_©i wewfbœZvi †ÿ‡Î mwVK A_© wbY©q Kiv
m¤¢e nq bv | †hgb Bgvg ( ) kãwU m„wóMZ fv‡e GKePb hvi eûePb AvB¤§v
( )| †KD hw` Bgvg †K D¤§yb (‫ )ام‬k‡ãi eûePb a‡i †bq Zv n‡e AÁZviB
cwiPvqK| Bjgym mid Rbv bv _vK‡j Avj KziAv‡bi mwVK Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb
Kivi †ÿ‡Î G RvZxq RwUjZvq Rwo‡q covi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
1. Rvjvj DwÏb myq~Zx, Avj BZKvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 231-232

2. cÖv¸³
4. Bjgyj BkwZKvK (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق‬ev k‡ãi ey¨rcwËMZ Ávb:

GKB kã eyrcwËMZ fv‡e wfbœ kã †_‡K wbM©Z n‡j A‡_©i cv_©K¨ n‡q hvq| G
Rb¨B gydvmwmi‡K Bjgyj BkwZKvK Gi Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e| †hgb- ‫اﻟﻤﺴﯿﺢ‬
kãwU ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬Ges ‫ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﺔ‬Dfq kã †_‡K MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘y Df‡qi A‡_©i
g‡a¨ A‡bK eo cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb|3
5. Bjgyj gvÔAvbx (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ev kã cÖ‡qv‡Mi AjsKiY Ávb:
6. Bjgyj evqvb (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬ev fve cÖKv‡ki AjsKviY Ávb:
7. Bjgyj ev`x (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻊ‬ev evK¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AsjsKiY Ávb:
G wZbwU Bjg Bjgyj evjvMvZ (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬Gi Ask| k‡ãi Zvrch©, ev‡Kï
web¨vm, I Zvrch© Abyaveb, Q›è× e³e¨ †_‡K e³‡eï g~j Zvrch© Abyaveb Ges
Avj KziAv‡bi g~j inm¨ I KvswLZ Zvrch© D`NvU‡b G wZb cÖKvi Ávb
AZ¨vek¨Kxq| Bgvg myq~Zx (i.) G cÖm‡½ e‡jb-4
‫وھﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻋﻈﻢ ارﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻻﻧﮫ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﺘﻀﯿﮫ اﻻﻋﺠﺎز واﻧﻤﺎ ﯾﺪرك ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬
ÔGKRb gydvmwm‡ii Rb¨ G wZb cÖKvi Bjg D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcv`vb| KziAv‡bi
A‡jŠwKKZ¡ Abyaveb Kiv Gme Bj‡gi gva¨g Qvov m¤¢e bq|Õ
8. Bjgyj wK¡ivAvZ (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﺮأات‬ev Avj KziAvb cVbixwZ Ávb:
Avj KziAv‡bi wK¡ivAvZ c×wZi cv_©‡K¨ A_© I Zvrc‡h©i cv_©K¨ n‡q hvq| ZvB
gydvmwmi‡K Aek¨B Bjgyj wK¡ivAvZ m¤ú‡K© fvj Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|
9. Dm~jyÏxb (‫ )اﺻﻮل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ev Øx‡bi †gŠwjK wfwË I g~jbxwZi Ávb:
Øxwbi g~jbxwZi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AvKvC`, Bev`vZ I wmqvmvZ| AvKvC‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
Avjøvni GKZ¡ev`, mve©‡fŠgZ¡, wKZveyjøvn, wimvjvZ, gvjvBKv I AvwLiv‡Zi Dci
`„p AvKx`v †cvlY Kiv| Bev`‡Zi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q bvgvR, †ivhv, n¾, hvKvZ I
wRnv`| Avi wmqvmv‡Z i‡q‡Q Avjøvni mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I wimvjv‡Zi c×wZ‡Z Avjøvni
ûKzgvZ cÖwZôv Ges ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi ci wLjvdvZ ÔAvjv wgbnvRyb beyq¨vn
(‫ )اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﮭﺎج اﻟﻨﺒﻮة‬Z_v beyqZx avivq wLjvdvZ cÖwZôv| GKRb
gydvmwmi‡K KziAv‡bi g~jfve Abyave‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Øx‡bi Gme g~jbxwZi ZË¡, Z_¨
I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e |
10. Dm~jyj wdK&n (‫ )اﺻﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﮫ‬ev wdK‡ni g~jbxwZ Ávb:
gydvmwmi‡K wKZveyjøvn, ivm~jyjøvni (mv.) mybœvn, BRgv I wKqv‡mi aviv I Dcaviv
m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Ávbx n‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z KziAv‡bi wewfbœ ûKzg-AvnKvg I wRÁvmvi
Reve †ei Ki‡Z mÿg nb|
3. RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, c„. 232

4. cÖv¸³
11. Avmeveyb byh~j Iqvj Kvmvm (‫ )اﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻨﺰول واﻟﻘﺼﺺ‬ev AveZx‡Y©i KviY I
NUbvejxi Ávb: m~iv I AvqvZ mg~n bvwhj nIqvi Kvj, †cÖwÿZ, KviY I
NUbvejx m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv AvqvZ ev m~iv AeZx‡b©i KviY Rvbv
e¨ZxZ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi Kiv m¤¢e bq|
12. Avb bvwmL Iqvj gvbm~L (‫ )اﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ واﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮخ‬ev iwnZKvix AvqvZ I iwnZ
AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Ávb: †h AvqvZ ev ûKzg iwnZ n‡q †M‡Q Zv Rvbv bv
_vK‡j gydvmwmi KziAv‡bi g~j Zvrch© Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
13. Bjgyj wdKn (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ‬ev AvBbkv¯¿ m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK Ávb:
wdK&‡ni Ávb bv _vK‡j KziAvb gRx‡ì AvqvZ †_‡K kixÔAv‡Zi ûKzg AvnKvg
†ei Kiv m¤¢e bq|
14. Dj~gyj nv`xm (‫ )ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬Z_v nv`xm m¤úK©xq Bjg: G BjgwU GRb¨B
Riæix †h, KziAvb gvRx‡ì gyRgvj I gyZvkvwen ev RwUj-`y‡e©va¨ AvqvZ mg~‡ni
e¨vL¨v ivm~j (mv.) Gi cweÎ gyLwb:m„Z evYx †_‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j wb‡Ri
†Lqvj LykxgZ Zvdmxi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡eb hv nvivg|
15. Bjgyj gvIwnevn ( ) ev Avjøvn cÖ`Ë mivmwi Ávb: Bmjvgx cwifvlvq
hv‡K Bjgyj jv`ybœx (‫ )ﻋﻠﻢ ﻟﺪﻧﻲ‬ejv nq|
Bjgy~j gvIwnev ej‡Z eySvq5
‫ھﻮﻋﻠﻢ ﯾﻮرﺛﮫ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ واﻟﯿﮫ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﺑﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ورﺛﮫ اﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﻠﻢ‬
‡Kvb †Kvb KziAvb wekvi` Dc‡iv³ ¸Yvejxi mv‡_ wbgœ wjwLZ Bjgx †hvM¨Zv _vKvI
gydvmwm‡ii Rb¨ Avek¨K e‡j gZvgZ †ck K‡i‡Qb:
16. gydvmwmi‡K Avjøvni hvZ , wmdvZ, ûKzg I BLwZqvivZ m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYvi
AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e| G Qvov gnvbexi (mv.) Gi wimvjv‡Zi `vwqZ¡ I ghv©`v Ges
Zvi †MvUv mxivn m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYvi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e|6
17. Avj KziAvb †h mgv‡R AeZxY© n‡qwQj †m mgv‡Ri mwVK Ae¯’v I cwi‡ek
m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| G Qvov gnvbex (mv.) Gi gva¨‡g Avie f~wg‡Z
†h wecøe msNwUZ n‡qwQj †m wecøe m¤ú‡K©I h_vh_ Ávb _vKv evÂbxq|7
18. Dj~gyj KziAv‡bi wewfbœ w`K Z_v gynKvg , gyZvkvwen, BRvh, Avgmvj, Zvkexn,
Inx, gv°x, gv`vbx m~iv BZ¨vw` welq m¤ú‡K©I mg¨K Áv‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e|8
5. cÖv¸³
6. W. †gvn¤§` †ejvj, †gvdvmwmi cwiwPwZ I Zvdmxi chv©‡jvPbv, †m›Uvi di BmjvwgK wimvP©,
ivRkvnx: 2011, m. 1, c„. 10,11
7. cÖv¸³
8. cÖv¸³
wØZxq Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©v : D™¢e I µgweKvk
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©vi ¯îƒc
ZzKx© exi BLwZqvi DwÏb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx 1203 L„. ivRv j²Y
†mb‡K jL&‡bŠ ‡_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i evsjv Rq K‡ib Ges wewRZ AÂ‡j ms¯‹…Z PP©vi
g~‡j KzVvivNvZ †n‡b evsjv fvlv PP©vi c_ Db¥y³ K‡ib|1 AZci wZwb mgMÖ DËie½ Rq
K‡ib| Zvui G e½ weR‡qi ci †_‡KB gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ evsjv fvlvi GKwU NwbÕ
m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nq|2 gymjgvbMY e½ †`‡k gvmwR`, gvìvmv I LvbKv BZ¨vw` cÖwZôv
K‡i Zvu‡ì agx©q Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges evsjv fvlvi gva¨‡g †`kevmxi
wbKU Bmjvg ag© cÖPvi I ag© welqK MÖš’vejx iPbvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|3 †Kvb †Kvb
iÿYkxj gymjgvb G‡`kxq KziAvbx fvlvq mvwnZ¨ iPbv‡K mybR‡i bv †`L‡jI wKQy
mvwnwZ¨K gvZ…fvlvq agx©q MÖš’ iPbvi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä K‡i KziAvbx mvwnZ¨ PP©vq GwM‡q
Av‡mb| 14k kZ‡Ki Kwe kvn gynv¤§` mMx‡ii Ôqymyd RwjLvÕ Kve¨ MÖš’ G Kv‡Ri
cÖZ¨ÿ `jxj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| wZwb wj‡Lb:4
Ò‡`wLjvg c‡iZL wKev G ¯^cb|
GK `„wó †bnvj cvmwi Avcb \
nv‡ZZ ZziÄ dj KvwZ Limvb|
n¯Í m‡g dj Kv‡U g‡b bvwn Ávb \
‡Kn dj KvwU‡Z Av½ywj KvwUqv wbj|
wKev Ki wKev dj GK b Rvwbj \
---------------------------------
---------------------------------
w¯Íwi m‡e †ev‡j GB gbyl¨ gyiwZ|
¯^M© ˆgZ© cvZvwj wRwbqv iƒc L¨vwZ \Ó
1. W±i gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK, gymwjg evsjv mvwnZ¨ cvwK¯Ívb cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv: 1965, 2q ms¯‹iY,
c„. 13
2. Aa¨vcK Avjx Avng`, evsjv fvlvq KziAvb gRx‡ì Abyev`, mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v,
1968, c„.57
3. cÖv¸³
4. D×„wZ, W±i gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK m¤úvw`Z, BDmyd †Rv‡jLv, XvKv: 1984, c„. 125
ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hvq kvn gynv¤§` mMx‡ii D³ Kve¨vskwU cweÎ KziAv‡b
m~iv BDm~‡di 31 bs Avqv‡Zi fvewfwËK e¨vL¨v|5 ‡lvok kZvãxi ga¨fv‡Mi Kwe
ˆmq` myjZv‡bi KweZv‡ZI we‡k¦i wewfbœ fvlvi b¨vq gvZ…fvlv evsjvq KziAv‡bi gg©
cÖPvimn agx©q MÖš’ iPbvi c‡ÿ hyw³ cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wZwb wj‡Lb-6
Ôiƒgx m‡e iƒg fv‡m †Kviv‡bi KZv|
‡jvK m‡e wjwL jB K‡išÍ †ee¯Ív \
ZziwK ¯’v‡b ZziwK fv‡m qv‡cvbvi|
‡Kviv‡bi KZv me wjwÿ jBqv mvi \
mvgx m‡e mvgx fv‡m †Kviv‡bi gg©|
mywbqv Kwe‡Z qvQ †gvQjvwg K¤§© \
------------------------------
------------------------------
KZ †`k KZ fv‡m †Kviv‡bi KZv|
w`b †gvnv¤§w` eywR †`qšÍ †ee¯Ív \
evsjvq Bmjv‡gi AvMgb I cÖPvi-cÖmvi eÐKvj c~e© †_‡K NU‡jI evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ PP©v ïiæ nq A‡bK c‡i| Gi †cQ‡b wb‡æv³ KviYØq
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|6
K. `xN©Kvj ch©šÍ ev½vjx gymjgvb‡ì miKvix I mvs¯‹…wZK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖavb gva¨g
wQj dvmx© I D`©y fvlv| G `yÕfvlvq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y KziAv‡bi Abyev`, e¨vL¨v I
KziAvb welqK MÖš’vejx cÖKvwkZ nIqvq evsjv fvlvq KziAvb I Zvdmxi PP©vi
cÖ‡qvRb Abyf~Z nqwb|
L. eÐKvj ch©šÍ iÿYkxj ev½vjx gymjgvbMY KziAvb ZiRgv Kiv‡K †e-kiv ev
ag©Mwn©Z KvR e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì GKwU e×g~j aviYv wQj †h, KziAvb
Ab~w`Z n‡j KziAv‡bi cweÎZv bÕ n‡q hv‡e Ges gymjgvb mgvR weåvšÍ n‡e|
5. m~iv BDmy‡di 31 bs Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q- ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ رأﯾﻨﮫ اﻛﺒﺮﻧﮫ وﻗﻄﻌﻦ اﯾﺪﯾﮭﻦ وﻗﻠﻦ ﺣﺎﺷﺎ ﷲ اﻟﺦ‬
ÔhLb Zviv Zvu‡K †`Lj, nZf¤^ n‡q †Mj Ges Avcb nvZ †K‡U †djj| Zviv ejj: KLbB bq-G e¨w³
gvbe bq! G‡Zv †Kvb gnvb †d‡ikZv!Õ
6. Aa¨vcK Avjx Avng` m¤úvw`Z, IdvZ-B-ivm~j, (giÐg ˆmq` myjZvb weiwPZ), †bvqvLvjx: 1356,
c„. 7
g~jZ Dwbk kZ‡Ki cÖ_gva© †_‡K evsjv-cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k ev½vjx gymwjg

cwÐZeM© KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`, XxKv-wUàbx, Zvdmxi I wewfbœ Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ iPbv,
Bmjvgx cÖeÜ I cÎ-cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib|7 G mgq wKQy wKQy AgymwjgI
KziAvb PP©vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| eªvþag©vej¤^x wMwik P›`ª †mb (1835-1910) KZ©„K
1881-1885 L„. m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z wZwb wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨vq XxKv-wUàbxI mshy³ K‡ib| Gi fvlv cÖvÄj| Z‡e ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi cÖfveI Kg
bq| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi e½vbyevw`Z KziAvb wn‡m‡e wewfbœ gymwjg gbxlx KZ©©„K Zvui G
Kg©wU cÖkswmZ n‡jI Zv ÎæwUgy³ wQj bv| †hgb wZwb m~iv GLjv‡m ÔAvm mvgv`Õ k‡ãi
Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Ôwb®‹vgÕ8 A_P Gi mwVK A_© n‡e ÔAgyLv‡cÿxÕ|
ev½vjx gymjgvbM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv bCgyÏxbB (1832-1908) me© cÖ_g
KyiAv‡bi e½vbyev`mn fvl¨ iPbv K‡ib| Zvui Ab~w`Z KziAvb 1g †_‡K 9g cviv ch©šÍ
Zuvi RxeÏkvq 1887-1908 L„. g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ nq| AZci Zvui cyÎMYI Zvui c`v¼
AbymiY K‡i 23 cviv ch©šÍ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I fvl¨ wj‡L 1909 L„. cÖKvk K‡ib|9
wesk kZvãxi ïiæi w`‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e M‡`¨ I c‡`¨ KziAv‡bi
e½vbyev` I fvl¨ PP©v ïiæ nq| ALÐ fvi‡Z 1947 L„. ch©šÍ KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½ e½vbyev`
I fvl¨ PP©vq hviv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AveŸvm
Avjx (1859-1923), gvIjvbv ZmwjgyÏxb Avng` (1852-1927), †ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg
†Mvìm¨vK (1861-1950), Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig (1875-1947), gynv¤§` Avãyj
nvKxg (1887-1957), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvKivg Lvu (186801968), bKxe DwÏb Lvu
(R. 1301 e.), dRjyi inxg †PŠayix (1896-1929) I W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn (1885-
1960) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|10 wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu
cweÎ KziAv‡bi LwÐZ e½vbyev` I fvl¨ wjL‡b L¨vwZ AR©b Ki‡jI Zvui c~Y©v½ Ab~w`Z
KziAvb I fvl¨ cÖKvwkZ nq G kZvwãi †klv‡a©|11
7. Ag‡j›`y †`, evsjv fvlvq †KviAvb PP©v, iZ¥v cÖKvkb, KjKvZv: 1999, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„.1-2
8. wMwik P›`ª †mb (Ab~w`Z), †KviAvb kixd, nid cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv: 1979, 3q ms¯‹i‡Yi ci cyb:
gy`ªY, c„. 681 c„ôvi ci b¤î wenxb AwZwi³ ms‡hvwRZ c„ôv `ªÕe¨
9. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, evsjv fvlvq KziAvb PP©v, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1986 L„.
c„.75
10. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, evsjv fvlvq KziAvb PP©v: DrcwË I µgweKvk, Avj KziAvb B›Uvib¨vkbvj
wimvP© GKv‡Wgx, XvKv: 2004 L„. c„. 96
11. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cweÎ KziAvb cÖPv‡ii BwZnvm I e½vbyev‡ì kZel©, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv:
1997 L„. c„. 67
gymwjg mvsevw`KZvi w`Kcvj gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvKivg Lvu ÔcweÎ KziAv‡bi wÎfvwlKÕ
bv‡g KziAv‡bi GKwU e½vbyev` K‡g© gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjxi mv‡_ Ask †bb| W.
gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb D³ Abyev`‡K m~iv dvwZnvi Abyev` I †gvdvLLvi Ð‡mBb Lvub D³
Abyev`‡K KziAv‡bi cÖ_g cvivi Abyev` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|12 Zvui c„_K Ab~w`Z
KziAv‡bi m~iv dvwZnvi AskwU ÔAvj BmjvgÕ cwÎKvq 1918 L„. ÔAvgcvivi Abyev`Õ 1923
L„. Ges Ô‡KviAvb kixd cÖ_g LÐÕ 1930 L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡jI 5 L‡Ð KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½ Abyev`
I fvl¨ cÖKvwkZ nq 1959 L„. †_‡K 1960 L„. g‡a¨|13 Zvui KziAvbx mvwnZ¨ PP©v Bmjvgx
mvwn‡Z¨ †ek cÖfve †d‡jwQj| Z‡e Zvui Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ZrKvjxb I eZ©gvb Avwjg mgv‡Ri
GKwU e„nËi Ask KZ©„K ¯^xK…Z I mgw_©Z nq wb| ZrKvjxb cÎ-cwÎKvqI Zvui Abyev` I
fv‡lï A‡b‡KB cÖwZev` K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui Abyev` I fv‡lï ÎæwUi aiY¸‡jv nj, †hgb-
Av`g (Av.) ‡K e¨w³ we‡k‡li bvg wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi Kiv, Av`g (Av.) †K ‡h RvbœvZ †_‡K
†ei K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj G‡K `ywbqvi Kvbb wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv14 I nhiZ Cmv (Av.) †K
AvKv‡k D‡Ëvj‡bi K_v A¯^xKvi Kiv15 BZ¨vw` ‡gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKxg I †gvnv¤§` Avjx
nvmv‡bi †hŠ_ Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAvb 1922 †_‡K 1938 L„. g‡a¨ 30 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ
nq|16 Abyev`wU‡Z mvgvb¨ ÎæwU-wePy¨wZ _vK‡jI ZrKvjxb cvVK mgv‡R GUv †ek mgv`„Z
n‡qwQj| ZrKvjxb wkÿvgš¿x I cÖavbgš¿x †k‡i evsjv G,‡K dRjyj nK D³ Abyev‡ì cÖksmv
K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb-
Ò‡KviAv‡bi G Abyev` I Zvdmxi AwZ DrK…Õ Ges wkwÿZ mgv‡Ri m¤ú~Y© Dc‡hvMx
nBqv‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’Lvwbi Abyev` weï× Ges fvlv mij I gvwR©Z nBqv‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii
fvlv we‡kl M‡elYv g~jK nB‡jI †ek cwiùzÕ I mnR‡eva¨ nBqv‡Q|Ó17
wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© ev½vjx gymwjg cwÐZ I Kwe mvwnwZ¨KM‡Yi A‡b‡KB evsjv
fvlvq KziAv‡bi LwÐZ fvl¨ wjL‡b Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` iæÐj
Avwgb (1875-1945) Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ 1g, 2q, 3q cviv I Avgcviv,
Gqvi Avng` Gj,wU, (g„. 1944) Gi ÔAvgcvivi ev½vjv ZdwQiÕ †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvg AvKe‡ii
(g„. 1956) ÔAvgcvivi ZvdwmiÕ gydwZ gynv¤§` Iqvdxi (g„. 1945), ÔZvdmxi cviv Av¤§Õ I
gvIjvbv hyjwdKvi Avjxi (g„. 1945), ÔKziAvb kixd: Avgcvivi ZvdmxiÕ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|18
12. W. †gvt gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 112-113; †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Luvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 96-97
13. Avjx Avng`, evsjv gymwjg MÖš’cwÄ, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv: 1985, 1g ms, c„. 17-18
14. †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, XvKv: wSbyK cyw¯ÍKv, 1382 evs/1975, 1g LÐ, 2q ms,
c„. 59-63
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 438
16. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 149-150
17. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvub, cÖv¸³, c„. 89
18. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„.100
evsjv mvwn‡Zï ga¨hyM I AvaywbK hy‡M cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©v

evsjv mvwn‡Zï ga¨hyM Z_v 1201-1800 L„. ch©šÍ mg‡q cweÎ KyiAv‡bi
cÖZ¨ÿ †Kvb e½vbyev` I fvl¨ MÖš’ iwPZ nqwb| Z‡e G mg‡q KziAv‡bi fvewfwËK
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v PP©v ïiæ nq| evsjv mvwn‡Zï AvaywbK hyM Z_v Dwbk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g
w`K †_‡KB g~jZ evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v PP©v ïiæ nq|
Avi G‡ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki iscyi †Rjvi M½vPov _vbvi gyKyUcyi wbevmx Avgxi DwÏb
emywbqv n‡jb cw_K…Z| wZwb evsjv cqvi Q‡›` KziAvb gRx‡ì wÎkZg cvivi e½vbyev`
K‡ib| W. gyn¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb 1908 L„. cÖKvwkZ iscyi mvwnZ¨ cwil` cwÎKvi 3q
msL¨vi (c„. 120) eiv‡Z D³ Avg cvivi Kve¨byev‡ì cÖKvkKvj Dwbk kZ‡Ki †Mvovi
w`‡K e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|21 gynv¤§` Avjxg DwÏb e‡jb-ÔAvgxi DÏxb emywbqv Dbwesk
kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K Avg cvivi Abyev` K‡ib| GwU m¤¢eZ †KviAv‡bi cÖ_g Abyev`|Õ22 Aa¨vcK
Ave`ym mvjvg e‡jb-ÔRbve Avgxi DÏxb emywbqvi GB mij evsjv Kve¨byev` Lvwb 1866 mv‡j
cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|Õ23
‡kL dRjyj Kwig (1882-1966) m¤úvw`Z Aaybvjyß ÔevmbvÕ cwÎKvq 1909 L„.
ÔDËi e‡½i gymjgvb mvwnZ¨Õ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü nv‡g` Avjx gšÍe¨ K‡ib- ÔGKkZ ermi c~‡e©
Avgxi DÏxb emywbqv GB Avgcvivi Abyev` iPbv K‡ib|Õ m~Zivs G m~‡Î D³ Abyev‡ì iPbv
ev cÖKvkKvj w¯’i nq 1809 L„.|24 Z‡e GwU wQj e¨vL¨v wenxb ïay Kve¨vbyev`|25 evsjv
fvlvq cÖZ¨ÿ fv‡e cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v PP©vq ‡h mKj gbxlx Abe`¨ Ae`vb
†i‡L‡Qb Zviv g~jZ K‡qK fv‡M wef³| †Kn cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvswkK ev m~iv wfwËK
Zvdmxi Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i‡Qb, †Kn ïay UxKv-wUàbxmn e½vbyev` Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i‡Qb|
Avevi †Kn c~Y©v½ fv‡e cweÎ KziAv‡bi m¤ú~Y© As‡ki Zvdmxi m¤úv`b K‡i‡Qb|
Avevi †Kn wewfbœ fvlvq iwPZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev` K‡i evsjv fvlv-fvlx‡ì Kv‡Q
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Av‡jvK †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| wb‡æ avivevwnK fv‡e Zuv‡ì
Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv nj-
21. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„.31

22. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„.19
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 18
24. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„.31
25. W. Ave`yj I`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 123
K. evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvswkK Zvdmxi PP©v:

‡h mKj gbxlx evsjv fvlvq AvswkK ev m~iv wfwËK Zvdmxi PP©v K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì e¨w³
Rxeb I Zvdmxi K‡g©i Dci bvwZ`xN© Av‡jvPbv wbæiƒc:
AvKei Avjx
KjKvZvi giÐg ˆmq` Ave`yjøvni Avng`x †cÖm †_‡K 1275 ev./1868 L„. kªx
†Mvjvg AvKei Avjx KZ©„K †`vfvlx evsjvq ÔZiRgv Avg‡QcvivÕ bv‡g Kve¨vbyev`
cÖKvwkZ nq|26 †jLK G‡Z e¨vL¨v ¯îƒc Ôdv‡q`vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g AvqvZ mg~‡ni wewfbœ w`K
we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ GUv‡KB cÖ_g cÖqvm
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq|27 Lyjbv †Rjvi evwniw`qv MÖv‡gi Awaevmx bIgymwjg Ave`yjøvn
Lvu G MÖš’wUi msMÖvnK|28 mvßvwnK AvivdvZ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Avãyi ingvb I W.
gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb Df‡qB Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wUi msMÖvnK wn‡m‡e Ave`yjøvn Luvi bvg
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|29 MÖš’wU eZ©gv‡b evsjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q| 1968 L„. 19
†deªæqvix mvßvwnK AvivdvZ cwÎKvi KziAvb msL¨vq ÔAvg cvivi cÖvPxb evsjv ZiRgvÕ
kxl©K GKwU mswÿß cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖeÜKvi wQ‡jb cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Avãyi ingvb
wb‡RB| Rbve Ave`yi ingvb D‡jøwLZ Aaybvjyß gvwmK ÔZiRgvbyj nv`xmÕ cwÎKvq
avivevwnK fv‡e Zv cÖKvk K‡ib|30 1971 L„. 11 b‡f¤î Abyev`wU‡K wZwb
cy¯ÍKvKv‡iI cyYtgy`ªY K‡iwQ‡jb|31 G cy¯ÍKwU‡Z m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv dvRi Gi
wKqv`sk ch©šÍ Aewkó Av‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© mvßvwnK AvivdvZ m¤úv`K e‡jb Òm~ivZzj
dvR‡ii 1g w`‡Ki 7wU Avqv‡Zi ZR©gv I dv‡q`v GB Ac~Y©v½ c~uw_i †kl c„ôv|Ó32
ÔZiRgv Avg‡Q cvivÕi AvL¨v cÎ †_‡K AbywgZ nq †h, D³ MÖ‡š’i †jLK
KjKvZvi cvUIqvi evMv‡bi wgR©vcyi gnjøvi Awaevmx wQ‡jb|33 Zvui Rxeb Kvj m¤ú‡K©
‡Zgb wKQy Rvbv hvqwb| wZwb ZrKvjxb gvby‡li AvMÖn †`‡L eÐ K‡ó Av‡jvP¨
26. Avãyi ingvb, Avgcvivi cÖvPxbZg ZiRgv, mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v, 1968 L„.
c„. 37-43
27. W. Ave`yj I`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 123
28. Ave`yi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 37
29. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 24
30. cÖv¸³, c„. 24
31. Av‡jvP¨ Ôevsjv Avg‡QcvivÕi cybgy`ªYKv‡j Gi ïiæ‡Z m¤úv`K Av`yi ingvb wjwLZ f~wgKv `ªÕe¨:
mvßvwnK ÔAvidvZÕ 1968 L„. 21 †deªæqvix, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v, c„. 37
32. Ave`yi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 51
33. Avãyi ingvb, Avgcvivi cÖvPxbZg ZiRgv, cÖv¸³, c„. 37
MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib Ges KjKvZvi giûg nvRx ˆmq` Avãyjøvni Avng`x †cÖm †_‡K
AvmMi †nv‡m‡bi gva¨‡g 1275 ev./1868 L„. gyw`ªZ K‡i cÖKvk K‡ib| kªx †Mvjvg
AvKei Avjxi ÔZiRgv Avg‡QcvivÕi cÖwZwU m~ivi ïiæ‡Z Aviex I evsjv Aÿ‡i †mB
m~ivi bvg, bvwh‡ji ¯’vb, AvqvZ msL¨v I wemwgjøvwni ivngvwbi ivwng wjwce× n‡q‡Q
Ges m~iv dvwZnvi evsjv cqvi Q‡›` wemwgjøvnÕi Kvwe¨K AbyevÌ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| D³
MÖ‡š’ cÖwZwU m~ivi AvqvZ mg~‡ni nvivKvZ ev ¯îwPý D‡jøLc~e©K †mB m~ivi ZiRgv
m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZiRgvi ci e¨vL¨v ¯îƒc Ôdv‡q`vÕ I ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡æ
bgybv ¯îƒc m~iv Z¡x‡bi Abyev` I dv‡q`v D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
*Qyiv Zxb g°vq DZwij 8 Avqv‡Zi
wK‡i Kwi Avwg AvwÄi Avi RqZz‡bi| Avi wK‡i Kwi Avwg Zzi wQwbwbi| Avi wK‡i GB
m‡nvi Iqvjvi| A‡bK ev‡Zi Av‡gvb GB g°v gvSvi|
*dv‡q`v
AvwÄi Avi ˆRËb Gnvi evMvb Wv‡b ev‡g eq‡Zj gyKv‡ÏQ ¯’vb|
*dv‡q`v
gyQv bwe †R cvnv‡o Kvjvg †Kv‡iwQj| ZziwQwbb bvg †R Zvnvi ˆnqv †Mj*
`v½v Avi Lyb bvwn g°v m‡nvi we‡P|
Avi eÐZ ev‡Zi Avgb Zv‡n Av‡Q*
IB mK‡ji AvjøvZvjv wK‡i Kwiqv| wb‡Pi wjwLZ
gRbyb w`‡jv RvbvBqv----------------------
evbvBjvg AwZ Lye M‡Vvb GbQv‡bi| Zvnv c‡i
†dwjjvg wb‡P mK‡ji*
*dv‡q`v
R‡Zv Av‡Q `ywbqvi Rvb Rv‡bvqvi mev †nv‡Z
fvj QyiZ evbvBjvg Zvi*
Zvnv c‡i †Mvbv‡ni Qe‡e Zvnvi|
mevKvi wb‡P ˆn‡jv RvqMv Zvnvi| †`vR‡L‡Z n‡e R‡e hvqMv Zvnvi| GB nvj †`‡L K‡e
Rvb RvbIqvi| ............................................
wKš‘ Rviv m‡e Cgvb Avwb‡jv| Avi Kvg Zvnviv fv‡j †R Kwi‡jv* Zvnv‡ì jvwMqv ÐRy‡i
Avjøvi| gRywi Zvnv‡K Avjøv w`‡e †e‡mvgvi|
wK Rbœ¨ Rvwb‡j SzU GbQvd nIqv‡i| Avjøv †Zv nv‡Kg e‡ov Kzj nv‡Kg c‡i|
*dv‡q`v
Zvgvg nv‡K‡gi nvwKg AvjøvZvjv †mB| GbQvb ZRweR wK Kwi‡eK bvB* mevKvi ZRweR
Riæi †R nB‡e| Av‡gv‡ji g‡Zv †jv‡K AvRve cvB‡e|Õ*34
34. cÖv¸³, c„. 43
ÔZiRgv Avg‡QcvivÕ MÖš’wUi evsjv evbv‡b ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ _vK‡jI G‡Z Avj

KziAv‡bi g~jfve cÖùzwUZ n‡q‡Q| wewkÕ M‡elK †gvdvLLvi Ð‡mBb Lvb D³
Abyev`wU‡K kvn Avãyj Kv‡`‡ii D`y© Abyev` †_‡K Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q e‡j AwfgZ e¨³
K‡i‡Qb|35 Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU hwÌ AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Zï hy‡M myLcvV¨ bq ZeyI
cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi Abyev` I fvl¨ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e Gi HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ekx|
bCg DÏxb
gvIjvbv bCg DÏxb 1832 L„. eZ©gvb Uv½vBj †Rjvi mì _vbvi myiæR MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|66 wZwb ˆkk‡e wcZvi wbKU M„n wkÿv jv‡fi ci 1845 L„. ga¨ evsjv-
we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡q QvÎ e„wË cixÿv cvm K‡i bigvj cixÿvq DËxY© nb|67 Zvici wZwb
1846 L„. XvKvq wM‡q `xN© 8 eQi GKRb wewkÕ Avwj‡gi wbKU Aviex, dvmx©, D`y©mn,
KziAvb, nv`xm, wdK&n, AvKvB` I gvbwZK cÖf„wZ welq wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|68 wZwb
wKQyw`b wmivRM‡Äi g¨v‡iR †iwR÷ªvi I Kvhx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|69 wZwb
wQ‡jb GKvav‡i mvwnwZ¨K, mvsevw`K, Iqv‡qR I Av‡e`| wZwb ZrKvjxb Bmjvgx
kixÔAvZ cwicš’x wjLK‡ì weiæ‡× Kjg hy‡× AeZxY© n‡qwQ‡jb| Zvui mgmvgwqK
cÖwm× mvwnwZ¨K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb (1847-1911) Miæ Kzievbx e‡Üi cÿvej¤^b
K‡i Ô‡Mv-RxebxÕ bvgK cÖeÜ MÖš’ cÖKvk Ki‡j wZwb Zvui weiæ‡×I ÔAvLev‡i BmjvwgqvÕ
cwÎKvq wjLbx aviY K‡ib|70
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb Zvui weiæ‡× gvgjv Ki‡j wZwb †ò eQi cvebv †R‡j
KviveiY K‡ib|71 wZwb KziAvb I nv`x‡mi LÐvKv‡i Abyev`mn ag© welqK wÎ‡kva© MÖš’
iPbv K‡ib| G ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` n‡jv Zvui me©‡kªÕ Ae`vb| evOvjx
gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb me© cÖ_g g~j Aviex mn cweÎ KziAv‡bi avivevwnK e½vbyev` I
e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY ‡j‡Lb|72 Zvui e¨L¨vZ KziAv‡bi wk‡ivbvg wQj Ôe½vbyevw`Z †KviAvb
kixdÕ| wb‡gœ Zvui e¨vL¨vZ KziAvb wb‡q mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv nj|
66. ‡gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 55 ; Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 457
67. ‡gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, 55
69. ‡gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 55
70. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 458
e½vbyevw`Z †KviAvb kixd

1887 L„. bCg DÏxb Gi e½vbyev‡ì 48 c„ôvi cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY
Uv½vB‡ji KiwUqvi gvngyw`qv †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|73 gy`ªK wQ‡jb gxi AvZvnvi
Avjx| 1888 L„. GKB †cÖm †_‡K Gi wØZxq LÐ I 1890 L„. Z…Zxq LÐ cÖKvwkZ
nq|74 D‡jøwLZ e½vbyev‡ì LÐ mg~‡n m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv evKvivi 54 bs AvqvZ
ch©šÍ AšÍf~©³ nq| D³ wZb L‡Ði Abyev‡` wKQyUv fvlvMZ `~e©jZv _vKvq GK ch©v‡q
wZwb G¸‡jvi cÖPvi eÜ K‡i †`b Ges cÖPvwiZ Kwc ¸‡jvI cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bb|75
AZci 1891 L„. cybivq D³ LÐ¸‡jvi 1g LÐ fvlvi cwigvR©b I ms‡kvab mn 400
c„ôvq D‡jøwLZ †cÖm ‡_‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| cybgyw`ªZ I ms‡kvwaZ G ms¯‹i‡Y m~iv evKvi
202 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ AšÍf~©³ Kiv nq|76 Zvui Abyev‡ì wØZxq LÐ GKB †cÖm †_‡K
1892 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| G L‡Ð m~iv evKvivi 203 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv wbmvi 76 bs
AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb cvq|77 G LÐ cÖKv‡ki ci Rwg`vi nvwdh gvngy`
Avjx Lvb cbœxi Aby‡iv‡a wZwb avivevwnK Abyev` ¯’wMZ K‡ib Ges D³ Rwg`vi I
R‰bK gvIjvbv †Mvjvg miIqvi mv‡n‡ei civg‡k© Avgcvivi Abyev` ïiæ K‡ib|78
wZwb evsjv 1300 mv‡ji 12 kªveY ïµevi Gkvi bvgv‡hi ci Avgcvivi e¨vL¨v wjLv
mgvß K‡ib|79 D³ mv‡jB G e¨vL¨v MÖš’wU `yÕL‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq|80 Avgcvivi G Abyev`
I e¨vL¨v cÖKvk Kivi ci wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi evKx As‡ki e¨vL¨v ïiæ K‡ib| AZci
1894 L„. D³ MÖ‡š’i Z…Zxq LÐ 224 c„ôvq cÖKvwkZ nq|81 G L‡Ð m~iv wbmvi 77 bs
AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv gvwq`vi c~Y© Ask ¯’vb cvq| AZci wZwb m~iv BDmy‡di e¨vL¨v wjL‡b
g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib Ges Zv 1895 L„. Uv½vB‡ji KiwUqvi gvngyw`qv †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
nq|
73. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 62 ; Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 460
75. cÖv¸³
77. cÖv¸³, c„. 462
79. cÖv¸³, c„. 57
G L‡Ði cÖ”Q` c„ôvwU wQj wbgœiƒc-

Ôe¨vL¨v I UxKv (Zvdmxi) mn
e½vbyev`Õ
‡KviAvb kixd
mßg LÐ
BDm~d m~ivi ZdQxi
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY
1895 Bs 1312 wnRix
KiwUqv gvngyw`qv h‡š¿
gxi AvZvnvi Avjx Øviv gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ
1301 e½vã|Õ
m~iv BDm~‡di Zvdmx‡ii ci wZwb ÔcvÄm~ivÕ Gi Zvdmxi wjL‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM
K‡ib| G As‡k m~iv Bqvmxb, Avi ingvb, ZvevivKvjøvRx, gyh&hvw¤§j I m~iv Av` `vni
¯’vb cvq|82 G cvÄm~ivi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq 1902 L„.|83 AZci wKQy Kvj Zvui
Kvh©µg ¯’wMZ _v‡K| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zvui c„ô‡cvlK KiwUqvi Rwg`vi nvwdR gvngy` Avjx
Lvub cbœx BwšÍKvj Ki‡j wZwb KjKvZvq P‡j hvb| †mLv‡b RjcvB¸woi Rwg`vi Lvub
evnv`yi †gŠjfx inxg eL&k Gi mnvbyf~wZ I c„ô‡cvlKZv jvf Ki‡j wZwb cybivq
Zvdmxi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib| D³ Rwg`v‡ii Avw_©K mnvqZvq wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi 7g,
8g I 9g cvivi Zvdmxi cÖKvk K‡ib|84 D³ Zvdmxis‡ki cÖKvk Kv‡j wZwb LÐvKv‡i
cÖKv‡ki wbqg cwinvi K‡i cviv wn‡m‡e Zvdmxi cÖKvk Kivi wm×všÍ ‡bb| Zvui
e¨vL¨vZ MÖ‡š’i 8g cviv KjKvZvi ewYK BDwbqb †cÖm †_‡K 1908 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|85
gy`ªK wQ‡jb ˆmq` gvngy` Avjx| Zvui G MÖ‡š’i 9g cvivI 1908 L„. 13 b‡f¤î dLi
DÏxb GÐ eªv`vm© KZ©„K KjKvZvi Bmjvwgqv †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|86 Avi `kg cvivi
AskwU evsjv 1935 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|87 Z‡e GKv`k cvivi gy`ªYKvh© †kl nIqvi
c~‡e©B gvIjvbv bCg DÏxb BwšÍKvj K‡ib|88
82. cÖv¸³
83. ‡gvt Avãyi iv¾vK, evsjv fvlvq gymwjg †jLK MÖšc
’ Äx, ivRkvnx: 1988, 2q LÐ, c„. 189
84. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v, 1968, c„. 57
86. cÖv¸³
gvIjvbvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci Zvui cyÎ Kv‡mg DÏxb I dLi DÏxb giÐ‡gi G

Amgvß KvR m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ GwM‡q Av‡mb| Zvuiv G Kg©wU LyeB `ªæZ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z
ïiæ K‡ib Ges gvÎ GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B 11k cviv †_‡K 23k cviv ch©šÍ Zvdmxi wjLb
I cÖKvk Ki‡Z mÿg nb|89 Zvu‡ì G †hŠ_ Zvdmx‡ii GKv`k cviv 1909 L„.i 8
†deªæqvix, Øv`k cviv 4 GwcÖj, Î‡qv`k cviv 12 GwcÖj, PZz`©k cviv 13 GwcÖj, cÂ`k
cviv †_‡K Aóv`k cviv ch©šÍ 12 Ryb, Dbwesk cviv 18 RyjvB I wesk cviv 28 RyjvB
cÖKvwkZ nq|90 21 Zg cviv †_‡K 23 Zg cviv ch©šÍ ZvdmxiI 1909 L„. cÖKvwkZ
nq|91 9g †_‡K 23k cviv ch©šÍ me LÐ¸‡jvB gyÝx gynv¤§` Rvb KZ…©K KjKvZvi
Bmjvwgqv †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|
gvIjvbv bCg DÏx‡bi Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZwU L‡Ð GKwU K‡i f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| wZwb
GUv‡K ÔAvfvlÕ bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb Aviex Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ Abyev`,
Avqv‡Zi kv‡b byh~j I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v mshy³ K‡i‡Qb| Zvui G MÖ‡š’i fvlv AZ¨šÍ
mnR-mij, mvejxj I cÖvÄj|92 gvIjvbv bCgyÏxb wQ‡jb Bmjvg a‡g© wb‡ew`Z cÖvY
gymjgvb| Bmjvg a‡g©i G †gŠjevYx‡K evsjv fvlx gvby‡li wbKU mnR†eva¨ KivB wQj
Zvui G Zvdmxi K‡g©i g~j D‡Ïk¨|
Ave`yj QvËvi m~dx
KjKvZvi evwjM‡Äi Awaevmx wQ‡jb m~dx Ave`yj QvËvi| Bnv Qvov Zuvi m¤ú‡K©
Avi †Kvb Z_¨ Rvbv hvq wb| wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv BLjvm I KvImv‡ii Kve¨vbyev`
I UxKv-wUàbx mn fvl¨ wj‡LwQ‡jb|93 Dfq m~iv `yÕL‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| Dfq L‡Ði AvL¨v
wQj h_vµ‡g Ô‡Kvivb kixd ZdwQi QvËvix Qziv GLjvQÕ A_©vr †Ìqvb †Mvjkv‡b †PivM
gvidZÕ I Ô‡KviAvb kixd ZdwQi QvËvix Qziv KIQiÕ| wb‡æ cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~ivØ‡qi
Zuvi Kve¨vbyev` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj :
(K) Ô‡KviAvb kixd ZdwQi QvËvix Qziv GLjvmÕ A_©vr †Ìqvb ¸jkv‡b †Piv‡M
gvidZÕ
89. cÖv¸³
90. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„.465-466
92. cÖv¸³, c„.64
93. W. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„.175
G Abyev`wUi AvL¨vcÎ wQj wbgiƒc-206
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن اﷲ وﺑﺤﻤﺪه وﻗﺪرﺗﮫ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮﺳﺘﺎري ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺴﯿﺮﺳﺘﺎري ﺳﻮرة اﺧﻼص‬

‫دﯾﻮان ﻟﺸﻦ ﺣﺮاغ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ‬
†KviAvb kixd
ZdwQi QvËvwi Qziv GLjvQ
A_©vr
wÌqvb †Mvjkv‡b †Piv‡M gv‡idZ
iPK I cÖKvkK
†gŠjvbv kvn †gvi‡k` m~wd Ave`yj QvËvi Qv‡ne
wcZvi bvg †gŠjvbv kvn nvwh Kwj‡gvw`¨b Qv‡ne
wgjhy³ Ag~jø dz‡ji nvi
dzU‡jv Kwjdzj evMv‡bi dzU‡jv dzj Avgvi
†j‡nv †m †MvjwPb hZ dzUv‡e bv‡Kv Avi
Avgvi GKUv ¸Y Av‡Q, Gwm dzj dzUvB Mv‡Q ï‡RRi
D¾¡j cÖvq mkxi AvKvi* GB dzj †eZzjv‡i, AÜKv‡i
`vev cv‡e AÜ †PvK †c‡q hv‡e, NyP‡e AvÜvi* †fvgi
G‡m‡e †mvov‡j, gay LvIqv n‡e dz‡j, †PivM iwei Kz‡j
†mvnv‡Mbx nvi* bv‡Zvj Pwjøk dzj †Zvjn G¨ †mUv dzj bxmx‡Z dzUvB dzj
Ave`yj QvËvi KjKvZv
33 bs †e‡b cyKzi †ivW, AvjZvdx †cÖm
gyÝx Kwig eL‡ki Øviv gyw`ªZ
mb 1323
1917 L„. 2 GwcÖj KjKvZv †_‡K MÖš’vKvi KZ©„K Aviex wenxb Kve¨vbyev`wUi
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| gy`ªK wQ‡jb gyÝx Kwig eLk, AvjZvdx †cÖm, 33 bs
†e‡bcyKzi †ivW, KjKvZv| 16 c„ôvi G ms¯‹iYwUi g~j¨ wQj GK Avbv|207
206. D×„Z, W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³,

207. cÖv¸³, c„. 176
Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KyiAvb n‡Z m~iv BLjv‡mi wKq`s‡ki bgybv cÖ`k©b Kiv
nj :
‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻤﺪه وﻧﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ رﺳﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬
ïiæ Kwi ZdwQi Avwg bv‡g‡Z Avjøvi||
`vZv I `qvjy bvg cÖKvk hvnvi*

Zvwid cÖksmv Kwi Avgiv Zvnvi||
.........................................
..........................................
...........................................
‡Qvenvb Avjøv| cvK Avjøv
Kwig gvbœv‡bv* Zvi wK kvb,
wK cÖgvY Kwie eqv‡bv \ †nb
Rbv, †m wÌqvbv, †j‡L wK
cÖgv‡Yv,* GKv Avjøv, †KvjÐ
Avjøv, Zvnvi cÖgv‡Yv \ 208
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` iƒÐj Avwgb
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` iƒÐj Avwgb cwðg e‡½i 24 ciMbv †Rjvi ekxinvU gnKzgvi
bvivqYcyi MÖv‡g 1875 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|209 Zuvi wcZvi bvg gyÝx Mvhx `wei DÏxb|
wZwb ¯’vbxq we`¨vj‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿvR©‡bi ci KjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q
m‡e©v”P wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib Ges ‡mLv‡b wK¡ivAvZ wkÿv I q¨vs‡jv cvwm©qvb wWcvU©‡g›U
ch©šÍ †jLv cov K‡ib|210 wZwb AZ¨šÍ cÖwZfvai e¨w³ wQ‡jb| Zuvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci
1945 L„. gvwmK Ô‡gvm‡jgÕ cwÎKvq Zuvi cÖwZfvi g~j¨vqb K‡i gšÍe¨ Kiv n‡qwQj:
ÒKjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq I KjKvZv Avjxqv gv`ªvmv nB‡Z cÖwZeQi mnmª mnmª QvÎ D”P wWMÖx
jBqv ev †kl cixÿvq m‡MŠi‡e DËxY© nBqv evwni nB‡Z‡Qb| wKš‘ kZvãxi g‡a¨ evsjvi
†gvmjgv‡bi Rb¨ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq nB‡Z GKwUi †ekx iƒÐj Avwgb m„wó nq bvB|
fwel¨‡Z KZw`‡b nB‡e ZvnvI Rvwbbv|Õ211
208. Ave`yj QvËvi, ZdwQi QvËvix, Qziv GLjvQ (KjKvZv: 1323 e½vã), 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 2
209. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 176 ; Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 683| W. gynv¤§` gywReyi
ingvb I †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb Df‡q Zuv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ MÖ‡š’ gvIjvbv iƒûj Avwg‡bi Rb¥ ZvwiL D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb h_vµ‡g 1882 I 1892 (evsjv fvlvq KziAvb PP©v, c„. 233; cyweÎ KziAvb cÖPv‡ii BwZnvm
I e½vbyev‡ì kZel©, c„. 83)
211. D×„Z, †gvdvL&Lvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 84
KziAvb, nv`xm, Zvdmxi I wdK&nmn ag©xq wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci Zuvi cvwÐZ¨ wQj
AmvaviY| wZwb GKRb mye³vI wQ‡jb| AmsL¨ ag©xq mfvq KziAvb nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v
K‡i e³„Zv K‡i‡Qb| ZrKvjxb cÖPvi gva¨‡gi mv‡_I Zuvi Nwbó m¤úK© wQj| gvwmK
ÔgmwR`Õ gvwmK Ôkixq‡Zi GmjvgÕ gvwmK ÔQybœ‡Zvj RvgvAvZÕ mvßvwnK ÔnvbvdxÕ I
Ô‡gvm‡jgÕ cÖf„wZ cÎ-cwÎKvi wZwb cÖwZôvZv cwiPvjK wQ‡jb|212 Z`vbxšÍb wkÿvgš¿x
G.†K dRjyj n‡Ki SvDZjv †ivW¯’ evox‡Z 1945 L„. 2 b‡f¤î wZwb BwšÍKvj
K‡ib|213
wZwb KziAvb, nv`xm, Zvdmxi, wdK&n I ZvmvDdmn wewfbœ ag©xq wel‡qi Dci
kZvwaK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Ask we‡k‡li e½vbyev` I mswÿß fvl¨ MÖš’wU Ab¨Zg| dzidzivi gvIjvbv
Avey eKi wmÏxK (i.) Gi wb‡`©‡kB wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi G e½vbyev` I fvl¨ MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib|214 wZwb me© cÖ_g Avgcvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi iPbv ïiæ K‡ib| Ô‡KviAvb
kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Avgcvivi G fvl¨ MÖš’wU cÖ_g fvM I wØZxq fvM wn‡m‡e `yÕL‡Ð
cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖ_g fv‡Mi cÖ_g LÐ 1917 L„.i 4 A‡±vei †kL Ave`yj Iqv‡n` KZ…©K
†iqvRyj Bmjvg †cÖm. 159 K‡oqv †ivW, KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|215 G MÖ‡š’
Avgcvivi K‡qKwU m~ivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q| Avi Avgcvivi Aewkó m~iv
mgy‡ni e½vbyev` I Zvdmx‡ii wØZxq As‡ki cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1918 L„. †iqvRyj Bmjvg
†cÖm, KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|216 Avgcvivi ciciB wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g
†_‡K e½vbyev` ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ Ô‡KviAvb kixd; Av‡jd jvg-wgg cvivi
we¯ÍvwiZ ZvdwmiÕ MÖš’wUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1925 L„. †kL nvweeyi ingvb KZ…©K gyw`ªZ n‡q
e½byi †cÖm, 5 Kwjb †jb, KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|217 Ô‡KviAvb kwid; mvqvKzjyi
(2q cviv) we¯ÍvwiZ ZdwmiÕ MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1927 L…. Bmjvwgqv AvU© †cÖm, 138
212. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 177

213. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 683
215. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 685
216. cÖv¸³,
217. gynv¤§` iƒûj Avwgb Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, KjKvZv : Zv.we. 1g ms¯‹iY, (Av‡jd jvg wgg cviv),
c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôv `ªóe¨|
K‡oqv †ivW, KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| 218 Ô‡KviAvb kixd; †ZjKvi †iv‡Qvj
cvivi (3q cviv) we¯ÍvwiZ ZdwmiÕ MÖš’wUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1930 L„. nvbvdx †cÖm, 47
wicb ÷ªxU, KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| 219 Zuvi G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ cviv I m~ivi bvg
AeZxY© ¯’vb, iæKz I Avqv‡Zi msL¨v Zvici AeZx‡Y©i †cÖÿvcU, Avqv‡Zi µwgK
b¤îmn g~j Aviex, evsjv µwgK b¤îmn Abyev`, AZci UxKv-wUàbxmn we¯ÍvwiZ
Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zuvi G Zvdmx‡ii fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj| Z‡e e¨w³MZ I
ivR‰bwZK e¨¯ÍZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi 30Zg cviv I cÖ_g wZb cvivi
Zvdmxi cÖYq‡bi ci Avi G Kv‡R AMÖmi nbwb|220 Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii G AskUzKz evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ GK Abb¨ ms‡hvRb wn‡m‡e cwiMwbZ n‡q‡Q|
‰mq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK (i.)

evsjv fvlvq KziAvb PP©v K‡i †hme gbxlx ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb gvIjvbv ˆmq`
†gvnv¤§` GQnvK (i.) Zvu‡ì Ab¨Zg| wZwb 1322 e. evsjv‡`‡ki ewikvj †Rjvi
AšÍM©Z cïixKvwU MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rš§MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1380 e.
30 fv`ª iweevi wbR evox‡Z BwšÍKvj K‡ib| 1 KziAvb-mybœvni ch©vß ÁvbR©b †k‡l
wZwb DRvbxi cxi mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q evqÔAvZ MÖnY KiZ: Ava¨vwZ¥K wkÿv wb‡q Øx‡bi
Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|2 `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi cvkvcvwk mvwnZ¨ PP©vqI wZwb
Ae`vb iv‡Lb| cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ask we‡kl Zvdmximn Zvui Bmjvgx wkÿv welqK
me©‡gvU 27wU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq| Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv, Zvdmx‡i ZvevivKvjøvRx, m~iv
Bqvmx‡bi Zvdmxi I myiv Avi-ingvb kix‡di Zvdmxi Zvui D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv|
D‡jøwLZ Zvdmxi PZzóq m¤ú‡K© wb‡æ Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv nj|

219. cÖv¸³,
221. †gvnv¤§` BDmyd Lvub, Pi‡gvbvBi giûg cxi ˆmq` †gvt GQnvK mv‡ne †Kejvi mswÿß
Rxebx (ewikvj : 1983), 3q gy`ªY, c„. 11, 57
222. cÖv¸³, c„. 11-14|
GK. ÔZvdmx‡i Avgcviv ev 30 Zg cvivi ZvdmxiÕ
Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv ev 30g cvivq Zvdmxi bv‡g gvIjvbv ‰mq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK
(i.) KZ…©K e¨vL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹i‡Yi GKwU gy`ªY 1390 e.
cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK ˆmq` iwk` Avng` †di`vDm, ˆmq` bvwQi Avng` KvDQvi
I ˆmq` †Lvi‡k` Avjg †iÌqvb| gy`ª‡Y Avj GQnvK cÖKvkbx, 135 üwl‡Kk `vm
†ivW, m~Îvcyi, XvKv| Gi g~j¨ 13 UvKv, c„ôv msL¨v 149|3
gvIjvbv ‰mq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK mv‡n‡ei e¨vL¨vZ I ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹i‡Yi
Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv-i AvL¨v cÎwU wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv -
Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv
ev
30g Zg civi Zvdmxi
mij ü`qMÖvnx Zvdmxi QvovI

Bnv‡Z i‡q‡Q m~iv mg~‡ni
dvIqv‡q` I bvgv‡Ri
†`vqv mg~n
gvIjvbv ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQvnvK
giûg cxi mv‡ne, Pi‡gvbvB, ewikvj|
gvIjvbv ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK-Gi iwPZ Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmxi cÖYq‡b †hme
Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv Zvdmx‡i ûmvBbx, evqvbyj KziAvb I
Zvdmx‡i gywhûj KziAvb|4 Av‡jvP¨ e¨vL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ †Kvb f~wgKvi D‡jøL †bB|
`yB, ÔZvdmx‡i ZvivKvjøvRx ev EbwÎk cvivi ZvdmxiÕ
gvIjvbv ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK KZ…©K e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi Dc‡iv³ AvL¨vq EbwÎk
cvivi Zvdmx‡ii ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq 1399 e.| Gi cÖKvkK I gy`ªY ms¯’v
GKB| g~j¨-mv`v KvMR 36 UvKv, wbDR 25 UvKv|5 132 c„ôvi G Zvdmx‡i g~j Aviex
mn evsjvi e¨vL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
3. ‰mq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK, Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv ev 30 Zg cvivi Zvdmxi (XvKv : 1993 e½vã)
ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY, c„ôv AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
G‡Z KziAv‡bi 30Zg cvivi cÖwZwU m~ivi GKwU K‡i m~Px †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges kv‡b byh~j D‡jøL c~e©K
Aviexmn AvqvZ mg~‡ni evsjv e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ Zvdmx‡ii ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹i‡Yi
GKwU cyb: gy`ªY 2/3 c¨vwi`vm †ivW, XvKv n‡Z 1395 e. cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q
4. ˆmq` gynv¤§` GQnvK, Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv, cÖv¸³, c„. 3 (cÖKvk‡Ki K_v `ªóe¨)
5. ‰mq` gynv¤§` GQnvK, Zvdmx‡i ZvevivKvjøvRx (XvKv, 1399) ms‡kvwaZ c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvq cieZ©x
c„ôv `ªóªe¨
wZb, Ôm~iv Bqvmxb kix‡di Zvdmxi I gI‡Zi kvw¯ÍÕ
Dc‡iv³ wk‡ivbv‡g gvIjvbv ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK KZ…©K m~iv Bqvmx‡bi
ZvdmxiwUi ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹i‡Yi GKwU gy`ªY 1396 e. GKB cÖKvkK I gy`ªY ms¯’v
KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi g~j¨ 22 UvKv Ges c„ôv msL¨v 123|6 m~iv Bqvmx‡bi g~j
Aviexmn evsjv e¨vL¨vi cvkvcvwk G‡Z ¯^xq ZixKv mswkøÕ wewfbœ welqK Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q|
ÔPvi, m~iv Avi ingvb kix‡di ZvdmxiÕ

gvIjvbv ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnv‡Ki m~iv Avi ingvb kix‡di Zvdmxi Gi

ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY GKB cÖKvkK I gy`ªY ms¯’v KZ…©K XvKv n‡Z 1393 e. cÖKvwkZ nq|
63 c„ôvi G ZvdmxiwUi g~j¨ nj mv`v KvMR-18 UvKv I wbDR-12 UvKv|7 G‡Z GKwU
m~Px, GKwU †gvKvÏvgv, Zvmwgqvi Zvdmxi I Av‡kKx‡bi GKwU gybvRvZ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
AÎ Zvdmx‡ii 3q ms¯‹iY ZvdmxiKvi KZ…©K 1367 e. ewikvj n‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|8
W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v

evsjv cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki L¨vwZgvb weÁvbx‡ì g‡a¨ W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G
Ly`v Ab¨Zg| ag©, wkí I mvwn‡Z¨ h‡_ó f~wgKv _vKvi ciI GKRb weÁvbx wn‡m‡e
wZwb me©gn‡j cwiwPZ| 1900 L„. 1 wW‡m¤î cwðg e‡½i exif~g †Rjv¯’ gviMÖv MÖv‡g
wZwb Rš§MÖnY K‡ib|9 eY©vX¨ Kg©Rxe‡bi †klcÖv‡šÍ G‡m 1978 L„. XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
imvqb wefv‡Mi wfwRwUs cÖ‡dmi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kvjxb mg‡q wZwb g„ZzëiY
K‡ib|10 weÁv‡bi cvkvcvwk W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v evsjv mvwn‡ZÏ h‡_ó kªg mvabv
K‡i‡Qb| cweÎ †KviAv‡bi ÔcyZK_vÕ bvgK KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` MÖš’wU‡K evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ Zvui we‡kl Kg© wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
6. ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK, m~iv Bqvmxb kix‡di Zvdmxi I gI‡Zi kvwšÍ, 1393 e. ms‡kvwaZ
ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôv `ªóe¨
7. cÖv¸³, m~iv Avi ingvb kix‡di Zvdmx‡i (XvK: 1396 e.) ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY, c„. AL¨vcÎ
c„ôv cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨|
8. †gvdvL&Lvi û‡mBb Lvb, cweÎ KziAvb cÖPv‡ii BwZnv‡m I e½ve‡ì kZel©, cÖv¸³, c„. 213
9. kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb (I) †mwjbv †nv‡mb m¤úvw`Z, PwiZvwfavb (XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx 1985),
1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 199; Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 363
10. kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb (I) †mwjbv †nv‡mb m¤úvw`Z, PwiZvwfavb, cÖv¸³, c„. 199
W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v wZb cviv K‡i `k L‡Ð c~Y©v½ KziAv‡bi Abyev` I fvl¨
cÖKv‡ki cwiKíbv K‡ib| Aek¨ Zuvi G KvR cvuP cvivi ci Avi AMÖmi nqwb| G
Abyev` I fvl¨ cweÎ †KviAv‡bi cyZK_v cÖ_g I wØZxq fvM wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|
1945 L„. Zuvi cÖ_g fv‡Mi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb gynv¤§` gvne~e-
G Ly`v| f~wgKv I m~PxcÎ e¨ZxZ Gi c„ôv msL¨v 84|11 cÖ_g fv‡M i‡q‡Q m~iv
dvwZnvmn cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g I wØZxq cvivi Abyev` I fvl¨| 1947 L„. Abyev`wUi
wØZxq fvM cÖKvwkZ nq| gynv¤§` gvne~e-G Ly`v PÆMÖvg¯’ Zvui BDbvB‡UW cvewjkvm© Gi
bv‡g GwU cÖKvk K‡ib|12 G wØZxq fv‡M i‡q‡Q cweÎ KziAv‡bi Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg
cvivi Abyev` I fvl¨| cweÎ †KviAv‡bi cyZK_v MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z ÔcÖv_wgK K_vÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g 25 c„ôv †jLv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq hv‡Z Avjøvni cwiPq, m„wó inm¨ I †cÖwiZ
cyiæl m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb cvq|
W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î c~‡e©Kvi gydvmwmiM‡Yi
AbymiY bv K‡i ¯^xq we‡e‡Ki Avkªq wb‡q êÁvwbK `„wófw½i AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Gi
MÖš’bvq wZwb g~j Aviex ms‡hvM K‡ibwb| Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î cviv, m~iv I Avqv‡Zi µwgK
b¤î D‡jøL Kivi Kvi‡Y mn‡RB Abyev`‡K g~‡ji mv‡_ wgwj‡q cov hvq| G cÖm‡½ Zvui
Dw³ nj| ÔcÖ‡qvRb nB‡j c~Y© Aviex wjwc c„_Kfv‡e cÖPvwiZ nB‡e|Õ13 D³ Abyev`
K‡g© Zuv‡K mn‡hvMxZv K‡iwQ‡jb KjKvZvi †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK nvwKg Ave`yj
nvB|14 G Abyev`‡K wefvRb Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb ÔcvivÕ †K LÐ Ôm~ivÕ‡K Aa¨vq I
ÔiæKz‡KÕ cwi‡”Q` bvgKiY K‡ib| cvVK gn‡ji mnRfv‡e †evaMg¨Zvi Rb¨ wZwb
KL‡bv KL‡bv ¯^xq we‡eKvwkªZ UxKv-wUàbxI Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ Zvi e³e¨ :
ÒUxKvq †h gZ e¨³ nBqv‡Q Zvnvi `vwqZ¡ Avgvi wb‡Ri| c~e©eZ©x myweÁ ZdmxiKviw`‡Mi cÖfve
nB‡Z `~f©vMëkZ ewÂZ iwnqv wMqvwQ|Ó 15
11. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³ c„. 365

12. †gvdvLLvi Ð‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„: 106
13. W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v, cweÎ KziAv‡bi cyZK_v, (KjKvZv : 1945), cÖ_gfvM f~wgKv `ªóe¨
14. cÖv¸³
15. cÖv¸³
W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`vi Abyev` K‡g©i bgybv wn‡m‡e wb‡æ myiv dvwZnvi Abyev` Zz‡j
aiv nj:
Ôcig KiæYvgq KiæYv wbavb Avjøvni bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kwi‡ZwQ|
1. hveZxq cÖksmv wek¦ eªþv‡Ði cvjb KZ©vi D‡Ï‡k¨|
2. whwb cig KiæYvgq I KiæYvwbavb|
3. wZwbB wePvi w`‡bi cÖfz|
4. wbðq Avgiv ZvnviB cyRv Kwi I ZvnviB mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kwi|
5. (†n Avjøvn) Avgw`M‡K m‡Zï †mB mij c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki|
6. hvnvw`‡Mi w`‡bi c‡_ Zzwg AbyMÖn el©Y KwiqvQ|
7. wKš‘ †m c‡_ b‡n †h c‡_ †Zvgvi Awfkvc cÖvß nBqv‡Q|Õ16
D‡jøwLZ Abyev‡` m~iv dvwZnvi 4 bs Avqv‡Z ÎæwU cwijwÿZ nq| Gi mwVK Abyev`
n‡jv: Ôwbðq Avgiv †ZvgviB cyuRv Kwi Ges ‡ZvgvwiB mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kwi|Õ
Zuvi G Abyev`Kg© Pigfv‡e mgv‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| KviY G‡ÿ‡Î KL‡bv KL‡bv

me©Rb ¯^xK…Z I cÖPwjZ A_©‡K ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q|
†hgb: myiv evK¡vivi 60bs Avqv‡Z D‡jøwLZ ‫ واﺿﺮب ﺑﻌﺼﺎك اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬Gi Abyev`
K‡i‡Qb: Ô†Zvgvi hwô Øviv ce©Z c_ A‡š¦lb Ki|Õ17 A_P me©Rb mgw_©Z I mwVK A_©
n‡jv: ÔZzwg Avcb hwô Øviv cv_‡i AvNvZ Ki|Õ gvIjvbv byi †gvnv¤§` AvRgx e‡jb:
Ô(Zuvi) Abyev‡Ì A‡bK RvqMvq gy‡ji mwnZ Miwgj cwijwÿZ nq|Õ18 †hgb m~iv
evKvivi 34 bs Avqv‡Zi UxKvq wZwb Bewj‡mi c„_K ¯^Z¡v I †`navix nIqv‡K A¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb|19 hv me©Rb mgw_©Z K_vi wecixZ| W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v nhiZ
wReivCj (Av)-Gi gvbe AvK…wZ‡Z AvMgb‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb|20 hwÌ KL‡bv KL‡bv
gnvbex (m.)-Gi wbKU Zuvi gvbe AvK…wZ‡Z AvMgb KivUv nv`xm Øviv mve¨¯Í| 21
m‡e©vcwi K_v n‡jv W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v KZ…©K KziAv‡bi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v
mnR Ges cÖvÄj n‡jI AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 25

17. cÖv¸³, c„. 38
18. G.Gm.Gg AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix msKwjZ, gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx, Bmjvwg dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1985 L„. c„. 263
19. W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v, cweÎ Avj KziAv‡bi cyZK_v, cÖv¸³, c„. 33
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 46
21. nvwdR Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, dvZûj evix, Avbmvix †cÖm, w`jøx: 1403 L„. cÖ_g LÐ, c„. 10-11
gvIjvbv Gqvi Avng` Gj, wU
evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb †dbx †Rjvi QvMjbvBqv Dc‡Rjvi AšÍ©MZ `wÿb
kªxivgcy‡ii Awaevmx wQ‡jb gvIjvbv Gqvi Avng` Gj, wU| Zuvi wcZvi bvg gynv¤§`
BqvwZg f~Tuv| gvIjvbv Gqvi Avng` †bvqvLvjx wRjv ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv I KjKvZv
wmwU K‡jR †_‡K Gd.G cvm K‡i D³ K‡j‡R we.Gm K¬v‡m fwZ© n‡qwQ‡jb| Avw_©K
ˆ`b¨Zvi Kvi‡Y wZwb cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿvq GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv
N‡U XvKvi Avigvbx‡Uvjv nvB¯‹z‡j wkÿKZvi ga¨ w`‡q| wkÿKZvi mg‡qB wZwb Gj, wU
cvm K‡ib Ges wkÿv cwi`k©b wefv‡M e`jx nb| 1942 L„. wZwb gymwjg wkÿvi
mnKvix cwi`k©K _vKv Kv‡j PvKzix †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1944 L„. BwšÍKvj
K‡ib|20 Bmjvgx mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ Zuvi cÖPÐ AbyivM wQj| ZvB G wel‡q wZwb cÖPzi
Aa¨qb Ki‡Zb| Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ ÔAv¤úviv-i ev½vjv ZvdQxiÕ wU Zuvi †mB
Aa¨q‡biB dmj| Zuvi G Abyev` MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi †Kvb mb ZvwiL Rvbv hvq wb|
Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb gKmy` Avng`, XvKv| MÖš’wUi g~j¨ wQj evi Avbv|21 Aa¨vcK Avjx
Avng‡ì Z_¨ g‡Z gvwmK ÔmvabvÕ cwÎKvi 2q el© msL¨vi (ˆR¨ô) 79-80 c„ôvq D³
MÖ‡š’i GKwU mgv‡jvPbv cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z wjLv wQj Òm~iv ¸wj bv‡Rj nBevi weeiYÕ
Aviex Aÿ‡i m~iv ¸wj wjwLZ, ev½vjvq kãv_© cÖ`Ë nBqv‡Q|Ó22
1923 L„. 24 wW‡m¤î" G MÖš’wUi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb
KvRx Avãyi iwk` we.G, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªix, XvKv| c„ôv msL¨v wQj 96|23 MÖš’wUi 3q,
4_©, 5g 6ô, 7g I 8g ms¯‹iY h_vµ‡g 1927, 1929, 1934, 1937, 1940, 1944
L„. GKB cÖKvkK KZ…©K XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|24 1944 L„. †_‡K 1955 L„. ch©šÍ
MÖš’wUi 9g, 10g I 11Zg ms¯‹iY Ges 1956 L„. 12Zg ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|25
ZrKvjxb Awef³ evsjvi wbD¯Œxg wmwbqi gv`vivmv mg~‡ni 7g †kªYxi cvV¨ ZvwjKvfz³
_vKvq MÖš’wUi Pvwn`vI wQj e¨vcK| Abyev`K MÖ‡š’i m~Pbvq f~wgKv ¯îƒc GKwU cÖ¯Ívebv
wj‡LwQ‡jb| Gi g~jK_v nj- gymjgvb‡ì‡K KziAvb kix‡di A_©, fve I gvnvZ¥
ü`qsMg Kiv‡bv D‡Ï‡k¨B wZwb G MÖš’ iPbvi Kv‡R nvZ w`‡qwQ‡jb|26
20. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb cÖv¸³, c„. 261

21. Avjx Avng` cÖv¸³, c„. 326
22. cÖv¸³
23. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 326-37 W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb cÖv¸³, c„: 262
24. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 262-63
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 263
26. Gqvi Avng` Gj,wU, Av¤úvivi ev½vjv ZvdQxi, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªix, XvKv: 1944 (8g ms¯‹iY, c„.
ÔcÖ¯ÍvebvÕ `ªóe¨)
D³ ÔAv¤úvivi ev½vjv ZvdQxiÕG Aviex Aÿ‡i m~iv¸‡jvi bvg Ges evsjv cÖwZkã,
kv‡b byh~j, cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j Aviex, KwVb k‡ãi A_©, Abyev` I me©‡kl mijv_©
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| wZwb ‡eª‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ wKQy AwZwi³ kã eënvi K‡i Abyev‡ì fvlv‡K
¯úó K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| G‡Z Abyev‡ì MwZgqZvq wKQzUv evav m„wó n‡jI Zv AZ¨šÍ
mvejxj I mnR‡eva¨ n‡q‡Q|
gvIjvbv Avey eKi
KjKvZv †_‡K 1925 L„. R‰bK iƒûj Avwgb KZ…©K Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ bv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi cÖ_g cvivi GKwU we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ Zvdmxi LÐwUi †jLK
wQ‡jb gvIjvbv Avey eKi|1 Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| G
Zvdmxi MÖš’wU GLb `y®cÖvc¨|2
‡gvjøv w``vi eL&k
‡gvjøv w``vi eL&k Lyjbv †Rjvi w`qvcvovq Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi RxebKvj
m¤ú‡K© we‡kl †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| wZwb Ôevsjv ZdwQi †gvivw`qÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Ask we‡k‡li e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi K‡i‡Qb| GwU 1930 L„. 18 Rvbyqvix
cÖKvwkZ nq|3 eZ©gv‡b Zuvi G MÖš’Lvbx AZ¨šÍ `~j©f|
gvIjvbv Avng` Avjx
h‡kvi †Rjvi †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi AšÍM©Z Gbv‡qZcyi MÖv‡g Lvb evnv`yi gvIjvbv
Avng` Avjx 1898 L„. 21 Rvbyqvix Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|4 wZwb h‡kvi ¯‹z‡j 8g †kªYx ch©šÍ
†jLv-cov K‡i KjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| 1327 e. 21 Avlvp dzidzivi
gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmÏxKÕi (i.) nv‡Z evqÔAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|5 wZwb 1934 L„. e„wUk
miKvi KZ…©K ÔLvb mv‡neÕ Ges wKQyw`b ci ÔLuvb evnv`yiÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ nb|6 wZwb
1959 L„. 18 Rvbyqvix ‡iveevi wèvMZ iv‡Z Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|7
wZwb Ôm~iv BqvwQbÕ Gi mswÿß Zvdmxi mn †gvU cuvPwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| ÔQyiv
BqvwmbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Zuvi G MÖš’Lvbxi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1928 L„. Bmjvwgqv wcÖw›Us nvDm,
47 wicb ÷ªxU KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|8
6. cÖv¸³
7. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx, gnv Kzivb Kve¨ (KjKvZv: 1334 e½vã), 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ
c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
8. cÖv¸³
g~j Aviexhy³ G e½vbyev`wU‡Z mswÿß e¨vL¨v I UxKv-wUàbx cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| wZwb G
Zvdmxi wjL‡b Kvkkvd, Zvevix, Lvwhb, gv`vwiK I Zvdmx‡i ûmvBbxmn Ab¨vb¨
Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i mn‡hvMxZv MÖnY K‡ib|9 evsjv fvlvq hviv c„_K fv‡e m~iv Bqvmx‡bi
ZiRgv I e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb gvIjvbv Avng` AvjxB n‡jb Zuv‡ì cw_K…r|10 Zuvi
G Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj| hv cvVK‡K AwZ mn‡RB AvK…ó Ki‡Z
mÿg|
gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxh wn›`x

gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxh wn›`x 1868 L„. Kzwgjøv kn‡ii `wÿY P_©v bvgK MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1926 L„. ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|11 wZwb Bmjvg a‡g©i wewfbœ wel‡qi
Dci K‡qKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ Ô‡LvZevi wePviÕ, ÔBmjvg cÖPvwiKvÕ, Ô‡KviAvb
kixdÕ (e½vbyev`) I Ô†e`vqvZ aŸskÕ BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|12 wZwb Kg©Rxe‡b †WcywU
g¨vwR‡÷ªU wQ‡jb|13 Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvqbv| ÔKyiAvb
kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Zuvi Ab~w`Z MÖš’wU cweÎ KziAv‡bi avivevwnK Abyev` bq ; eis
†lvjwU wbe©vwPZ m~ivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi| GwU 1932 L„. 14 †deªæqvix ‰mq` Avãyj
RveŸvi I kªx M‡bk P›`ª †fŠwgK Ii‡d gynv¤§` kvgmyÏxb KZ…©K wn‰Zlx †cÖm, †bvqvLvjx
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|14 G MÖ‡š’ m~iv KzivBk, dxj, bvm, dvjvK, BLjvm, jvnve, bvmi,
Kvwdiæb, KvImvi, gvDb, dvwZnv, gyh&hvw¤§j, `vni, wKqvgvn I m~iv Avj Kvì Gi
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i cÖwZwU m~ivi c~‡e© i‡q‡Q †mB m~ivi
AeZiwYKv ev cÖm½ K_v Ges †k‡l i‡q‡Q Zvdmxi I UxKv-wUàbx|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` †Mvjvg AvKei
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` †Mvjvg AvKei gv¸iv †Rjvaxb kvwjLv _vbvi eybvMvwZi KwU
MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Avãyj Kwig wkK`vi|15 wZwb Kg©Rxe‡b h‡kvi
†Rjv Lyjbv evivKcyi miKvix ¯‹z‡ji †nW ‡gŠjfx wQ‡jb| wZwb 1954 L„. h‡kvi †Rjvi
¯‹zj I g¨v‡iR †iwR÷ªvi wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l 1956 L„. 18 †m‡Þ¤î 64 eQi eq‡m wZwb
AvµvšÍ n‡q BwšÍKvj K‡ib|16
9. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx, cÖv¸³, c„. 14
11. ‡gvt Avãyi iv¾vK, evsjv fvlvq gymwjg †jLK MÖš’cÄx, cÖv¸³, 1gLÐ, c„. 120
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 355
15. W. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 226
wZwb g¨vwUª‡Ki Aviex I dvm©xi 'Success', wkï cvV¨ iƒ‡c ÔAviex I KziAvb wkÿvÕ
Ges ÔAvgcviv-i ZdwmiÕ bv‡g wZbwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Z‡e Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ
ÔAvgcvivi ZdwmiÕ Kg©wUB Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb| Zuvi G MÖš’wU 1936 L„. 6
†m‡Þ¤î h‡kvi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|17 D³ MÖ‡š’i Wvb cv‡k¦© Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤îmn
g~j Aviex I evg cv‡k¦© Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤îmn e½vbyev`, AZci wb‡P kãv_©, kv‡b
byh~j I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zuvi G Zvdmxi LÐLvbxi fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj|
wZwb m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi e½vbyevÌ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zv GL‡bv cÖKvwkZ nqwb|18
gynv¤§` Avey eKi
gynv¤§` Avey eKi 1912 L„. 1 gvP© Kzwóqv †Rjvi mì _vbvaxb ksKiw`qv MÖv‡g
GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|19 Zvui wcZvi bvg L›`Kvi AvIjv` Avjx
Ges gvZvi bvg ˆmq`vZzb †bmv| wZwb gvÎ 12 eQi eq‡m wcZ…nviv nb| Z‡e
cvwievwiK G cÖwZK~jZv Zuv‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡iwb; eis wZwb `„p g‡bvej wb‡q
cÖvwZôvwbK ÁvbR©‡b AMÖmi nb Ges 1928 L„. gvÎ 16 eQi eq‡m KjKvZv Avwjqv
gvìvmv †_‡K dvwhj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb|20 AZtci wZwb Kzwóqv †Mv¯^vgx
`~M©vcyi nvB¯‹zj †_‡K 1931 L„. AvB,G Ges cieZ©x‡Z KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K øvZK
m¤§vb wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| wZwb Abvm© cixÿvq Aviex mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb
AwaKvi Kivq KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Zv‡K ÔRywejx †cvó MÖvRy‡qUÕ e„wË cÖ`vb I
ÔWvK&m ¯^Y© c`KÕ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ Kiv nq|21 AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡q øvZK‡Ëvi †kl e‡l©
Aa¨qbKv‡j wZwb UvBd‡qW †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvq Zuvi Gg,G wWMÖx AR©b Kiv m¤¢e
nqwb|22
wZwb KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R Aa¨qb Kv‡j QvÎ msm‡ì mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K
Ges ÔA‡iviÕ bvgK †nv‡ój g¨vMvwR‡bi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| Zuvi QvÎ Ae¯’vq gvwmK
Ô‡gvnv¤§`xÕmn mgmvgwqK cÎ cwÎKvq, Zuvi eÐ KweZv I cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|23
KweZv I mvwnZ¨ PP©vi cvkvcvwk wZwb cweÎ KziAvb PPv©qI h‡_ó Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|
wZwb Ôe½vbyev` AvgcvivÕ wk‡ivbv‡g KziAvb Kvix‡gi wÎkZg cvivi mswÿß e¨vL¨vmn
e½vbyev` K‡ib| hv nvwdh gynv¤§` dvwhj GÐ mÝ KZ…©K 139 bs †gQyqv evRvi ÷ªxU
KjKvZv †_‡K 1933 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|24 Zuvi G MÖš’wU‡Z Aviex‡Z m~ivi bvgmn Gi
evsjv cÖwZkã, AeZiY ¯’vb I Avqv‡Zi me© †gvU msL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|

18. ‡gvt Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 62
20. cÖv¸³
21. kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb (I) †mwjbv †nv‡mb m¤úvw`Z, PwiZvwfavb, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 197
22. cÖv¸³
AZci c„ôvi Wvb cv‡k©¦ g~j Aviex, evg cv‡k¦ cÖvÄj I mvejxj fvlvq e½vbyev`, Zuvi
wb‡P mswkøó m~ivi AeZiYKv‡j, bvgKiY, wkÿv I UxKv-wUàbx Ges mswÿß Zvdmxi
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| wZwb Avqv‡Zi UxKvq Bmjvgx weav‡bi Av‡jv‡K ZrKvwjb mgmvgwqK
mgm¨v¸‡jvi ZvwË¡K I weÁvb m¤§Z mgvavbg~jK Av‡jvPbvI Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
wZwb Zuvi G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ Zvdmx‡i Kvexi, evqhvex, RvjvjvBb, nv°vbx,
KvgvjvBb, mnxn eyLvix, gymwjg, wZiwghx I evqnvKxmn wewfbœ cÖvgvY¨ MÖ‡š’i mn‡hvMxZv
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| G Zvdmxi MÖš’Lvbx cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, gvIjvbv
AvKivg Luv, KjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvi ZrKvjxb Aa¨ÿ wn`vqvZ †nv‡mb I Aa¨ÿ
Beªvnxg Luvi gZ ¯^bvgab¨ cwÐZeM© Zuvi G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i f~qmx cÖksmv K‡ib|7
gvIjvbv Avwbmyi ingvb gywk©`vev`x
gvIjvbv Avwbmyi ingvb 1902 L„. fvi‡Zi cwðg e‡½i gywk©`vev` †Rjvi
RsMxcyi gnKzgvi AšÍM©Z myRv bMi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|8 Zuvi wcZvi bvg †kL Avãyj
Mdzi| gvIjvbv Avwbmyi ingvb gywk©`vev`x MÖvg¨ cvVkvjvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©b K‡ib|
AZci 1919 L„. †_‡K 1925 L„. ch©šÍ fvi‡Zi †Ìe›` gvìvmvq †jLvcov K‡i
Ô`vIivÕ mgvß K‡ib|9 QvÎ Rxeb †k‡l wZwb wkÿKZv‡K ‡ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib Ges
ch©vqµ‡g wenv‡ii Kw`cyi gvìvmv, wmivRMÄ Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv, gqwgbwms‡ni
cuvPevM Bmjvgx wgkb I MdiMuvI Rvwgqv wgwjøqv gvìvmvq wkÿKZv K‡ib|10
wkÿKZvi cvkvcvwk wZwb mvwnZ¨ PP©vI Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| Ôgynv¤§`x AvBbÕ I ÔRvZxq
DbœwZi DcvqÕ MÖš’Øq Zuvi †kªó mvwnZ¨Kg©| Dciš‘ ÔKziAv‡bi mswÿß mviÕ Ôm~iv Avj
Avm‡ii e½vbyev` I we¯ÍvwiZ ZvdmxiÕ, Ôm~iv evKvivi e½vbyev` I ZvdmxiÕ Ges ÔD¤§yj
KziAvbÕ cÖf„wZ MÖš’ Zuvi Rxe‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡g©i AšÍ©f~³|11 Zuvi weiwPZ Ôm~iv Avj
Avm‡ii e½vbyev` I we¯ÍvwiZ ZvdmxiÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi MÖš’wU 1934 L„. XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
nq|12 MÖš’wU eZ©gv‡b `y®cÖvc¨| AZci wZwb m~iv dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi e½vbyev` I
we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi cÖYqb K‡ib|

9. cÖv¸³
10. W. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 221
11. cÖv¸³,
Z‡e Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ m~iv evKvivi ZvdmxiwU cÖKvwkZ nqwb| GwU mgKvjxb gvwmK cwÎKv
Ôg`xbvqÕ avivevwnK fv‡e 1961 L„. †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q AvmwQj| wKš‘ wKQyw`b ci ZvI
eÜ n‡q hvq|13 Z‡e Zuvi ÔD¤gyj KziAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv dvwZnvi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi
m¤^wjZ MÖš’wU 1961 L„. †gv‡gbkvnxi ingvwbqv †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|14 G
ZvdmxiwU‡Z ïay KziAv‡bi Aviex Avqv‡Zi D×„wZ w`‡qB Zvdmxi Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi
D‡jøL wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| G‡Z AvqvZ, m~iv I cvivi µwgK msL¨viI D‡jøL wQjbv|
ZrKvjxb mgv‡R MÖš’wU †gvUvgywU mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq|15
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` ˆZgyi
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` ˆZgyi 1817 L„. w`bvRcyi †Rjvi AvIwjqvcyi BDwbq‡bi
nvgRvcyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg AvBbyjøvn|16 gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` ˆZgyi
1887 L„. cÖ‡ewkKv I 1890 L„. AvB.G cvk K‡ib|17 AZci 1892 L„. w`bvRcyi
†Rjv ¯‹z‡j wkÿKZv ïiæ K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z ¯‹zj cwi`k©‡Ki c`mn wewfbœ c‡` miKvix
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i 1926 L„. 17†g 82 eQi eq‡m KjKvZvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|18
Rxe‡bi bvbvwe` e¨¯ÍZvi g‡aÏ wZwb Bmjvg a‡g©i wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci 8wU MÖš’
iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ Ô‡KviAvb cÖ‡ewkKvÕ MÖš’wU Zuvi †kªôKxwZ©| G MÖš’wU `yÕL‡Ð
cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1939 L„. MÖš’Kvi KZ…©K KjKvZv †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq|19 Z‡e GwU cweÎ KziAv‡bi avivevwnK Abyev` bq; eis Avgcvivmn evKx
29 cvivi m~iv mg~‡ni mvigg©, kv‡b byh~j BZ¨vwì Av‡jvPbv| Avi Ô‡KviAvb cÖ‡ewkKvÕ
Gi 2q LÐ 1939 L„. 19 †m‡Þ¤î cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU Awebvm †cÖm, 119 ag©Zjv ÷ªxU,
KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|20 G‡Z Avgcvivi cÖwZwU m~ivi e½vbyev`, e¨vL¨v I
AwaKvsk Aviex k‡ãi evsjv D”PviYmn kãv_© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges m~ivi µwgK
b¤î, m~ivi bvg, Zvmwgqvi e½vbyev`, ÔAvfvmÕ wk‡ivbv‡g kv‡b byh~jmn, Wvb cv‡k¦© g~j
Aviex I evg cv‡k¦© Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤îmn e½vbyev` cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci UxKv-
wUàbxmn e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡ì wKQy evbvb weåvU I gy`ªYcÖgv` ev`
w`‡j Zuvi G MÖš’wUi fvlv‡K mnR-mij I mvejxj ejv P‡j|

14. cÖv¸³
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 229
17. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb cÖv¸³, c„. 425

18. cÖv¸³, c„. 426
20. cÖv¸³,
gxRvbyi ingvb
gxRvbyi ingvb we-evoxqv †Rjvaxb evÂvivgcyi Dc‡Rjvi gwiPvKvw›` MÖv‡g
1900 L„. 1 wW‡m¤î Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|1 Zuvi wcZvi bvg w`jvIqvi| Rbve gxRvbyi ingvb
1923 L„. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Gg.G cvk K‡ib| wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g
Gg.G wWMÖxavix‡ì Ab¨Zg|2 wZwb QvÎ Rxeb †_‡KB ‡jLv‡jwL ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi gv‡qi
wb‡`©‡k wZwb 1922 L„. Avgcvivi Kve¨vbyev` ïiæ K‡ib|3 PvKzix Rxe‡bi duv‡K duv‡K I
Aemi Kvjxb mg‡q wZwb 15wUiI AwaK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Ôb~‡ii SjKÕ I Ô‡e‡nkZx
mIMvZÕ Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Ôb~‡ii SjKÕ MÖ‡š’ wZwb Avgcvivi
Kvwe¨K fvevbyev` Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| GwUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq 1944 L„. gvP©
gv‡m| gy`ª‡Y wQj kªx †hv‡Mk P›`ª `vm, wbD µvDb †cÖm, 95 êVKLvbv †ivW, KjKvZv;
cÖKvkbvq wQj wKZve gnj, 52 †jvqvi mvK©yjvi †ivW, KjKvZv|4 Avi Ô‡e‡nkZx
mIMvZÕ bv‡g wZwb Avgcvivi †h Kve¨vbyev`wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zvi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1947
L„. 15 AvMó igbv, XvKvi gvneye Rvgvb KZ…©K, Kgvwk©qvj wcÖw›Us IqvK©m, 56/1 K¨vwjs
÷ªxU, KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|5 Zuvi G Kve¨vbyev‡` Aviex I evsjvq cÖwZwU m~ivi
bvg, AeZxY© ¯’vb, AvqvZ msL¨v, Zvmwgqv, Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤îmn g~j Aviex, AZci
evsjvq Kve¨vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| wZwb Abyev` †k‡l Kve¨vKv‡i m~ivi mswÿß e¨vL¨v I
Zvkixn wk‡ivbv‡g M`¨vKv‡i m~ivi kv‡b byh~j I wkÿv BZ¨vw` welq Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` b~iæj Bmjvg
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` b~iæj Bmjvg nweMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ byicyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib|6 Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| wZwb ÔAvj KvIjyj
gZxb wd Zvdmx‡i m~iv‡q BqvmxbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv Bqvmx‡bi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb| hvi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY Avãyj jZxd KZ…©K byicyi, gv`bv, nweMÄ †_‡K 1941 L„.
cÖKvwkZ nq| MÖš’wU eZ©gv‡b Luy‡R cvIqv `y®‹i|7

2. `v`y gxRvbyi ingvb, †e‡n¯Íx mIMvZ (†dbx: 1976), 2q ms¯‹iY, Abyev`‡Ki f~wgKv ÔwemwgjøvwnKvÕ
`ªóe¨
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 457

5. `v`y gxRvbyi ingvb, †e‡nkZx mIMvZ, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨
gynv¤§` kvgm~j û`v
gynv¤§` kvgm~j û`v biwms`x †Rjvi Kwigcyi MÖv‡gi Awaevmx| Zuvi wcZvi bvg
Avey bmi dKxi gynv¤§` bIqve Avjx|8 Rbve kvgm~j û`v biwms`xi mvwUi cvov †K,†K
BÝwUwUDU †_‡K g¨vwÆK cvm Kivi ci KjKvZv †_‡K h_vµ‡g AvB.G, we.G I we.Gj
cvk K‡ib| bvivqYM‡Ä AvBb eëmvi gva¨‡g wZwb Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib|9 AZci wZwb
miKvix g¨vwR‡óªU wn‡m‡e Kzwgjøv I ewikvjmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡b PvKzix K‡i 1956 L„. Aemi
MÖnY K‡ib|10 wZwb Ô‡bqvg~j KziAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb
ìƒ‡ì cÖKvi‡f`, cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ m~ivi dhxjZ I KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡g
wewfbœ Avg‡ji eY©bv Zz‡j a‡ib| D³ MÖ‡š’i †k‡l wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi cuvPwU m~ivi
Abyev` I Zvdmxi ms‡hvRb K‡ib|11 Zuvi G MÖš’wUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1940 L„. gynv¤§`
BDmyd gyRvd&di KZ…©K gynv¤§`x eyK nvDR, 33 cvUzqvUyjx, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|12
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Iqvdx
gvIjvbv gydZx gynv¤§` Iqvdx wQ‡jb Puv`cyi †Rjvi nvRxMÄ _vbvi Awaevmx|13
wZwb XvKv miKvix Avwjqv gvìvmv I fvi‡Zi mvnvivbcyi gvRvwn‡i Djyg gvìvmv †_‡K
cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv AR©b K‡ib| wZwb XvKvi nv¤§vw`qv gvìvmvi wkÿK wQ‡jb|14 XvKvi
gvIjvbv Ave`ym †mvenvb (1860-1940) KZ©„K DØy× n‡qB wZwb KziAvbx mvwnZ¨ PP©vq
GwM‡q Av‡mb|15 ÔZvdmxi cviv AvgÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 1945 L„. XvKvi Bmjvgxqv jvB‡eªix
Zuvi GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i|16 D³ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, AeZxY©
¯’vb, Avqv‡Zi msL¨v I Zvmwgqv cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| AZci g~j Aviex, bx‡P evsjv kãv_©,
Zvici e½vbyev` I kv‡b byh~j Ges me‡k‡l Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zuvi G
MÖš’wUi fvlv mnR, mij, gvwR©Z I mnR‡eva¨ nIqvq Zv ZrKv‡j AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡iwQj|17
8. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„.

9. cÖv¸³
10. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingb, cÖv¸³, 445
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 446
12. cÖv¸³
13. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 239

15. cÖv¸³
16. cÖ¸³, c„. 464
17. W. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 240
W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn
cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` I fvlv weÁvbx W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn 1885 L„. 10 RyjvB
cwðge‡½i 24 ciMbv †Rjvi ekxi nv‡Ui wcqviv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|18 wZwb 1904
L„. nvIov †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K G›Uªvm I 1906 L„. KjKvZvi †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡jR †_‡K Gd.G
cvm K‡ib| AZci 1908-1909 L„. ch©šÍ GK eQi h‡kvi ¯‹z‡j wkÿKZv K‡ib|19
wkÿKZv ¯’wMZ K‡i cybivq ‡jLv cov ïiæ K‡i 1910 L„. wmwU K‡jR †_‡K ms¯‹„wZ‡Z
we G (Abvm©) cixÿvq DËxY© nb|20 wKš‘ D³ wel‡q ïay gymjgvb nIqvi Kvi‡Y Gg.G
co‡Z cv‡ibwb| G cÖm‡½ W. Gbvgyj nK e‡jb- ÔKwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ms¯‹…wZ wefv‡Mi
KwZcq Aa¨vcK †Kej gymjgvb A_©vr ÔhebÕ nIqvi ARynv‡ZB Zvnv‡K ms¯‹…Z covB‡Z A¯^xKvi
K‡ibÓ|21 Z‡e 1911 L„. KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q ÔZzjbvg~jK fvlvZZ¡Õ wefvM Pvjy n‡j
1912 L„. wZwb D³ wefv‡Mi cÖ_g I GKgvÎ QvÎ wn‡m‡e Gg.G cvk K‡ib|22 1914
L„. we.Gj cvk Kivi ci wZwb 1915 L„. gvP© gv‡m PÆMÖv‡gi mxZvKzÐ nvB¯‹z‡j cÖavb
wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM `vb K‡ib Ges †m eQiB ÔAvj GmjvgÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡
cÖvß nb|23 1921 L„. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci D³ mv‡ji 2 Ryb wZwb
ms¯‹…Z I evsjv wefv‡M cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges 1922-1924 L„. ch©šÍ XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvBb wefv‡Mi LÐKvjxb wkÿK
wn‡m‡eI wZwb `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|24 1926 L„. wZwb wkÿv QywU wb‡q c¨vwi‡mi m‡iveb
wek¦we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ fvlvi Dci M‡elYv ïiæ K‡ib| D³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AeKvkKvjxb
mg‡q wZwb 1927 L„. Rvg©vbxi d«vBeyM© wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qb K‡ib| 1928 L„. m‡iveb
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb wcGBP.wW wWMÖx I aŸbx weÁv‡b Gwkq‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g QvÎ iƒ‡c
wW‡cøvgv wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib|25 AZci 1928 L„. AvMó gv‡m wZwb †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib
1937 L„. ch©šÍ XvKv wewk¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv I ms¯‹…wZ wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv K‡i 1944 L„.
PvKzix †_‡K Aemi MÖnb K‡ib|26
18. W±i †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb, W±i gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1980, 2q
ms¯‹iY, c„. 1
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 2
20. cÖv¸³,
21. gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK, Ôgnvb gbxlx W±i gynv¤§` knx`yjøvnÕ gynv¤§` mvwdq~¨jøvn m¤úvw`Z knx`yjøvn
msea©bv MÖš’ (XvKv: †i‡bmv wcÖ›Uvm©, 1967), c„.5
22. W±i †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb, W±i gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 2
23. kvgQy¾vgvb Lvb (I) †mwjbv †nv‡mb m¤úw`Z, PwiZvwfavb, cÖv¸³, c„. 200
24. W±i †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 3
25. cÖv¸³
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
Gici 1944-1948 L„. ch©šÍ e¸ov K‡j‡Ri Aa¨‡ÿi `vwqZ¡I cvjb K‡ib|27 AZci
1948 L„. b‡f¤^‡i wZwb cybivq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †hvM`vb K‡i 1954 L„. wØZxqevi
Aemi MÖnY K‡ib|28 wZwb evsjv-cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki wewfbœ mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv
m¤úv`bvmn wewfbœ mvwnZ¨ m‡¤§j‡b cÖwZwbwa I mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|29 wZwb
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi KZ…©K ÔcÖvBW Ae cvidig¨vÝÕ divmx miKvi KZ…©K ÔbvBU Ae w`
AWvm© Ae AvU©m GÐ †jUvm©Õ c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb|30 1967 L„. 13 RyjvB
G gnvb gbxlx BwšÍKvj K‡ib|31
wZwb Zviu e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi bvbvwe` e¨¯ÍZvi g‡aÏ MÖš’vKv‡i KziAv‡bi Abyev`
cÖKv‡ki B”Qv †cvlY K‡ib| wKš‘ Zuvi cyÎ gynv¤§` mwdqy¨jøvn UxKv-wUàbx I we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨vmn cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU e½vbyev` cÖKv‡ki AvMÖn e¨³ Ki‡j wZwb Zuvi
Aby‡iv‡a UxKv-wUàbxmn we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi wjLvq nvZ ‡`b Ges m~iv dv‡Znv †_‡K m~iv
evKvivi 93 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ wjLv mgvß K‡ib|32 Zuvi G e¨vL¨vMÖš’ cÖKv‡ki c~‡e©B wZwb
ÔgnvevbxÕ wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv dvwZnvi e½vbyev` I we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn m~iv dxj ch©šÍ
m~iv¸‡jvi e½vbyev` wb‡RB cÖKvk K‡ib|33 Z‡e G MÖ‡š’i cÖKvkKvj wb‡q wKQyUv weZK©
i‡q‡Q| Aa¨vcK Ave`yj nvB I AvRnvi DÏxb Lvb Gi g‡Z- ÔgnvevbxÕ MÖš’wU 1940
L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|34 Aa¨vcK Avjx Avng‡ì g‡Z, G MÖš’wU 1946 L„. cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q|35 Zuvi G MÖ‡š’ ms¯‹„Z k‡ãi cÖve‡jï Kvi‡Y Abyev` I fvev_© wKQyUv `~‡e©vaÏ
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Rbve AvRnvi DÏxb ¯^xq MÖ‡š’36 W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvni cvwÐZ¨c~Y© G
Abyev` K‡g©i f~qmx cÖksmv K‡ib|
27. cÖv¸³
28. cÖv¸³
30. kvgmy¾vgvb (I) †mwjbv †nv‡mb, cÖv¸³, c„. 201
31. cÖv¸³
32. W. gynv¤§` gywReyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 482
34. ûgvqb AvRv` m¤úvw`Z, gynv¤§` Ave`yj nvB iPbvejx , evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv: 1994, 2q LÐ, 1g
ms¯‹iY, c„. 106
36. AvRnvi DÏxb, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, KjKvZv: 1968, c„. 92
gvIjvbv gybxi DÏxb Avng`
gvIjvbv gybxi DÏxb Avng` iscyi †Rjvi MsMvPiv _vbvaxb ksKi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib|37 Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb wKQy Rvbv hvq wb| wZwb iscyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
Aaybvjyß AvjnK (1919-1920) bvgK wØgvwmK GKwU cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|38 wZwb
ÔnvdxRxj Kv‡ìxÕ wk‡ivbv‡g evsjv wÎc`x cqvi Q‡›` cweÎ KziAv‡bi Kve¨ Zvdmxi
K‡ib| G MÖš’wU 1947 L„. gynv¤§` Avjx KZ…©K iscyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|39 Zuvi G MÖ‡š’
m~iv dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi AvswkK Kve¨ Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Zuvi G Zvdmx‡i
Aviex fvlvq Zvmwgqv ZvÔAvDDR wjwce× c~eK© evsjv wÎc`x cqvi Q‡›` Df‡qi
Kve¨vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| D³ Zvdmx‡i Aviex evsjvq m~ivØ‡qi bvg, iƒKz I Avqv‡Zi
msL¨vI D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci Aviex‡Z GK GK AvqvZ D‡jøL c~e©K mswkøó
Avqv‡Zi Kve¨ Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|40 evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi G Kve¨ Zvdmxi
Lvbx GKwU Abb¨ ms‡hvRb|
Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj
Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj 1903 L„. 1 RyjvB PÆMÖvg †Rjvi mvZKvwbqv _vbvi
†KDwPqv MÖv‡g Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib|41 1910 L„. ¯’vbxq gKZ‡e covïbvi gva¨‡g Zuvi wkÿv
Rxeb ïiæ nq| wZwb 1914 †_‡K 1922 L„. ch©šÍ PÆMÖvg miKvix wbD¯‹xg gvìvmv,
1923 †_‡K 1924 L„. ch©šÍ gymwjg B›UviwgwW‡qU K‡jR Ges 1925 †_‡K 1927 L„.
ch©šÍ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †jLv cov K‡ib|42 1930 L„. XvKv BmjvwgK B›UviwgwW‡qU
K‡j‡R PvKzix‡Z †hvM`vb Kivi gva¨‡g Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| Kg©Rxeb PjvKv‡jB wZwb
1938 L„. Gg,G cvk K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b PvKzix Kivi ci 1959 L„.
PvKzix †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1973 L„. PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© wbhy³ nb,
AZci 1975 L„. ivóªcwZi Dc‡`óv c‡` wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ 1977 L„. c`Z¨vM K‡ib|43
wZwb bvUK, Dcb¨vm, Mí MÖš’ I cÖeÜ MÖš’mn me wgwj‡q cÂv‡kva© MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib|
Z‡e Ô‡KviAv‡bi evYxÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` MÖš’wU Zuvi Ab¨Zg
mvwnZ¨Kg©|

39. cÖv¸³, c„. 488
42. cÖv¸³
43. cÖv¸³
wZwb bvUK, Dcb¨vm, Mí MÖš’ I cÖeÜ MÖš’mn me wgwj‡q cÂv‡kva© MÖš’ cÖKvk
K‡ib| Z‡e Ô‡KviAv‡bi evYxÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` MÖš’wU Zuvi Ab¨Zg
mvwnZ¨Kg©| G MÖš’wU 1949 L„. mvwnZ¨ KzwUi KZ…©K PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|44
wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi A_© I fvev‡_©i Av‡jv‡K cÖwZwU m~ivi KwZcq AvqvZ wbe©vPb K‡i
Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi G MÖ‡š’i fvlv
mvwnZï‡m mg„× n‡jI evsjv cÖwZeY©vq‡b wKQyUv ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb-
wZwb m~iv Ôgyhhvw¤§jÕ †K ÔgyRv‡¤§jÕ Ges ÔgyÏvmwmiÕ †K gy`v‡”Qi wj‡L‡Qb| D”PviYMZ
G ÎæwU mg~n ms‡kvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` jyrdzjøvn
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` jyrdzjøvn dwi`cyi †Rjvi gyjdrM‡Äi Awaevmx|45 Zuvi
RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© we‡kl wKQy Rvbv hvq wb| wZwb ÔZdQx‡i jyrdzjøvnÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Avgcvivi GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| hvi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1951 L„.
nvweweqv jvB‡eªix KZ…©K ewikvj †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|46 wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi 1g I 2q
cvivi ZvdmxiI iPbv K‡i‡Qb| GUvI 1954 L„. ewikvj ‡_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|47 Z‡e
Zuvi G Zvdmxi LÐ¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b `y®cÖvc¨|
gvIjvbv Ave`yi ingvb
wewkó wkÿvwe` gvIjvbv Ave`yi ingvb PÆMÖvg †Rjvi cwUqv _vbvaxb gynv¤§`cyi
MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|48 wZwb wkÿK wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib Ges wefvMxq ¯‹zj
Bb‡¯ú±i wn‡m‡e miKvix PvKzix †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib|49 mvwnZ¨ PP©vi cÖwZ Zuvi
Zxeª AbyivM wQj| Ô‡KviAvb I Rxeb `k©bÕ (1g, 2q I 3q LÐ), ÔAv`k© I mvabvÕ
Ô¯§„wZK_vÕ Ônvw`m msKjbÕ, m~iv evKvivi e½vbyev`Õ I ÔKv‡e¨ AvgcvivÕ cÖf„wZmn wZwb
Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv †gŠwjK I Abyev` MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I fvl¨
iPbv‡K Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªôKxwZ© wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Z‡e wZwb c~Y©v½ KziAv‡bi
e½vbyev` I fvl¨ iPbv bv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K m~ivi †m me Avqv‡Zi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb
†h Avqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK `k©b, wek¦vm I Av`k©, Avjøvni GKZ¡ I gnZ¡,
ag©xq wewa-weavb I mvgvwRK wkóvPvwiZvi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| D³ welqvwì mv‡_ mswkøó

KwZcq m~ivi c~Y©v½ e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi MÖš’I iPbv K‡i‡Qb|

45. cÖv¸³, c„. 280
46. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 199
47. Bmjvgx †ek¦‡Kvl (1990), cªv¸³, 8g LÐ, c„. 683
49. cÖv¸³.
Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ Ô‡KviAvb I Rxeb `k©bÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi G MÖš’wU wZb L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖ_g
L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU 1960 L„. PÆMÖv‡gi wµ‡m›U †cÖm †_‡K ingvb mÝ cvewj‡KkÝ
Gi c‡ÿ bRiæj Bmjvg KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq|75 wØZxq L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU 1963 L„.
GKB †cÖm I GKB cÖKvkK KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq|76 D³ MÖ‡š’i 3q L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iYwU
1965 L„. GKB †cÖm I GKB cÖKvkK KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq|77
cÖ_g L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv Avivd ch©šÍ, wØZxq L‡Ð m~iv Avbdvj †_‡K
m~iv hygvi ch©šÍ Ges Z…Zxq L‡Ð m~iv gywgb †_‡K m~iv bvm ch©šÍ AšÍ©f~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zuvi Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi fvlv AZ¨šÍ mnR, mij I mvejxj| Kwe †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv Zuvi G
e¨vL¨v MÖš’ cÖm‡½ e‡jb78 ÔGwU gvby‡li e¨w³MZ I mgvR Rxe‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡b
mnvqK n‡e|Õ
‰mq` Avey mvB` nvq`vi
kvn ˆmq` Avey mvB` nvq`vi Rvgvjcyi †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi RxebKvj
m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ Rvbv hvq wb| wZwb ÔZvdmxiæj Rv`x`Õ wk‡ivbv‡g êÁvwbK I
Ava¨vwZ¥K `„wó fw½‡Z m~iv dvwZnvi Zvdmxi iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g
ms¯‹iY 1960 L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Gi g~j¨ GK UvKv Ges c„ôv msL¨v n‡jv PweŸk|79
gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb
gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb XvKvi eo KvUvivi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| wZwb 1909 L„.
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1969 L„. BwšÍKvj K‡ib|80 Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© Avi †Kvb Z_¨
cvIqv hvq bv| wZwb ÔAvmgvDj †nvmbvÕ (1950) Ôwek¦bexi ˆmwbK RxebÕ (1964) I
Ôgvney‡e †Lv`vÕ (1950) cÖf„wZ MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e ÔZdmx‡i m~ivn Bqv-mxbÕ MÖš’wU
Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªô KxwZ©| Zuvi G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU 1963 L„. Avãyj Avjx KZ…©K XvKvi iƒwe
AvU© †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|81 G MÖš’wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q wef³| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q D³ m~ivi
bvgKiY, Zvrch©, dwhjZ, êwkó¨ I m~iv m¤ú‡K© wKQy mvaviY K_v Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvici ÔUxKv I wekè¨vL¨vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g mswkøó Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvui
G Zvdmx‡ii fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj| wZwb Zuvi G Zvdmx‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi weÁvb
m¤§Z e¨vL¨v cÖ`vbmn gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Luv I Ab¨vb¨ ZvdmxiKvi‡ì weZwK©Z
e¨vL¨v LÐ‡biI cÖ‡Póv K‡i‡Qb|
75. Ave`yi ingvb ¯§„wZ gRwjk KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ, Ave`yi ingvb ¯§viK e³„Zv, 1997, c„. †kl Kfvi c„ôv
`ªóe¨|
76. Ave`yi ingvb, KziAvb I Rxeb `k©b, (PÆMÖvg: ingvb mÝ cvewj‡KkÝ, 1963), 2q LÐ, 1g
ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ I ZrcieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
77. Avãyi ingvb, cÖv¸³ 3q LÐ, 1g ms¯‹viY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ I ZrcieZ©x c„ôv `ªóªe¨
78. D×„Z, †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 127
80. Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, (1990), 8g LÐ, c„. 683
81. cÖv¸³
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRnvix
gvIjvbv AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRnvix 1935 L„. dwi`cyi †Rjvi KvjwKbx _vbvi
mv‡ne ivgcyi MÖv‡gRb¥ MÖnY K‡ib1 Ges 1978 L„. XvKvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| wZwb ÔAviex
evsjv AwfavbÕ, ÔbxwZ-`yb©xwZÕ, ÔBs‡iRx fvlv I Dnvi DcKvwiZvÕ, ÔAvRnv‡ii BwZnvmÕ
I ÔjyNvZzj KziAvbÕ cÖf„wZ MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| wZwb ÔZvdmx‡i AvRnvixÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi iPbv K‡i‡Qb| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb Zvdmx‡ii f~wgKv I m~iv
dvwZnvi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi wjwce× K‡ib| Zuvi G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1963 L„.
G,†K,Gg Ave`yj nvB GwmqwUK †cÖm, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|2 MÖš’wU‡K `yÕwU Aa¨v‡q
wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Zvdmx‡ii f~wgKv Ges wØZxq Aa¨v‡q m~iv dvwZnvi
e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi G fvl¨ MÖš’wU eZ©gv‡b evsjv GKv‡Wgx jvB‡eªix‡Z
msiwÿZ Av‡Q|3
‡gvnv¤§` †nvQvBb
‡Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` †nvQvBb Uv½vBj †Rjvi AšÍM©Z †`j`yqvi _vbvaxb WyevBj
MÖv‡g 1890 L„. Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †gvnv¤§` gwdR DÏxb|4 wZwb wcZ…
M„‡nB Aviex, D`©~, dvm©x I evsjv fvlvi nv‡Z Lwo jvf K‡ib| AZci wZwb B÷‡e½j
GÐ Avmvg gvìvmv G·vwg‡bkb Gi Aax‡b 1916 L„. XvKvi nv¤§vw`qv gvìvmv n‡Z
†jvIqvi gv`&ivmv ÷vÐvW© cixÿv I 1918 L„. D³ gvìvmv n‡Z gvìvmv ÷vÐvW©
cixÿvq DËxY© nb|5 1922 L„. wZwb Gd, Gg wWMÖxI jvf K‡i‡Qb|6 wZwb 1924 L„.
ÐMjx †Rjvi fv¯Ívov MfY©‡g›U nvB Bswjk ¯‹z‡j †nW †gŠjfx wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ
K‡ib| wZwb PvKzix †Q‡o w`‡q 1942 L„. Uv½vBj †Rjvi wgR©vcy‡ii †Kvovwjqv cvovq
GKwU gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges wZb eQi D³ cÖwZôv‡b wkÿKZvI K‡ib| AZci
wZwb ch©vqµ‡g †`j`yqvi ˆgkv gyov nvB¯‹zj, Rwg`vi gneŸZ Avjx †PŠayix nvB¯‹zj I
g‡nov Rwg`vi evox Avb›` nvB¯‹z‡j `xN©w`b wkÿKZv K‡i 1967 L„. eva©K¨RwbZ Kvi‡Y
Aemi MÖnY K‡ib|7 wZwb ag©xq wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci †jLv-‡jwLmn mvwnZ¨ PP©vI
Ki‡Zb|
1. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, 331
2. m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, 8g LÐ, cÖv¸³, c„. 683
4. cÖv¸³,
5. cÖv¸³,
6. cÖv¸³,
7. cÖv¸³,
ÔgykwKj AvQbÕ, gnvMÖš’ Avj KziAv‡bi mswÿß mÂqbÕ, Ô‡gkKvZ kix‡di mswÿß
mÂqbÕ, Ôwgwó I KovÕ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’| wZwb Ôm~iv eKiÕ Gi e½vbyev` I we¯Í„Z
ZdQxiÕ I ÔcvK mnR ZdQxi (Avgcviv)Õ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvswkK `yÕwU
fvl¨ I iPbv K‡ib| Z‡e Ôm~iv eKi Gi e½vbyev` I we¯Z…Z ZdQxiÕ MÖš’wU eZ©gv‡b
`y®cÖvc¨| Zuvi ÔcvK mnR ZdQxi (Avgcviv)Õ MÖš’wU †Lv›` Kvi dRjyj Kwig KZ…©K
1383 wn. Gi whjnv¾ gv‡m cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|8 D³ Zvdmx‡i g~j Aviexmn evsjv
cÖwZeY©vqb ms¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU‡K m~iv dvwZnv w`‡q ïiæ K‡i, m~iv bvm †_‡K
ch©vqµ‡g m~iv bvevi e¨vL¨v Øviv mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ fv‡lï cÖ_‡g m~ivi KwVb
k‡ãi A_© Zvici gvwR©‡bi wb‡P Wv‡b Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤îmn e½vbyev`, ev‡g Aviex‡Z
µwgK b¤îmn g~j Aviex I evsjv D”PviY ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci gvwR©‡bi wb‡P
kv‡b byh~j I wewfbœ NUbvi D‡jøL Kivi ci Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi
Abyev` I Zvdmx‡ii fvlv LyeB mnR-mij hv mn‡RB Abyaveb Kiv hvq|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg
wewkó M‡elK I Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg 1918 L„. 2 gvP©
wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi KvDLvjx _vbvi AšÍM©Z wkqvjKvwV MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|9 wZwb
¯’vbxq GKwU Be‡Z`vqx gv`&ivmvq cÖvq eQi Kvj cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©‡bi ci 1934 L„.
ewikv‡ji `viæm mybœvn (kwl©bv) Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb Ges 1938 L„. D³ gv`&ivmv
n‡Z Avwjg cixÿvq DËxY© nb| AZci wZwb 1940 L„. KjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K
dvwhj I 1942 L„. GKB gvìvmv n‡Z gygZvRyj gynvwÏmxb wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib|10
cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv mgvwßi ci wZwb 1940-45 L„. D³ gvìvmvq KziAvb I nv`x‡mi

Dci D”PZi M‡elYvI m¤úbœ K‡ib|
1945 L„. wZwb wkÿKZvi gva¨‡g Kg©Rxe‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| 1947 L„. ch©šÍ
ewikv‡ji iNybv_cyi nvB gvìvmv I 1947 - 48 L„. ch©šÍ ‡KDw›`qv nvB gvìvmvq wZwb
†nW †gŠjfx wn‡m‡e wkÿvKZv K‡ib|11 G wkÿKZvi mg‡qB wZwb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx
wn‡›` †hvM`vb K‡i ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ð wb‡R‡K Rwo‡q †bb| d‡j aivevav wbq‡g Zuvi
c‡ÿ PvKzix Kiv Avi m¤¢e nq wb|
8. ‡Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` †nvQvBb, cvK mnR ZdQxi (Avgcviv), c„. Dr¯^M© cÎ c„ôv `ªóªe¨
9. gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg (it) GKwU wecøex †PZbvi cÖZxK, gvIjvbv Ave`yi
inxg dvD‡Ðkb, XvKv: 1994 L„, 1g ms, c„.3
10. gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„.5
11. ¯§iwYKv, Av‡jvi cÖZxK (giÐg gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg), RwgqZ cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 1990 L„, c„. 85
wZwb 1950-55 L„. ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbe©vwPZ Avgxi wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i cÖvq 13 eQi ci D³ `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ wb‡q wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb
Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi wbhy³ nb|4 ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K wewfbœ mg‡q KviveiYI
Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| 1971-74 L„. ch©šÍ wZwb †bcvj I cvwK¯Ív‡b Ae¯’vb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges
1974 L„. gvSvgvwS mg‡q †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb|5 1976 L„. Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvB.wW.Gj.
bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j MwVZ n‡j wZwb D³ msMV‡bi wmwbqi fvBm †Pqvig¨vb I
c‡i †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ nb Ges 1977-83 L„. ch©šÍ wZwb G `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|
ZuviB D‡`¨v‡M 1984 L„. 30 b‡f¤î D³ msMV‡bi bvg cwieZ©b Kiv nq Ges GUv
ÔBmjvgx HK¨ Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡j wZwb AvRxeb D³ msMV‡bi
†Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|6 wZwb 1979 L„. evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq RvZxq msm`
wbe©vP‡b msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| wewfbœ ms¯’vi Avgš¿‡Y wZwb K‡qKwU †`k
mdi K‡ib Ges wewfbœ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib|7 †`‡ki K‡qKwU †emiKvix ms¯’vi
mv‡_I Zuvi m¤ú„³Zv †`Lv hvq|
12 eQi eqm ‡_‡K Zuvi mvwnZ¨-PP©v ïiæ nq| cvUyqvLvwji GKwU ¯‹zj g¨vMvwR‡b
Zuvi cÖ_g iPbv cÖKvwkZ nq| QvÎ Rxeb †_‡KB wZwb Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ iPbvq
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| msev` cÎ I mvsevw`KZvi mv‡_I Zuvi m¤úK© wQj jÿYxq|8
Dciš‘ wZwb wesk kZvãxi cÂv‡ki `kK †_‡K g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ KivwP, KjKvZv I
XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ eÐ cwÎKvq ‡jLv‡jwL K‡i‡Qb| evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq
†gŠwjK I Abyev` mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi iPbvi msL¨v †ò kZvwaK| wZwb mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv
gI`y`x (i.) weiwPZ Zvdmxi ÔZvdnxgyj KyiAvbÕ GiI mdj e½vbyev`K| G gnvb
gbxlx 1987 L„. 1 A‡±vei XvKvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg (i.)
weiwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ Ôm~iv dvwZnvi ZvdmxiÕ wU‡K Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªô Ae`vb wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv nq| GwU Zuvi iwPZ 5g cy¯ÍK|9 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 96|
4. gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 6,8,10,15
5. gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 18
6. gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 20, 23.
9. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg (i.), myiv dvwZnvi Zvdmxi, Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, XvKv: 2000 L„. 6ô ms,
c„. c~e© K_v `ªóe¨
Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx me© cÖ_g G ZvdmxwU‡K 1958 L„. cÖKvk K‡i| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi iPbvi Rb¨ †h we‡kl fw½wU MÖnY K‡i‡Qb GK K_vq Zv Abb¨
I Awfbe| G‡Z KziAv‡bi wewfbœ cwifvlv I cÖwZcv`¨ wel‡qi e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Y wZwb
Awfavb MÖ‡š’i mvnv‡hï †P‡q KziAv‡bi cÖvmw½K AvqvZ¸‡jvi DciB AwaK cwigv‡Y
wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| G we‡kl fw½wU MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g g~jZ: wZwb evsjv fvlvq KziAv‡bi
welq wfwËK Zvdmx‡ii GKwU bZzb aviv cÖeZ©b K‡i‡Qb|10 m~iv dvwZnvi G Zvdmxi
iPbvi KviY m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
ÒAvgvi `„wó‡Z wÎk cviv KziAvb gvRx‡ì wbh©vm I mvivsk mwbœ‡ewkZ nBqv‡Q ÿz`ªvKvi m~iv
dvwZnvq| c~Y© KziAv‡b †h Rxeb `k©b I `vk©wbK gZev` Ges Bmjvgx AvK¡x`vi eywbqv`
†ck Kiv nBqv‡Q ZvnviB †gŠwjK Z_¨ I ZË¡m g~n we‡kl Mv¤¢xh©mnKv‡i Av‡jvwPZ nBqv‡Q
GB m~ivwU‡Z| Bnvi we¯ÍvwiZ A_© I fveaviv m¤ú‡K© wkwÿZ mgvR‡K AewnZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
Avwg GB Zvdmxi iPbvq cÖe„Ë nBqvwQ| Bnv nB‡Z cvVKMY c~Y© KziAvb gvRx` eywSqv cvV
Kivi †cÖiYv jvf Kwi‡eb| Bnv Avgvi Avkv|Ó11
MÖš’Kvi m~iv dvwZnvi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vi c~‡e© KziAvb gvRx‡ì f~wgKv, gv°x I
gv`vbx m~ivmg~‡ni êwkó¨, me© cÖ_g AeZxY© m~iv, BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wUi fvlv LyeB mnR, mij I cÖvÄj| MÖš’wU me© gn‡j h‡ó mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q|
gvIjvbv Av.b.g. iƒûj Avwgb †PŠayix I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvgybœex
gvIjvbv Av.b.g. iƒûj Avwgb †PŠayix I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvgybœex †bvqvLvjx
†Rjvi †eMgMÄ _vbvi j²xbvivqYcyi MÖv‡gi Awaevmx| Zuviv †hŠ_ fv‡e ÔZvdmxi
RvjvjvBb I AvbIqviæj †KviAvbÕ (wek` e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi) AvL¨vq cweÎ
KziÕAv‡bi Ask we‡k‡li e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| g~jZ KziAvbx mvwn‡Zï
Zuv‡ì G Kg©wU wQj Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBbmn wewfbœ cÖvgvY¨ MÖš’ n‡Z msKwjZ GKwU
e½vbyev`| Gi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq †bvqvLvjxi †PŠgynbxi Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªix
KZ…©K 1983 L„.| G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q m~iv dvwZnv I evKvivi Abyev` I Zvdmxi| Gi
g~j¨ wQj 55 UvKv| Gi wØZxq LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq GKB ms¯’v KZ…©K 1983 L„.| Gi c„ôv
msL¨v wQj 212 I g~j¨ wQj 26 UvKv| G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi e½vbyev`
I Zvdmxi| Zuv‡ì m¤úv`bvq ÔAvbIqviæj KziAvbÕ AvL¨vq cweÎ KziAv‡bi 30Zg
10. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg (i.), cÖv¸³, c„. c~e© K_v `ªóe¨
11. cÖv¸³, c„. cÖ_wgK K_v `ªóe¨
cvivi e½vbyev` I wek` Zvdmx‡iiI GKwU msKjb cÖKvwkZ nq| 1983 L„. †bvqvLvjx
Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªix G msKwjZ ZvdmxiwU cÖKvk K‡i| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 179 I g~j¨ 21
UvKv|12 Zuv‡ì Gme Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ Kzi„Av‡bi GKvwaK ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
G¸‡jv gvìvmv †ev‡W©i wm‡jev‡mi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡LB Zviv cÖYqb K‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j
G¸‡jvi Pvwn`vI wQj e¨vcK|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj AvRxR
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj AvRxR †ckvq wQ‡jb GKRb wkÿK| wZwb KjKvZv
Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K we,G (m¤§vb) I Gg,G Dfq
cixÿvq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib Ges XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K we.wU. cvm
K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb †bvqvLvjxi ivgMÄ D”P we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib Ges PÆMÖvg miKvix gnvwe`¨vj‡qi Aviex I dvmx© fvlvi Aa¨vcK wnmv‡e
PvKzix K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wkÿKZvi cvkvcvwk wZwb mvwnZ¨ PP©vqI g‡bvwb‡ek
K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi Agi mvwnZ¨KxwZ© nj ÔZvKgxjyj eqvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvbÕ| wb‡æ
Zuvi Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
ÔZvKgxjyj evqvb dx Zvdmxwij †KviAvbÕ
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj AvRxR eû w`b a‡iB AšÍ‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi †Kvb †mev
Kivi A`g¨ AvKv•Lv †cvlY K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| miKvix Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vKvi Kvi‡Y G
AvKv•Lv ev¯Ívevq‡b wKQyUv wej¤^ n‡q‡Q| PvKzix †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci `xN© 8 eQi
cwikªg K‡i Dc‡iv³ AvL¨vq evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev` I wek` e¨vL¨v K‡i
Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvk K‡ib|13 cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb kxNÖB D³ Zvdmx‡ii
Aewkó LÐ¸‡jv ch©vqµ‡g gy`ª‡Yi Rb¨ Avjøvni Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv I cvVK mgv‡Ri `yÕAv
KvgbvI K‡iwQ‡jb|14 Z‡e cieZ©xKv‡j Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii Avi †Kvb LÐ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi
Lei cvIqv hvq wb| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1987 L„. XvKv †_‡K
MÖš’Kvi KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq | gy`ª‡Y wQj Ôw` nwj wcÖw›Us †cÖm, 67 we-gvwjevM †PŠayix
cvov, XvKv-19|

13. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj AvRxR, ZvKgxjyj evqvb dx Zvdmxwij KziÕAvb, XvKv: 1987 L„. 1g LÐ, 1g ms,
c„. 1 (ÔAvgvi K_vÕ bv‡g Abyev`‡Ki f~wgKv `ªóe¨)
14. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj AvRxR, cÖv¸³, c„.2
Gi nvw`qv nj GKkZ Avwk UvKv|15 ÔAvgvi K_v bv‡gÕ MÖš’Kv‡ii f~wgKv I myPxcÎ
Qvov Gi c„ôv msL¨v 449| G L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv dvwZnv ‡_‡K Av‡j Bgivb
ch©šÍ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Abyev` †k‡l wZwb ivm~j (m.) Gi ¯§i‡Y 20
jvB‡bi Aviex‡Z GKwU `xN© KweZvI ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb|
Av‡jvP¨ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ch©v‡jvPbvq cÖZxqgvb nq †h, e¨vL¨vKvi Aviex, DÏ©y,
dvm©x I evsjv fvlvq mgvb cvi`k©x wQ‡jb| D³ Zvdmx‡i ZË¡ I Z‡_ï †ÿ‡Î cÖvPxb
ZvdmxiKvi I †jLK‡ì Zvdmx‡ii AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¨vL¨vKvi Zuvi Zvdmx‡i †h
mg¯Í cÖvgvY¨ MÖ‡š’i mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ evqhvex, RvjvjvBb, Kvkkvd, Kvexi,
iƒÐj evqvb, wd whjvwjj KziAvb, Zvdmx‡i Beb AveŸvm, nv°vbx, Kv‡ìx, Avjøvgv
BDmyd KZ…©K cweÎ KziAv‡bi Bs‡iRx Abyev` Ges gwim eyKvBwji w` evB‡ej †KviAvb
GÐ mvBÝ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Z‡e G me MÖ‡š’i eivZ eënv‡i Z_¨ m~‡Îi †Kvb bxwZ Abym„Z
nq wb| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii ZvdmxiKvi Aviex‡Z cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg AeZxY© ¯’vb I
Avqv‡Zi msL¨v D‡jøLc~e©K evsjvq cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg AeZxY© ¯’vb, AvqvZ, kã, Aÿi I
iæKzi msL¨v, m~ivi bvgKiY, kv‡b byh~j, m~ivi †hvMm~Î, welqe¯‘, mvims‡ÿc, m~ivi
dhxjZ BZ¨vwì Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ G KziAv‡bi c„ôvi Wv‡b Aviex‡Z
Zvmgxqvmn g~j Aviex I ev‡g e½vbyev` Ges Zrwb‡P ÔZvdmxiÕ wk‡ivbvgvq mswkøó
Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb AvqvZ ev AvqvZvejxi †ÿ‡Î D³ bxwZi wKQy
e¨wZµgI N‡U‡Q| A_©vr cÖ_‡g Aviex Zrwb‡P e¨vL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
gvIjvbv gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi
gvIjvbv gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi (i.) 1908 L„. PÆMÖvg †Rjv kn‡ii c~e© gv`vi
evox¯’ cÖvPxb gxi es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1971 L„. Rxe‡bi 29Zg nReªZ cvj‡bi mgq
Avivdvi gq`v‡b Ae¯’v‡bi ci wèvMZ iv‡Î wgbv nvmcvZv‡j Bnivg Ae¯’vq BwšÍKvj
K‡ib|16 wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Ava¨vwZ¥K mvaK| Zuvi wcZv nhiZ gvIjvbv nvwdR
gvmD` Avjx wQ‡jb †m hy‡Mi GKRb cÖL¨vZ Avwjg I Ava¨vwZ¥K ÿgZv m¤úbœ e¨w³|
gvIjvbv gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi (i.) Gi cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv ïiæ nq PÆMÖv‡g HwZnëvnx
wkÿv cÖwZôvb `viæj Djyg gvìvmvq| D³ wkÿv cÖwZôvb n‡Z dvwhj cvm Kivi ci
fvi‡Zi †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© nb|
15. †gvnv¤§` AvRxR, cÖv¸³, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
16. †gvRvd&di Avng` m¤úvw`Z, †mev (wPwKrmv †mev ¯§viK-2001), evqZzk kid kvn RveŸvwiqv
nvmcvZvj, PÆMÖvg: 2001 L„, c„. 9,10
AZci †mLvb †_‡K wZwb nv`xm kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib|17 QvÎve¯’vq wZwb
AvRgxi kixd Mgb K‡i nhiZ ˆmq` †gvbQig kvn †Lvivmvbx (i.) Gi nv‡Z evqÔAvZ
MÖnY K‡ib Ges cieZ©xKv‡j wLjvdZ cÖvß n‡q Kv‡ìxqv ZixKvi PP©vq Bmjv‡gi †mev
I gvbe Kj¨v‡Y AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| gvbe Kj¨vY I gymwjg åvZ…Z¡ my`„p Ki‡Yi j‡ÿ
wZwb 1952 L„. gmwR` wfwËK msMVb AvÄygv‡b B‡Ënv` MVb K‡ib Ges 1968 L„.
PÆMÖv‡gi awbqvjv cvovq gmwR` evqZzk kid cÖwZôv K‡ib|18 wZwb BwšÍKv‡ji c~e©
ch©šÍ Bmjv‡gi †mev I ZixKZ PP©vq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Ava¨vwZ¥K mvavbvi mv‡_ mv‡_
wZwb Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©vqI Ae`vb iv‡Lb| evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq cweÎ
KziAv‡bi m~iv dvwZnvi Zvdmxi nj Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªôKg©| wb‡æ Zuvi D³ Zvdmxi
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
ÔQyiv dv‡Znvi ZdmxiÕ
gvIjvbv gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi KZ…©K iwPZ Dc‡iv³ wk‡ivbv‡gi ZvdmxiwUi
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY PÆMÖvg †_‡K Gg Avãyj KzÏym wgqv KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| gy`ªvKi wQj
Bmjvwgqv wj‡_v GÐ wcÖw›Us †cÖm, PÆMÖvg| g~j¨ wQj 2 UvKv| Z‡e G‡Z cÖKvkbvi mb
ZvwiL D‡jøL wQj bv| wØZxq ms¯‹iY 1977 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkbvq wQj AvÄygv‡b
B‡Ënv` evqZzk kid, awbqvjvcvov, PÆMÖvg| gy`ª‡Y Rvnv½xi †cÖm, KvUvcvnvo †jBb,
†UixevRvi, PÆMÖvg| Gi nvw`qv wQj 5 UvKv, c„ôv msL¨v 118|19 D³ gvIjvbv gxi
†gvnv¤§` AvLZvi (i.) Zuvi Zvdmxi iPbvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
Ò‡Kviv‡bi êwkó¨ I cÖavb m~iv nBj myiv dv‡Znv| cÖ‡Z¨K bvgv‡Ri cÖ_‡g, †`vqv‡Z Ges
cÖ‡Z¨K gKQy‡ì Rb¨ GB Qyiv w`qv Avjøvni ìev‡i AviwR †ck Kiv nq| ZvB Avwg
Avjøvni dR‡j D³ m~ivi A_,© fvev_© ZvdwQ‡ii wKQyUv Ask Avjøvni mš‘wói Rb¨ I
Q`Kv‡q Rvwiqvi wbq‡Z evsjv fvlvq cÖKvk Kwi‡Z B”Qv KwiqvwQÓ|20
D³ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z cuvP c„ôve¨vcx GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~Px
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi 1g c„ôv †_‡K 72 bs c„ôv ch©šÍ nhiZ Beivnxg (Av.) BmgvBj
(Av.), nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx, Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ, Inx, bex- ivm~j,
17. ‡gvRvd&di Avng` m¤úvw`Z, cÖv¸³, c„. 10
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 12
19. gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi, m~iv dv‡Znvi Zdmxi, AvÄygvb B‡Ënv`, PÆMÖvg: 1977 L„. 2q ms, c„.
AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨|
20. cÖv¸³,
KziAv‡bi kv‡b byh~j, dwhjZ I Zvdmxi BZ¨vw` wel‡qi mswÿß weeiY cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
AZci 73 bs c„ôv †_‡K 118 bs c„ôv ch©šÍ m~iv dvwZnvi Abyev`, kvwãK we‡kølY,
êwkó¨, fvev_©, dwhjZ, ZvmvId, ag©xq M‡elYv, mv`Kv‡q Rvwiqv, jI‡n gvndzh I
ZvejxM m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii evg cv‡k¦© m~iv
dvwZnvi g~j Aviex I Wvb cv‡k¦© e½vbyev` cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvdmxiwU‡Z D`©y I dvm©x
k‡ãi e¨vcK eënvi jÿYxq| Z‡e GwUi fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb wQ‡jb eÐg~Lx cÖwZfvai e¨w³| wZwb wQ‡jb
GKvav‡i eÐ MÖ‡š’i ‡jLK, m¤úv`K, Abyev`K, msKjK, gy`ªK, cÖKvkK I cwi‡ekK|
†fvjv †Rjvi AšÍM©Z †evinvb DÏxb Dc‡Rjvi M½vcyi bvgK MÖv‡g 1944 L„. 21 AvMó
wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|1 Zuvi wcZvi bvg gwReyi ingvb nvIjv`vi| Rbve nv`xmyi ingvb
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb gvìvmv wkÿv †ev‡W©i Aax‡b 1960 L„. `vwLj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefvM,
1964 L„. Avwjg cixÿvq cÖ_g wefvM, 1966 L„. dvwhj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefvM I 1968
L„. Kvwgj cixÿvq cÖ_g ‡kªYx‡Z DËxY© nb| AZci 1970 L„. wZwb D”P gva¨wgK
cixÿvq cÖ_g wefvM I 1975 L„. XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ivóªweÁvb wefvM n‡Z we.G.
Abvm© K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvm K‡ib|2 wZwb 28 AvMó 2001 L„. XvKvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|
wkÿv Rxeb mgvwßi ci wZwb XvKvi AvwRgcyi D”P evwjKv we`¨vj‡q 1984 L„.
ch©šÍ wkÿKZv K‡ib| evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †ev‡W©i Aaxb gvìvmv mg~‡ni wewfbœ
K¬v‡mi cvV¨ cy¯ÍK iPbvmn Bmjvg ag© welqK MÖš’vw` iPbvq Zuvi Rxe‡bi eo GKUv
Ask e¨wqZ nq| GZ`m¤úwK©Z welqvwì Dci Zuvi cÖvq Pwjø‡kva© msKwjZ, m¤úvw`Z,
Ab~w`Z MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingv‡bi ÔAvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝÕ bv‡g GKUv e„nr
cÖKvkbv ms¯’v i‡q‡Q| D³ cvewj‡KkÝ †_‡K Zuvi eëmvwqK cÖKvkbvi cvkvcvwk cÖvq
†ò kZvwaK Ggb MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi iPbv, Abyev`, m¤úv`bv, msKjb,
gy`ªY, cÖKvkbv A_©vr †Kvb bv †Kb Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ Zuvi m¤ú„³Zv i‡q‡Q| cÖKvkbvq
Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ K‡g©i Rb¨ Zuv‡K Ôevsjv‡`k RvZxq mwnZ¨ msm` ¯^Y© c`KÕ94 G f~wlZ
1. kvn †gvnv¤§` gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, A‡UvMÖvd, (evsjv‡`k RvZxq mvwnZ¨ msm‡ì mvgwqKx)
Avwddv †cÖvWv±, XvKv, 1996, c„. 64
2. kvn †gvnv¤§` gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, cÖv¸³, c„. 65
Kiv nq Ges GKB Kvi‡Y wZwb Ô†k‡i evsjv RvZxq wkï GKv‡Wgx ¯^Y© c`K 1999Õ
cyi¯‹vi I jvf K‡ib|3
Zuvi iPbvewji g‡a¨, ÔAvbIqviæZ ZvbhxjÕ I AvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj m¤^wjZ
ÔZvdmxi-B-RvjvjvBbÕ bv‡g Zvdmxi msKjb `yÕwU we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÖ_‡gv³
MÖš’ ÔAvbIqviæZ ZvbhxjÕ Pvi L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖ_g L‡Ði4 cÖ_g ms¯‹iY AvivdvZ
cvewj‡KkÝ Gi c‡ÿ AvwZKzi ingvb (kixd) KZ…©K 1979 L„. ZrKvjxb ewikv‡ji
†fvjv ‡_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|5 G‡Z m~iv dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| cÖ_g L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv evKvivi 1g iæKz ch©šÍ Wvb cv‡k g~j Aviex
I ev‡g e½vbyev` ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e m~iv evKvivi 2q iæKz n‡Z †kl ch©šÍ, cÖ_‡g
AvqvZ Zci gvwR©‡bi bx‡P fvevbyev`, Zvici gvwR©‡bi bx‡P kv‡b byh~j, NUbvi e¨vL¨v,
Zrci †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b kã we‡kølY mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| D³ L‡Ði 2q ms¯‹iY 1982
L„. 15 †deªæqvix, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1985 L„. 10 Rvbyqvix, PZz_© ms¯‹iY 1987 L„. 18B
Rvbyqvix, cÂg ms¯‹iY 1993 L„. 2 Rvbyqvix, 6ô ms¯‹iY 1994 L„. 10 †deªæqvix, mßg
ms¯‹iY 1994 L„. 28 wW‡m¤î, Aóg ms¯‹iY 1996 L„. 28 b‡f¤î cÖKvwkZ nq6| D³
L‡Ði cwigvwR©Z I cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K AvivdvZ wcÖw›Us
†cÖm, XvKv †_‡K 1999 L„. 14B Rvbyqvix cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ Zvdmx‡ii wØZxq L‡Ði
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY †fvjv †_‡K 1978 L„. 11 A‡±vei Ges wØZxq ms¯‹iY AvaywbK †cÖm, XvKv
†_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡q AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K †fvjv †_‡K 1980 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|7
cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi bxwZ wØZxq L‡Ði cÖ_g I wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi Abyev` I
e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| D³ wØZxq L‡Ði cybgyw`ªZ wØZxq ms¯‹iY 1982 L„.
Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1985 L„. PZz_© ms¯‹iY 1987 L„. Ges cÂg ms¯‹iY 1992 L„. cÖKvwkZ
nq|8 D³ cÂg ms¯‹i‡Yi cybgy`ªY h_vµ‡g 1994 I 1995 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|
3. kvn †gvnv¤§` gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, we‡eK, (†k‡i evsjv RvZxq wkï GKv‡Wgxi mvgwqKx), AvwdKv
†cÖvWv± cÖvt wjt, XvKv, 2000 L„. c„. 41
4. cÖ_g L‡Ði AvL¨vcÎmn c„ôv msL¨v 161 I g~j¨ wQj †lvj UvKv cÂvk cqmv|
5. †gvnv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, AvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj, AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv: 1979 L„, 1g
LÐ, 1g ms, c„. MÖš’ ¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
6. gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, cwigvwR©Z I cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
7. gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ 2q ms, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
Gi wØZxq L‡Ði lô ms¯‹iY 1995 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq | Gi mßg ms¯‹iY 1998 L„.
AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K AvivdvZ wcÖw›Us †cÖm, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|9 G‡Z m~iv
Av‡j-Bgivb I wbmvi Abyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e cÂg ms¯‹i‡Yi wØZxq
L‡Ð ïay Av‡j BgivbB ¯’vb †c‡qwQj, Avi m~iv wbmv‡K ms‡hvRb Kiv nq Z…Zxq L‡Ði
mv‡_| D³ Zvdmxi msKj‡bi Z…Zxq L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1978 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|10
D³ L‡Ði m~iv wbmvi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1978 L„. Ges m~iv gvwq`v I AvbAv‡gi cÖ_g
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq 1982 L„.|11 msKjK m~iv wbmvi cÖKvkbv‡KB D³ L‡Ði cÖ_g
ms¯‹iY wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| G Z…Zxq L‡Ði cwiewZ©Z I cwigvwR©Z cÂg
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K AvivdvZ wcÖw›Us †cÖm, XvKv †_‡K
1999 L„.|12 eZ©gv‡b G ms¯‹i‡Y m~iv wbmv, gvwq`v I AvbAv‡gi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v
AšÍf©~³ i‡q‡Q| G cÂg ms¯‹i‡Yi evsjv fvlvq mvayixwZi cwie‡Z© PjwZixwZ Abym„Z
n‡q‡Q|
D³ Zvdmxi msKj‡bi PZz_© L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1982 L„. wØZxq ms¯‹iY
1986 L„. PZz_© ms¯‹iY 1993 L„. GKB cÖKvkK I GKB †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|13
PZz_© L‡Ði G ms¯‹i‡Y m~iv Avivd, Avbdvj I ZvIev AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q| D³ Zvdmxi
msKj‡bi cÖwZwU L‡Ð ÔcvVK‡ì †L`g‡ZÕ wk‡ivbvgvq ÔGKwU wb‡e`bÕ I welqm~Px
i‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi ms¯‹iY¸‡jvi Abyev‡ì fvlv wQj mnR‡eva¨| G‡Z evsjv
fvlvq mvayixwZ Abym„Z n‡qwQj| Avi cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY¸‡jvi fvlv A‡bKUv mswÿß
Z‡e cÖvÄj| Avi †Kvb †Kvb L‡Ð PjwZixwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nv`xmyi
ingv‡bi Zvdmxi msKjb I m¤úv`bvi Av‡iKwU we‡kl Ae`vb n‡jv ÔAvbIqviæZ
Zvbhxj m¤^wjZ Zvdmxi-B-RvjvjvBbÕ| GwU Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBb Gi (AvswkK)
e½vbyev`mn `yÕL‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ msKj‡bi cÖ_g LÐwU AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ
KZ…©K AvivdvZ wcÖw›Us †cÖm, XvKv †_‡K 1989 L„. Ges wØZxq ms¯‹iY14
8. cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, 7g ms, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨

9. cÖv¸³, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
10. cÖv¸³, 3q, LÐ, 5g ms c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
11. cÖv¸³, c„. cÖKvk‡Ki ÔcvVK‡ì †L`g‡ZÕ c„ôv `ªóe¨
12. cÖv¸³, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨

13. cÖv¸³, 4_© LÐ, gy`ªY (1999), c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
14. cÖ_g L‡Ði wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi c„ôv msL¨v nj 552 I g~j¨ wQj 152 UvKv
cÖKvwkZ nq 1990 L„.|15 D³ L‡Ði Z…Zxq I PZz_© gy`ª‡Yi cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY
cÖKvwkZ nq h_vµ‡g 1992, 1995 I 1998 L„.|16 cÖ_g L‡Ð m~iv Bqvmxb, Avm&
mvdvdvZ, Avj gyÕwgb, Avj dvZn& Avj ûRivZ, Avb bvRg, K¡vd, Avi ivngvb Gi
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi AšÍf©~³ Kiv nq|
D³ msKj‡bi wØZxq L‡Ði cÖ_g17 I wØZxq ms¯‹iY GKB cÖKvkK I GKB †cÖm
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq h_vµ‡g 1991 I 1995 L„.|18 G wØZxq L‡Ð cweÎ KziÕAv‡bi 28k,
29k I 30k cvivi RvjvjvBb Gi e½vbyev` I msKwjZ Zvdmxi msKjb cÖ_‡g
Zvdmxi-B-RvjvjvBb Gi g~j Aviex AZci gvwR©‡bi wb‡P e½vbyev` (Avqv‡Zi Abyev‡`
eÜbx eëüZ n‡q‡Q), Zvici msKwjZ Zvdmxi ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Avqv‡Zi
kv‡b byh~j, NUbv, cVb c×wZ (Bjgyj wK¡ivAvZ) Gi weeiYI i‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv nv`xmyi
ingvb Zuvi ÔAvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj cÖYq‡b KziAvb, nv`xm I wdK&‡ni †h mg¯Í cÖvgvY¨
MÖš’ †_‡K mn‡hvwMZv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ Zvdmxi-B-Be&b Rixi, Beb Kvmxi, KziZzex,
Kvexi, iæûj gvÔAvbx, Lvwhb, gv`vwiK, gvhnvix, Aveym mvD`, dvZûj Kvwì, evqhvex,
RvjvjvBb, mvdIqvZzZ Zvdvmxi, gvÔAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj, dx whjvwjj †KviAvb,
gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvb, Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, evqvbyj KziAvb, jyeveyb bKzj, Zvdmx‡i
nv°vbx, Zvdmx‡i Avkivdx, eyLvix, gymbv‡` Avng`, bvmvqx, Beb Avex nvZxg, gyAvËv,
AvnKvgyj KziAvb, ivIqvwqDj evqvb, wdKûm mybœvn& cÖf„wZ MÖš’ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zvi
e¨vL¨vZ G KziAvb I e½vbyev‡` fvlv‡K mnR I cÖvÄj ejv hvq|
15. gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb, AvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj m¤^wjZ Zvdmxi-B-RvjvjvBb, AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ,
XvKv: 1990 L„, 1g LÐ, 2q ms, c„. MÖ¯’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
16. gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY, c„. MÖš¯
’ ^Z¡ c„ôv `„óe¨
17. G wØZxq L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖwZwU m~ivq c„_K c„_K c„ôv †`qv nq| 28 cvivi c„ôv¼ n‡jv 1
†_‡K 224 ch©šÍ, 29k cvivi c„ôv¼ n‡jv 1g †_‡K 224 ch©šÍ, 30k cvivi c„ôv¼ n‡jv 1 †_‡K
447| Gi g~j¨ wQj `yBkZ wÎk UvKv
18. gynv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ 2q ms, c„. MÖš’¯^Z¡ c„ôv `ªóe¨
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb Avj Kv‡ìx PÆMÖvg †Rjvi cwUqv _vbvi AšÍM©Z
PiKvbvB MÖv‡g 1944 L„. 29 RyjvB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Awj Avng`|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb N‡ivqv cwi‡e‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿvR©‡bi ci wcZvi
B”Qvbyhvqx PÆMÖv‡gi Rv‡gqv Avngw`qv mywbœqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q `vwLj I
Avwjg cixÿvq †gav e„wËmn DËxY© nb| AZci wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi `viæj Djyg Avwjqv
gvìvmv †_‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ dvwhj I Kvwgj cvm K‡ib| Zvici ewikv‡ji kwl©bv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq Kvwgj wdKn wefv‡M fwZ© n‡q gvìvmv †evW© cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gav
ZvwjKvq 1g †kªYx‡Z wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib|
QvÎ Rxeb †kl K‡i wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi HwZnëvnx wkÿv cÖwZôvb Rv‡gqv Avngw`qv
mywbœqv Avwjqv gv`ªmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡i Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| AZci 1980
L„. D³ gvìvmvq Dcva¨ÿ, Zvici fvicÖvß Aa¨ÿ I 1981 L„. Aa¨ÿ c‡` DbœxZ nb|
eZ©gv‡b wZwb D³ c‡`B `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| 1987 L„. evsjv‡`k miKvi cwiPvwjZ
Ab¨Zg gmwR` RwgqZzj dvjvn RvZxq gvmwR‡` wZwbB me© cÖ_g LZxe wbhy³ nb Ges
A`ëwa D³ `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb|21 Kg©eÐj Rxe‡b wZwb mvwnZ¨ PP©vqI GwM‡q
Av‡mb| Ôì‡m KziAv‡b KixgÕ MÖš’wU Zuvi D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ Ae`vb| wb‡æ Zuvi MÖš’wU m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-
Ôì‡m KziAv‡b KixgÕ
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb Avj Kv‡ìx iwPZ Ôì‡m KyiAv‡b KixgÕ MÖš’wU
cweÎ KziAv‡bi †Kvb avivevwnK Abyev` ev e¨vL¨v bq; eis KwZcq wbe©vwPZ Avqv‡Zi
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi| cweÎ KziAv‡bi wbe©vwPZ Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v m¤^wjZ G
MÖš’wUi 1g I 2q ms¯‹iY PÆMÖvg †_‡K h_vµ‡g 1991 I 1993 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|
cÖKvkbvq wQj ˆZq¨weqv GKv‡Wgx, PÆMÖvg| gy`ª‡Y wQj Rvnv½xi †cÖm, PÆMÖvg|22
Av‡jvP¨ LwÐZ Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_‡g g~j Aviex, Zrwb‡P e½vbyev`, AZci Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Avqv‡Zi gg©v_©bymv‡i welqe¯‘I Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
20. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`~`, cÖv¸³, c„. 477

21. cÖv¸³
22. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb Avj Kv‡ìx, ì‡m KziAv‡b Kixg, ˆZq¨weqv GKv‡Wgx, PÆMÖvg, 1991
L„. 1g LÐ, 3q ms, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rvjvj DÏx‡bi e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi êwkó¨ nj G‡Z cÖwZwU
Avqv‡Zi welqe¯‘ I Avbylw½K wewfbœ gvmAvjv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi fvlvq
Aviex I D`©y fvlvi cÖfveI Kg bq| 1991 L„. †_‡K 1999 L„. ch©šÍ MÖš’wUi wZbwU
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
‡gŠjfx †gvnv¤§` wgRvbyi ingvb
wewkó wkÿvwe` I MÖš’Kvi ‡gŠjfx †gvnv¤§` wgRvbyi ingvb ÔAvgcviv I cÂ
QyivÕ bv‡g GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †eMg wgbv ingvb KZ…©K Zvdmxi
MÖš’wU †m‡Þ¤î 1980 L„. XvKv †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|1 evsjv fvlvq iwPZ G
Zvdmx‡ii fvlv mnR, mij I mvejxj| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AvqvZ I kã we‡k‡li Dci
MÖš’vKv‡ii gbbkxj e¨vL¨v MÖš’wU‡K A‡bK ü`qMÖvnx I cÖvYešÍ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| wZwb Zuvi
MÖ‡š’ m~iv mg~‡ni †h weï× Abyev` Ges mnR I mij fvlvq †h UxKv I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb Zv wbtm‡›`‡n cÖksmvi `vex iv‡L| Zuvi mnR, mij Ges mvejxj fvlvq iwPZ
ÔAvgcviv I cÂ Q~ivÕ c‡o RbmvaviY DcK„Z n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|2
MÖ‡š’i c„ôvi evg cv‡k¦© evsjvq AvqvZ b¤îmn Avqv‡Zi evsjv Abyev` D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| c„ôvi Wvb cv‡k¦© Aviex‡Z AvqvZ b¤îmn Aviex AvqvZ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Abyev‡ì bx‡P eÜbxi g‡a¨ UxKv b¤î D‡jøL K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvdmxi Zz‡jaiv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
gynv¤§` dvhjyj Kvixg AvbIqvix
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dvhjyj Kvixg AvbIqvix 1906 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1974
L„. g„ZzëiY K‡ib| wZwb †ckvq wQ‡jb GKRb wkÿK| `xN© 39 eQi wZwb wewfbœ
wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b wkÿKZv K‡ib Ges 1967 L„. wZwb PvKyix Rxe‡bi BwZ Uv‡bb|3 Zuvi
m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| ÔD¤gyj KziAvbÕ AvL¨vq wZwb m~iv
dvwZnvmn m~iv bvm †_‡K m~iv Z¡xb ch©šÍ 21wU m~ivi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v K‡ib| Zuvi
e¨vL¨vZ MÖš’wU m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-
1. †gvnv¤§` gxRvbyi ingvb, Avgcviv I cÂ Qyiv, avbgwÐ, XvKv: 1980 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvk, c„. AvL¨vcÎ
2. †gvnv¤§` gxRvbyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. AwfgZ c„óv `ªóe¨
3. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dvhjyj Kvixg AvbIqvix, D¤§yj KziAvb, XvKv: 1968, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. ÔcÖKvk‡Ki
AvihÕ `ªóe¨
D¤gyj KziAvb
gvIjvbv dvhjyj Kixg AvbIqvix `xN©w`b hver Zuvi Bs‡iRx I Aviex wkwÿZ eÜz
evÜe‡ì Aby‡iv‡ai d‡j 1967 L„. Dc‡iv³ AvL¨vq m~iv dvwZnvmn Av‡iv wekwU m~ivi
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| †jLbxi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi †mevq GwU wQj Zuvi
cÖv_wgK cÖ‡Póv|4 1968 L„. XvKv †_‡K Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ
nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb Avb&Iqvix cvewj‡KkÝ Gi c‡ÿ gvneyeyj Kvixg, 155 bs
wbDgv‡K©U, XvKv| KvRx gKQy` Avjx KZ…©K iZb AvU© †cÖm, 9 bs cvUzqvUzjx, XvKv †_‡K
GwU gyw`ªZ nq| MÖš’wUi ï‡f”Qv g~j¨ wQj 7 UvKv|5
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dvhjyj Kvixg AvbIqvix Zuvi Abyev‡` MZvbyMwZK avivq m~iv
¸‡jvi µgaviv Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb| D³ MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z cÖL¨vZ Avwjg Avjøvgv mvB‡q`
gvngy` gy¯Ívdv Avj gv`vbxi GKwU AwfgZ, Abyev`‡Ki Ôc~e©fvlÕ bv‡g f~wgKv,
cÖKvk‡Ki Avih, Aviex k‡ãi evsjv evbvb (c×wZ) I `xN© AvU c„ôvi GKwU m~Px
ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡b cÖwZwU m~ivi c~e©vci m¤úK©, kv‡b byh~j,
kãv_©, †Kvb †Kvb Aviex k‡ãi UxKv, KyiAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi c×wZ, KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨v, AZci evg cv‡k¦© mswkøó m~ivi Avqv‡Zi avivevwnK e½vbyev` I Wv‡b g~j Aviex
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
Rbve dvhjyj Kixg AvbIqvix Zuvi Abyev` I e¨vL¨vq Avjøvgv kvn& Avãyj Avhxh
†`njexi dvZÐj Avhxh I Zvdmx‡i Avhxhxi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|6 Z‡e wZwb Abyev‡ì
mgq mswkøó m~ivq c~e©eZ©x Abyev`K I ZvdmxiKvi‡ì ÎæwUc~Y© Abyev‡ì fyj
ïaiv‡bvmn m~ivZzj dvwZnvi evsjv cÖwZeY©vq‡bi mgq ¯^cÖYxZ evsjv cÖwZeY©vqb bxwZi
Av‡jv‡K Ab¨vb¨ fzj mg~nI wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi fvlv‡K mnR,
mij, cÖvÄj I mvejxj ejv P‡j|
4. cÖv¸³
5. cÖv¸³, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
6. cÖv¸³, c„. ÔAwfgZÕ c„ôv `ªóe¨
Aveyj nvwkg
wewkó M‡elK Aveyj nvwkg 1905 L„. 27 Rvbyqvix cwðg e‡½i ea©gvb †Rjvq
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1974 L„. 5 A‡±vei XvKvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|1 wZwb KjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1928 L„. we.G cvm K‡ib Ges cieZ©x‡Z GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K
we.Gj cvm K‡ib| wZwb 1931 L„. ea©gvb †Rjv RR †Kv‡U© AvBb eëmvi gva¨‡g Zuvi
Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib Ges G mgq cÖZ¨ÿ ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q c‡ob| wZwb 1937 L„.
e½xq weavb mfvi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb Ges †m eQ‡iB gymwjg jx‡M ‡hvM`vb K‡ib|
Zvici 1941 L„. wZwb cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi Kvh© wbe©vnx cwil‡ì m`m¨ I 1943 L„.
mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| †`k wefv‡Mi ci wZwb cwðge‡½ weavb mfvq we‡ivax
`‡ji †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib|2 wZwb 1950 L„. KjKvZv †Q‡o XvKvq ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm ïiæ
K‡ib| XvKvq G‡m 1952 L„. fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi me©`jxq msMÖvg cwil‡ì m`m¨ wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges GB Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y 16 gvm Kviv‡fvM K‡ib|
Kviv gyw³i ci wZwb ÔwLjvd‡Z ieŸvbxÕ bv‡g GKwU bZzb `j MVb K‡ib Ges 1956 L„.
ch©šÍ D³ `‡ji mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|3 1960 L„. wZwb BmjvwgK
GKv‡Wgxi cÖ_g cwiPvjK wbhy³ nb Ges BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx cwÎKvi cÖ_g m¤úv`K
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 4 BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx KZ…©K MwVZ KziAv‡bi ZiRgv I
m¤ú`bv †ev‡W©i 13 Rb Abyev`K I m¤úv`‡Ki g‡a¨ wZwb wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg| wZwb Aviex,
D`y©, Bs‡iRx I evsjv fvlvq AZ¨šÍ `ÿ wQ‡jb|
ivRbxwZ, AvBb eëmv I BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgxi `vwqZ¡ cvjbKvjxb Kg©eûj
Rxe‡bi duv‡K duv‡K wZwb Bmjvg ag©, A_©bxwZmn wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci cÖvq 15wU MÖš’
iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iPbvejxi g‡a¨ ÔThe Cread of Islam, Economic Problems and
their Solution in IslamÕ I ÔdviæKx wLjvdZÕ cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ KziAvbyj Kix‡gi Abyev` I m¤úv`bv K‡g©i mv‡_ wZwb RwoZ wQ‡jb|
ÔAvj dvwZnvÕ AvL¨vq m~iv dvwZnvi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v MÖš’wU KziAvbx mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb|
1. kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb I †mwjbv †nv‡mb, cÖv¸³, c„. 36

2. cÖv¸³
3. cÖv¸³
4. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb cwÎKv, 4_© el©, 4_© msL¨v, 2001 L„. c„. 106
wb‡æ Zuvi iwPZ ÔAvj dvwZnvÕ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj-
Avj dvwZnv
Rbve Aveyj nvwkg Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ ÔAvj dvwZnvÕ AvL¨vq m~iv dvwZnvi
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v MÖš’wUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1970 L„. Bmjvgx mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª XvKv †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq|5 1980 L„. Gi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ ms¯‹i‡Yi gy`ªK wQj
AvaywbK †cÖm, 15 wkwik `vm †jb, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| Gi g~j¨ wQj gvÎ 3 UvKv |6
G MÖš’wUi AvL¨vcÎ wQj wbgœiƒc-
ÔAvj dvwZnv
Aveyj nvwkg
Bmjvgx mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª XvKvÕ|
Bmjvgx mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª XvKv-Gi AvevwmK cwiPvjK Aa¨vcK Avãyj Mdzi G
Abyev` I e¨vL¨v MÖš’wUi 2q ms¯‹i‡Yi f~wgKv wj‡L‡Qb| D‡jøL¨ †h, 1961 L„. BmjvwgK
GKv‡Wgx cwÎKvi 1g el© 3q msL¨vq Ges 1962 L„. 1g el© 4_© msL¨vq Avj-dvwZnv
bv‡g Av‡jvP¨ MÖ‡š’i m~iv dvwZnvi Abyev` I we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vwU me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ
n‡qwQj| D³ MÖ‡š’ Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv I m~iv dvwZnvi g~j Aviexmn e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| AZci GKwU gyLeÜ wjwce× c~e©K 1,2 I 3 µgavivq 7wU Avqv‡Zi we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨vi AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cwi‡k‡l mvjv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc m¤^wjZ GKwU cwiwkó I
ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q|7 Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ MÖš’wU evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ms‡hvRb|
b~iæj Bmjvg
Rbve b~iæj Bmjvg Gg.G cweÎ KziAv‡bi wKQy Ask e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e Zuvi Ab~w`Z I
e¨vL¨vZ Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ AvL¨vq GKwU MÖš’ cvIqv hvq| †Kv_vI D³ MÖ‡š’i cÖKvk Kvj
D‡jøL †bB|8
5. Aveyj nvwkg, Avj dvwZnv, XvKv: 1980, 2q ms¯‹iY, c„. Ôf~wgKv `ªóe¨
6. cÖv¸³, c„. AL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
8. cÖv¸³
Z‡e D³ MÖ‡š’i g~j¨ I cÖvwß¯’vb †_‡K GUv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, GUv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv
c~e©Kv‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi †Kvb AvL¨vcÎ †bB| Z‡e cÖ”Q` c„ôvq GKwU
AvL¨vcÎ i‡q‡Q| cÖ”Q` c„ôvi AvL¨vcÎwU wbgœiƒc-
AZGe hZ`yi m¤¢e †Kvivb nB‡Z cvV Ki-Avj-†Kvivb
‡Kvivb kixd
g~j Aviex mn
mij e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi
1g cviv
(Avwjd-jvg gxg)
1g ms¯‹iY
byiæj Bmjvg Gg, G
KZ…©K
Ab~w`Z, msKwjZ I cÖKvwkZ
cÖvwß¯’vb: †kLcvov, ivRkvnx mì
ivRkvnx, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb|
me©¯^Ë¡ msiwÿZ
nvw`qv-1|
D³ Abyev‡` ÔcvVK e‡M©i cÖwZÕ AvL¨vq Abyev`‡Ki f~wgKv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h,
QvÎ Rxeb †_‡KB cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU weï× Abyev` Kivi AvKvOLv Zuvi g‡b
exRecb K‡iwQj|9 Avi G gnvb D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi Rb¨B wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev‡`
gk¸j nb| †jLK f~wgKv I m~Px QvovB cweÎ KziAv‡bi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡ib| m~ivZyj
dvwZnvi gva¨‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi G Abyev` I Zvdmxi Avi¤¢ n‡q‡Q| Aviex‡Z
Zvmwgqv, Wv‡b g~j Aviex Ges ev‡g e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AZci gvwR©‡bi wb‡P
wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi kvwãK we‡kølY c~e©K Zvdmxi †jLv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z evsjv I Aviex Dfq
fvlvq Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤î D‡jøL c~e©K Avqv‡Zi kvwãK we‡kølYmn e¨vL¨v Kivi †Póvv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi fvlv‡K mnR mij I cÖvÄj ejv hvq|
9. byiæj Bmjvg Ab~w`Z, †Kvivb kixd (Zv.we.), 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. cÖ”Q` c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv ÔcvVK e‡M©i
cÖwZ `ªóe¨
mì DÏxb Avng` wPkZx
mì DÏxb Avng` wPkZx XvKv †Rjvi †KivbxMÄ _vbvi PybKzwUqvi Awaevmx|
wZwb ÔZvdmx‡i †Kvivbyj KwigÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ m~ivi e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
1968 L„. XvKv †_‡K Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq| PzbKzwUqv Bgvwgqv wPkwZqv
msN, XvKv KZ…©K GwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| 460 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 160 UvKv|1
Av‡jvP¨ L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv, evivAvZ, Kvnd, dziKvb I Bqvwmb ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1987 L„.
XvKv †_‡K D³ Zvdmx‡ii wØZxq LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq| GLv‡b m~iv gyÏvm&wmi, wKqvgvn
ÔAvjv, RygyÔAv, gyjK, gvÔAvwiR, wRb, Z¡xb, kvgm, Bbwkivn, BLjvm, gviBqvg, dvRi,
jvBj, whjhvj, Avw`qvZ cÖf„wZ m~ivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 369 c„ôvi
GB LÐwUi g~j¨ 125 UvKv|2 1988 L„. XvKv †_‡K Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii Z…Zxq LÐ
cÖKvwkZ nq| 342 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ 150 UvKv|3 AvbKveyZ, mvd&dvZ, Avi-
ingvb, IqvwKqv,Avj-nv`x`, ZvwiK, whjhvj cÖf„wZ m~iv GLv‡b ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Dc‡iv³
AvL¨vq m~iv dvwZnv I evKvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi i¨vgb cvewjkvm©, XvKv KZ…©K
1995 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| 174 c„ôvi D³ cÖKvkbvwUi g~j¨ wQj 150 UvKv|4 Zuvi Ô‡Kvivb
`k©bÕ AvL¨vq 1g LÐ wn‡m‡e 2000 L„. AviI GKwU avivevwnK Abyev` I Zvdmxi
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| i¨vgb cvewjkvm©, XvKv GwUi cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖKvkK wQj| 402
c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ 275 UvKv| dvwZnv, evKviv, wbmv, AvbAvg, Avivd, Avbdvj I
evivAvZ cÖf„wZ m~iv G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Wv‡b g~j Aviex I ev‡g e½vbyev` AZci
mswkøó m~ivi AvqvZ wfwËK e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg
gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg ivRkvnx wefv‡Mi bv‡Uvi †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi
Rxeb Kvj m¤^‡Ü †Zgb †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Z_¨-DcvË¡ cvIqv hvq bv|5 Zuvi ÔZdmx‡i
dvZûj gvRx`Õ bv‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨vi mÜvb cvIqv hvq|
2. cÖv¸³
4. cÖv¸³
5. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`,cÖv¸³, c„. 470
G Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1988 L„. b‡f¤î gv‡m XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|
ivRkvnxi Avãyj Kvdx gynv¤§` KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq bv‡Uvi †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 89 †hvMxbMi
†ivW, Iqvix, XvKv- 1203 †_‡K GwU gyw`ªZ nq| 330 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi wewbgq g~j¨
80 UvKv|3 wZwb G Zvdmxi iPbvq †hme MÖ‡š’i mn‡hvwMZv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨
Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, gvÔAv‡idzj KyiAvb, Zvdmx‡i Beb Kvmxi, dvZÐj Kv`xi,
mvdIqvZzZ Zvdvmxi I dx whjvwjj †KviAvb cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gi AvL¨vcÎwU
wbgœiƒc4-
Zvdmx‡i
dvZûj gvRx`
cÖ_g LÐ
(m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K Avj evKvivi 286 AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg
wZwb cieZx©‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi evKx As‡ki Abyev` I e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb wKbv ev
Ki‡jI Zv LÐ AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq
wb| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡i cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, AeZx‡Y©i ¯’vb, AvqvZ I iæKzi msL¨v evsjvq
Ges Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv I Gi e½vbyev`, Zvi wb‡P g~j Aviex, Zvi wb‡P Avqv‡Zi
e½vbyev`, AZci mswÿß Zvdmxi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq
cvÙxKvI ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU m~ivi Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi c~‡e© mswkøó¨ m~ivi
bvgKiY, we‡klZ¡, dwhjZ cÖf„wZi Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi D³ Zvdmx‡ii
êwkó¨ nj g~j Aviexi ci wZwb cÖwZwU k‡ãi A_© Ges c‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi
kvwãK A_© cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zuvi ZvdmxiwUi e¨vL¨v‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨
wbf©i‡hvM¨ nv`x‡mi D×„wZI eënvi K‡i‡Qb| mij M‡`¨ Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ G
Zvdmx‡ii fvlv‡K AwaKZi †evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨ wZwb gv‡S gv‡S eÜbxi g‡a¨ wKQy
AwZwi³ kãI eënvi K‡i‡Qb| Zvui G MÖš’wU cvVK mgv‡R †gvUvgywU mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q|
3. gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg, Zvdmxi dvZûj gvRx`, XvKv: 1988, 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi
cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
4. cÖv¸³, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôv `ªóe¨
gvIjvbv ‡gv: kvgmyj nK (‡`ŠjZcyix)
gvIjvbv †gv: kvgmyj nK †`ŠjZcyix 1939 L„. evsjv‡`‡ki we. evwoqv †Rjvi
bvwmi bMi _vbvi AšÍM©Z c~e© MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg wQj wgqvR Avjx|1
cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡k Rbve kvgmyj nK †`ŠjZcyix cvVkvjv I gKZ‡ei †jLvcov †kl
K‡i ¯’vbxq gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b Aviex, D`y©, dvm©x I evsjv Aa¨qb K‡ib|
Aa¨qbiZ Ae¯’vq Zvui wcZv BwšÍKvj Ki‡j wcZvgn Avãyyj Mbxi ZË¡veav‡b wZwb
†jLvcov K‡ib| MÖv‡gi gvìvmvq †jLvcov †kl K‡i wZwb XvKvi †nvmvBwbqv Avkivdzj
Djyg gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q `vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi mb` AR©b K‡ib| AZci D”P wkÿvi Rb¨
wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cvÄv‡ei cÖwm× cÖwZôvb LvBiæj gv`v‡im G fwZ© nb Ges KziAvb I
nv`x‡mi Dci D”P wkÿvi mb` AR©b K‡ib| miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z Avwjqv gvìvmv n‡ZI
wZwb gygZvRyj dzKvnvi mb` AR©b K‡ib|2
gvIjvbv ‡gv: kvgmyj nK (‡`ŠjZcyix) wkÿKZvi gva¨‡g ¯^xq Kg©Rxeb Avi¤¢ K‡ib|
wZwb †`‡ki wewfbœ KIgx wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b wkÿKZv K‡ib| wkÿKZvi cvkvcvwk wZwb
mvwnZ¨ Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| ÔZvdmx‡i AvnKvgyj KziAvbÕ bv‡g KziAvb †_‡K wbe©vwPZ
KwZcq Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v cweÎ KziAvbx mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi we‡kl Kg©| Z‡e GB
Zvdmxi Kg©wU cweÎ KziAv‡bi †Kvb avivevwnK Abyev` I Zvdmxi bq; eis ‡gvjøv
wRDb (i.) Gi ÔAvZ& ZvdmxivZ Avj Avngw`qvÕi Abymi‡b KziAv‡bi wewa-weav‡bi
cuvPkZ Avqv‡Zi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v| KziAv‡bi wbe©vwPZ Avqv‡Zi D³ ZvdmxiwUi cÖ_g

ms¯‹iY 1993 L„. A‡±vei gv‡m XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ Zvdmx‡ii cÖKvkK
wQ‡jb Avjnv¾ G.†K Kvgiæj evix, 7 bs Avgvwbqvb ÷ªxU, Avg©vbx‡Uvjv, XvKv| K¬vwmK
wcÖ›Uvm©, 40-41 evsjv evRvi XvKv KZ…©K GwU gyw`ªZ n‡qwQj| 423 c„ôvi D³
ZvdmxiwUi g~j¨ nj 150 UvKv|
1. gvIjvbv mvgmyj nK †`ŠjZcyix, ÔZvdmx‡i AvnKvgyj KziAvbÕ, XvKv: 1993 L„. 1g ms¯‹iY
c„. †jLK cwiwPwZ c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cÖv¸³
G ZvdmxiwUi AvL¨vcÎ wbgœiƒc-3
Zvdmx‡i AvnKvgyj KziAvb
gvIjvbv †gv: kvgmyj nK †`ŠjZcyix
gynvwÏm, Avj-gv`ªvmv Avj-gv`vwbqv Avj Avivweqv wgicyi-12, XvKv-1221
g`xbv kixd cviwdDgvix nvDR
7bs Avg©vwbqvb ÷ªxU
Avg©vbx‡Uvjv, XvKv|
gvwmK g`xbvq G ZvdmxwUi wKQy Ask cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| gvwmK g`xbvi m¤úv`K
gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb Luvb D³ Zvdmx‡ii fvlv‡K Ô¯^”Q, mvejxj Ges g~‡ji mv‡_
mvgÄm¨c~Y© e‡j AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|4 D³ Zvdmx‡ii Abyev` I e¨vL¨vq Abyev`K †h
me gbxwli wewfbœ e½vbyevw`Z KyiAv‡bi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ‡gvjøv wRD‡bi
AvZ& ZvdmxivZ Avj Avng`xqv, gydZx gynv¤§` kdxÕi gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvb, gvIjvbv
Avkivd Avjx _vbfxi eqvbyj KziAvb cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G †ÿ‡Î wZwb wdK&‡ni †h
mg¯Í cÖvgvY¨ MÖ‡š’i mn‡hvwMZv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ Ô`yi‡i gyLZviÕ I Ôwn`vqvÕ cÖf„wZ
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zuvi G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq GKwU Ag~j¨
ms‡hvRb|

4. cÖv¸³, c„. AwfgZ c„ôv `ªóe¨
evsjv fvlvq UxKv wfwËK Zvdmxi PP©v

‡h mKj gbxlx evsjv fvlvq UxKv-wUàbx wfwËK Zvdmxi PP©v K‡i‡Qb wb‡æ Zuv‡ì
mswÿß Rxebx I Zuv‡ì iwPZ MÖš’vejx m¤ú‡K© bvwZ`xN© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj|
wMwik P›`ª †mb
eªvþa‡g©i be weavb gÐjxi ag© cÖPviK wMwik P›`ª †mb 1881 L„. 12 wW‡m¤î
n‡Z 1885 L„. 30 RyjvB ch©šÍ `xN© Pvi eQi mg‡q XxKv-wUàbx mn cweÎ KyiAv‡bi
e½vbyev` cÖKvk K‡ib|1 GwU cweÎ KziAv‡bi me© cÖ_g c~Y©v½ e½vbyev`|2 wMwik P›`ª
†mb evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb biwms`x †Rjvi cvuP‡`vbv MÖv‡g 1835 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|3
wZwb Zvui wcZv gvae ivq I biwms`x †Rjvi gyÝx K…ò iv‡qi wbKU cÖv_wgK wkÿv I
dvmx© fvlv wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|4 AZci wZwb ¯’vbxq we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡q ms¯‹…Z fvlv wkÿv
K‡ib|5 wZwb wKQyw`b gqgbwms‡ni †Rjv ‡gwR‡÷ªU Awd‡m bKj bex‡ki KvR
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges K‡qK eQi nvwW©Ä ¯‹zjmn gqgbwms‡ni †Rjv ¯‹zj I Zvui cÖwZwôZ
gwnjv we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv K‡i‡Qb|6 wZwb 1876 L„. fvi‡Zi jvLbyi gvIjvbv Bnmvb
Avjxi7 wbKU Aviex fvlv I e¨vKiY wkÿvi ci XvKvÕi gvIjvbv Avjxg DÏx‡bi wbKU
Aviex, BwZnvm, mvwnZ¨, KziAvb I Zvdmx‡ii wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|8 AZci Zvui ag©¸iæ
eªvþb›` †Kke P‡›`ªi wb‡`©‡k cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` ïiæ K‡ib|9 wKš‘ evsjv,
ms¯‹…Z, D`y© I dvmx© fvlvq Zuvi hZUzKz ey¨rcwË wQj Aviex‡Z ZZUv cvi`wk©Zv bv _vKvq
wZwb KziAv‡bi Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbx wjL‡b †gvjøv Kvgvj DÏxb Iqv‡qR Kvwkdxi
Zvdmx‡i †nvmvBbx, kvn Ave`yj Kv‡ì I kvn ivdx DÏxb KZ©„K Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi
mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|10
1. Avjx Avng`, evsjv gymwjg MÖš’cÄx, cÖv¸³, 1g ms, c„. 381
3. m¤úv`bv cwil`, cÖv¸³, 10g LÐ, c„. 271
5. kªxgZx Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq, Ô‡gŠjfx fvB wMwik P›`ª †mbÕ, wMwik P›`ª †mb KZ©„K (Ab~w`Z) †KviAvb
kixd, nid cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv: 1979, c„. 15
6. W. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nvmvBb, K‡qKwU Rxeb, (Aaybvjyß we,Gb, Avi, XvKv), fvB wMixk P›`ª ‡mb
(cÖeÜ), c„. 82
8. gybkx †kL RgxiæÏxb, wMixk evey: Bmjvg cÖPviK, 1901 mvj, b‡f¤î-wW‡m¤î msL¨v, 1907 mv‡ji
Rvbyqvix gv‡m KjKvZvq cÖKvwkZ ÔwMixk eveyi AvZ¥RxebxÕ `ªóe¨
9. kªxgZx Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq, cÖv¸³, c„. 16
Zvui Ab~w`Z MÖš’wUi cÖ_g LÐ kªx ZvwiYx PiY wek¦vm KZ©„K †kicyi Pviæ h‡š¿ gyw`ªZ n‡q
1881 L„. 12 wW‡m¤î cÖKvwkZ nq11 Ges D³ Zvwi‡LB GwU †iwR÷ªvi Ae
cvewj‡Kk‡Ý Rgv †`qv nq12 Avi 2q LÐ †_‡K cweÎ KziAv‡bi †kl ch©šÍ evKx me
¸‡jv LÐ kªx ivg me©¯^ fÆvPv‡h©i weavb hš¿ †_‡K gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ nq|13
1881 L„. †_‡K 1883 L„. ch©šÍ cweÎ KziAv‡bi GK Z…Zxqvsk †gvU 12 L‡Ð
cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv ZvIev ch©šÍ †gvU 9wU m~iv AšÍf~©³ nq|
Abyev` MÖš’wUi Øv`k L‡Ði AvL¨v c‡Î ÔcÖ_g fvMÕ K_vwU gyw`ªZ nIqvq eySv hvq †h,
Abyev`K KziAv‡bi m¤ú~Y© Abyev‡ì cÖ_g GK Z…Zxqvsk‡K ÔcÖ_g fvMÕ wn‡m‡e
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|14 1883 L„. †_‡K 1884 L„. †g gvm ch©šÍ D³ Abyev‡ì ÔwØZxq
fvMÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z m~iv BDbym †_‡K m~iv Avb bvgj ch©šÍ ‡gvU 18wU m~iv ¯’vb
cvq|15 Z…Zxq fv‡Mi AbyevÌ ¯^Zš¿ LÐvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| Z‡e Gi Z…Zxq LÐ †_‡K
Øv`k LÐ ch©šÍ cÖwZ `yÕLÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ nq Ges Gi me©‡kl (GKv`k I Øv`k) LÐwU
GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ nq 1885 L„. 30 RyjvB|16 Gi Z…Zxq fv‡M m~iv Kvmvm †_‡K m~iv bvm
ch©šÍ 87 wU m~iv ¯’vb cvq| cÖwZwU fv‡M 12 LÐ wn‡m‡e †gvU L‡Ði msL¨v `vovq 36
wU| Z‡e Z…Zxq fv‡Mi Z…Zxq LÐ †_‡K Øv`k LÐ ch©šÍ cÖwZ `yÕLÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ
nIqvq †gvU LÐ msL¨v `vovq 29 wU|17
wMwik P›`ª †m‡bi Abyev` A‡bKUv AvÿwiK ch©v‡qi|18 Zvui Abyev‡ì fvlv
†gvUvgywU cÖvÄj| Z‡e ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi cÖfveI Kg bq| Abyev‡ì cÖ_g fv‡Mi LÐ¸‡jv‡Z
wKQyUv gy`ªYcÖgv` jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| Aek¨ wZwb Abyev‡ì cieZx© LÐ¸‡jv cÖKv‡ki mgq G
åvwšÍ¸‡jvi ïw×cÎ Qvwc‡q MÖvnK‡ì wbKU webvg~‡j¨ weZiY K‡i‡Qb| Zvui Ab~w`Z MÖš’
†_‡K m~iv KvDmv‡ii e½vbyev`wU wb‡æ bgybv wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aiv nj-
11. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 381-382

12. †gvdvLLvi Ð‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 35
13. cÖv¸³
14. W. Ave`yj I`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 127
15. cÖv¸³
17. W. Ave`yj I`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 127
m~iv KImi
(g°v‡Z AeZxY©)
AóvwaKkZZg Aa¨vq
3 AvqvZ, 1g iæKz
`vZv `qvjy ci‡gk¦‡ii bv‡g cÖe„Z nB‡ZwQ
wbðq †Zvgv‡K Avwg KImi `vb KwiqvwQ|19 1 AšÍi Zzwg Avcb cÖwZcvj‡Ki Rb¨ bvgvh co I Dóª
ewj`vb Ki 2 wbðq †Zvgvi †h kÎæ †m wbtmšÍvb nq 3 (i 1; Av-3)20
wMwik P›`ª †mb Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi e¨vcv‡i wewfbœ gbxlx wewfbœ iKg
gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb-
 KjKvZvi ÔnidÕ cÖKvkbxi gvwjK Avãyj Avhxh Avj Avgvb e‡jb-ÒG ai‡bi Zvdmxi
Avwg BwZ c~‡e© cvV Kwiwb|Ó21
 gvIjvbv AvKivg Lvu e‡jb- ÒG Abyev` Kg©wU RM‡Zi Aóg Avðh©|Ó22
 gvIjvbv AvwjgywÏb e‡jb- ÒG Abyev`wU kvn Avãyj Kv‡`‡ii D`~© Abyev` I Zdmxi
†nv‡mbxi Abyiƒc|Ó23
 ‡gŠjfx Avd&Zve DÏxb G Abyev`‡K ÒAwZ DrK…ó, cÖvÄj I GKwU Dcv‡`q c`v_©Ó24 e‡j
gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb|
 wMwik P›`ª †m‡bi hy‡Mi wkÿv_x© Avng`yjøvn, Ave`yj Avjv I Ave`yj AvRxR cÖgyL
Zvui G Abyev`‡K ÒD`vi, Avbyc~we©K, cÖK…Z Abyev`Ó25 e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
 gvIjvbv Aveyj †gvRvd&di Avãyjøvn e‡jb- ÒGB Abyev` Avgvi we‡ePbvq AwZ DËg I
ï× iƒ‡c UxKvmn nBqv‡Q|Ó26
wMwik P›`ª †m‡bi G Abyev‡ì cÖksmv †hgb A‡b‡K K‡i‡Qb ‡Zgwb weiƒc
mgv‡jvPbvI K‡i‡Qb A‡b‡K| XvKvi †Nvovkv‡ji wgqv dRjyi ingvb ÔAvLev‡i
BmjvgxqvÕ cwÎKvq wMwik P‡›`ªi Abyev‡ì Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i †h AwfgZ e¨³
K‡i‡Qb Zvi mvi ms‡ÿc nj-
19. GLv‡b GKwU UxKv ms‡hvwRZ Av‡Q
20. wMwik P›`ª †mb KZ©„K Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, cÖv¸³, c„. 680
21. cÖv¸³, cÖKvk‡Ki wb‡e`b `ªóe¨

23. wMwik P›`ª †mb KZ©„K Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, cÖv¸³, †k‡l gyw`ªZ ÔAwfb›`b cÎÕ `ªóe¨
24. cÖv¸³
25. cÖv¸³
26. cÖv¸³
Ô(G Abyev`) wbZvšÍ Am¤úbœ, A¯úó I Aweï×| m¤ú~Y© †KviAvb wKsev †Kvb
GKwU m~ivi Av‡`¨vcvšÍ cvV bv K‡i Ges Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K© c~Y© Ávb I wek¦vm AR©b bv
K‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev` Kv‡h© n¯Í‡ÿc K‡i wZwb wbZvšÍB AÁvb, a„óZv, ag©MÖ‡š’i
Aegvbbv I AbwaKvi PP©v K‡i‡Qb| Zvui G Abyev‡` KziAv‡bi g~jfv‡ei ewntcÖKvk
N‡Uwb|Õ27
fvi‡Zi KjKvZv gvìvmvi ¯^bvg ab¨ QvÎ I wewkó Avwjg gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
iæÐj Avwgb Zvui Ab~w`Z Avgcvivi cÖwZwU m~ivq wMwik P›`ª ‡m‡bi Abyev‡ì fzj-åvwšÍ
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wZwb GK ¯’v‡b wMwik P›`ª †mb KZ…©K Aviex ÔBqvZxgÕ k‡ãi evsjv
cÖwZkã ÔwbivkªqÕ Abyev`‡KI fyj e‡j‡Qb|28 wMwikP›`ª †mb wQ‡jb eªvþa‡g©i be
weavb kvLvi Abymvix| Zvui D‡Ïk¨ wQj me©a‡gi mgš^q mvab| ZvB wZwb KziAv‡bi
Abyev‡` Zvui ag©gZ cÖwZdj‡bi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| wZwb m~iv ûgvhvi
7-9 bs Avqv‡Zi UxKvq biK m¤^‡Ü gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb- ÒGB m~iv‡Z biK †h evwn‡i
bq, AšÍ‡i, BnvB cwie¨³ nBqv‡Q|Ó29 evþ a‡g©i Abymvixiv †e‡n¯Í-†`vR‡Li evn¨ Aw¯ÍZ¡B
¯^xKvi K‡i bv| Zviv ¯^M©-biK‡K cÖwZKx A‡_© eënvi K‡i, hv Bmjvg a‡g©i cwicš’x|
wMwik P›`ª †mb Zvui wjLwb‡Z wReivBj (Av.) I kqZv‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡‡KI A¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb-
ÒBmjvg a‡g© kqZvb m¤^‡Ü g~jZ ¯úó GB cÖZxwZ nq †h, Zvnv Kz cÖe„wË gvÎ, AšÍ‡i‡Z
Zvnvi cÖKvk| Z‡e KLbI KLbI Bmjvg ag©vej¤^x †jv‡Kiv kqZvb‡K evwn‡i AvKvi iƒ‡c
`k©b Kwiqv‡Qb| wRweªj‡KI evwn‡i `k©b Kiv m¤^‡Ü GB e¨vL¨v LvwU‡Z cv‡i, cweÎ AvZ¥v
iƒ‡c AšÍ‡i Ck¦‡ii cÖKvkB ev¯ÍweK wRweªj| †KviAv‡bI GB K_vi cÖwZ‡cvlK AvqvZ mKj
Av‡Q| Z‡e †Kn †Kn A`„óc~e© †Kvb †Kvb †ZR¯^x c~Y©evb cyiæl‡K AK¯§vr †`wLqv I Zvnvi
gy‡L c~Y¨ K_v kªeY Kwiqv Zvu‡K wRweªj g‡b Kwi‡Z cv‡i|Ó30
‡h †Kvb wel‡qi h_vh_ Abyev‡ì Rb¨ mswkøó fvlvi kã, evMaviv, cÖev`-cÖePb
I iPbv ˆkjx m¤^‡Ü Abyev`‡Ki mg¨K Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j fvlv
Aviex‡Z wMwik P›`ª †m‡bi cy‡ivcywi `ÿZv bv _vKvq wZwb A‡bK ¯’v‡b KziAv‡bi g~j
fv‡ei g‡gv©ÑvUb Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| Z‡e Aviex fvlvq Zvui †gvUvgywU `ÿZv _vKvq
KziAv‡bi Abyev` Kiv Zvui c‡ÿ mnR n‡qwQj|
27. AvLev‡i Bmjvwgqv (5:10, gvN-1295), c„. 144-145

29. wMwik P›`ª †mb KZ©„K Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, cÖv¸³, c„. 678
Zvui G Abyev`K‡g©i mvwnwZ¨K g~j¨ ¯^xK…Z n‡jI Abyev‡ì weï×Zv I wek¦¯ÍZv
wb‡q cÖkœ _vKv ¯^vfvweK| †Kbbv wZwb †h gnvMÖ‡š’i Abyev` K‡i‡Qb †m MÖ‡š’i Dci Zvui
wek¦vm I wbf©iZv wQj k~‡bï †KvUvq| Z‡e Zvui G Abyev`Kg© evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK
Ag~j¨ ms‡hvRb| B‡Zvc~‡e© cweÎ KziAv‡bi ‡h mg¯Í Abyev` n‡qwQj †m¸‡jv wQj LwÐZ
I Kve¨vbyev`| evsjv fvlvq wZwbB n‡jb cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g c~Y©v½ e½vbyev`K I
UxKvKvi| Zvui G Kg©‡K AbymiY K‡i cieZx©‡Z A‡b‡KB G gnvb Kv‡R Ask MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| evsjv fvlvfvlx mKj gvbyl Zvui G Abe`¨ Ae`vb‡K wPiw`b kª×vf‡i ¯§iY
Ki‡e|
kªx wdwjc wek¦vm
kªx wdwjc wek¦vm wQ‡jb e„wUk fvi‡Zi Awaevmx GKRb Lªxóvb e¨w³| wZwb cweÎ
KziAvb kix‡di wKQy msL¨K Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` I mswÿß e¨vL¨v K‡i Ô‡KvivbÕ bv‡g
GKwU msKjb †ei K‡ib|31 Zvui RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb wKQy cvIqv hvq bv| wb‡gœ
Zvui wjwLZ Ô‡KvivbÕ MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv nj|
‡Kvivb
kÖx wdwjc wek¦vm KZ©„K e¨vL¨vZ Ô‡KvivbÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi msKjbwU cweÎ KziAv‡bi
avivevwnK Abyev` MÖš’ bq eis L„óag© cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ D³ ag© m¤úwK©Z wKQy Avqv‡Zi
e½vbyev` gvÎ| G‡Z wZwb UxKv-wUàbxI ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb|32 MÖš’wU webv g~‡j¨ weZiY
Kiv nZ| Zvui Abyevw`Z KziAv‡bi cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU 1891 L„. KjKvZvi Lªxwóqvb
fv‡Y©wKDjvi †mvmvBwU KZ©„K †PŠisMx †ivW, 23 bs feb n‡Z cÖKvwkZ nq|33 Zvui
Abyevw`Z KziAv‡bi AvL¨v cÎwU wQj wbgœiƒc:
Koran ‡Kvivb
kªx wdwjc wek¦vm KZ©„K msKwjZ|
Lªxwóqvb fv‡Y©wKDjvi GWy‡Kkb †mvmvBwUi h‡Zœ
‡PŠisMx †ivW 23 bs feb nB‡Z cÖKvwkZ
cÖ_g gy`ªvsKY
KjKvZv
19 bs KwjsMv dv÷©‡jb nviwKDwjm †cÖ‡m
kªx fviZ P›`ª PµeZx© Øviv 1891 L„. gyw`ªZ|
31. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v, 1968, c„. 57

32. cÖv¸³
33. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 101; G,Gm, Gg AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix msKwjZ, gIjvbv b~i
gynv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1985, 1g ms, c„. 259
Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ G MÖš’wU welqe¯‘i Av‡jv‡K `kwU Aa¨v‡q wef³ wQj|34 G MÖ‡š’i
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v mg~n wQj LyeB AvcwËRbK| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ cweÎ KziAvb I Bmjvg
ag©‡K †nq KivB wQj Zvui G K‡g©i g~j jÿ¨| wb‡gœ Zvui e¨vL¨vZ MÖ‡š’i Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
n‡Z m~iv Av‡j-Bgiv‡bi wKq`s‡ki Abyev` bgybv wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aiwQ-
ÒZ…Zxq Aa¨vq 2c`- m~iv Avj Bgivb-2 AvqvZ| h_v †mB ci‡gk¦i, wZwb e¨ZxZ Dcvm¨
bvB; wZwb Agi I wPi¯’vqx| wZwb †Zvgvi cÖwZ (†n gyn¤§`) mZ¨ MÖš’ AeZiY Kwiqv‡Qb|
Bnvi c~e©eZx© (ag©MÖ‡š’i) mZ¨Zvi cÖwZcv`K| wZwb c~e© nB‡Z gvbeRvwZi c_ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨
†ZŠivZ I BwÄj AeZviY Kwiqv‡Qb, Ges KziAvb †cÖiY Kwiqv‡Qb| hvnviv Hk¦wiK wb`k©b
(A_ev cÖZ¨v`k) Ae‡njv K‡i, Zvnviv fqvbK kvw¯Í cvB‡e; Ck¦i me© kw³gvb I cÖwZdj
`vZv|Ó35
Zvui G Abyev‡` ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi cÖfve _vK‡jI fvlv wQj AZ¨šÍ mnR| Zvui
MÖš’Lvwbi UxKv-wUàbxi wewfbœ gšÍe¨ AvcwËRbK nIqvq ZrKvjxb gymjgvbMY Zxeª
cÖwZev` Rvbvb| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z e„wUk miKvi Zvui MÖš’wU ev‡Rqvß K‡ib|36 Avi
Gfv‡eB Zvui MÖš’Lvbv wejyß n‡q hvq|
‡gvnv¤§` AveevQ Avjx

gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb †gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjx 1859 L„. 24 ciMbv †Rjvi ewki
nvU gnKzgvi PÐxcyi MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rš§ MÖnY K‡ib|37 wZwb †QvÆ
eq‡m MÖvg¨ cvVkvjvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv jv‡fi ci wcZ…e¨ gbxiæÏx‡bi wbKU Aviex, dvmx©
I D`y© fvlv wk‡Lb Ges Uv½vB‡ji †`j`yqv‡ii Rwg`vi evoxi gvìvmvq gvIjvbv Avãyi
ingvb Kv›`vnvixi Kv‡Q KziAvb, nv`xm I Zvdmxi wel‡q cÖvq 15 eQi D”PZi Ávb
jvf K‡ib|38 wkÿvRxeb mgvc‡bi ci wZwb D³ gv`&ivmvq AZci wbR MÖvg PÐxcy‡i
gvìvmvq wkÿKZv K‡ib| GØxwb †L`g‡Z _vKvKvjxb wZwb evsjv fvlvq Bmjvg ag©
welqK Ôgnig DrmeÕ, ÔgvQv-G‡j RiæwiqvÕ I Ògywd`yj AvnbvdÓ mn cÖvq `‡kva© MÖš’
iPbv K‡ib|39 gvIjvbv AveŸvQ Avjx Bmjvgx MÖš’vejx iPbvi cvkvcvwk evsjv fvlx
gymjgvb‡ì †evaMg¨ mnR-mij evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU c~Y©v½ Abyev‡ì
cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI Lye †ekx Abyfe KiwQ‡jb|
34. cÖv¸³
35. Ave`yj Kvwì, ÔKziAvb gvRx‡ì evsjv Abyev`Õ BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx cwÎKv, 1g el©, 1g msL¨v,
1961, c„. 121
36. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„.104
ZL‡bv evsjv fvlvq KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½ e½vbyev` iwPZ nqwb| Avi gvIjvbv bCg
DÏx‡bi Abyev` Kvh©µgI ZLb PjwQj| G mg‡qB wZwb KziAv‡bi e½vbyev‡`
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i 5 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ (1905-1909) cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU c~Y©v½ e½vbyev`
cÖKv‡k mÿg nb|40 gvIjvbv AveŸvQ Avjx (R. 1859) kvn iwdDÏxb †`njfx
(1749-1833)Õi D`y© ZiRgvK…Z KziAv‡bi AbymiY K‡i Ô‡KvivY kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` K‡ib|41 Zvui Ab~w`Z Ô‡KvivY kixdÕ G Aviex Avqv‡Zi bx‡P
D`y© ZiRgv, Zvi bx‡P e½vbyev` Ges eW©v‡ii `yÕcv‡k gvIjvbv evei Avjx (1847-
1947) KZ©„K e¨vL¨vZ I ms‡kvwaZ UxKv-wUàbx ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv evei Avjx
UxKv-wUàbx wjL‡b Zvdmx‡i Kvexi, Kvkkvd, dvZûj Kv`xi, `yiiæj gvbm~i cÖf„wZ
cÖvgvY¨ Zvdmxi I cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’vw` †_‡K mn‡hvwMZv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| UxKvi †k‡l
wZwb G mKj MÖ‡š’i cy‡ivbvg bv wj‡L mvs‡KwZK wPý eënvi K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Zvdmx‡i
Avwem mvD‡` ÔAvÕ Zvdmx‡i Kvex‡i ÔKÕ BZ¨vw` ms‡KZ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|42
wZwbB me©cÖ_g D`~© Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` K‡ib|43 24 ciMbv †Rjvi
PÐxcy‡i ZvuwZ evMv‡bi 1bs ûK †j‡b Avn‡j nv`xm m¤cÖ`vqfz³ nvRx Avãyjøvn (1840-
1920) bvgK GK we‡`¨vrmvnxi GKwU †cÖm wQj| gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjx D³
†cÖ‡m gy`ªvK‡ii KvR Ki‡Zb| G †cÖ‡m ÔgvwmK †gvnv¤§`xÕ gy`ªYKv‡j gvIjvbv AvKivg
Lvui mv‡_ Zvui cwiPq N‡U Ges ch©vqµ‡g Zvui mv‡_ ü`¨Zv R‡g DV‡j Df‡q cweÎ
KziAv‡bi cÖ_g w`K †_‡K †hŠ_fv‡e Abyev` m¤úv`‡bi wm×všÍ †bb| d‡j 1905 L„.
cÖKvwkZ Zvui Abyev‡ì cÖ_g L‡Ði AvL¨vc‡Î gvIjvbv AvKivg Lvui bvg cÖ_g Abyev`K
wn‡m‡e gyw`ªZ nq|44 G LÐwU †iwRwóªvi Ae cvewj‡Kk‡Ý Rgv †`qv nq 1905 L„. 17
AvMó|45 gvIjvbv AveÿvQ Avjxi GKK Abyev` 2q LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq 1906 L„.| wØZxq
LÐ cÖKv‡ki eQivwaKKvj ci Zvui Abyev‡ì Z…Zxq LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq|

42. cÖv¸³, c„. 152

45. cÖv¸³
GwU †iwR÷ªvi Ae-cvewj‡Kk‡Ý 1907 L„. `vwLj Kiv nq|46 †iwR÷ªvi Awd‡m RgvK…Z
D³ wZb L‡Ði AvL¨v wQj ÔKziAvb kixdÕ|47 G fv‡e Ae¨vnZ MwZ‡Z Zvui Abyev` Kg©
Pj‡Z _vKvq wZwb 1905 L„. †_‡K 1907 L„. ch©šÍ cÖ_g †_‡K mßg cvivi Abyev` I
cÖKvkbv m¤úbœ K‡ib|48 AZci 8g †_‡K 30Zg cviv ch©šÍ Abyev` 1907 L„. †_‡K
1908 L„. g‡a¨ gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ nq|49 wb‡æ Zvui Ab~w`Z KziAvb n‡Z m~iv dvwZnvi
Abyev`wU bgybv wn‡m‡e †ck KiwQ-
Ò(`vZv I `qvjy Avjøvni bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kwi‡ZwQ|)
cÖksmv gvÎB Avjøvn Zvqvjvi (Dchy³) whwb mg¯Í RM‡Zi cÖwZcvjK| whwb `vZv I `qvjy (Ges)
†kl wePv‡ii (†Kqvg‡Zi) w`‡bi KZ©v| cÖfz! Avgiv †ZvgviB cyRv Kwi‡ZwQ Ges †ZvgviB wbKU
mvnvh¨ PvB‡ZwQ| Avgvw`M‡K †mvRv c‡_ (A_©¨vr) hvnvw`M‡K AbyMÖn KwiqvQ Zvnvw`‡Mi c‡_
PvjvI| hvnv‡ì cÖwZ ivM nBqvQ Ges hvnviv myc_ nviv Zvnvw`‡Mi c_ e¨ZxZ|Ó50
G Abyev` MÖ‡š’i UxKvKvi gvIjvbv evei Avjx 1874 L„. 24 ciMbv †Rjvi
RqbM‡ii evBknvUv MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib|51 Rxe‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K wZwb nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei
Abymvix wQ‡jb| cieZx©‡Z Avn‡j nv`xm gZev‡` `xwÿZ nb|52 wZwb gvwmK Avn‡j
nv`xm cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|53 G cwÎKvwU cieZx©Kv‡j mvßvwnK AvKv‡i †ei nq|
D³ cwÎKvq Zvui K…Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv| wZwb 1946
L„. ¯^-MÖv‡g BwšÍKvj K‡ib|54 gvIjvbv AveŸvQ Avjx I gvIjvbv evei Avjxi KZ©„K
†hŠ_fv‡e cÖYxZ G Zvdmxi MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb e‡jb-
ÒZvui ZiRgvi fvlv g~‡ji Abymvix Ges mnR-mij I AvKl©Yxq| Abyiƒcfv‡e gvIjvbv
evei Avjx mv‡n‡ei mn‡hvwMZvq GB Abyev‡ì PZz®úv‡k¦© †h me evsjv UxKv-wUàbx
ms‡hvwRZ n‡qwQj Zvui fvlvI mnR mij I cÖvÄj|Ó55
143. cÖv¸³
144. cÖv¸³, c„. 67
145. cÖv¸³
146. cÖv¸³, c„. 68
147. Gm,Gg, AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix msKwjZ, gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx, cÖv¸³, c„. 250
149. cÖv¸³
150. cÖv¸³, c„. 71
151. cÖv¸³

Zuvi G MÖš’wU wesk kZvãxi Pwjøk `kK ch©šÍ cÖvq N‡i N‡i cwVZ n‡Zv|153
cieZx©‡Z AviI DËg evsjv Zvdmxi MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nIqvq cvVK mgv‡R Gi Pvwn`v ax‡i
ax‡i K‡g hvq|
†ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wm¨vK
†ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wm¨vK 1861 L„. A‡÷ªwjqvq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib|154 wZwb
ÔA‡÷ªwjqv e¨vcwU÷ wgkbvix †mvmvBwUÕ Gi m`m¨ wQ‡jb Ges D³ ms¯’vi G‡`kxq
cÖavb cÖPvi †K›`ª dwi`cy‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i Lªxóa‡g©i cÖPvi Kv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|155
G‡`‡k ¯^-ag© cÖPviKvjxb wZwb evsjv fvlv iß K‡i Bs‡iRx I evsjv‡Z KziAvb I
Bmjvg m¤úwK©Z KwZcq MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zš§‡a¨ Bmjv‡g KziAvb (1906), Zvnix‡d
KziAvb (1907), The Origin of the Quran (1907), The Quran in Islam (1912),
156
Tradition in Islam (1919) cÖf…wZ Zvui D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’|
G me MÖš’ iPbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev` I cvÙxKv wjLvqI
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvui GB mg¯Í cy¯ÍK-cyw¯ÍKv cÖYqb I KziAvb ZiRgvi wcQ‡b
Lªxóa‡g©i †kªôZ¡ cÖgvY Ges KziAvb‡K me©m¤§y‡L †nqcÖwZcbœ KivB wQj Zvui D‡Ïk¨|157
evsjvi Ab¨vb¨ Abyev`‡Ki c`v¼ AbymiY K‡i DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wm¨vKI LÐvKv‡i
KziAvb Abyev‡` eªZx nb| Zvui Abyev‡ì cÖ_g LÐ, cÖ_g cviv ÒAv. jv. wg. wmcvivÓ
bv‡g 1908 mv‡j L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|158 Zvui Ab~w`Z KziAv‡b cÖ_‡g Aviex AvqvZ, Zvi
bx‡P e½vbyev` AZtci gvRx©‡bi bx‡P cÖ‡qvRbxq UxKv-wUàbx ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvui
Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbxi fvlv mnR‡eva¨ n‡jI AwaKvsk ¯’v‡bB wZwb AZ¨šÍ AvcwËKi
gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| Bmjv‡gi wQ`ªv‡š^lYB Zvui KziAvb PP©vi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj|159 cweÎ
KziAv‡bi wewfbœ m~ivq Zvui weåvwšÍKi Abyev` I fv‡lï KwZcq bgybv wb¤œiƒc-

156. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, 175, 176
157. cÖv¸³, 176
158. .Gm.Gg AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 250
1| m~iv Avj Avb&dv‡j wZwb ÔAvbdvjÕ k‡ãi Abyev` K‡i‡Qb ÔjywÚZ `ªe¨Õ A_P Gi
cÖK…Z A_© n‡e Ôhy‡× cwiZ¨³ gvjvgvj ev hy× jä im` m¤¢viÕ BZ¨vw`| G m~ivi
cÖ_g Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq wZwb AZ¨šÍ Mwn©Z I AvcwËKi fvlvq e‡jb-
ÒBmjv‡gi BwZnvm cv‡V †`Lv hvq †h, gynv¤§` mv‡ne g`xbv bM‡i cjvqb Kwiqv c‡i wZwb
Avcb wkl¨w`M‡K jBqv PZzw`©‡K jyVcvU Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib|Ó160
2| m~iv Avj wKqvgvi 24 bs Avqv‡Zi UxKvq wZwb e‡jb- Ò‡Kvivb Am¤ú~Y©Zvq
cwic~Y©| djZt Bnv †h †Lv`v Zvjvi Kvjvg Zvnv †Kvb eyw×gvb e¨w³ wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv|Ó161
3| m~iv Av` `ynvi 7 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq wZwb e‡jb ÒGB ev‡K¨ R¡jšÍ fv‡e cÖgvwYZ
nBqv‡Q †h, gynv¤§` mv‡ne cvcx wQ‡jb|Ó162
G fv‡e wZwb ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q cweÎ KziAv‡bi weK…Z Abyev` I e¨w³MZ wPšÍ
†PZbvi wfwË‡Z fvl¨ iPbv K‡i Bmjv‡gi g~j ‡PZbvq AvNvZ nvb‡Z ‡P‡qwQ‡jb|
GgbwK wZwb cweÎ KziAvb‡K HkxevYx wn‡m‡eI A¯^xKvi K‡ib| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z Zvui
G Abyev` I fvl¨ MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci ZrKvjxb gymwjg mgv‡R AZ¨šÍ weiƒc
cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq| gvwmK Ôkixq‡Z BmjvgÕ bvgK cwÎKvq R‰bK Bqv` Avjx KZ©„K
wjwLZ Ôcv`ªx mv‡n‡ei ågÕ163 kxl©K Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv g~jK GKwU cÖeÜI cÖKvwkZ
n‡qwQj| †ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wm¨vK KZ©„K Ab~w`Z G MÖš’Lvbv 1908 L„. †_‡K
1920 L„. ch©šÍ `xN© 12 eQ‡i wewfbœ ‡cÖm †_‡K LÐvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|164 wb‡æ Av‡jvP¨
Abyev‡ì LÐ¸‡jvi cÖKvkKvj, cÖKvkK, cÖKvkbv ms¯’v, gy`ªvKi I gy`ªYms¯’vi bvg Zz‡j
aiv nj :
LÐ/cviv cÖKvk Kvj cÖKvkK, cÖKvkbv ms¯’v gy`ªvKi, gy`ªYms¯’v
1g LÐ/cviv 11/09/1908 e¨vcwU÷ wgkb †cÖm, ‡ifvt wm, GBP, nvifx
KjKvZv
2q LÐ/cviv 30/11/1908 Ó Ó
160. †ifv: DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wm¨vK Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, cÖ_g LÐ, c„. 341
161. cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 1138
162. cÖv¸³, c„. 1170
163. gvwmK kixq‡Z Bmjvg, 1g el©, 1g msL¨v, evsjv 1332, c„. 21
164. G,Gm,Gg, AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 250
3q LÐ/cviv 13/05/1909 Ó Ó
4_© LÐ/cviv 01/10/1909 wµwðqvb wjUv:
Ó
†mvmvBwU, KjKvZv
5g, 6ô, 7g 1910
Ó Ó
LÐ/cviv
8g LÐ/cviv 19/01/1911 Ó Ó
9g LÐ/cviv 01/09/1911 Ó ‡ifv: wc. bvBU
10g LÐ/cviv 1912 Ó Ó
11k LÐ/cviv 24/08/1913 Ó Ó
12k LÐ/cviv 23/01/1914 Ó Ó
13k LÐ/cviv 21/04/1914 Ó Ó
14k LÐ/cviv 08/10/1914 Ó Ó
15k LÐ/cviv 22/09/1914 Ó Ó
16k LÐ/cviv 25/02/1915 Ó Ó
17k LÐ/cviv 13/05/1915 Ó Ó
18k LÐ/cviv 16/07/1915 Ó Ó
19k LÐ/cviv 04/05/1915 Ó Ó
20k LÐ/cviv 09/10/1915 Ó Ó
21k LÐ/cviv 19/02/1916 ‡ifvt wm, GBP nvifx, e¨vcwU÷ wgkb †cÖm,
wµwðqvb wjUv: KjKvZv|
†mvmvBwU, KjKvZv
22k LÐ/cviv 24/05/1916 Ó Ó
23k LÐ/cviv 05/08/1916 Ó Ó
24k LÐ/cviv 30/08/1916 ‡ifv cvimx bvBU,
wµwðqvb wjUv: †mvmvBwU, Ó
KjKvZv

25k LÐ/cviv 02/01/1916 Ó Ó
26k LÐ/cviv 21/03/1917 Ó Ó
27k LÐ/cviv 19/08/1919 Ó Ó

28k LÐ/cviv 06/12/1919 Ó Ó
29k LÐ/cviv 1920 Ó Ó
30k LÐ/cviv 30/09/1920 Ó Ó
Av‡jvP¨ Abyev` I fvl¨ MÖ‡š’i m¤ú~Y©UvB cv`ªx †Mvj&Wm¨v‡Ki K…wZZ¡ e‡j

me©mvavi‡Y¨ g‡b Kiv n‡jI cÖK…Z c‡ÿ Gi 19k civi Abyev`K wQ‡jb Zvui mnKgx© I
wgkbvixi Ab¨Zg m`m¨ R.W.W Pettigrew. 165
†ifv‡iÐ DBwjqvg †Mvj&Wm¨vK Ab~w`Z G MÖš’Lvbv GK‡Î `yB L‡Ð evuavBK…Z
Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq| cÖ_g L‡Ð m~iv ÔAvj dvwZnvÕ †_‡K m~iv ÔAvj KvnvdÕ Gi 74
AvqvZ ch©šÍ †gvU 15 cvivi e½vbyev` I UxKv-wUàbx ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v
583|166 wØZxq L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q m~iv Avj Kvnv‡di 75 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv Avb bvm
ch©šÍ evKx 15 cvivi ZiRgv I UxKv-wUàbx| G L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v 1193|167 cv`ªx
‡Mvj&Wm¨vK Ab~w`Z G MÖš’wUi AvL¨vcÎ wb¤œiƒc-
mZ¨ Avgiv Bnv‡K Avie¨ KziÕAvb KwiqvwQ,

†hb †Zvgiv eywS‡Z cvi
m~iv Avj hyLiƒc, 2 Av‡qr
e½-fvlvq Abyevw`Z I wfbœ wfbœ cÖwm× Zdmxi
Aej¤^‡b wjwLZ UxKvmn KziÕAvb kixd
cÖ_g LÐ Av.jv.wg. wmcviv|
KjKvZv :
41 bs †jvqvi mvK©yjvi †iv‡W gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ
1908|

166. cÖv¸³, c„. 181
167. cÖv¸³
kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn
KjKvZvi ‡e‡bcyKzi GjvKvi Awaevmx kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn cweÎ KziAv‡bi
Avg cvivi Kve¨vbyev` K‡ib|167 G Kve¨vbyev‡ì mv‡_ wZwb Avgcvivi cÖwZwU m~ivi
kv‡b byh~jmn UxKv-wUàbx wjwce× K‡ib|168 wZwb 1885 L„. 18†g KjKvZvi
†e‡bcyKzi¯’ 25 bs nvRx b~i Avjx †j‡bi ˆcZ…K wbev‡m Rš§MÖnY K‡ib|169 Zvui wcZvi
bvg D×e P›`ª wmsn| 1942 L„. 25 ‡m‡Þ¤î kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn ci‡jvK Mgb
K‡ib|170 wZwb †ckvq eëmvqx n‡jI mvwnZ¨-PP©v I a‡g©i cÖwZ Zuvi h‡_ó AbyivM
wQj| ‘A Gift’ (7 L‡Ð Bs‡iRx Kve¨ MÖš’) I ÔC‡kvcwblrÕ (mªóv I gvb‡ei AvKl©Y)
MÖš’Øq Zvui mvwnZ¨ PP©v I ag©vbyiv‡MiB dmj| Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©vqI wZwb Ae`vb
†i‡L‡Qb| Avgcvivi Kve¨vbyev` I e¨vL¨v n‡jv Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©vq Zvui †kªô Ae`vb|
Zvui G Kve¨vbyev`wU ÔAvgcvivÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 1908 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|171 Gi cÖ_g
ms¯‹iY 25 bs ÐK‡j‡bi B›Uvjx ewYK BDwbqb †cÖm ‡_‡K kªx ejq Pvu` `Ë KZ…©K gyw`ªZ
nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb ‰mq` †gvnv¤§` Avjx|172 G MÖš’wU eZ©gv‡b KjKvZvi b¨vkbvj
jvB‡eªix‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q| D³ Avgcvivi cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi AvL¨vcÎwU wb¤œiƒc-
Avgcviv
kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn
g~j¨ 11. gvÎ
D³ Abyev‡ì wØZxq ms¯‹iY 1924 L„. `xN© 16 eQi ci cwiewZ©Z I cwiewa©Z

AvKv‡i Kvwj cÖmbœ wmsn KZ©„K KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|173 wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Y Abyev`K
I cÖKvk‡Ki wb‡e`b `„‡ó Rvbv hvq †h, kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi
Kve¨vbyev` ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb Ges cÖwZ gv‡m GK GK cviv K‡i Aewkó 29 cviv cÖKvk
Kivi wPšÍv fvebvI K‡iwQ‡jb| cieZx©Kv‡j cvVK-cvwVKv‡ì AbvMÖ‡ni Kvi‡Y wZwb G
Kv‡R Avi AMÖmi nbwb|174
167. W. gynv¤§` gyRexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 189
168. cÖv¸³, c„. 192
169. cÖv¸³, c„. 189
170. cÖv¸³
171. cÖv¸³
172. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v (1968), cÖv¸³, c„. 58
173. W. gynv¤§` gyRexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 190
174. kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn Ab~w`Z, Avgcviv, KjKvZv: 1924 L„. wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi f~wgKv `ªóe¨
wZwb Zvui G Kve¨vbyev`wU‡K myLcvV¨ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Y Kve¨vK…wZ I
Avbymvw½K wel‡q cwieZ©b, cwiea©b I ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î PÐxcy‡ii gvIjvbv AveŸvQ
Avjxi (1859-1932) civgk© MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|175 d‡j wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi fvlv cÖ_g
ms¯‹i‡Yi fvlvi †P‡qI h‡_ó mij I mvejxj n‡q‡Q| wZwb Avgcvivi ‡QvU †QvU m~iv
¸‡jv‡K cÖ_‡g wewea I wewPÎ Q‡›` Abyev` Ki‡jI cieZx©Kv‡j wMwik P›`ª †m‡bi
civgk©µ‡g G¸‡jv‡K cybivq cqviQ‡›` Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e m~iv Avj Kvì I Avb
bvwhqvZ‡K wÎc`x Q‡›` Abyev` K‡ib|176
kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn Zvui G MÖ‡š’i wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Y 766 c„ôvi Kve¨vbyev‡ì
mv‡_ 54 c„ôv e¨vcx GKwU cwiwkóI ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwb Avgcvivi cÖwZwU
m~iv bvwh‡ji †cÖÿvcU I UxKv-wUàbx wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| G UxKv-wUàbx wjLvi †ÿ‡Î
wZwb gvIjvbv GdvRDwÏb I AvKivg Luv cÖgyL gymwjg cwÐ‡Zi mn‡hvMxZv MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb|177 Zvui Kve¨vbyev` `„‡ó cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖwZ Zvui Mfxi
fw³ I kª×v wQj| Avi G fw³ I kª×vi wb`k©b ¯îƒc wZwb Zvui Abyev‡ì cÖvi‡¤¢ cweÎ
KziAv‡bi wb‡b¥v³ evYxwU wjwce× K‡i‡Qb -
Òhw` mß wmÜz Avi e„ÿ Av‡Q hZ
gmx I ‡jLbx iƒ‡c nq cwiYZ
ZeyI n‡e bv Zvi ¸‡Yi e¨vLvb
we‡RZv †h, m„wóKZ©v Áv‡bi wb`vb|Ó178
kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wms‡ni Kve¨vbyev‡ì wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Y h‡_ó mZK© _vKvi ciI
G Abyev‡` wKQz gy`ªYcÖgv` I fveMZ ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgbt ÔAvgcvivÕi
cwiwk‡ói m~Pbvq wZwb wj‡L‡Qb t ÔAvgcvivÕ- Ly`ª LÐ| wZwb GLv‡b ÔAvgcvivÕ- A_©
ÔLy`ª LÐÕ eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| A_P ÔAvgcvivÕ ej‡Z KziAv‡bi 30Zg Ask ev LÐ‡K
eySvq| Zvui Kve¨vbyev‡ì wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi Dcmsnv‡i KziAvb msiÿ‡Yi wel‡q wZwb
GKwU fzj Z_¨ cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb Ònhi‡Zi †jvKvšÍ‡ii GK ermi ci Avey
eKi I Igi ePb mg~n msMÖn K‡ib, GB msM„nxZ AvqvZ `k ermi Avey eK‡ii wbKU wQj|Ó179 hv
cy‡ivcywi AmZ¨|
176. cÖv¸³, c„. 192
177. cÖv¸³
179. kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, Dcmsnvi `ªóe¨, cÖv¸³, c„. 120
A_P Avey eKi (iv.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi wZ‡ivav‡bi 2 eQi 3 gvm 9 w`b ci 13
wn. Rvgvw`Dj DLivi 21 Zvwi‡L BwšÍKvj K‡ib|179 kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wms‡ni G
MÖš’Lvbv cvVK mgv‡R †Zgb RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡iwb| wZwb 1318 ev. 5B KvwZ©K G
MÖš’wUi MÖš’¯^Z¡ cwðe‡½i 24 ciMbvi evivkZ gnKzgvi †`M½v _vbvi dvwRj cyi wbevmx
Rg‡k` Avjx gÐj‡K `vb K‡iwQ‡jb|180 Zvui Kve¨vbyev` n‡Z m~iv Avj-Avmi I m~iv
Avj Kvì bgybv wn‡m‡e wb‡æ Zz‡j aiv nj-
1| Avj Avmi
`vZv I `qvjy Ck¦‡ii bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kwi‡ZwQ
‰eKv‡ji wè¨ K‡i wek¦vm ¯’vcb
wK¤^v mrKvh©¨ K‡i †h gvbeMY
mZ¨ fv‡e ci¯ú‡i K‡i Dc‡`k
Zvnviv e¨ZxZ Ab¨gvbe wbðq
ÿwZi g‡a¨‡Z Av‡Q RvwbI wbðq|181
2| Avj Kvì
`vZv I `qvjy Ck¦‡ii bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kwi‡ZwQ
m¤§vbxZ iv‡Î Avwg AeZxY© KwiqvwQ
‡Kvivb wbðq
Zzwg wK i‡qQ ÁvZ Avi ivwÎ m¤§vbxZ
Kv‡i Bnv Kq?
m¤§vbxZ ivÎ †mB mnmª gv‡mi †P‡q
DËg wbðq
AvZ¥v †èMY cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡h©ï Z‡i
cvj‡Ki AvÁvµ‡g AeZxY© nq
Dlvi weKvkewa Dnv kvwšÍgq|182
179. W. gynv¤§` Ave`yj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 28

180. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v (1968), cÖv¸³, c„. 58
181. kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn Ab~w`Z, Avgcviv, KjKvZv: 1908, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, c„. 8
182. cÖv¸³, c„. 13, 14
†Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig
Uv½vBj †Rjvi †`j`yqvi _vbvi Awaevmx †Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig
cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKRb e½vbyev`K I UxKvKvi| wZwb 1875 L„. ‡`j`yqvi _vbvaxb
†mniv‰Zj MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib|183 wcZv †gvnv¤§` mvwe‡Zi wbKU cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©b
Kivi ci wZwb XvKvi bIqve evwo‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i cov‡kvbv Pvwj‡q hvb| 1947 L„. 3
wW‡m¤î 72 eQi eq‡m KjKvZvq B‡šÍKvj Ki‡j Zuv‡K †mLvbKvi †Mveiv bvgK
Kei¯’v‡b Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|184 Uv½vB‡ji we›`yevwmbx D”Pwe`¨vj‡q wkÿKZvi
gva¨‡g wZwb Zuvi Kg© Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| Avi G mgq wZwb Uv½vBj wc.Gm K‡j‡R
Aviex I dvmx© fvlvi LÐKvjxb wkÿK wn‡m‡eI `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|185 Zuvi wjwLZ
Ô‡KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi Avgcvivi ZiRgvwU 1914 L„. 26 Ryb Uv½vBj †Rjvi †`j`yqvi
_vbvi †mniv‰Zj Gmjvwgqv jvB‡eªixi bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|187 G MÖ‡š’i †k‡li w`‡K 7
c„ôv e¨vcx ivm~j (mv.) Gi mswÿß RxebxI wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi AvL¨vcÎ wbb¥iƒc-
‫اﻧﮫ ﻟﻘﺮان ﻛﺮﯾﻢ‬
(wbðq BnvB †MŠievwš^Z †KviAvb)
mij cÖvYÄj Ges mswÿß e¨vL¨vmn
e½vbyev`
†KviAvb kixd
wewfbœ cÖKvi
Avie¨, cvim¨ I D`y© ZiRgv Ges Zvdmxi
Aej¤^‡b
†gŠjfx †Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig
Uv½vBj wewe nvB Bswjk ¯‹z‡ji f~Zc~e©
Avie¨ I cvivm¨va¨vcK KZ©„K
Abyevw`Z
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY
Gmjvwgqv jvB‡eªix
‡mniv‰Zj †`j`yqvi Uv½vBj nB‡Z
cÖKvwkZ
XvKv Bmjvwgqv †cÖ‡m
gynv¤§` Geªvnxg Øviv gyw`ªZ
mb 1321 e½vã|188
184. cÖv¸³
186. G Avgcvivi c„ôv msL¨v 36, g~j¨ wQj Pvi Avbv
187. ‡Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig Abyw`Z †KviAvb (Uv½vBj: Gmjvwgqv
jvB‡eªix, 1321 e½vã) 30 Zg cviv, c„. AvL¨v cÎ c„ôvi cieZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨
188. Abyev`wU eZ©gv‡b KjKvZvi b¨vkbvj jvB‡eªix‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q (W. †gvnv¤§`
Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 168)
‡KviAvb kix‡di myiv mg~‡ni g~j web¨v‡mi Abymib K‡iB wZwb Avgcviv
Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| m~iv bvev w`‡q ïiæ K‡i m~iv bvm w`‡q BwZ †U‡b‡Qb| 1939 L„. 1
Rvbyqvix‡Z KjKvZv †_‡K G Abyev‡ì wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|189 G ms¯‹i‡Yi
g~j Aviexi ci e½vbyev`, AZci Aviex k‡ãi evsjv A_© Ges me©‡kl UxKv-wUàbx
mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb Zvui MÖ‡š’ KjKvZvi 56 bs BmgvCj
÷ªxU¯’ `viæj BmvqvZ †_‡K 3q ms¯‹i‡Yi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib|190 Avãyj Kwig Ab~w`Z
Avgcvivi Kve¨vbyev‡ì cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1931 L„. 22 GwcÖj191 KjKvZvi 138 K‡oqv
†iv‡W Aew¯’Z Bmjvwgqv AvU© †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|192 2q ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq
1932 L„.| cªKvkK wQ‡jb 15 bs K‡jR †¯‹vqvi, KjKvZvi gvL`gx jvB‡eªixi †gvnv¤§`
†gveviK Avjx|193 MÖš’wUi AvL¨vcÎ wbb¥iƒc-
‡gvQ‡jg e„‡›ì wbZ¨cvV¨
Avj †KviAvb
wÎsk LÐ
Avgcviv
(c`¨vbyev`)
†KviAvb kix‡di Abyev`K
wewfbœ fvlvi MÖš’Kvi
Avie¨ I cvim¨va¨vcK
†gŠ: ‡Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj
Avãyj Kwig
†cÖvcvBUvi
`vi-Avj-Gkvqvr
KZ©„K
Abyevw`Z:
me©¯^Z¡ msiwÿZ
g~j¨ 1 UvKv|
189. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³ c„. 205

190. cÖv¸³ c„. 206
191. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³ c„. 92; W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 207
192. Gi c„ôv msL¨v wQj 124, g~j¨ wQj GK Avbv
W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb D‡jøL K‡ib †h 1936 L„. Avgcviv c`¨vbyev‡ì
me©‡kl ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|194 D³ c`¨vbyev‡ì cÖvi‡¤¢ Aviex I evsjv Aÿ‡i m~ivi
bvg, Dfq fvlv‡Z m~ivi µwgK bs, Ab~w`Z c„ôvq Aviex AvqvZ, cvkvcvwk evsjv
D”PviY Ges me©wb‡æ kãv_© I cÖ‡qvRbxq cvÙxKv ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| bgybv wn‡m‡e
wb‡æ m~iv KvImvi Gi M`¨vbyev` I c`¨vbyev`Øq Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj-
(K) (M`¨vbyev`) (‫)ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ‬
m~iv Avj KvIQi g°v‡Z AeZxY©, Bnvi wZb AvqvZ I GK iƒKz
‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
cig `vZv `qvjy Avjøvni bv‡g Avi¤¢
( †n cqM¤î) wbðq Avwg †Zvgv‡K KIQi cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ| (Zvnvi K…ZÁZv ¯îƒc) Zzwg
Avcb cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbwgË bvgvR co Avi (Zvnvi bv‡gB) †KvievYx Ki| Aek¨ †h e¨w³
†Zvgvi Awbóv‡š¦lY K‡i †mB AveZi (Zvnvi bvg jBevi †Kn bvB)195
(L) (Kve¨vbyev`)
(†gvnv¤§`) w`wQ Avwg †Zvgv‡K KvImvi
cwo‡e bvgvh ¯^xq cvjb KZ©vi
Kwi‡e †KvievYx Avi Zvnvi D‡Ï‡k¨
cyÎnxb e‡U †hB †Zvgv‡K we‡Ø‡l|196
Avgcvivi M`¨vbyev‡ì ci ciB wZwb cweÎ †KviAv‡bi cÖ_g w`K †_‡K Abyev`
Avi¤¢ K‡ib| 1914 L„. 14 wW‡m¤^ gynv¤§` Geªvnxg KZ©„K Zuvi e½vbyev‡ì cÖ_g LÐ,
Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡g XvKvi mvZ iIRv¯’ Gmjvwgqv †cÖm †_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡q
Uv½vB‡ji †kniv‰Z‡ji Bmjvgxqv jvB‡eªixi bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|197 Gfv‡e wZwb cweÎ
KziAv‡bi cÖ_g wZb cviv Aviex Qvov ïay e½vbyev` K‡i Uv½vBj †_‡K cÖKvk
K‡iwQ‡jb| †mKv‡j XvKv I Uv½vB‡ji gy`ªY eë¯’vi Ach©vßZv Abyfe K‡i wZwb
KjKvZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv nb|
194. cÖv¸³, c„. 209

195. ‡Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig Abyw`Z †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 30Zg cviv
196. Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig, Avj †KviAvb c`¨vbyev`, Avgcviv (KjKvZv 1932) 2q ms¯‹iY, c„. 3
†mLv‡b †cŠu‡Q KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †cÖ‡m Aviex I dvmx© cÖæd wefv‡M PvKzix ïiæ
K‡ib Ges †mLv‡bB emevm Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| wZwb Uv½vB‡j emevm Kivi mgq Aviex
wenxb LÐvKv‡i †KviAv‡bi †h Abyev` cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb Zv bZzb K‡i Aviexmn we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨v I fvl¨vKv‡i cÖKvk Kivi eë¯’v K‡ib| ZLb Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb gynv¤§` Rv‡gb
Avjx, 13 bs Lvjv½x‡Uvjv, KjKvZv|198 1929 L„. wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½ e½vbyev`
cÖKvk K‡ib|199 M‡elK †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb ¯^xq MÖ‡š’ ‡Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Avãyj
Kwi‡gi †KviAv‡bi m¤c~Y© Abyev‡ì KvR 1931 L„. †kl n‡q‡Q e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib|200
KviY 1931 L„. ÔAvn‡j nv`xmÕ cwÎKvq Zuvi m¤ú~Y© KziAvb cÖKv‡ki GKwU weÁvcb
cÖKvwkZ nq| weÁvcbwU wQj wbæiƒc-
ÔgvIjvbv †Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig mv‡ne Ab~w`Z mij cÖvÄj
e¨vL¨vmn e½vbyev` †KviAvb kixd, m¤ú~Y© wÎk LÐ GK‡Î evwni nBqv‡Q| Bnvi KvMR
Qvcv DrK…ó| G hver GBiƒc Abyev` Avi cÖKvwkZ nq bvB| 1500 c„ôvq mgvß| g~j¨
cvKv †Rj`&mn 9 UvKv mvZ Avbv| webvg~‡j¨ bgybv cÖv³e¨| cÖvw³¯’vb: gywÝ gynv¤§`
Rv‡gb Avjx, cvewjmvi eyK †mjvi, 13 bs I‡q‡jmjx ÷ªxU KjKvZv|Õ201
Dc‡iv‡jøwLZ weÁvc‡bi Av‡jv‡K 1931 L„. m¤ú~Y© Abyev‡ì mgvwßi K_v e‡jb
Rbve gydvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ 1929 L„. Zuvi Abyev‡ì KvR mgvß nq| wZwb
Abyev‡ì KvR ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb 1914 L„.| m¤ú~Y© Abyev` Ki‡Z mgq †j‡MwQj cÖvq 15
eQi|202
wZwb KjKvZvi ¯^bvgab¨ m¨vi W. Avãyjøvni c„ô‡cvlKZv jvf K‡i Ô`vi-Avj
BkvqvrÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖKvkbv ms¯’vI cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| `vi-Avj Bqvkvr †_‡KB Zuvi
Bmjvg ag© welqK cy¯ÍKvw` I cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv|

199. G.Gm.Gg AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix msKwjZ, gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY,
cÖv¸³, c„. 253
200. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³ 1997, c„. 80
202. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 92; W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 213, 214
cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi Ab~w`Z Kwc wbt‡kl nIqvi wZwb ci cieZx©Kv‡j LÐvKv‡i wØZxq
ms¯‹iY cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQ‡jb| wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖ_g (L‡Ði) cvivwU cÖKvwkZ
nq 1938 L„. 30 Ryb| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb Abyev`K wb‡R, 32 bs mvD_ †ivW, B›Uvjx,
KjKvZv| Zuvi Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi we‡kl ‰ewkó¨ wQj cÖ‡Z¨K m~ivi cÖvi‡¤¢ Aviex I
evsjvq D³ m~ivi bvg, Dfq fvlvq KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi µwgK msL¨v, cÖwZwU c„ôvi
cÖ_‡g g~j Aviex, Zvi bx‡P me© mvavi‡Yi †evaMg¨ mij I cÖvÄj fvlvq e½vbyev`, me©
wb‡æ cÖ‡qvRbxq fvl¨, wUKv-wUàbx I kv‡b byh~j cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
avievwnKfv‡e Gi 6ô LÐ ch©šÍ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci KjKvZvq mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v
I †Mvjv‡hvM ïiæ n‡j Gi cÖKvkbv Kvh©µg m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eÜ n‡q hvq|1 wewkó †jLK
gydvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb e‡j‡Qb- Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Yi c~‡e©B Aveyj dRj Avãyj Kwig
BwšÍKvj K‡iwQ‡jb|2
gynv¤§` bKxe DÏxb Luv
gynv¤§` bKxe DÏxb Luv cwðg e‡½i 24 ciMbv †Rjvi gvècyi MÖv‡g 1894 L„.
14 GwcÖj Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|3 Zvui wcZvi bvg gv‡jvqvi Luv| e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b wZwb ¯^í
wkwÿZ n‡jI Áv‡bi cÖwZ Zuvi AbyivM wQj cÖej| ¯’vbxq gKZ‡ei cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv
mgvcbv‡šÍB wZwb KjKvZvi AvjZvdx †cÖ‡m PvKzix ïiæ K‡ib|4 D³ †cÖ‡m PvKzixiZ
Ae¯’vq wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi Òcv‡Ä QyivÓ wk‡ivbv‡g K‡qKwU m~ivi e½vbyev` I
Ôe½vbyev` KziAvb kixdÕ bv‡gi GKwU MÖš’ iPbvi cÖqvm †c‡qwQ‡jb|5 Zuvi Ôcv‡Ä QyivÕ
MÖš’wU 1925 wKsev 1926 L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|6 Òcv‡Ä QyivÓ cÖKv‡ki cÖvq GK `kK
ci wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi avivevwnK e½vbyev` ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi G avivevwnK e½vbyev`wU
1938 L„. †_‡K 1949 L„. ch©šÍ cÖKvwkZ nq|7 Zuvi G MÖš’wU 1g cviv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
30Zg cviv ch©šÍ m¤ú~Y© 30 L‡Ð me©‡gvU 1540 c„ôvq m¤úbœ nq|8 Zuvi Ab~w`Z G
MÖš’wUi cÖwZwU cvivi ïiæ‡Z Avqv‡Zi welq wba©viY KiZ: m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|

2. gydvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 84
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 275
6. cÖv¸³
cÖwZwU m~ivi cÖ_‡g Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv wjwce× K‡i wb‡P Gi evsjv D”PviY I e½vbyev`
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q Ges evg cv‡k¦© mswkøó m~ivi bvg I AeZx‡Y©i ¯’vb, Wvb cv‡k¦© iæKz I
AvqvZ msL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j Aviex wjLvi ci wb‡P Gi
evsjv D”PviY I e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Avi c„ôv †k‡l UxKv AvKv‡i †Kvb †Kvb
Avq‡Zi Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| bKxe DÏxb Luv Zuvi Abyev` I Zvdmx‡ii ÔAvZ¥K_vÕq9
ÒcvK fvi‡Zi MY¨gvb¨ gynvwÏm I gydvw”QiM‡Yi ZiRgvi mvnv‡h¨ MÖnY Kiv nBqv‡QÓ
D‡jøL K‡i †hgb K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †Zgwb ÒK‡qKRb Av‡jg mv‡nev‡bi
AvbyK~‡j¨ Ab~w`Z nBj Z¾b¨ Zvnv‡ì wbKU wPiK…ZÁ iwnjvgÓ8 e‡jI Zuv‡ì F‡bi
K_v ¯§iY K‡ib|
dRjyi ingvb †PŠayix

Ô‡KviAv‡bi myeY© KzwÄKvÕ I Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi MÖš’ `yÕwUi †jLK dRjyi
ingvb †PŠayix 1896 L„. ewikvj †Rjvaxb †g‡n`xMÄ _vbvi Djvwbqvi Rwg`vi es‡k
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †gvnv¤§` BmnvK †PŠayix I gvZvi bvg ˆmq`v kvgmyb
wbmv Lvbg|11 wZwb 1919 L„. KjKvZvi †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡K Aviex‡Z Gg.G cvk
Kivi ci G·vBR mycvwi‡›U‡Ð›U Gi c‡` PvKzix ïiæ K‡ib|12 evsjv, Bs‡iRx I Aviex
fvlvq wZwb wQ‡jb mgvb ey¨rcwËi AwaKvix| QvÎ Rxe‡bB cÎ-cwÎKvq Zuvi eÐ mvwnZ¨
I cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ I RxebxMÖš’mn wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci Zuvi
`‡kva© †gŠwjK I Abyev` MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| cweÎ KziAv‡bi mswÿß e¨vL¨vmn
e½vbyev` n‡jv Zuvi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg †kªô KxwZ©| wZwb 1926 L„. ÔKyiAv‡bi myeY©
KzwÄKvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ ‡KviAv‡bi we‡kl we‡kl As‡ki PqwbKv wn‡m‡e ewikvj †_‡K
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev‡ì GKwU msKjb cÖKvk K‡ib|13
wZwb cweÎ KziAvb kixd‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM K‡i UxKv-wUàbxmn e½byev` K‡ib|
cÖwZwU Ask‡K 15 cviv K‡i wef³ K‡ib| wKš‘ cwiZv‡ci welq n‡jv-G MÖ‡š’i
cÖKvkbv Kvh©µg wZwb †`‡L †h‡Z cv‡ibwb|
9. †gvnv¤§` bKxe DÏxb Luv Ab~w`Z, e½vbyev` KziAvb kixd, KjKvZv: 1378 mvj, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cyb:
gy`ªY, (30 cviv GK‡Î euvavBK…Z), c„. ÔAvZ¥K_vÕ `ªóe¨
10. cÖv¸³
11. W. †gvnv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 284
13. †gvt Avãyi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 287
cvÐywjwç‡jv cÖ¯‘‡Zi ci hš¿¯’ Kivi c~‡e©B wZwb BwšÍKvj K‡ib| AZci Zuvi eofvB
dRjyj Kwig KZ…©K Djvwbqvi GmnvK gwÄj †_‡K Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 1930
L„. Ryb gv‡m G MÖš’wU cÖKvk Kiv nq|14 Aviex wenxb G Ab~ev` MÖš’wU‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K m~ivi
cÖwZwU iæKzi welqe¯‘ wba©viY c~eK© wk‡ivbvg mnKv‡i Zv wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Abyev‡ì cÖvq ¯’v‡bB c„ôvi wb‡P dzU‡bvU I UxKv-wUàbx ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i
UxKv-wUàbx‡Z Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBb, Kvexi, Kvkkvd cÖf„wZ weL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i
D×„wZ †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|15
‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx
‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx 1894 L„. K·evRvi †Rjvi PKwiqv Dc‡Rjvaxb
kvn Igivev` MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib|16 Zuvi wcZvi bvg Ave`yj nvKxg wgqvRx| wZwb
evsjv, Aviex, D`y©, dvm©x I Bs‡iRx fvlvq h‡_ó cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| e¨w³MZ
Rxe‡b AZ¨šÍ ¯^vaxb†PZv g‡bvfve I Ab¨v‡qi mv‡_ Av‡cvmnxbZvi Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq GK
Rwg`v‡ii mv‡_ Zuvi we‡iva N‡U| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z Rwg`vi Zuv‡K nvZ-cv †eu‡a
gvZvgyÐix b`x‡Z wb‡ÿc K‡i| fvM¨µ‡g wZwb cÖv‡Y †eu‡P wM‡q evg©vq Avkªq †bb|17
AZci †mLvb †_‡K 1919 L„. PÆMÖv‡g G‡m gvwmK ÔmvabviÕ cÖKvkbv Kvh© ïiæ K‡ib|18
Dcb¨vm, Kve¨MÖš’ I fvlvZË¡ cÖf„wZ wel‡qi Dci wZwb 27wU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥¨‡a¨
17wU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi cÖKvwkZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ Ôgnv Kzivb Kve¨Õ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Avgcvivi Kve¨vbyev`wU n‡jv Zuvi †kªô KxwZ©| GwU wgwni P›`ª †Nvl KZ…©K
gyw`ªZ n‡q wbD ¯î¯^Zx †cÖm, 25/G †gQyqv evRvi ÷ªxU, KjKvZv †_‡K gynv¤§` gvïK
Avng` wmwÏKxi gva¨‡g 1927 L„. 19 †m‡Þ¤î cÖKvwkZ nq|19 Ôgnv‡Kvivb Kve¨Õ bvgK
Zuvi G MÖ‡š’i we‡kl AvKl©Y nj cÖ_‡g m~iv AeZx‡Y©i KviY, AZci HwZnvwmK NUbv
ev cUf~wgi eY©bv, Zvici g~j Aviex, Zvici M`¨vbyev` Ges me †k‡l Kve¨vbyev` cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q|

15. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖ¸³, c„. 196
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 199
18. cÖv¸³
19. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx, gnv Kzivb Kve¨ (KjKvZv: 1334 e½vã), 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ
G Abyev‡ì †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b cvÙxKvI ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|20 Zuvi Kve¨vbyev` n‡Z
m~iv KvImv‡ii AskwU bgybv wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aiwQ-
m~iv †KŠQvi
eÜz †gvnv¤§` ! Ki‡n Kzievb, †Zvgv‡i w`‡qwQ AbšÍ Kj¨vY,
Avcb cÖf~i Ki Dcvmbv, wZwbB K‡i‡Q †KŠQvi cÖ`vb
cyÎnxb e‡j wb‡›` †Zvgv hviv,
cyÎnxb iƒ‡c jyß n‡e Zviv,
‡Zvgvwi ¯§i‡Y iwn‡e RM‡Z, †KvUx K‡Ú Ze †Nvwl‡e weavb|21
gvIjvbv Ave`yj Iqv‡mK

gvIjvbv Ave`yj Iqv‡mK 1871 L„. 24 ciMbv †Rjvi ewki nvU gnKzgvi fuvmywjqv
MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|22 1884 L„. Zuvi 13 eQi eq‡m wcZ…we‡qv‡Mi ci wZwb Avw_©K
cÖwZK~jZvq c‡o hvb| ZvB 1894 L„. ewki nvU nvB¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvq wØZxq
wefv‡M DË©xY© nIqvi ci cÖvwZôvwbK †jLv-cov mgvß K‡ib| AZci ewki nvU gy‡Ýd
†Kv‡U wkÿv bexk wn‡m‡e PvKzix ïiæ K‡ib|23 AZci ¯^xq †hvM¨Zv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
wewfbœ †ckvq PvKzix K‡i 1933 L„. 24 ciMbv RR Av`vj‡Zi bvwRi c` †_‡K Aemi
MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1946 L„. BwšÍKvj K‡ib|24 wZwb e½xq gymjgvb mvwnZ¨ mwgwZi
(1917-1918) Kvh© wbe©vnx KwgwUi m`mÏ wQ‡jb| wZwb ÔAvgcvivÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi wÎkZg cvivi mswÿß UxKv-wUàbxmn e½vbyev` K‡ib| hvi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY
gynv¤§` dvwhj KZ…©K gyw`ªZ n‡q 47 bs wicb ÷ªxU, KvjKvZvi Avdhvwjqv †cÖm †_‡K
1933 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|25 Zuvi Ab~w`Z Avgcvivi cÖ_‡g g~j Aviex AZci e½vbyev`
Ges gvSLv‡b j¤^v `vM w`‡q Gi Dfq cv‡k¦© kãv_© Ges †kl w`‡K kv‡b byh~j I UxKv-
wUàbx cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Avg cvivi m~iv¸‡jvi wjL‡b wZwb m~iv bvm w`‡q ïiæ K‡i bvev
w`‡q †kl K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi G Ab~ev` I e¨vL¨vi fvlv mnR n‡jI m¤ú~Y© µwU gy³ bq|
gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx Zuvi MÖš’wU m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ K‡i e‡jb- ÒAbyev‡` fvlvi cvwÐZ¨
_vwK‡jI g~‡ji mwnZ Bnvi wgj bvB|Ó26
20. cÖv¸³
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 14
23. cÖv¸³
24. cÖv¸³
25. Avãyj Iqv‡mK Ab~w`Z, Avgcviv, KjKvZv: 1933 L„. 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ `ªóe¨|
26. G.Gm.Gg. AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix msKwjZ, gIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx, 1g ms¯‹iY,
cÖv¸³, c„. 262
Avjx nvq`vi †PŠayix
Avjx nvq`vi †PŠayix 1921 L„. †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi b›`bcyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Z‡e wZwb e„nËi †bvqvLvjxi eZ©gvb jÿxcyi †Rjvi ivqcyi _vbvi Picvov MÖv‡g emevm
Ki‡Zb| Zuvi wcZvi bvg ‡KivgZzjøvn| Rbve Avjx nvq`vi †PŠayix wkÿK wn‡m‡eB
Kg©Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb|27 wZwb wkÿKZvi cvkvcvwk mvwnZ¨-PP©vI Ki‡Zb|
ÔKziAvb kixdÕ I Ônv`x‡m ivm~jÕ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvwnZ¨Kg©| wZwb QvÎ Rxeb †_‡KB
gvZ…fvlv evsjvq mn‡R cvV‡hvM¨ I †evaMg¨ KziAvb gvRx‡ì GKwU Abyev‡ì Afve
†eva K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| Avi G Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb GZ`wel‡q ZrKvwjb gymwjg
cwÐZe‡M©i `vi¯’ n‡q Avkvbyiƒc mvov bv †c‡q wb‡RB G KvRwU‡Z AvZ¥wb‡qvM

K‡ib|28 `xN© w`b cwikªg K‡i wZwb 1957 L„. UxKv-wUàbxmn m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`
mgvß K‡ib| Kzwgjøvi R‰bK gy`ªvKi I cÖKvk‡Ki wbKU Zv MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Rgv
w`‡j `~f©vM¨RbK fv‡e H f`ª‡jvK cvÐywjwcwU nvwi‡q †d‡jb|29 AZci wZwb Avevi G
Abyev`K‡g© AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i `xN© `keQi cwikªg K‡i Av‡iKwU cvÐywjwc ˆZix K‡i
XvKvi wSbyK cyw¯ÍKvi gvwjK gvIjvbv iƒûj Avwgb wbhvgx‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡j wZwb 1967
L„. mgMÖ Abyev`wU GK L‡Ð cÖKvk K‡ib|30
gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb kvgx
gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb kvgx ÔwhqvDj KziAvbÕ (evsjv Zvdmxi Avgcviv) AvL¨vq
cweÎ KziAv‡bi 30Zg cvivi e½vbyev` msKjb I m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| Abyev`wU `viæj
Dj~g cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv †_‡K 1983 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 279 I g~j¨ 24
UvKv|31 G msKj‡b Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbxi †ÿ‡Î gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvKxg, Avjx nvmvb,
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvKivg Luv I mvB‡q¨` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`xi Ab~w`Z I evL¨vZ
KziAv‡bi mn‡hvwMZv †bqv n‡q‡Q| ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq †h, Abyev`wU †Zgb
wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq|
G, †K, Gg, dRjyi ingvb gyÝx
G, †K, Gg, dRjyi ingvb gyÝx Kzwgjøv †Rjvi †`weØvi _vbvaxb ivRv‡g‡ni MÖv‡gi
Awaevmx| eZ©gv‡b XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ˆ`wbK BbwKjve cwÎKvi mnKvix m¤úv`K
wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ i‡q‡Qb| Ôevsjv †Kvivb kixdÕ, Ôe½vbyev` eyLvix kixdÕ, ÔwiqvRyj
RvbœvZÕ ÔAvZ ZvIevZzbœvQynvÕ Ôgnvmgvwai KwVb kvw¯ÍÕ ÔBgvg PwiZÕ Ôwek¦-bexi Pvi
mnPiÕ, ÔgvbvwdDj †KviAvbÕ, Ônvw`‡m ivm~jÕ cÖf„wZ MÖš’mn Bmjvgx wkÿv m¤ú‡K© eû
MÖš’ wZwb cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb|
9. Avjx nvq`vi †PŠayix Ab~w`Z, KziAvb kixd, wSbyK cyw¯ÍKv, XvKv: 1967, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„.
Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨
10. cÖv¸³
1. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„, 203
Gme iPbvi g‡a¨ Ôevsjv KziAvb kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖwZeY©vqb I UxKv-wUàbxmn
e½vbyev`wU Zuvi †kªôZg iPbv| wb‡gœ Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAvb m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj-
Ôevsjv †Kvivb kixdÕ

gvIjvbv G, †K, Gg, dRjyi ingvb gyÝx 1962 L„. †_‡K 1965 L„. ch©šÍ `xN©
Pvi eQi KziAvbx mvwnZ¨ mvabv K‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU c~Y©v½ e½vbyev` Ki‡Z
mÿg nb| 1975 L„. Kzwgjøv †_‡K Ôevsjv †Kvivb kixdÕ AvL¨vq Zuvi G MÖš’wUi 1g
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| Kzwgjøvi G, †K, Gg, knx`yj nK MÖš’wUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb| 496
c„ôv wewkó G MÖš’wUi g~j¨ wQj 17 UvKv| 1 GKB Abyev`K I GKB cÖKvkK KZ…©K
Ôe½vbyev` †Kvivb kixdÕ AvL¨vq ZvwiL wenxb Av‡iv GKwU cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ
nq| Z‡e cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ab~w`Z G MÖš’wUi gjv‡Ui Dci AvL¨v wQj Ôevsjv †Kvivb
kixdÕ| 504 c„ôv wewkó G MÖš’wUi g~j¨ wQj †evW© evavB 35 UvKv Ges cøvwóK evavB
40 UvKv|2 cieZ©x‡Z Abyev`wUi ZvwiL wenxb AviI GKwU cwigvwR©Z bZzb ms¯‹iY
cÖKvwkZ nq| GwUi c„ôvi msL¨v I cÖKvkK GKB| Avãyj Kv‡ì wgqv, nvwbd wcÖw›Us
†cÖm, 11/1 VvKzi `vm †jb, XvKv KZ…©K GwU gyw`ªZ nq| g~j¨ wQj 45 UvKv |
Rbve G,†K, Gg, dRjyi ingvb gyÝx g~j Aviex wenxb eZ©gvb G Abyev`wU Zvi
gvZv wcZvi gvMwdiv‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| D³ MÖš’wU Abyev`‡Ki ¸hv‡ikmn
cviv, mvR`v I m~iv mg~‡ni wZbwU c„_K m~Px i‡q‡Q| wZwb Av‡jvP¨ Abyev‡` evsjvq
m~ivi bvg, µwgK msL¨v, mswkøó m~ivi AvqvZ, iæKz I bvwh‡ji ¯’vb D‡jøLmn Zvmwgqvi
e½vbyev`c~e©K Avqv‡Zi µwgK Abymv‡i e½vbyev` I mswÿß e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb |
PjwZ ixwZ‡Z cÖYxZ g~j Aviex wenxb evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z G MÖš’wUi fvlv‡K
mnR, mij I cÖvÄj ejv P‡j| D³ Abyev`wU‡K A‡bKUv kvwãK Abyev` ej‡jI fyj
n‡e bv| wZwb G MÖ‡š’ g~jZ cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j Aviexmn mswÿß e¨vL¨v I g~j Aviexi
evsjv cÖwZeY©vqb K‡ib| dvm©x fvlvq iwPZ cweÎ KyiAv‡bi wewfbœ Zvdmxi Aa¨qb K‡i
eZ©gvb AvKv‡i GB cweÎ KyiAvb I G ZvdmxiwU‡K web¨vm K‡i‡Qb e‡j wZwb AwfgZ
e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|3 Rbve G,†K,Gg, dRjyi ingvb gy&Ýx g~j Aviex I Gi evsjv
cÖwZeY©qbmn cv` UxKvq mswÿß e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g KziAvbx mvwn‡Z¨ ÔKyiAvb kixdÓ
AL¨vq Av‡iv GKwU mswÿß Zvdmxi MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| G MÖš’wUi 1g L‡Ði 1g
ms¯‹iY 1976 L„. 28 GwcÖj cÖKvwkZ nq| †gvt bvwRg DwÏb fyuBqv D³ MÖš’wUi cÖKvkK
wQ‡jb| `yÕL‡Ð Ab~w`Z G KziAv‡b Rbve G,†K,Gg, dRjyi ingvb gyÝx cvÙxKvKv‡i
†Kvb †Kvb Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølYI K‡i‡Qb|

2. cÖv¸³
†h me MÖ‡š’i mvnv‡h¨ wZwb G me e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Zvig‡a¨ eyLvix, gymwjg,

bvmvqx, Avey `vD`, Be‡b gvRv, evqnvKx, gyAvËv-B- Bgvg gvwjK, gymbv`-B-Avng`,
gymbv‡` nvKxg BZ¨vw` nv`xm MÖš’ Ges Zvdmx‡ii g‡a¨ Zvdmx‡i Kvexi, Be‡b Rvixi,
`yi‡i-gvbm~i, Lvwhb, gy‡hÐj ‡KviAvb, Beb Kvmxi, Avmev‡e byh~j, jyeveyZ Zvbhxj,
Kvk&kvd, evqhvex, evqvbyj KziAvb, RvjvjvBb cÖf„wZ MÖš’ D‡jø‡L‡hvM¨|3 Z‡e Z_¨ m~Î
eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Gme MÖ‡š’i †Kvb m~Î eënvi Kiv nq wb; ïay gvÎ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l
G¸‡jvi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D³ Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 24 c„ôve¨vcx KziAvb m¤ú‡K© wKQy ÁvZe¨
welqmn cviv, m~iv I mvR`v mg~‡ni c„_K m~Px †`qv n‡q‡Q| c„_K ¯Í¤¢vKv‡i G Abyev‡`
evsjvq cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, bvwh‡ji ¯’vb, Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv I Gi evsjv cÖwZeY©vqb Ges
AvqvZ I iæKzi msL¨v D‡jøL K‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j Aviex Zvici evsjvq Gi
AbywjLb, Zvici e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cÖvq me cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b cvÙxKvKv‡i
Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vI cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|4
KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi `yÔAv, AvwLix gybvRvZ I we‡k¦i wewfbœ fvlvq Ab~w`Z
KziAv‡bi GKwU ZvwjKvI GB Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi wØZxq L‡Ði †k‡l 24 c„ôv
e¨vcx cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k ZvR †Kv¤úvbx wjt KZ…©K XvKv †_‡K 1384 ev. D³
Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi `yÕL‡Ði 2q ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| ÔcweÎ KziAvb kixdÕ
wQj GwUi AvL¨vcÎ| D³ MÖš’wUi fvlv mij, mnR, cÖvÄj, kvjxb I gvwR©Z| D³
Abyev`wU A‡bKUv wbf©i‡hvMÏ ejv P‡j| Z‡e gvIjvbv Imgvb Mwb I gvIjvbv bKxe
DwÏb Luvi ci wZwbB GKgvÎ e¨w³ whwb c~Y©v½ KziAv‡bi evsjv cÖwZeY©vqb K‡i‡Qb|
wKQy ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ _vK‡jI Zuvi cÖwZeY©vq‡b g~j Aviex cv‡V AbwfÁ †jv‡Kiv †h DcK…Z
n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB|
4. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³

5. cÖv¸³, c„. 15
W±i Imgvb Mbx
wewkó wkÿvwe`, †jLK I BwZnvm‡eËv, Aa¨vcK W±i Imgvb Mbx 1935 L„. 1
AvMó fvi‡Zi cwðg e‡½i ea©gvb †Rjvi †KZzMÖvg _vbvi AšÍM©Z KvUv‡`ªvwn MÖv‡gi GK
m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|1 Zuvi wcZv †gŠjfx gynv¤§` BDbym GKRb
we`¨vbyivMx I mgvR †meK wQ‡jb| cÖLi †gavi AwaKvix Aa¨vcK W±i Imgvb Mbx
¯’vbxq cvVkvjvq cÖv_wgK wkÿvR©‡bi ci 1947 L„. Rywbqi nvB gvìvmv cixÿvq †gav
e„wËmn DËxY© nb Ges GKB cÖwZôvb †_‡K 1952 L„. nvB gvìvmv cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M
cvm K‡ib| AZci 1955 L„. wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki gqgbwms‡ni bvwmivev` K‡jR †_‡K
B›Uvi‡gwW‡qU, 1958 L„. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K BmjvwgK óvwW‡R we.G Abvm© I
1961 L„. GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Aviex mvwn‡Z¨ Gg.G cixÿvq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY©
nb| 1968 L„. wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wcGBP.wW. wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib Ges
1975 L„. GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K m‡e©v”P wW. wjU. wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib|2 cÖL¨vZ
fvlvwe` W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GwgwiUvm cÖ‡dmi W. wmivRyj nK,
KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK kªx m~Kzgvi †mb, fvi‡Zi RvZxq Aa¨vcK W.
m~bxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨w³‡Z¡i wbKU wZwb wkÿvMÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv wefv‡M RLS. wn‡m‡e ‡hvM`v‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm
I evsjv fvlvq Mfxi cvwÐ‡Zï AwaKvix GB cÖwZfvai e¨w³Z¡ Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv
K‡ib| wkÿKZv I †jLv‡jwLi cvkvcvwk wZwb wb‡R‡K †`‡ki wewfbœ mvgvwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK, †mev I wkÿvg~jK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_I m¤ú„³ iv‡Lb| 1968 L„. †_‡K 1977
L„. ch©šÍ wZwb I‡q÷ †e½j gvìvmv †evW© Ges †evW© Ae IqvK&d cwðg e‡½i m`m¨
wQ‡jb| wZwb 1968 L„. †_‡K KjKvZv b¨vkbvj jvB‡eªix Ges 1977 L„. †_‡K KjKvZv
ivgK…ò wgk‡bi AvRxeb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e m¤§vbxZ n‡q‡Qb| GQvov wZwb KjKvZvi
mrmsN Ges GwmqvwUK †mvmvBwUi mv‡_I m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Qb| †hgb wZwb e¨w³ Rxe‡b
gvby‡li mv‡_ AgvwqK eënvi K‡ib wVK †Zgwb †Kvb bxwZMZ wel‡qI Zxeª fv‡e AUj
_vK‡Zb| eyw×Rxex gnjmn mKj †kªYx-†ckvi gvbyl Zuv‡K Zuvi PvwiwÎK †mŠ›`h©¨ I
Áv‡bi Mfxi cvwÐ‡Zï Kvi‡Y Mfxi kª×vi †Pv‡L †`‡Lb| evsjv, Bs‡iRx, Aviex, D`y©,
dvm©x, wn›`x fvlvq wZwb mgvb cvi`k©x |
2. cÖv¸³
wZwb ‡`k we‡`‡ki wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vjq I wewfbœ ms¯’v KZ…©K †cÖwiZ kZvwaK
M‡elYvg~jK MÖš’, Awfm›`‡f©i wiwfD K‡i‡Qb| cÖvq AvU kZvwaK M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ
wZwb cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|3 Zvi iwPZ †gŠwjK iPbvi msL¨v 20 GiI †ewk| Zuvi iPbvejxi
g‡a¨ Ô†KviAvb kixd e½vbyev`Õ (mswÿß UxKv I e¨vL¨vmn) ÔKyiAv‡bi ˆbwZKZvÕ
(bxwZgvjv), ÔPwiÎ I mgvR MV‡b †KviAvb kixdÕ (†KviAv‡bi †gŠwjK Av‡e`b),
ÔPwiÎ I mgvR MV‡b nv`xm kixdÕ BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †KviAvbx mvwnZ¨‡K evsjv
mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq AšÍf©yw³i †ÿ‡Î Zuvi †kªô Ae`vb nj cweÎ KyiAv‡bi e½vbyev`
I e¨vL¨v| G cÖm‡½ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK kªx m~Kzgvi †mb e‡jb ÒcweÎ
KziÕAv‡bi e½vbyev` Zuvi (W. Imgvb Mwbi) Rxe‡b GKwU ¯Í¤¢iƒcÓ|4 wb‡æ Zuvi KziAvbx mvwnZ¨
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-
†KviAvb kixd e½vbyev` [mswÿß UxKv I e¨vL¨vmn]
QvÎ Rxeb †_‡KB Aa¨vcK W. Imgvb Mbx KziAvbx mvwnZ¨ PP©vq wbijmfv‡e
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|5 eû fvlvwe` giûg W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvni wbKU 1961 L„. Ges
wewkó wkÿvwe` I mvwnwZ¨K cÖ_g AvPvh© m~Kzgvi †m‡bi mvwbœ‡a¨ 1963 L„. wKQy mgq
KvUv‡bvi Kvi‡Y evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq Zuvi Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©vi MwZaviv Av‡iv
†eMevb nq| cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I mswÿß e¨vL¨vq wZwb Zuvi AvZ¥wb‡qvM m¤ú‡K©
e‡jbÑ
ÒAvgvi G KvR †Kvb bvgKiv cÖKvkbxi gZ wfZ‡i eëmv I Dc‡i Mvjfiv ePmv bq| GUv
Avjøvni evYx cÖPv‡i Avgvi AšÍ‡ii Awfjvl, g‡bi †LvivK, Rxeb wRÁvmvi bxie DËi Z_v
gnvb wkÿKe„›`, wcZv-gvZv, eÜz-evÜe I ¸iæRb‡ì wb‡`©k cvjb|Ó6
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb ÒAweK…Z †KviAv‡bi weK…Z e¨vL¨v †`‡L Avwg cweÎ †KviAv‡bi e½vbyev` I
e¨vL¨vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kwi|Ó7 huv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYv I Drmv‡n wZwb cweÎ KyiAv‡bi e½vbyev` I
e¨vL¨vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Zuvi wcZv †gŠjfx BDbyQ, PvPv gvIjvbv Bwjqvm,
fvi‡Zi RvZxq Aa¨vcK AvPvh© m~bxwZKzgvi P‡Uªvcva¨vq I W. m~Kygvi †mb
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|8
3. W. Imgvb Mbx Ab~w`Z, Ô†KviAvb kixdÕ, gwjøKeªv`vm©, KjKvZv: 1995, cwigvwR©Z 3q ms¯‹iY c„.
10 (ï‡f”Qv evYx `ªóe¨)
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 7 (Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 15 (ÔgyLeÜÕ `ªóe¨)
6. cÖv¸³
7. cÖv¸³
8. W. Imgvb Mbx Ab~w`Z Ô†KviAvb kixd e½vbyev`Õ (mswÿß wUKv I e¨vL¨vmn), c„.7,14
1973 †_‡K 1976 L„. g‡a¨ wZwb cweÎ KyiAv‡bi m¤ú~Y© As‡ki e½vbyev` I
mswÿß e¨vL¨v m¤úbœ Ki‡Z mÿg nb| 1976 L„. †g gv‡m Ô‡KviAvb kixdÕ AvL¨vq
mswÿß UxKv I e¨vL¨vmn cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zuvi e½vbyev‡ì cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|
1911 L„. gvP© gv‡m 2q ms¯‹iY Ges 1995 L„. Rvbyqvix gv‡m cwigvwR©Z 3q ms¯‹iY
cÖKvwkZ nq| Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Yi g~j¨ 100 UvKv wQj| AZci 1998 L„. Rvbyqvix Ges
2001 L„. †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m AvjnvR¡& Aveyj Kvjvg (gwjøK eªv`vm©) KZ…©K D³ cwigvwR©Z
Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Yi ch©vqµ‡g `yÕwU cybgy`ªY cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi g~j¨ wQj 130 UvKv|9 Gi
c„ôv msL¨v wQj 548| Aa¨vcK W. Imgvbx Mwb Zvi G gnr Kg©wU Zuvi PvPv gvIjvbv
†gvnv: Bwjqvm I gvIjvbv †gvnv: Avãyjøvn bèxi KiKg‡j DrmM© Ki‡Qb|
Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I mvwn‡Zï cÖL¨vZ cwÐZ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK
kªx m~Kzgvi †mb Av‡jvP¨ Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi f~wgKvwU wj‡L w`‡q‡Qb|
L¨vwZgvb wPwKrmK, KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcPvh© Wv. kªx fv®‹i ivq †PŠayixi GKwU
Ôï‡f”Qv evYxÕ Ges Abyev`‡Ki GKwU ÔgyLeÜÕ cweÎ KziAv‡bi D³ Abyev‡ì cÖvi‡¤¢
ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| e¨vL¨vKvi cweÎ KziAv‡bi G e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨vi ïiæ‡Z ÔKyiAv‡bi
g~jgš¿Õ, ÔHkx AbyavebÕ, Ôgnv‡KviAvbÕ, ÔweÁvbgq †KviAvbÕ, Ôgyw³`vZv †KviAvbÕ,
Ôwek¦ msweavb †KviAvbÕ, ÔAwebk¦i †KviAvbÕ, Ôwec‡ì eÜz †KviAvbÕ, ÔkvwšÍi BwZnvm
†KviAvbÕ, ÔPwiÎ I mgvR MV‡b †KviAvbÕ cÖf„wZ wk‡ivbv‡g †KviAvb msµvšÍ KwZcq
wel‡qi mswÿß Av‡jvPbvi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ MÖš’wU g~j
Aviex wenxb| G‡Z evsjvq KziAv‡bi cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, AvqvZ I iæKz msL¨v Ges Aÿi
msL¨vmn Zvmwgqv I Gi e½vbyev` c~e©K c„ôvi `ywU Kjv‡g Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤î wfwËK
m~ivi e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| AZci D³ m~ivi e¨vL¨v I UxKv cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cweÎ Gme
UxKv I e¨vL¨vq †Kv_vI wZwb evsjv fvlvi M`ïxwZ Avevi †Kv_vI wZwb Kve¨ Q‡›ì
eënvi K‡ib| cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vq AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv Zuvi
Zvdmx‡ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU êwkó¨| d‡j Zuvi e¨vL¨v‡K ÔZvdmxiæj KziAvb wej
KziAvbÕ ej‡jI †ekx ejv n‡e bv| Av‡jvP¨ Abyev`wU cÖKv‡ki ci wewfbœ eyw×Rxex Gi
f~qmx cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb|
9. cÖv¸³, (KjKvZv: 2001) cwigvwR©Z Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Yi cyY©gy`ªb, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„óv `ªóe¨
gvRnvi DÏxb Avng`
gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb Avng` ewikvj †Rjvi b‡ivËgcyi MÖv‡gi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| Zuvi
RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j Aviexi
AbywjLb, mswÿß UxKv I e¨vL¨vmn Ôkvnbyi KziAvb kixdÕ AvL¨vq wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi
c~Y©v½ e½vbyev` I mswÿß Zvdmxi iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi G ZvdmxiwU 1981 L„. XvKv
†_‡K wZb L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖKvwkKv wQ‡jb Av‡bvqviv †eMg I g‡bvqviv †eMg|
Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii 1g L‡Ð 1-10 cviv, 2q L‡Ð 11-20 cviv Ges 3q L‡Ð 21-30
cvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj h_vµ‡g 1-493,
494-992 Ges 913-1560| cÖ‡Z¨K L‡Ði nvw`qv wQj 75.00 UvKv|1 AZci G MÖš’wU
GKB cÖKvwkKvØq KZ…©K cybivq 1983 L„. XvKv †_‡K 2 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
cÖ_g L‡Ð 1-15 cviv Ges 2q L‡Ð 16-30 cvivi e½vbyev` I mswÿß e¨vL¨v ¯’vb
‡c‡q‡Q| KvRx †gvkviid †nv‡mb, iZb AvU© †cÖm, 11 cvUzqvUzjx, XvKv KZ…©K GwU gyw`ªZ
nq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU L‡Ði g~j¨ wQj 150 UvKv|2 Av‡jvP¨ LÐ `ywUi c„ôv msL¨v wQj h_vµ‡g
1-718 Ges 719-1560| D³ Abyev`wU gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb Avng` Gi GKK
Abyev` wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡jI gvIjvbv BDbym I gvIjvbv jyrdi ingvbmn †`‡ki
wewkó K‡qKRb Avwj‡gi mn‡hvwMZvq D³ Abyev`wU m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q e‡j f~wgKvq
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|3
MÖšw’ Ui cÖvi‡¤¢ ÔD”PviY ms‡KZÕ bv‡g Aviex eY©gvjvi evsjv AbywjLb,
wZjvIqv‡Z mvR`vi m~Px, cweÎ KziAv‡bi weivg wPý, mvZ gÄxj, ÔKziAvb kix‡di
Riæix Z_¨ mg~nÕ bv‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ, kã I Aÿi msL¨v Ges ¯îeY© I
IqvK&dmn KwZcq wel‡qi Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI m~iv mg~‡ni m~Px I cvivi
bvgmn cÖwZwU cvivi AšÍM©Z m~iv mg~‡ni AvqvZ wfwËK welq m~Px †`qv n‡q‡Q| D³
Abyev‡` cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, bvwh‡ji ¯’vb, Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv, evsjvq Zvmwgqvi D”PviY,
iæKz I AvqvZ msL¨v D‡jøL K‡i Zvici g~j Aviex, Zvi wb‡P Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤î
Abymv‡i e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvici cÖ‡qvRbxq mswÿß UxKv I kv‡b byh~j BZ¨vwì
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1. ‡gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„.168

2. gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb Avng`, kvnbyi KziAvb kixd (XvKv: 1983), cÖ_g cÖKvk, c„. cÖ_g I wØZxq
L‡Ði AvL¨vc‡Îi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
3. cÖv¸³, c„. f~wgKv `ªóe¨
D³ e½vbyev‡` cweÎ KziAvbyj Kvixg Gi AbywjLb mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j Aviex
fvlvq AbwfÁ cvVK‡ì wbKU Gi RbwcÖqZv jÿYxq| Z‡e KziAvbx k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î
†jL‡Ki evsjv AbywjLb ev cÖwZeY©vqb ÎæwUgy³ bq| wewfbœ AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq †h, Zuvi
G evsjv AbywjLb c×wZwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï 17k kZvãxi Kwe I mvwnwZ¨K gynv¤§`
dmxn (1610-1680) Gi cÖvPxb D”Pvi‡Yi Abymi‡Y iwPZ|4
Zuvi G cweÎ KziAv‡bi evsjv AbywjLb Øviv cvVK mgvR wKQyUv DcK…Z n‡jI
Aviex Aÿi D”Pvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î mwVK w`K wb‡`©kbvi Abycw¯’wZ jÿ¨ Kivi gZ|5 D³
e½vbyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î evsjv fvlvi mvayixwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| Aviex, D`y©, dvm©x wgwkªZ evsjv
fvlvq Ab~w`Z G MÖ‡š’i fvlvq mvi‡jï †Quvqv i‡q‡Q e‡U; Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b
Avqv‡Zi h_vh_ gg© D`NvU‡b Abyev`K †hgb †nuvPU †L‡q‡Qb wVK †Zgwb e½vbyev‡`
Aviex k‡ãi evsjv cÖv‡qvwMK kã Pq‡bI Zuvi wKQyUv öjb N‡U‡Q|6 Gme ÎæwU-
wePz¨wZ¸‡jv ev` w`‡j evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq Zuvi G mvwnZ¨ Kg© mvaviY cvV‡Ki
KziAvbx Ávb Avni‡Y mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
4. W±i gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK, gymwjg evsjv mvwnZ¨, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv: 1965, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, c„.
216, 217
5. Zvui Aviex Aÿ‡ii evsjv D”PviY evsjv cÖwZeY©vqb
‡Z (‫)ت‬ Z
‡Q (‫)ث‬ Q
Rxg (‫)ج‬ R¡
‡n (‫)ح‬ n
`vj (‫)د‬ `
‡h (‫)ز‬ h
Qxb (‫)س‬ Q BZ¨vw`
(gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb Avng`, kvnbyi KziAvb kixd, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 5,6)
6. †hgb m~iv evKvivi 15 bs Avqv‡Zi wKq`sk Ô‫اﷲ ﯾﺴﺘﮭﺰي ﺑﮭﻢ‬Õ Gi Abyev‡` wZwb wj‡L‡Qb- ÔAvjøvn
cvK Zvnv‡ì Zvgvkv †`wL‡Z‡QbÕ| (gvIjvbv gvRnvi DwÏb Avng`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 5)
A_P Gi mwVK e½vbyev` n‡e Ôeis AvjøvnB Zv‡ì mv‡_ Dcnvm K‡ibÕ|
(gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 4)
evsjv fvlvq c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi PP©v

‡h mKj gbxlx evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb
Zuv‡ì mswÿß Rxebx I Zv‡ì iwPZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© wb‡æ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nj-
‡gvnv¤§` AvKivg Luv
evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`K I fvl¨KviM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv
†gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu Ab¨Zg| wZwb 1868 L„. fvi‡Zi PweŸk ciMbvi nvKxgcyi MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Mvhx Avãyj evix Lvu I gvZvi bvg †eMg iv‡eqv
Lvbg|1 wZwb wcZv-gvZvi Kv‡QB evj¨wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| AZci KjKvZv Avwjqv
gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 1901 L„. dvBbvj cixÿvq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvk K‡ib|2 cÖvwZôvwbK
wkÿv †kl K‡i wZwb †`k I RvwZi †mev Kivi wbwgË mvsevw`KZv †ckvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM
K‡ib| wZwb 1903 L„. AvMó gv‡m gvwmK Ô‡gvnv¤§`xÕ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKvi m¤úv`bv ïiæ
K‡ib|3 cwÎKvwU cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg msL¨v ch©šÍ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci wbqwgZ cÖKvkbv
eÜ n‡q wM‡qwQj| Zvi K‡qK eQi ci AwbqwgZ fv‡e gvwmK, cvwÿK I mvßvwnK
wn‡m‡e †ei n‡qwQj| Ae‡k‡l wZwb 1910 L„. Avevi cwÎKvwU‡K ÔmvßvwnK †gvnv¤§`xÕ
wn‡m‡e cybcÖKvk ïiæ K‡ib|4 wZwb 1920 L„. D`y© ÔhvgvbvÕ, 1921 L„. Ôˆ`wbK ‡meKÕ,
1936 L„. Ô‰`wbK AvRv`Õ cwÎKv †ei K‡ib|5 wZwb mvsevw`KZvi cvkvcvwk ivR‰bwZK
Kg©Kv‡ÐI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| 1941-1951 L„. ch©šÍ wZwb e½xq cÖv‡`wkK
gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|6 wZwb 1954 L„. ivRbxwZ †_‡K Aemi
MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1968 L„. 18 AvMó iweevi XvKvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|7 Zvui Rxebe¨vcx
a¨vb-aviYv I Ávb mvabvi welqe¯‘ wQj cweÎ KziAvb|8 cweÎ KziAv‡bi LÐvKv‡i
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi mn agx©q wel‡q wZwb wÎ‡kva© MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Abyev` I ZvdmxiB nj me‡P‡q †ekx Av‡jvwPZ| Z‡e wZwb Abyev` I
Zvdmx‡ii †ÿ‡Î c~e©eZx© gyRZvwn`M‡Yi Zvdmx‡ii ixwZ I gZvgZ‡K cwinvi K‡i gy³
1. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 110 ; Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 11
4. cÖv¸³
5. cÖv¸³
8. cÖv¸³
wPšÍv I wbR¯^ a¨vb-aviYv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qvq mgmvgwqK AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU mgv‡jvwPZI
n‡qwQ‡jb| wb‡gœ Zvui Ab~w`Z KziAvb I Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-
K) KvivMv‡ii mIMvZ
Z`vbxšÍb miKv‡ii mv‡_ gZ‰ØZZvi Kvi‡Y †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu 1921 L„.
GKevi Avjxcy‡ii KvivMv‡i Ave× n‡qwQ‡jb|9 Avi G my‡hv‡M wZwb KvivMv‡i e‡mB
1922 L„. cweÎ KziAv‡bi wÎkZg cvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi wj‡L †d‡jb|10 wZwb
Zvui G MÖš’wU‡K ÔKvivMv‡ii mIMvZÕ wn‡m‡e wkwÿZ gymjgvb hyeK‡ì‡K DrmM© K‡ib|
cweÎ KziAv‡bi G Avgcviv As‡k wZwb m~iv dvwZnvi e¨vL¨v wenxb mij AbyevÌ
ms‡hvRb K‡ib12 1923 L„. D³ Avgcvivi fvl¨wU cÖKvwkZ nq| gy`ªK I cÖKvkK wQ‡jb
Lvqiæj Avbvg Luv|13 G MÖš’wU 1924 L„. 12 GwcÖj †iwR÷ªvi Ae cvewj‡Kk‡Ý Rgv
†`qv nq| 1926 L„. 18 AvMó Gi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|14
L) D¤§j wKZve
Avgcvivi Zvdmx‡ii m‡½ m~iv dv‡Znvi mij Abyev` As‡k gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
AvKivg Luv AwP‡iB G m~ivi GKwU we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi cvVK‡ì m¤§y‡L Dc¯’vc‡bi
cÖwZkÖæwZ e¨³ K‡ib|15 wKš‘ Bmjvgx ms¯‹…wZ I fveaviv Aÿzbœ ivLvi Rb¨ ÔgvwmK
†gvnv¤§`xÕ m¤úv`bv, cÖKvk I cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vKvq Zvui Abyev` I Zvdmx‡ii KvR
m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c eÜ n‡q hvq|16 d‡j Avgcvivi Abyev‡ì mvZ eQi ci 1929 L„. Zvui
e¨vL¨vZ m~iv dv‡Znv AskwU ÔD¤§j wKZveÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Lvqiæj Avbvg Lvu KZ©„K
KjKvZvi †gvnv¤§`x †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|17
M) †KviAvb kixd
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu 1947 L„. †`k wefw³i ci Zvui Kg©‡ÿÎ XvKvq
¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡ib| 1954 L„. ivRbxwZ †_‡K Aemi wb‡q cybivq Zvdmx‡ii Amgvß
Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|18
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 111-112

11. cÖv¸³
12. cÖv¸³
16. cÖv¸³
17. cÖv¸³
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 98
Gevi wZwb m¤ú~Y© bZzb Avw½‡K A‡cÿvK…Z mswÿßvKv‡i `yÕeQ‡ii g‡a¨ m¤ú~Y©
KziAv‡bi Abyev` I Zvdmxi wj‡L †kl K‡ib19 Ges `yÕ-wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨B MÖš’wU 5
L‡Ð cÖKvk Ki‡ZI mÿg nb|20 ÔZvdQxiæj ‡KviAvbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ Zvui G Abyev` I
fvl¨ MÖ‡š’i wk‡ivbvg nj Ô‡Kvivb kixdÕ| G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g LÐ 1959 L„. gvP©, wØZxq LÐ
Ryb, Z…Zxq LÐ AvMó, PZz_© LÐ wW‡m¤î Ges cÂg LÐ 1960 L„. †deªæqvix gv‡m
cÖKvwkZ nq|21 cÖ_g L‡Ð 700, wØZxq L‡Ð 800, Z…Zxq L‡Ð 766, PZz_© L‡Ð 727 I
cÂg L‡Ð 838 c„ôv wQj|22 D³ LÐ¸‡jvi cÖ_gwU‡Z m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv wbmvi 42
bs AvqvZ; wØZxqwU‡Z m~iv wbmvi 43 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv ZvIevi; †kl ch©šÍ
Z…ZxqwU‡Z m~iv BDbym Gi ïiæ †_‡K m~iv Avw¤^qvi †kl ch©šÍ; PZz_©wU‡Z m~iv nv¾ Gi
ïiæ †_‡K m~iv mv` Gi †kl ch©šÍ I cÂgwU‡Z m~iv hygvi Gi ïiæ †_‡K m~iv bvm Gi
†kl ch©šÍ Abyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q|23 LÐ¸‡jvi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb gynv¤§` eìæj
Avbvg Lvu I gynv¤§` Kvgiæj Avbvg Lvu| cÖ_g wZb LÐ ˆZqeyi ingv‡bi †cÖm †_‡K
gyw`ªZ nq|24
Zvui Abyev‡ì fvlv wQj mnR, mij I cÖvÄj| Zvui G MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ n‡Z
_vK‡j A‡bK gymwjg I Agymwjg cwÐZ Zvui G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i f~qmx cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb|
Aa¨vcK kªx wR‡Z›`ª jvj e‡›`vcva¨vq Zvui Avgcvivi fvlv m¤ú‡K© Òg‡bvni I Mfxi
fvec~Y©Ó25 e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| AvPvh© cÖdzjø P›`ª ivq bvgK R‰bK myax G Abyev`
m¤ú‡K© e‡jb- Ò‡hgb mij I cÖvÄj I †Zgwb †gvjv‡qg|Ó26 Bs‡iwR mvßvwnK Ôw`
gymjgvbÕ Gi m¤úv`K †gŠjfx gyRxeyi ingvb I W. Ave`yjøvn †mvnivIqv`x© cÖgyLI G
Abyev‡ì cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb Lvu mv‡n‡ei Abyev‡ì e¨vcv‡i
e‡jb- ÒA‡_©i w`K w`‡q mycvV¨ I fvlvi w`K w`‡q Abe`¨|Ó27 gvIjvbv AvKivg Lvu
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev` I fvl¨ iPbvq e¨w³MZ gZvgZ‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qvq Zvui G Abyev`
I fvl¨ mvwnwZ¨K wePv‡i cÖkswmZ n‡jI A‡bK ‡ÿ‡Î gšÍe¨ I Z‡_ï w`K †_‡K
AvcwËRbK|
21. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 17, 18
22. cÖv¸³
23. cÖv¸³
24. cÖv¸³
26. cÖv¸³
27. cÖv¸³, c„. 119
wb‡gœ bgybv wn‡m‡e Zvui e³‡eï wKq`sk Zz‡j aiv nj-
1| Av`g (Av.) ej‡Z GKRb we‡kl gvby‡li bvg bq; eis †MvUv gvbe mgv‡Ri bvg|
Av`g (Av.) †K RvbœvZ †_‡K †ei K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj Zv AvwLiv‡Zi RvbœvZ bq;
eis G `ywbqviB GKwU Kvbb we‡kl|28
2| nhiZ Cmv (Av.) wPivPwiZ ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| Zvui AvKv‡k
D‡ËvwjZ nIqvi K_v wVK bq|29
Gfv‡e wZwb nhiZ gymv (Av.) KZ©„K mvMi‡K wØLwÐZ K‡i AwZµg Kiv I Zvui hwôi
AvNv‡Z cv_i †_‡K cÖmªeb †ei nIqv‡KI A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| DcišÍ Bewjk, nhiZ
nvIqv (Av.) Gi m„wó, Cmv (Av.) KZ©„K g„Z‡K RxweZ KiY, wKqvgv‡Zi w`b Avjøvni
mv‡_ mvÿvZ, cvc c~‡Yï IRb, ivm~j (mv.) Gi wgÔivR Mgb cÖf„wZ welqmn ag©xq eÐ
wel‡q wZwb Rgûi Ijvgv gydvmwmi, gynvwÏmM‡Yi M‡elYvjä gZvgZ I `„wófw½i
wecixZ gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| hvi djkªwZ‡Z Zvui G Zvdmxi MÖš’ Avwjg mgv‡R
MÖnY‡hvM¨ nqwb|
Zvui G Abyev` I fvl¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _vK‡j mgmvgwqK gymwjg cwÐZMY Zvui
Zvdmx‡ii Pig cÖwZev` K‡ib| cÎ cwÎKvqI Zvui Zvdmw‡ii cÖwZev` cÖKvwkZ nq|
24 ciMbvi gvIjvbv iƒûj Avwgb ÔLvu mv‡n‡ei Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZev`Õ wk‡ivbv‡g ÔQybœZ
Avj RvgvqvZÕ cwÎKvq,30 e¸ov †Rjvi Avãym mvjvg Ô‡Kvivb kix‡di gbMov A_©Õ
wk‡ivbv‡g Avj Gmjvg cwÎKvq31 Lyjbv †Rjvi gynv¤§` g‡qR DwÏb Ô†gvnv¤§` AvKivg
Lvu cÖYxZ Zvdmx‡ii mgv‡jvPbvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g avivevwnK cÖeÜ wj‡L ÔkixqZÕ32 cwÎKvq Lvu
mv‡n‡ei Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZev` K‡ib| 1333 mv‡j gvwmK mIMvZ cwÎKvq33 GKwU Zxeª
mgv‡jvPbv g~jK cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| gynv¤§` dqRyjøvn Lvu bv‡g GKRb e¨w³ ÔLvu
mv‡n‡ei ev‡R K_vÕ34 wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU cyw¯ÍKv wj‡L AvKivg Lvui Zvdmx‡ii AmviZv
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
28. W. †gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd, 1g LÐ, 2q ms, wSbyK cyw¯ÍKv XvKv: 1382/1975,
c„. 59-63
29. cÖv¸³, c„. 438-446
30. QybœZ Avj RvgvqvZ,7:5 (êkvL 1347), c„. 256-264
31. 6ô el©, 10g msL¨v, KvwZ©K, 1338/1931 L„, c„.233-238
32. 1924 L„. †_‡K 1925 L„. ch©šÍ, 1g el© (1331) I 2q el© (1332) Gi msL¨v¸‡jv `ªóe¨
33. 2q msL¨v, kªveY, 4_© el©, 1333 evsjv
34. †e½j jvB‡eªix K¨vUvjM, 1933 L„. 1g ‰ÎgvwmK
Lvu mv‡n‡ei Abyev` I Zvdmxi c~Y©v½ fv‡e cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci Lyjbv †Rjvi Awaevmx
Ges dwi`cy‡ii MIni Wv½v gvìvmvi wkÿK gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi ÔZvdmx‡ii bv‡g
m‡Zï AcjvcÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Ges gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡ii Awaevmx jvjevM Rv‡gqvZzj
KziAvbxqv gvìvmvi gynvwÏm gvIjvbv Avhxhyj nK ÔcweÎ †KviAv‡bi Ace¨vL¨v ev Lvu
mv‡n‡ei KwíwZ Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZev`Õ35 wk‡ivbv‡g cyw¯ÍKv wj‡L AvKivg Lvui g‡Zi LÐb
K‡i Zvui Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZev` K‡ib| cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vq Zvui e¨w³MZ gZvgZ¸‡jv
ev` w`‡j Zvui G Abyev` I fvl¨ MÖš’‡K evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©vq GK
Abe`¨ Ae`vb ejv hvq|
kvn Kgi¾vgvb
gvIjvbv kvn Kgi¾vgvb Rvgvjcyi †Rjvi Bmjvgcyi _vbvi †MvcvjbMi MÖv‡g
1305 ev. 1 gvN ïµevi mKvj `k NwUKvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|36 Avãyj Inv‡q` L›`Kvi
Ii‡d iQy wgqv Zuvi m¤§vwbZ wcZv| gvIjvbv kvn& Kgi¾vgb Av‡jK kvn dKx‡ii
eskai| Av‡jK kvn (i.) wenv‡ii Aviv †Rjvi AšÍM©Z e·vi bvgK ¯’v‡bi evwm›`v
wQ‡jb| †Kvb GK mgq †mLvb †_‡K wZwb c~e©vÂ‡j P‡j Av‡mb| ZvuiB eskxq avivq
gvIjvbv kvn Kgi¾vgv‡bi Rb¥| Zuvi `v`v bBg DÏxb dKxi Ii‡d bqKwo wgqv ch©šÍ
esk ci¤úivq cxi gywi`x I ì‡ekx envj wQj| gvIjvbvi wcZvi Avgj †_‡K Zv †jvc
†c‡Z _v‡K| Avi gvIjvbv mv‡ne Gme Kvh©µg †_‡K G‡Kev‡iB weiZ _v‡Kb|37 Zuvi
bvbvi KvQ †_‡K Zuvi wkÿvi nv‡ZLwo nq| gvÎ mvZ eQi eq‡m wZwb cweÎ KziAvb
cov †kl K‡ib| wZwb cvwievwiK wkÿvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯’vbxq wbjwÿqv ¯‹z‡jI covïbv
K†i‡Qb| AZci wZwb AbxZ.Gg.B.¯‹zj. Kvgv‡ii Pi Avc‡MÖW ¯‹zj, evwjRyix nvB¯‹zj
Ges gqgbwms‡ni g„Zz¨Äq ¯‹z‡j covïbv K‡ib| Z‡e Avw_©K A¯^”QjZvi Kvi‡Y †gwUªK
cixÿv w`‡Z cv‡ib wb| AZci Rbve Avãyi ingvb bvgK GKRb ¯’vbxq abvX¨ e¨w³i
†g‡qi mv‡_ wZwb weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nb| ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R covïbv Kivi HKvwšÍK B”Qv
_vKv m‡Ë¡I evev I kï‡ii K_v g‡Zv wZwb wmivRMÄ gvìvmvq fwZ© nb Ges D³
gvìvmv †_‡KB wZwb Zuvi m‡e©v”P K¬v‡mi cvV †kl K‡ib|
35. AvMó, 1960, c„ôv msL¨v, 61, g~j¨ Qq Avbv

36. †gŠ.kvn& Kgi¾vgvb, LyjQvZzj Kyivb, XvKv: 1981, 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 2-3 (Ô†jLK cwiwPwZÕ
`ªóe¨)
37. cÖv¸³, c„.2
AZci Zuvi kïi Zuv‡K Avi cov‡eb bv GB wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡j D”P wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨
wZwb fvi‡Z cvwj‡q hvb| †mLv‡b †e‡ijxi †Kvb GK gvìvmvq wZwb `yÕeQi Aa¨vqb
K‡ib Ges w`jøxi †Kvb GK gvìvmvq †_‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm cvm K‡ib|38 wZwb
wbwiwewj ¯^fv‡ei †jvK wQ‡jb| me©`v covïbvq e¨¯Í _vK‡Zb| fvi‡Z _vKvKvjxb wZwb
wewfbœ gmwR‡` BgvgwZ K‡i‡Qb| Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡Z wZwb wKQyw`b ¯‹zj I gvìvmvi
wkÿKZv K‡ib| Z‡e BgvgwZB wQj Zvi g~j †ckv| BgvgwZi Rb¨ †Kvb w`b wZwb †Kvb
†eZb-fvZv †bb wb|39 KziAvbx mvwn‡Zï M‡elYvq wZwb Zuvi Rxe‡bi GKUv eo Ask
e¨q K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Ô‡QivRyj gyËvKxbÕ I ÔLyjvQvZzj KzivbÕ
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb AK¬všÍ cwikªg K‡i ÔLyjvQvZzj KzivbÕ bv‡g 4 L‡Ð GKwU e„nr
Zvdmxi MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| wb‡gœ Zuvi cÖYxZ ÔLyjvQvZzb KzivbÕ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nj|
LyjvQvZzj Kzivb
m~`xN© cÖvq 27 eQi a‡i AK¬všÍ cwikªg K‡i gvIjvbv kvn Kgi¾vgvb ÔLyjvQvZzj
KzivbÕ bvgK Zvdmxi MÖš’wU cÖYqb K‡ib| cÖ_‡g Aviex †_‡K D`y‡Z© Zvici evsjvq iƒc
w`‡q‡Qb| cÖvq 40 wU MÖ‡š’i mvnvh¨ wb‡q 13 nvRvi c„ôvi D³ ZvdmxiwU ‡j‡L‡Qb e‡j
wZwb ¯^xq MÖš’ Ô‡QivRyj gyËvKxbÕ Gi ÔAvZ¥cwiPqÕ c‡e© D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|40 Z‡e wZwb
Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii †Kv_vI D³ MÖš’ mg~n m¤úwK©Z †Kvb Z_¨ m~‡Îi D‡jøL K‡ibwb| 1971
L„. w`‡K wZwb D³ ZvdmxiwUi cvÐywjwc wjLb †kl Ki‡jI Avw_©K AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y
m¤ú~Y© cvÐywjwcwU cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| ïaygvÎ cÖ_g cvivi ZvdmxiwU wZwb 1969 L„.
cÖKvk K‡ib|41 ZvdmxiKvi wb‡R GwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb| mvgv` †cÖm, XvKv †_‡K GwU
gyw`ªZ n‡qwQj| 226 c„ôvi D³ MÖš’wUi g~j¨ wQj 5 UvKv| 1974 L„. †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m D³
Zvdmx‡ii 2q cvivi 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb wZwb wb‡RB| gy`ª‡Y
wQj i‡KU †cÖm, wR›`vevnvi (1g †jb) XvKv| 246 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 7
UvKv|42
38. cÖv¸³, c„.3-4
39. W. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 357
40. kvn& Kgi¾vgvb, †mivRyj gyËvKxb, cÖv¸³, c„. 51
41. cÖv¸³
42. kvn& Kgi¾vgvb, LzjvQvZzj Kzivb, XvKv: 1974, 2q cviv, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨
D³ cvivi Zvdmx‡ii AvL¨vcÎwU wbgœiƒc-
LyjvQvZzj Kzivb
(evsjv ZvdQxi)
2q cviv QvqvKzjy
cÖ‡YZv
‡gŠ: kvn Kgi¾vgvb
ZvdmxiKviK cÖ_‡g ZvdmxiwU‡K 30 L‡Ð cÖKvk Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| GB
`„wófw½ †_‡K wZwb 1g I 2q cviv cÖKvkI K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Avw_©K AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y
wZwb cieZ©xKv‡j wbR wm×všÍ cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i 13 nvRvi c„ôvi cvÐywjwc‡K 1500 c„ôvq
mswÿß K‡i 4 L‡Ð cÖKvk K‡ib|43 1981 L„. 4 LÐ wewkó D³ Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ði
1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| †jLK wb‡RB Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb| gy`ª‡Y wQj B÷vb© AvU©
wcÖ›Uvm©, 20 bqvcëb, XvKv|44 G L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv wbmvi
176 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ me©mvKz‡j¨ Qq cvivi Abyev` I Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| GQvovI
Av‡jvP¨ L‡Ð Ô‡ZŠdxKÕ bv‡g Abyev`‡Ki f~wgKv msµvšÍ GKwU c„_K MÖš’ ms‡hvwRZ
n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †jL‡Ki AvZ¥Rxebx, KziAv‡bi ÁvZe¨ welq, Bjg-B-Avivwe¨qv, bvû I
mid (Aviex e¨vKiY), Bjg-B-evjvMvZ, (AjsKvi kv¯¿), Bjg B-wKdvqv (eû `wk©Zv),
Avjøvni wmdvZ, ZèxivZ cÖf„wZ wel‡qi Dci `xN© 118 c„ôvi GKwU Av‡jvPbv D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1983 L„. D³ Zvdmx‡ii 2q L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb
MÖš’Kvi wb‡RB| D³ MÖš’wUi gy`ª‡b wQj B÷vY© AvU© wcÖ›Uvm©, 20 bqv cëb, XvKv| GwUi
g~j wQj 35 UvKv| LÐwUi c„ôv msL¨v wQj 378|45 GB L‡Ð cÖ_g L‡Ði wKQy m¤ú~iK
Av‡jvPbv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi (7g †_‡K 14 Zg cviv) Z_v
m~iv gv‡q`v †_‡K m~iv bvn‡ji 128 bs ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| 1986 L„. D³ Zvdmx‡ii Z…Zxq L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK
wQ‡jb ZvdmxiKvi wb‡RB| gy`ª‡Y wQj B÷vY© AvU© wcÖ›Uvm©, cyivZb 20, bZzb 81/1 bqv
cëb, XvKv|
43. cÖv¸³, (XvKv: 1983), 2q LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. ÔRbgZÕ c„ôv `ªóe¨
44. cÖv¸³, (XvKv: 1981), 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
45. cÖv¸³, (XvKv: 1983), 2q LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
392 c„ôvi G LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 45 UvKv|46 GB L‡Ð (15 †_‡K 23 Zg cviv) m~iv
ebxBmivBj †_‡K m~iv Bqvmxb ch©šÍ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1987 L„. D³
Zvdmx‡ii 4_© L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb ZvdmxiKvi wb‡RB|
B÷vY© AvU wcÖ›Uvm©, 81/1 bqv cëb, XvKv-1000, †_‡K GwU gyw`ªZ nq| 454 c„ôvi
GB Zvdmxi LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 55 UvKv|47 GB L‡Ð 23 Zg cvivi m~iv mvd&dvZ †_‡K
30Zg cvivi m~iv bvm ch©šÍ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi G MÖš’wU evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ GK Ag~j¨ ms‡hvRb|
‡gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni
cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K I †jLK Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni 1922 L„. 15 †g
fvi‡Zi Avmvg cÖ‡`‡ki KwigM‡Äi wmsMvwiqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 72 eQi eq‡m
1994 L„. 26 b‡f¤î wZwb BwšÍKvj K‡ib| KjKvZvi `g`g wegvb e›`‡ii wbKU ¯^xq
cÖwZwôZ Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv g`wbqv gvìvmvi cv‡k Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|48 Zuvi wcZvi
bvg (gvIjvbv nvRx) nvwRg Ges gvZvi bvg bvmxgv LvZzb| N‡ivqv cwi‡e‡k wZwb Zuvi
wcZvi wbKU †_‡K Aviex, D`y© I dvm©x fvlvi cÖ_wgK wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| AZci
Avmv‡gi KwigM‡Äi wmsMvwiqvi GKwU gKZ‡e ØxwbqvZ I KziAvb kixd cvV mgvß
K‡ib| wKQyw`b wZwb evsjv 102 bs ¯‹zj I eìcyi Gg,we, ¯‹z‡j covïbv K‡ib|
eìcyi gKZe gvìvmvq 1931-32 L„. Ges eìcyi Gg,we gvìvmvq 1936 L„. 6ô
†kªYx ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| dvBbvj cixÿvq wZwb 1g wefv‡M 1g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib|49
AZci wZwb 1939 L„. wm‡jU Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| 1942 L„. B›Uvi‡gwW‡qU
cixÿvq wZwb 2q ¯’vb Ges 1944 gvìvmvq dvBbvj cixÿvq wZwb cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi
K‡ib| AZci wZwb H eQi †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© nb|50 fvi‡Zi ivgcyi gvìvmv,
†Ìe›` gvìvmv I jvn‡ii GKwU gvìvmvq 1948 L„. ch©šÍ covïbv K‡i gvìvmv
wkÿvi m‡e©v”P wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| wZwb G Dcgnv‡`‡ki wm‡jU, †Ìe›`, ivgcyi I
jvn‡ii KwZcq wewkó Av‡jg I cwÐZe‡M©i KziAvb, nv`xm Z_v Bmjvgx wkÿv welqK
cÖ`Ë wewfbœ `vi‡m AskMÖnY K‡ib| huv‡ì D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv Ges GKvšÍ mvnP‡h© wZwb
GZ DuPygv‡b †cŠuQ‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Avjøvgv Avey bmi Iwn`, gvIjvbv
gvngy`yj
46. cÖv¸³, (XvKv: 1986), 3q LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨
47. cÖv¸³, (XvKv: 1987), 4_© LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨
48. Avey bmi Avãyi iDd msKwjZ, Av`k© Rxeb PwiZ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni,
(KjKvZv: 1998), 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 90-91
49. cÖv¸³, c„. 11-18
50. cÖv¸³, c„. 11-18
nvmvb, †Ìe›` gvìvmvi cwiPvjK K¡vix †gvnv¤§` ˆZqe, jvn‡ii gvIjvbv Avng`
Avjx, gvIjvbv mvweŸi Avng` Imgvbx cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|51
Aa¨vcbv w`‡qB wZwb Zuvi Kg© Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| 1946 L„. wZwb wKQyw`b
wm‡j‡Ui D`y© K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| D‡jøL¨ 1948 L„. †k‡li w`‡K wZwb eìcyi
Kvwgj gvìvmvq Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges 1949 L„. 4 GwcÖj †_‡K Aemi
MÖn‡Yi AvM ch©šÍ KwjKvZv gvìvmvq wZwb cÖvq 21 eQi Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|52 wZwb wewfbœ
mvgvwRK, †mevg~jK I ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡ÐI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb| 1942 L„.

Rwgq‡Z Ijvgv I Ks‡MÖm KZ…©K GK‡hv‡M Bs‡iR‡ì weiæ‡× ÔfviZ QvoÕ Av‡›`vjb ïiæ
n‡j †mLv‡b wZwb wb‡R‡K m¤ú„³ K‡ib| d‡j Zuv‡K wKQyw`b Kviv‡fvMI Ki‡Z nq|
wm‡j‡Ui Students Federation Gi AM©vbBwRs †m‡µUvix wbe©vwPZ nIqvi gva¨‡g
QvÎRxe‡bB Zuvi ivRbxwZ‡Z m¤ú„³ nIqvi welqwU cÖKvk cvq| GKvav‡i wZwb Rwgq‡Z
Ijvgv‡qi cwðge½ kvLvi mfvcwZ, Rwgq‡Z Ijvgv‡q wn‡›ì me©fviZxq m`m¨, `yÕevi
†m›Uªvj nR KwgwUi m`m¨mn cwðge‡½i Øxwb wkÿv †ev‡W©i mvaviY m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|53
wZwb fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ cÖvq 30wU gKZe, 1977 L„. `g`g wegvb e›`‡ii cv‡k Rvwgqv
Bmjvwgqv g`wbqv gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib| cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡KB wZwb D³ gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|54 wZwb Aviex, D`y©, dvm©x, wnw›`, evsjv I Bs‡iRx fvlvq
mgvb cvi`k©x wQ‡jb| `xN© 5 eQi hver ÔBbmvwbqvZÕ bvgK GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv Zvi
m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ nq|55 ÔAvj KziAvb: ZRgv I ZvdmxiÕ Zvdmxi MÖš’wU gvIjvbv
†gvnv¤§` Zv‡n‡ii Rxe‡bi †kªô KxwZ©| MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1970 L„.
cÖKvwkZ nq| g`bx wgkb, 31 bs Kjxb óªxU, KjKvZv-16 G MÖš’wUi cÖKvkbvi `vwq‡Z¡
wQj| GwU iwe AvU©, †cÖm, 15/G, SvDZjv †ivW, KjKvZv-17 ‡_‡K gyw`ªZ nq| 487
c„ôvi G LÐwUi gyj¨ wQj 30 UvKv|56 Zuvi G ZvdmxiwUi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY wb‡æ Zz‡j aiv
nj-
51. †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni, Avj ‡KviAvb ZiRgv I Zvdmxi (KjKvZv: g`bx wgkb, 1970), 1g LÐ, 1g
ms¯‹iY, c„. 16 (f~wgKv `ªóe¨)
52. Avey bvmi Avãyi iDd msKwjZ, Av`k© Rxeb PwiZ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni, cÖv¸³, c„. 21-22
53. cÖv¸³, c„. 91
54. cÖv¸³
55. cÖv¸³
56. cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
Avj KziAvb : ZiRgv I Zvdmxi
Av‡jvP¨ ZvdmxiwUi cÖ_g L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi 1g †_‡K 6ô cviv ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I
Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z e¨vL¨vKvi KZ…©K wjwLZ 16 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKvI
ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| ZvdmxiKvi D³ f~wgKvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi cwiPq, KziAvb msKj‡bi
mswÿß BwZnvm, KwZcq Zvdmxi I ZiRgv msµvšÍ mswÿß Av‡jvPbv, KwZcq Aviex
Zvdmxi I ZvdmxiKvi‡ì bvg, evsjvmn wewfbœ fvlvq KziAv‡bi Abyev` I Zvdmxi
K‡g©i BwZnvm, m~iv, AvqvZ, gbwhj, niKZ, D”PviY I wZjvIqvZ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Dci
mswÿß Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| c~‡e©v³ gy`ªY ms¯’v I cÖKvkbv KZ…©K KjKvZv †_‡K D³
Zvdmx‡ii 2q L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY 1971 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| 478 c„ôvi D³ MÖš’wUi nvw`qv
wQj 35 UvKv|57 D³ L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi 7g †_‡K 12Zg cviv ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I
Zvdmxi AšÍf~©³ n‡q‡Q| GKB cÖKvkbv ms¯’v †_‡K 1971 L„. Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii 3q
L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iYwU cÖKvwkZ nq| 471 c„ôvi D³ LÐwU iwe AvU© †cÖm, KjKvZv †_‡K
gyw`ªZ nq| Av‡jvP¨ L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi 13 ‡_‡K 18 Zg cviv ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I
Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|58 KjKvZvi GKB gy`ªY I GKB cÖKvkbv †_‡K D³ Zvdmx‡ii
4_© L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY 1972 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ LÐwUi c„ôv msL¨v wQj 400| D³
L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi 19Zg cviv †_‡K 24Zg ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
1972 L„. KjKvZvi g`bx wgkb KZ…©K iwe AvU© †cÖm †_‡K D³ Zvdmx‡ii 5g L‡Ði 1g
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|59 414 c„ôvi D³ LÐwU‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi 25 Zg †_‡K 30 Zg
cviv ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii †Kv_vI ev‡g Avevi †Kv_vI Wv‡b GKwU ¯Í‡¤î wfZ‡i g~j
Aviexi KwZcq AvqvZ cÖ`vb c~e©K Dc‡i, wb‡P Ges Wvb I evg cv‡k¦© Avqv‡Zi µwgK
b¤îmn e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Avevi ÔZdmxiÕ wk‡ivbv‡g mswkøó Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vI
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| D³ ZiRgv I Zvdmx‡i g~j Aviexi cvkvcvwk evsjvq cÖ‡Z¨K m~iv
bvwh‡ji ¯’vb, AvqvZ I iæKz msL¨v †Kv_vI Zvmwgqvi g~j Aviex m‡gZ Gi cÖwZeY©vqb
I e½vbyev`mn mswkøó m~ivi e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zuvi Abyev`wU †hgb kvwãK †Zgwb
Abyev‡` AvÂwjK I K_¨ fvlvi cÖfve i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zuvi Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi fvlv mnR,
mij I cÖvÄj|
57. cÖv¸³, (g`bx wgkb, KjKvZv: 1971), 2q LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY,c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
59. cÖv¸³
Luvb evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Luv
Luvb evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Luv 1890 L„. dwi`cyi †Rjvi wkePi Dc‡Rjvi
fvÐvixKvw›` MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib|1 wZwb 1908 L„. ewikvj †Rjv¯‹zj †_‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i
mv‡_ G›Uªvm cvk K‡ib Ges MwYZ wel‡q Gg,G cixÿvq 1913 L„. cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z DËxY©
nb|2 wZwb 1958 L„. XvKvi RMbœv_ K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ, AZtci †i±i wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib|3 wkÿv I a‡g©i cÖwZ Zuvi Cl©Yxq AbyivM wQj| wZwb wkÿvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
wewfbœ wel‡q cÖvq we‡kva© MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|4 Zb¥‡a¨ ÔcuvP m~iv kixdÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev` I mswÿß e¨vL¨v m¤^wjZ MÖš’wU Ab¨Zg| Gi cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU
1948 L„óv‡ã XvKvi cÖwfwÝqvj †gwkb †cÖm †_‡K gynv¤§` Avbmvi Avjx KZ…©K gyw`ªZ
n‡q K¡vix gynv¤§` ekxi, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªix KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq|5 Zuvi G MÖš’wU cÖKv‡ki
ciciB wZwb m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v wjL‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Ges 1952
L„. g‡a¨B m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` mgvß K‡ib|6 Zuvi Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi G
cvÐywjwc‡K wZb L‡Ð wef³ K‡i wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ ‡cÖ‡m gy`ª‡Yi Rb¨ †cÖiY K‡ib|7
Zuvi G MÖ‡š’i 1g L‡Ð 1-10 cviv, 2q L‡Ð 11-20 cviv Ges 3q L‡Ð 21-30
cvivi Abyev` I mswÿß e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wjLK c„_K cviv
wfwËK m~Px ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖwZ m~ivi Abyev‡ì c~‡e© †mB m~ivi bvg D‡jøL c~e©K
D³ m~ivi mswÿßmvi Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Abyev` ¯úó Ki‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b Ò[ ]Ó
Giƒc eÜbxi g‡a¨ wKQy AwZwi³ evsjv kã †hvM K‡i‡Qb| Avevi gvwR©‡bi wb‡P †Kvb
†Kvb Avqv‡Zi Abyev‡` UxKvI ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Abyev` I UxKv wjL‡b †Kvb
mgm¨v Abyfe Ki‡j Zvi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ KjKvZv Avjxqv gvìvmvi f~Zc~e© †nW gIjfx
kvgmyj Djvgv wejvqvZ û‡mBb I XvKv Avjxqv gvìvmvi wkÿK Avjøvgv bvmxi DÏx‡bi
mn‡hvMxZv MÖnY Ki‡Zb|8 KjKvZv Avjxqv gvìvmvi wmwbqi Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv
†gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni Zuvi G Abyev` MÖš’‡K ÔmgvwaK wbf©i‡hvM¨Õ9 e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e
W. gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK Gi g‡Z|10 Luvb evnv`y‡ii Aviex Áv‡bi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y Zuvi G
Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbx µwU gy³ bq|

2. cÖv¸³
5. Avjx Avn¤§`, cÖv¸³, c„. 58
7. Ave`yi ingvb Luv Ab~w`Z, KziAvb kixd, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªix, XvKv: 1979, 1g LÐ, 2q ms¯‹iY,
(f~wgKv `ªóe¨), c„. 10
9. ‡gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 10 (f~wgKv `ªóe¨)
10. D×„Z, †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 119
gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK (dwi`cyix)
gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix (i.) e„nËi dwi`cy‡ii †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi MIni
Wv½v MÖv‡g 1898 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|11 Zuvi wcZvi bvg gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn I gvZvi bvg
Av‡gbv LvZzb| wZwb ¯’vbxq cvUMwZi GK wn›`y cwÐ‡Zi Kv‡Q cÖv_wgK wjLv cov ïiæ
K‡ib| AZci Uzw½cvov I ewikv‡ji mywUqvKvwV ¯‹zj n‡Z cÖv_wgK wkÿv †kl K‡i
1915 L„. †bvqv cvovi evNwoqv nvB ¯‹zj †_‡K 6ô †kªYxi evwl©K cixÿvq cÖ_g ¯’vb
AwaKvi K‡ib| AZci 1919 L„. KjKvZv Avwjqv gv`&ivmv †_‡K G¨vs‡jv-cvwm©qvb
wefvM n‡Z cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvq DËxY© nb|12 Zvici Zuvi wcZvi wb‡`©‡k KjKvZvi
†cÖwm‡WÝx K‡jR fwZ© n‡q wKQyw`b †jLv co Kivi ci 1920 L„. Bmjvgx wkÿv AR©‡bi
gvb‡m fvi‡Zi †Ìe‡›ì D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv K‡ib|13 wZwb cÖ_‡g fvi‡Zi mvnvivbcyi
gvìvmvq Pvi eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZci `viæj Djyg †Ìe‡›ì gvIjvbv ûmvBb
Avng` gv`vbx, gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvkwgix (i) mn D³ gvìvmvi ¯^bvgab¨
D¯ÍvRM‡Yi wbKU AviI Pvi eQi KziAvb, nv`xm I Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq wel‡q Aa¨qb K‡i
Bmjvgx wkÿvi m‡e©v”P wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib|14 wZwb 1928 L„. †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib Ges
eªvþb evoxqv Rv‡gqv BDbywmqv gvìvmvi gynZvwgg wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib|15
wZwb KIgx avivi A‡bK¸‡jv wkÿv cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jb| Zb¥‡a¨ 1935 L„.
ev‡Minv‡Ui MRvwjqv gvìvmv 1936 L„. XvKvi Rv‡gqv †nvmvBwbqv Avkivdzj Djyg, eo
KvUiv gvìvmv, 1937 L„. †MvcvjM‡Äi MIni Wv½vq Avj Rv‡gqv Avj Bmjvwgqv
`viæj Dj~g Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg, 1950 L„. XvKvi jvjev‡Mi Rv‡gqv KziAvwbqv Avivweqv I
1956 L„. cÖwZwôZ XvKv dwi`vev‡Mi Rv‡gqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g D‡jøL‡hvM¨|16
mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I †mevg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi cvkvcvwk wZwb wewfbœ wel‡q †ò kZvwaK
Bmjvgx MÖš’I iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iPbvejxi g‡a¨ Ônv°vbx ZdQxiÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ
KziAv‡bi wewfbœ m~ivi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨vB we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
11. Ave`yj AvIqvj m¤úvw`Z, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb cwÎKv (40 el©, 3q msL¨v, Rvbyqvix- gvP©, 2001),
c„. 61
12. †gvt Ave`ym mvËvi, dwi`cy‡i Bmjvg, (XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, 19993), c„. 160
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 162
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 1263
16. cÖv¸³,
cweÎ KziAv‡b Zvi e½vbyev` I Zvdmx‡ii g‡a¨ ÔQyiv BqvwQ‡bi ZdQxiÕ me©
cÖ_g 1950 L„. AvwRRyj nK KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ nq|17 Z‡e G MÖš’wU GLb `y®cÖvc¨|
gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix (i.) Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡m m¤ú~Y© KziAv‡bi
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi Kg© ïiæ K‡ib Ges AK¬všÍ cwikªg K‡i evsjv fvlvq m¤ú~Y©
KziAv‡bi 16000 c„ôvi GKwU Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i cvÐywjwc ˆZix K‡ib|18 Zuvi G cvÐywjwc
†_‡K AvswkK fv‡e Ônv°vbx ZdQxi AvgcvivÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 1961 L„. XvKvi nvwgw`qv
jvB‡eªix KZ©„K GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq|19 1966 L„. Ônv°vbx ZdQxi cvÄ Qyiv; evsjv
ZiRgv I ZdQxiÕ AvL¨vq gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix I gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (i.)

Gi †hŠ_ bv‡g XvKvi nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix KZ…©K cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ask we‡k‡li GKwU
Zvdmxi MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq|20 1966 L„. ÔZdQxi Qyiv dvwZnv: cvÄ QyivÕ wk‡ivbv‡g XvKvi
Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix (i.) KZ…©K Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ cuvPwU
m~iv cÖKvk K‡i| G MÖ‡š’ m~iv dvwZnv, ûRivZ, K¡vd, mvd I RygyÕAv ms‡hvwRZ
n‡q‡Q|21
gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix (i.) Zuvi RxeÏkvq Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ Ônv°vbx ZdQxiÕ
Gi m¤ú~Y© cvÐywjwci cÖKvkbv †`‡L †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb Zuvi cÖwZwôZ ÔLv‡`gyj Bmjvg
RvgvqvZÕ Gi m`m¨ I Zuvi D‡ËvivaxKvix‡ì cÖwZ IwmqZ K‡i e‡jb- Ò‡Zvgiv †h fv‡eB
cvi cÖ_‡g GKevi AweKj ûeû Avgvi GB ZdQxi hvnv Rxe‡bi †kl i³we›`y wbt†kl K‡i wj‡LwQ,
QvcvBqv wÌÓ|22 Zuvi AwmqZ Abyhvqx Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg RvgvqvZ 1982 L„. 8 Rvbyqvix
D³ Zvdmx‡ii 1g LÐ (1g cviv) eY© †jLv †cÖm, 7 iƒcvjvj `vm †jb, XvKv †_‡K
cÖKvk K‡i|23 Zuvi e¨vL¨vZ ÔZdQxi nv°vbxiÕ Ask we‡kl cÖKvwkZ nIqvici †Kvb
†Kvb eyw×Rxex I gymwjg cwÐZ †hgb cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb Abyiƒc mgv‡jvPbvI K‡i‡Qb|
gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK e‡jb- ÒQì mv‡ne ûhy‡iii Ag~j¨ KxwZ© nv°vbx Zvdmxi evsjv fvlx
cvVK‡ì Rb¨ wbtm‡›`‡n GK Ag~j¨ Ae`vb|Ó24 W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb e‡jb- ÒG‡K †Kvb
w`K w`‡qB †Zgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ I mv_©K Zvdmxi ejv P‡j bv|Ó25 Zuvi Gi Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i fvlvq
Aviex, dvm©x I D`y© fvlvi k‡ãi h‡_ô eënvi n‡q‡Q Ges evsjv mvay I PwjZ ixwZi
A‡bK mswgkªY N‡U‡Q| Z‡e me©mvavi‡Yi mnR‡eva¨Zvi Rb¨B wZwb G cš’v Aej¤^b
K‡i‡Qb e‡j ÔAvgv‡ì AviRÕ As‡k G Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
17. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³
18. kvgQyj nK dwicyix, nv°vbx ZdQxi, (XvKv: 1982), 1g LÐ, c„. (Avgv‡ì AviR) `ªóe¨
20. cªv¸³, c„. 209
22. kvgQyj nK dwicyix, 1g LÐ, (Avgv‡ì AviR `ªóe¨)- (L)
23. cÖv¸³, c„. AvL¨cÎ c„ôv `ªóe¨
25. cÖv¸³
†gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKxg I †gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb Gi †hŠ_ Abyev`
GK. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKxg
†gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKxg 1887 L„. eZ©gvb †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi gKmy`cyi _vbvi
AšÍM©Z bMimy›ìx MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib|26 Zuvi wcZvi bvg †gvnv¤§` Avãyj Mbx|
Kvwkqvbx nvB¯‹zj †_‡K G›Uªvm cvm K‡iB wZwb Zuvi cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv †kl K‡ib| wkÿv
Rxeb †kl K‡i wZwb K‡qK eQi bMiKv›`v gvìvmvi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| AZci KjKvZvi ¯’vbxq Wv³vi gynv¤§` kix‡di †cÖ‡m PvKzix‡Z †hvM`vb
K‡ib|27 evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq kvLvq Zuvi Ae`vb Awe¯§iYxq| wZwb GKvav‡i Kwe,
mvwnwZ¨K, Jcb¨vwmK, ivRbxwZK, ag© cÖPviK, mye³v I cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev`K
wQ‡jb|28 cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi Kg©wUB nj Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªô KxwZ©|
PvKyix Kiv Kvjxb wZwb ÔAvQviæZ QvjvZ,Õ ÔwRnv‡` wn‡›`v¯’vbÕ, ÔGk‡K †MvjRviÕ,
ÔBmjvg msMxZ,Õ ÔkwiqZzj gym‡jwgb,Õ Ôgmjv gvmv‡qjÕ, ÔGk‡K RIniÕ I ÔAjKv
my›ìxÕ 29| cÖf…wZ cyw_u mvwnZ¨ iPbv I cÖKvk K‡i mvwnZ¨v½‡b †ek mybvg AR©b K‡ib|
1916 L„. †_‡K 1947 L„. ch©šÍ wZwb mvsevw`KZv †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| gyÝx †kL
Avãyi iwng cwiPvwjZ mvßvwnK Ô‡gvmwjg wn‰ZlxÕ KjKvZvi cÖwm× cy¯ÍK eëmvqx
dv‡Rj GÐ m‡Ýi mnvqZvq gvwmK ÔBmjvg `k©bÕ gvIjvbv iƒûj Avwgb KZ©©„K cÖwZwôZ
mvßvwnK ÔnvbvdxÕ Ô‡gvm‡jgÕ ˆ`wbK Ôe½byiÕ cÖf…wZ cwÎKvq m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| 30
wZwb dzidzivi cxi gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmÏxK mv‡n‡ei GKvšÍ Abyi³ wQ‡jb|
Zuvi mv‡_ wewfbœ ag©xq gvnwd‡j †hvM`vb K‡i e³…Zv Ki‡Zb| wewfbœ ag©xq msMV‡bi
mv‡_I wZwb m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb| wZwb 1928 L„. ÔAvÄygv‡b Iqv‡qRx‡b evsjvÕi m¤úv`Kmn
`xN©w`b Rwgq‡Z Ijvgv‡q evsjvi m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
26. Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 147-184; W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb , cÖv¸³, c„. 249
27. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 249; †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 85
28. ‡gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³ ,
29. ‡gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³ , c„. 85-86
30. gydvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 86; Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 148; W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb,
cÖv¸³, c„. 249-250
†k‡i evsjv G, †K dRjyj n‡Ki Drmv‡nB wZwb ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib| 1930 L„.
wZwb ÔwbwLj e½ K…lK cÖRv mwgwZÕi Kvh©Kix msm‡ì m`m¨ I 1940 L„. Ôe½xq
cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jxMÕi hyM¥ m¤úv`K wbhy³ nb| wZwb gymwjg jx‡Mi cvj©v‡g›Uvix
†ev‡W©iI †Rbv‡ij KwgwUi m`m¨ wQ‡jb| cieZ©x Kv‡j gymwjg jxM †_‡K †ei n‡q
ivRbxwZ †_‡K Aemi ‡bb| wZwb 1950 L„. †_‡K 1957 L„. ch©šÍ MÖv‡gi evox
bMimy›ìx‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges 1957 L„. 8 Rvbyqvix BnKvj Z¨vM K‡ib|31
`yB. †gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb
evsjv fvlvq cweÎ †KviAv‡bi Abyev` I Zvdmxi PP©v K‡i hviv wPi ¯§iYxq
n‡q Av‡Qb Rbve †gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb Zuv‡ìB GKRb| Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© we‡kl
wKQz Rvbv hvq wb| KjKvZvi 33 bs cvIqvi †jbG wZwb Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb| Z‡e Zuvi
‰cwÎKwbevm wQj XvKv †Rjvi ZrKvjxb gvwbKMÄ gnKzgvq|32 †m wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K
gvwbKMÄ †Rjvi Awaevmx aiv hvq| Ôgmjv wkÿvÕ I Ô‡kl bexÕ bv‡g `yBwU MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi
cvkvcvwk wZwb †gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKx‡gi mv‡_ cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi
Kv‡h© Ask MÖnb K‡ib| ‡gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb I †gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvwKg Zuv‡ì c~e©myix
KwZcq gymwjg cwÐZ I KwZcq wfbœ ag©vej¤^x KZ…©K AvswkK wKsev m¤ú~Y© Ab~w`Z I
e¨vL¨vZ KziAv‡bi cixÿv I ch©v‡jvPbvi ci cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmx‡ii
cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| Zvu‡ì g‡Z Zuv‡ì c~e©myix‡ì Abyev`¸‡jv B”Qv-Awb”QvK…Z åg-
cÖgv`c~Y©, `y‡e©va¨, A¯úó, fve cÖKv‡k Aÿg, RwUj, †nqvwjc~Y©, RoZv, I åvwšÍc~Y©|
ZvQvov e¨vL¨v¸‡jv‡Z Ávb M‡elYv I wPšÍv Pvjbvi ¯^íZv AÜhy‡Mi cwiKwíZ Am¤ú~Y©
gZev`, mv¤cÖ`vwqK msKxY©Zvi ewn:cÖKvk, A‰bmjvwmK wewÿß Kvwnbxi cybiæw³,
KziAv‡bi A_© I g‡g©i weK…ZKiY cÖf…wZ Kg© Kv‡Ði mgvnvi N‡U‡Q|33
D‡jøwLZ Kvi‡YB †gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKxg I †gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb KziAvb
kix‡di GK me©v ½my›ì, mij, mnR, cÖvÄj I weï× Abyev` Ges me© mvavi‡Yi
†evaMg¨ Zvdmxi cÖYq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ G gnvb Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|34 G Abyev` I
Zvdmxi cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î huvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Aby‡cÖiYv wQj, wZwb n‡jb dzidzivi cxi
nhiZ Avey eKi mv‡ne (i.)| `xN© 17 eQi cwikªg K‡i †gvnv¤§` Avãyj nvKxg I
†gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb mgMÖ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi iPbv Ki‡Z mÿg nb|
31 Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„. 148
32. cÖv¸³, c„. 23533. ‡gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb (I) †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvKxg Ab~w`Z, †KviAvb kixd,
(XvKv: Imgvwbqv eyK wWcy, Zv.we.), c„. Ôwb‡e`bÕ `ªóe¨
33. cÖv¸³
34. cÖv¸³, c„. Ôwb‡e`bÕ `ªóe¨
1922 L„. 15 wW‡m¤î KziAv‡bi 1g cviv Ges 1938 L„. wW‡m¤î gv‡m 30Zg cviv
cÖKvwkZ nq| `xN© 16 eQi a‡i LÐvKv‡i m¤ú~Y© ZvdmxiwU cÖKvk K‡ib nvwdR gynv¤§`
dv‡Rj GÐ mÝ, †KviAvb cvewjwks †Kv¤úvbx, 47 wicb ÷ªxU, KjKvZv|35 MÖš’wUi

cÖwZwU cvivi g~j¨ wQj AvU Avbv| 36
D³ ZvdmxiwUi c„ôvb&Kmn LÐ mg~‡ni cÖKv‡ki mb-ZvwiL wb¤œiƒc :37
cvivi µwgK bs c„ôvb&K cÖKv‡ki ZvwiL cÖKvkKvj
1g cviv 1-58 15 wW‡m¤î 1922 L„.
2q cviv 59-118 15 wW‡m¤î 1922 L„.
3q cviv 119-188 10 Ryb 1923 L„.
4_© cviv 189-256 3 A‡±vei 1923 L„.
5g cviv 257-320 31 wW‡m¤î 1923 L„.
6ô cviv 321-388 20 gvP© 1924 L„.
7g cviv 389-456 15 RyjvB 1925 L„.
8g cviv 457-516 1 A‡±vei 1925 L„.
9g cviv 517-584 25 †deªæqvix 1926 L„.
10g cviv 585-644 1 AvMó 1926 L„.
11k cviv 645-708 30 Rvbyqvix 1927 L„.
12k cviv 709-772 15 wW‡m¤î 1917 L„.
13k cviv 773-828 28 †g 1928 L„.
14k cviv 829-892 1 †m‡Þ¤î 1928 L„.
15k cviv 893-964 20 Rvbyqvix 1929 L„.
16k cviv 965-1024 1 AvMÕ 1929 L„.
17k cviv 1025-1080 1 gvP© 1930 L„.
18k cviv 1081-1144 15 Ryb 1930 L„.
19k cviv 1145-1208 1 wW‡m¤î 1930 L„.
20Zg cviv 1209-1260 10 RyjvB 1931 L„.
21Zg cviv 1261-1328 15 wW‡m¤î 1931 L„.
35. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, cÖv¸³, c„. 58

36. cÖv¸³
37. W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 183-184
cvivi µwgK c„ôvb&K cÖKv‡ki ZvwiL cÖKvkKvj
22Zg cviv 1329-1396 1 Ryb 1932 L„.

23Zg cviv 1397-1456 15 Ryb 1933 L„.
24Zg cviv 1457-1510 1 A‡±vei 1934 L„.
25Zg cviv 1511-1572 15 †deªæqvix 1935 L„.
26Zg cviv 1573-1638 15 Ryb 1936 L„.
27Zg cviv 1639-1704 10 GwcÖj 1937 L„.
28Zg cviv 1705-1772 18 wW‡m¤î 1937 L„.
29Zg cviv 1773-1844 20 b‡f¤î 1938 L„.
30Zg cviv 1885-1966 6 wW‡m¤î 1938 L„.
D‡jøwLZ Abyev` I Zvdmxi K‡g©i cÖ_g cvivi AvL¨vcÎwU wbæiƒc:38

‫ﻓﺎﻧﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺮﻧﺎه ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻚ ﻟﻌﻠﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﺬﻛﺮون‬
AbšÍi GB Rb¨ Avwg Dnv (†Kvivb kwid) †Zvgvi fvlvq mnR KwiqvwQ|
†hb Zvnviv eywS‡Z cv‡i †Kvivb|
†Kvivb kwid
gyj Aviexmn
weï× e½vbyev` I we¯Z…Z Zdmxi
1g cviv
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvwKg I †gvnv¤§` Avwj nvmvb
Ab~w`Z I msKwjZ
cÖKvkK: †gvnv¤§` dv‡Rj GÐ mÝ
47 bs wicb ÷ªxU, KjKvZv|
g~j¨ (†PŠÏ) Avbv
G‡R›U, Gd, Avn¤§` GÐ eªv`ªvm© 78 bs ‡gŠjex evRvi,
XvKv|
Zuv‡ì G Zvdmx‡i m~ivi AeZxY© ¯’vb, µwgK msL¨v, evsjv I Aviex‡Z m~ivi
bvg, AvqvZ msL¨vi D‡jøL, Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv I Gi e½vbyev`, cÖwZwU m~ivq c„ôvi Wvb
cv‡k¦© gyj Aviex I evg cv‡k¦© e½vbyev` Ges gvwR©‡bi wb‡P UxKv-wUàbxmn we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ Abyev` I fv‡lï fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj|
38. cÖv¸³
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv
c„w_exi AmsL¨ fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi MÖš’ cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv
fvlvfvlx AvwjgMY †m me Zvdmxi MÖš’ †_‡K cÖwm× wKQy Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev`
K‡i‡Qb| wb‡æ evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni Dci bvwZ-`xN©
ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj-
1. Zvdmx‡i m~iv BDmyd
wewkó M‡elK gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb1 gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lvb (i.) Gi
ÔZvdmx‡ii m~iv BDmydÕiÕ e½vbyev` K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wUi g~j fvlv wQj D`y©| cÖL¨vZ Avwjg
gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lvb2 (i.) †i½y‡b Ae¯’vbKv‡j (1931-1940) †i½y‡bi evOvjx
Rv‡g gmwR‡` wbqwgZ Zvdmxi †ck Ki‡Zb| †mB Zvdmx‡ii m¤úvw`Z cvÐywjwci
wKq`sk nj ÔZvdmx‡i m~iv BDmydÕ| Z`vwbšÍb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b cvÐywjwç‡jv fvlvšÍwiZ
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv w`‡j gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv XvKvi gynvwÏm gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb
ÔZvdmx‡i m~iv BDmydÕi cvÐywjwcwU e½vbyev` K‡ib|3
1. gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki jÿxcyi †Rjvi fevbxM‡Äi Awaevmx Ges miKvix
gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv, XvKvi wkÿK| Zuvi RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© Avi †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb| (gydZx `xb
†gvnv¤§` Lvb (i.), Zvdmx‡i m~iv BDmyd, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1997, 2q ms, c„.
ÔcÖKvk‡Ki K_vÕ `ªóe¨|)
2. gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lvb (i.) 1900 L„. XvKvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| XvKvq gvIjvbv Beªvnxg †ckIqvixi
wbKU ag©xq wkÿvR©‡bi ci wZwb 1915 L„. fvi‡Z Mgb K‡ib Ges †Ìe›` I w`jøxi Avwgwbqv
gvìvmvi ¯^bvgab¨ wkÿK‡ì wbKU KziAvb- nv`x‡mi D”P wkÿvR©b K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb XvKvi
nv¤§vw`qv gvìvmv, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq (1946), gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv XvKv, jvjev‡Mi Rv‡gqv KziAvwbqv
(1950) cÖf„wZ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b mybv‡gi mv‡_ wkÿKZv K‡ib| wZwb 1931-1940 L„. evg©vi ZrKvjxb
ev½vjx gmwR‡ì gydZx I LZxe wQ‡jb| 1940 L„. †i½yb †_‡K XvKvq G‡m PKevRvi Rv‡g gmwR‡`
Zvdmxi Abyôvb ïiæ K‡ib| cvkvcvwk XvKv †iwWI Gi ÔKziAvb nvKxg I Avgv‡ì wR‡›`MxÕ kxl©K
Kg©m~Pxi Aax‡b wKQyw`b Zvdmxi K‡ib| wZwb evIqvbx RyUwg‡j cÖwZwôZ Zvdmxiæj KziAvb lvb¥vwmK
†Kv‡m©i A‡bK eQi a‡i (A‰eZwbK I e„wËcÖvß) gydvmwmi wQ‡jb| cÖ‡dmi W. G.Avi.Gg. Avjx
nvq`vi gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Luvb (i.) Gi †øb¨ QvÎ‡ì Ab¨Zg| wZwb c~e© evsjv Rwgq‡Z Ijvgv-B-
Bmjv‡gi mvaviY m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| wZwb 3 wW‡m¤î, 1974 L„. XvKvq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| jvjevM kvnx
gmwR` cÖv½‡b Zuv‡K Kei¯’ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi iPbvejxi g‡a¨ ÔZvdmx‡i m~iv BDmydÕ I ÔAvhnviæj
Avive wdZZviRvgvwZ Iqvj Bbkv-B-Iqvj Av`veÕ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| (W. gynv¤§` Ave`yjøvn, evsjv‡`‡ki
L¨vZbvgv Aviexwe`, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1986 L„. 1g ms, c„. 92-95
3. gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. Ô‡jL‡Ki AvihÕ `ªóe¨
m~iv BDm~‡di GB e½vbyev`xZ ZvdmxiwU XvKvi †K›`ªxq Zvdmxi KwgwU me© cÖ_g 1383
wn. gyZvweK 1963 L„. cÖKvk K‡i| gy`ªK wQ‡jb AvjnvR¡ Gmivi Avng` Lvb|4 Gi
wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k KZ©„K 1997 L„.| Gi g~j¨
nj 34 UvKv| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 133|5 Z‡e GwU nj BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k Gi
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY| D³ Zvdmx‡i ÔcÖKvk‡Ki K_vÕ I Ô‡jL‡Ki AvihÕ QvovI G‡Z GKwU
m~PxcÎ i‡q‡Q| nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i wewfbœ welq wba©vwiZ c~e©K
G m~ivi Zvdmxi‡K wZbwU Aa¨v‡q wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~j Aviexmn cÖwZwU Avqv‡Zi
e½vbyev` c~e©K Zvdmxi wk‡ivbvgvq Gi e¨vL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Avqv‡Z c„_K
Abyev` cÖ`Ë n‡jI Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤î D‡jøL Kiv nqwb| wb‡æ D³ m~ivi cÖ_g w`K
†_‡K wKq`s‡ki Abyev` bgybv wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv nj-
ÒAvwjd jvg-iv-GB mKj ¯úó wKZv‡ei AvqvZ mg~n| Avgiv Zvnv bvwhj KwiqvwQ Aviex
KziAvb iƒ‡c| nqZ †Zvgiv eywS‡Z cvwi‡e............. Avgiv eY©bv Kwi †Zvgiv wbKU
PgrKvi eqvb| †Kbbv Avgiv AeZxY© KwiqvwQ †Zvgvi cÖwZ GB KziÕAvb| Avi Zzwg BwZc~‡e©
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c bv Iqv‡Kd wQ‡j|Ó6
gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lv‡bi D`©y G MÖ‡š’i g~j e¨vL¨vskwUI wQj A‡bKUv kvwãK ch©v‡qi|
e½vbyev‡ì †ÿ‡ÎI Zv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| evsjvq Ab~w`Z G MÖ‡š’i fvlv‡K mnR mij
I cÖvÄj ejv hvq|
2. Kvbhyj Bidvb I †gvLZviæZ Zvdmxi
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avng` wihv Luv I gvIjvbv bCgyÏxb gyiv`vev`xi D`©y fvlvq
iwPZ ÔZvdmx‡i AvgcvivÕi Av‡iKRb Abyev`K n‡jb PÆMÖv‡gi Awaevmx gvIjvbv KvRx
†gvnv¤§` gyCb DÏxb Avkivdx| Zuvi Ab~w`Z ÔKvbhyj Bidvb I †gvLZviæZ ZvdmxiÕ
MÖš’wU cÖKvk K‡i PÆMÖv‡gi AvÄygvb wcÖ›Uvm© GÐ cvewjkvm© I gynv¤§`x KzZze Lvbv| G
MÖš’wU cweÎ KyiAv‡bi 30Zg cvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi m¤^wjZ GKwU msKjb| Gi
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq 1984 L„. AvÄygvb wcÖ›Uvm© GÐ cvewjkvm© I Bmjvwgqv wj‡Lv
†cÖm, PÆMÖvg †_‡K| Gi g~j¨ 45 UvKv|7 G msKjbwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb| G msKj‡bi cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev`wU nj gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
Avng` wihv Luv (i.) KZ©„K D`©y fvlvq cÖYxZ ÔKvbhyj CgvbÕ MÖ‡š’i|
4. Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, cÖv¸³, 8g LÐ, c„. 683
5. gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
6. cÖv¸³.
7. KvRx gynv¤§` gyCb DÏxb, Kvbhyj Bidvb I †gvLZviæZ Zvdmxi, AvÄygvb wcÖ›Uvm© GÐ cvewjkvm©,
PÆMÖvg: 1984 L„, 1g ms, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
UxKv ev Zvdmxi AskwU nj gvIjvbv bCg DÏxb gyiv`vev`x (i.) KZ©„K D`©y fvlvq
wjwLZ ÔLvhvBbyj BidvbÕ MÖ‡š’i| D³ msKj‡bi m¤úv`K gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj
gbœvb e‡jb, e½vbyev‡ì ci wKZve Lvbvi bvgKiY Kiv nq ÔKvbhyj Bidvb I
†gvLZviæZ ZvdvmxiÕ8|
G MÖš’wUi wØZxq I Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991 I 1995 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq h_vµ‡g|

cÖKvkbvq wQj Ôgynv¤§`x KzZze LvbvÕ Av›ìwKjøv, PÆMÖvg| msKjbwUi cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Y
Ô†jL‡Ki e³e¨Õ, m¤úv`‡Ki ÔgyLeÜÕ I Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`M‡Yi KwZcq ÔAwfgZÕ
ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e 2q I 3q ms¯‹i‡Y ÔgyLeÜÕ I ÔAwfgZÕ ¸‡jv wejyß Kiv nq|
Avi m¤úv`‡Ki gyLeÜwU cÖKvk‡Ki e³e¨ wn‡m‡e Pvwj‡q †`qv nq| cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi
m~Px wQj cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Øviv KwZcq gvmAvjvi mgvav‡bi wk‡ivbvg wb‡`©kK|
Avi cieZ©x ms¯‹i‡Yi m~PxwU nj Avgcvivi m~iv mg~n‡K µgvbymv‡i wjwce× K‡i|
Av‡jvP¨ Abyev‡ì cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU m~iv ÔbvevÕ Øviv Avi¤¢ n‡jI cieZ©x ms¯‹iYi¸‡jv‡Z
m~iv dvwZnv‡K cÖ_‡g ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|9
Av‡jvP¨ msKj‡bi cÖwZwU m~ivq evsjv I Aviex‡Z m~ivi bvg, AeZxY© ¯’vb,
AvqvZ I iæKzi msL¨v D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Abyev`K msKj‡b g~j Aviexmn cÖ_‡g Kvbhyj
Cgv‡bi e½vbyev`, AZci LvhvBbyj BidvbÕi e½vbyev` Gici m~ivi †hvMm~Î, bvgKiY,
kv‡b byh~j, ZvnKxK I me©‡k‡l m~ivi mvigg© Gi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb|
3. Zvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj KziAvb
cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmi gydZx gynv¤§` kdx (i.) Gi Abe`¨ iPbv nj Zvdmx‡i gvÔ
Av‡idzj †KviAvb| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Bmjvgx
kvmbZ‡š¿i GKwU iƒc‡iLv ˆZixi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1948 L„. kvweŸi Avng` Imgvbx (i.) Gi
wb‡`©‡kB gydZx gynv¤§` kdx Rb¥f~wg fvi‡Zi †Ìe›` Z¨vM K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡b P‡j hvb|
wZwb †h D‡Ï‡k¨ †mB mg‡q cvwK¯Ív‡b c`vc©Y K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Ac~Y© †_‡K hvq| wZwb
nZvk bv n‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi gymwjg RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Bmjvgx Av`k© m‡PZbZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨
`vIqvZx KvR ïiæ K‡ib| G D‡Ï‡k¨ 1950 L„. wZwb KivwPi AvivgevM gmwR‡` cweÎ
†KviAv‡bi avivevwnK `vim cÖ`vb ïiæ K‡ib| `xN© mvZ eQ‡i c~b©v½ KziAv‡bi `vim
mgvß K‡ib|10 AZci wZwb gvÔAv‡idzj KziAvbÕ bv‡g †iwWI cvwK¯Ív‡b GKwU
avivevwnK Kw_Kv cÖPv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
8. KvRx gynv¤§` gyCb DÏxb, cÖv¸³, c„. gyLeÜ `ªóe¨|
9. cÖv¸³
10. gydZx gynv¤§` kdx, Zvdmw‡i gvÔ Av‡idzj †KviAvb (gywnDÏbx Lvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z), (BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1992), 1g LÐ, 6ô ms®‹iY, c„. 11-12
Zvici 1388 wn. †_‡K ÔZvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvbÕ iPbv ïiæ K‡ib Ges 1392
wn. 21 kvevb Zvwi‡L ÔgvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvbÕ Gi †jLvi KvR †kl K‡ib|13 cÖvq mvZ
nvRvi c„ôvi D`y© fvlvi D³ Zvdmx‡i gydZx gynv¤§` kdx †h mg¯Í cÖvgvY¨ MÖ‡š’i mvnvh¨
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zvig‡a¨ ÔZvdmxi Beb RvixiÕ, ÔBeb KvmxiÕ, ÔKziZzex, KvexiÕ, ÔAvj
evniæj gynxZÕ, Avjøvgv Rvmmv‡mi ÔAvnKvgyj KziAvbÕ, ÔAv` `yiiæj gvbm~iÕ, ÔgvhnvixÕ
I Ôiæûj gvÔAvbxÕ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k KZ©„K D³ Zvdmx‡ii
e½vbyev` Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡j gvwmK Ôg`xbvÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K gvIjvbv
gywnDÏxb Lvb12 ‡K G e½vbyev‡ì `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq|
11. gydZx gynv¤§` kdx, Zvdmw‡i gvÔ Av‡idzj †KviAvb (gywnDÏbx Lvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z), BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1992, 1g LÐ, 6ô ms®‹iY, c„. 11-12
12. gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Luvb 1342 e. 7 êkvL, 1936 L„. 19 GwcÖj ïµevi wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv
_vbvi Agicyi MÖv‡g Zuvi gvZzjvj‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wcZv nvKxg AvbQvi DwÏb Luvb gqgbwmsn
†Rjvi MdiMuvI Dc‡Rjvi AvbQvi bMi MÖv‡gi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| wZwb †ckvq GKRb ¯’vbxq †nwKgx
wPwKrmK Ges MÖv‡gi GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi A‰eZwbK wkÿK wQ‡jb| wZwb Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q wn‡›ì
†m‡µUvix I BDwbqb cwil‡ì m`m¨ Ges c‡i †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wcZvi wbKU
†_‡K gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lv‡bi wkÿvi nv‡Z Lwo nq| cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡k cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvwßi ci
1943 L„. †gv‡gbkvnx †Rjvi MdiMuvI _vbvi cuvPevM wmwbqi gvìvmvq wZwb fwZ© nb Ges GKB
gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb 1951 L„. cÖ_g ‡kªYx‡Z Avwjg Ges 1953 L„. cÖ_g wefv‡M dvwRj cvk K‡ib|
AZci gvìvmv-B- Avjxqv XvKv †_‡K 1955 L„. Kvwgj nvw`m wefvM †_‡K cÖ_g †kªYx Ges 1956 L„.
cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z Kvwgj wdK&n wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ D`~© ˆ`wbK ÔcvmebÕ cwÎKvi evZ©v
wefv‡Mi GKRb Kg©xiƒ‡c 1951 L„. Rbve gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lv‡bi Kg©Rxeb ïiæ nq| AZci 1956
L„. wZwb D³ cwÎKvi mnKvix m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges ÔcvmebÕ KZ„©c‡ÿi cÖKvwkZ evsjv
cwÎKv ÔAvRÕ Gi m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e 1957 L„. †hvM`vb K‡ib| GKB mv‡_ mvßvwnK Ô‡bRv‡g BmjvgÕ,
ˆ`wbK ÔbvRvZÕ Ges ˆ`wbK ÔAvRv`Õ cwÎKvq wZwb LÐKvjxb `vwqZ¡I cvjb K‡ib| wZwb 1960 L„.
cÖKvwkZ `viæj Djyg BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgxi gyLcvÎ Ôw`kvixÕi m¤úv`bv cwil` Gi Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb|
1961 L„. †_‡K wZwb ÔgvwmK g`xbvÕ cwÎKvi cÖKvkbv I m¤úv`bv ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi m¤úv`bv I
cwiPvjbvq 1966-1970 L„. ch©šÍ Ôbqv RvgvbvÕ bvgK GKwU mvßvwnK cÖKvwkZ nq| wZwb eZ©gv‡b
gvwmK Ôg`xbvÕ I mvßvwnK Ôgymwjg RvnvbÕ bvgK cwÎKvi m¤úv`bvq m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Qb| fviZ I
cvwK¯Ívbmn wZwb we‡k¦i cÖvq PwjøkwU ‡`k mdi K‡i‡Qb|7 wZwb Bmjvgx ivRbxwZi mv‡_ Ir†cÖvZfv‡e
RwoZ i‡q‡Qb| QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wZwb ivRbxwZi mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb| wZwb gvìvmv-B-
Avjxqv XvKvq Aa¨vqbKv‡j Rwgq‡Z Zvjvev‡q Avivweqvi `yÕevi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| cieZ©x‡Z
wZwb Rwgq‡Z Ijvgv‡q Bmjv‡gi mn-mfvcwZ Ges c‡i mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| D³ msMV‡bi cÿ
†_‡K wZwb 1970 L„. msm` wbe©vP‡bI AskMÖnY K‡ib|
wZwb 1977 L„. †_‡K 1984 L„. g‡a¨ D`y© fvlvq iwPZ 8 L‡Ði G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` 8
L‡Ð †kl K‡ib|13
ÔZvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvbÕ Gi e½vbyev` Bmjvgx mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi †kªôZg

iPbv| wb‡gœ Zuvi e½vbyevw`Z ÔZvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvbÕ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nj| D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb wb‡R e‡jb,
ÒG Abyev‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb KZ…©K cÖ`Ë `vwqZ¡ QvovI 1977 mv‡ji
†k‡l D³ ms¯’vi ZrKvjxb gnvcwiPvjK Av.R.g. kvgmyj Avjg I †`‡ki ZrKvjxb
†cÖwm‡W›U knx` wRqvDi ingv‡bi Drmvn DÏxcbvI D³ Zvdmxi e½vbyev‡ì GKwU
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviYÓ|14
1980 L„. Ryb gv‡m D³ Zvdmx‡ii 1g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| 830
c„ôvi D³ ZvdmxiwUi ï‡f”Qv g~j¨ wQj 95 UvKv|15 cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K
m~iv evKvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi cÖ_g L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1980 L„. GKB ms¯’v KZ©„K
Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii 2q L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| 706 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨
wQj 88 UvKv|16 GL‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv Av‡j Bgivb †_‡K m~iv wbmv ch©šÍ
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii 3q LÐwU 1981 L„. cÖKvwkZ
nq| 718 c„ôvi G msL¨vwUi g~j¨ wQj 90 UvKv|
wZwb 1997 L„. Bmjvgx HK¨‡Rv‡U †hvM`vb K‡ib|8 ‡`‡ki wewfbœ mgvR †mevgyjK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_I
Zuvi m¤ú„³Zv cwijwÿZ nq| gqgbwmsn †Rjvq ¯’vbxq AvbQvi Kj¨vY Uªv÷ GwZgLvbv, Av`k© gKZe
ˆbkwe`¨vjq, MY cvVvMvi I `y¯’ gwnjv‡ì †mjvB wkÿv cÖKímn eû cÖwZôvb wZwb cÖwZôv K‡ib|
eZ©gv‡b eû gKZemn †`‡ki kxl©¯’vbxq 8wU KIgx gvìvmv cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ wZwb RwoZ i‡q‡Qb|
wZwb evsjv‡`k Ijvgv GKv‡Wgxi AvnevqK I ZgÏyb gRwj‡mi cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki
Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ QvovI wZwb wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK gymwjg msMV‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb
g°v wfwËK iv‡eZv Avj-Avjg Avj Bmjvgxi †K›`ªxq KwgwUi m`m¨ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e
wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| GhveZ ch©šÍ wZwb cuPvË‡iiI †ekx †gŠwjK, msKjb I Abyev` MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
Zvui †gvU M‡elYv cÖe‡Üi msL¨vI cuPvË‡ii †ekx| (gvwmK Øxb `ywbqv, 17 el©, 10g msL¨v, 1995, c„.
41; gywnDÏxb Lvb, ÔRxe‡bi †LjvN‡iÕ g`xbv cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv: 2001, 1g ms¯‹iY c„. 17)
13. cÖv¸³, c„. ÔcÖKvk‡Ki K_vÕ `ªóe¨|
15. gydZx, gynv¤§` kdx, Zdmx‡i gvÕAv‡idzj †KviAvb, gywnDwÏb Lvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ,
6ô ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„„ôv `ªóe¨
16. cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ (1990), 3q ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
GLv‡b cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv gv‡q`v †_‡K Aviv‡di 93 bs Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` I

Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|17 1982 L„. D³ Zvdmx‡ii PZz_© L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ
nq| 850 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 100 UvKv| D³ L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv
Aviv‡di 94 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Ges m~iv ZvIev, Avbvdvj, BDbym I û` ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| 1982 L„. Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii 5g L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| 756 c„ôvi
D³ L‡Ði g~j¨ wQj 96 UvKv|19 Av‡jvP¨ L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j e½vbyev` I Zvdmx‡i
†h me m~iv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv m~iv BDm~d, iv`, Beivnxg, wnRi, bvnj, ebx-
BmivBj I Kvn&d| 1983 L„. D³ Zvdmx‡ii 6ô L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| 948
c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 125 UvKv|20 Av‡jvP¨ L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I
e¨vL¨vq †h me m~iv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv m~iv gviBqvg, Z¡vnv, Avw¤^qv, nv¾,
gywgbyb, b~i, dzi°vb, Kvmvm, AvbKveyZ I iæg| 1983 L„. D³ Zvdmx‡ii 7g L‡Ði 1g
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| 907 c„ôvi Av‡jvP¨ LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj 120 UvKv|21 D³ L‡Ð g~j
Zvdmx‡i cewÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv ‡jvKgvb †_‡K AvnKvd ch©šÍ me©‡gvU 15wU m~iv ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| 1984 L„. Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii me©‡kl 8g L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iYwU cÖKvwkZ nq|
1056 c„ôvi D³ ms¯‹iYwUi g~j¨ wQj gvÎ 105 UvKv|22 GB LÐwU‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi
m~iv Ôgynv¤§`Õ †_‡K ÔbvmÕ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k KZ©„K 8 L‡Ði e½vbyevw`Z e„nr G ZvdmxiwU cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi gy`ª‡Y wQj
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb †cÖm, XvKv|
D`y© fvlvq cÖYxZ Av‡jvP¨ G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev`wU GKKfv‡e gvIjbv gywnDÏxb

Lv‡bi n‡jI m¤úv`bv, Abyev`, wbixÿY, cÖf„wZKv‡R †hme e¨w³ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb
Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jb gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg, ZrKvjxb evqZzj †gvKiivg
gmwR‡ì Bgvg gvIjvbv iwdK Avng`, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðk‡bi cÖKvkbv wefv‡Mi
m¤úv`K Rbve mvnveywÏb Avng`, Dc-cwiPvjK giÐg nv‡dR gCbyj Bmjvg,
17. cÖv¸³ 3q LÐ (1991), 4_© ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
18. cÖv¸³ 4_© LÐ (1992), 4_© ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
19. cÖv¸³ 5g LÐ (1992), 4_© ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
20. cÖv¸³ 6ô LÐ (1992), 3q ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
21. cÖv¸³ 7g LÐ (1992), 3q© ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
22. cÖv¸³ 8g LÐ (1991), 2q ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
gynv¤§` gyK‡m`, gvIjvbv Imgvb Mbx dviæK, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxh, gvIjvbv
IevB`yj †K Rvjvjvev`x, gvIjvbv ˆmq` Rwniæj nK, gvIjbvbv Avãyj gvbœvb, Aa¨vcK
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BqvnBqv ingvb, gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd gvngy`x, nv‡dR gvIjvbv Avey
Avkivd, kvgxg nvmvbvBb BgwZqvR, ZrKvjxb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðk‡bi gnv cwiPvjK
Av.R.g kvgm~j Avjg, Zuvi cieZ©x gnvcwiPvjK Rbve Gg †mvenvb, cÖKvkbv cwiPvjK
Aa¨vcK Avãyj Mdzi, Dc-cwiPvjK jyrdi nK cÖgyL|
gydZx gynv¤§` kdx (i.) cÖYxZ G Zvdmx‡i D`y© fvlvq cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, bvwh‡ji
¯’vb,AvqvZ I iæKz msL¨v, Aviex‡Z Zvmwgqv I Gi D`y© Abyev`, AZci cweÎ KziAv‡bi
g~j Aviex, Zvi wb‡P Avqv‡Zi D`y© Abyev` I kv‡b byh~jmn Zvdmx‡ii mvims‡ÿc I
ÔAvbylw½K ÁvZe¨ welqÕ BZ¨vw` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
G e½vbyev‡ì fvlv mnR, mij I cÖvÄj| Z‡e fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki evsjv

fvlvq eëüZ KwZcq D`y©, Aviex I dvmx© k‡ãi eënvi Zuvi e½vbyev‡` cwijwÿZ nq|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gywnDÏxb Lv‡bi D³ Zvdmx‡ii GB e½vbyev` evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq
kvLvq wb:m‡›`‡n GKwU Ag~j¨ ms‡hvRb| D‡jøL¨ †h, cweÎ KziAv‡bi evsjv Abyev` I
mswÿß Zvdmxi AvL¨vq ÔZvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvbÕ Gi Av‡iv GKwU mswÿß
ms¯‹iY 1993 L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb wb‡RB-G ZvdmxiwUi
m¤úv`bvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| ev`kvn dvnv` KziAvb wcÖw›Us Kg‡cø·, g`xbv †_‡K GwU
cÖKvwkZ nq| G ZvdmxiwU webvg~‡j¨ weZiY Kiv nq|
4. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi
wesk kZvãxi Avwki `k‡Ki ïiæ †_‡KB W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb1 Avjøvgv
Bgvg DÏxb Aveyj wd`v-BmgvBj Beb Kvmxi (i.) Gi †kªôZg KxwZ© nv`xm wfwËK
wekvj Zvdmxi MÖš’ ÔZvdmxiæj KziAvwbj KixgÕ Gi e½vbyev‡` AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|
ÔZvdmxiæj KziAvwbj KvixgÕ Avjøvgv Beb Kvmx‡ii iPbvejxi g‡a¨ †kªôZg|
1. W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb 1936 L„. ivRkvnx †Rjvi AšÍM©Z wkeM‡Äi evejveybv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnb
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Aa¨vcK Avãyj Mbxi wbKU Zuvi ‡jLvcovi nv‡Z Lwo nq| wZwb cÖ_‡g ivRkvnxi
beveM‡Äi cvk¦©eZx GKwU ¯’vbxq gvìvmvq †jLvcov K‡ib Ges 1955 L„. gvìvmv-B Avwjqv XvKv
†_‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Kvwgj cvm K‡ib| wZwb jv‡nvi wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1962 L„. Gg.I.Gj wWMÖx
AR©b K‡ib| ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb Gg.G ‡Z cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AvwaKvi K‡ib Ges
1981 L„. wcGBP. wW. wWMÖx jvf K‡ib|2 jv‡nvi †_‡K G‡mB wZwb 1962 L„. ¯’vbxq `v`bP‡Ki GKwU
wWMÖx K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g Kg©Rxe‡b c`vc©Y K‡ib| Zvici wKQyw`b wZwb beveMÄ wWMÖx K‡j‡R
D³ Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© Avjøvgv myq~Z¡x e‡jb-2 ÒGB ai‡bi Ab¨ †Kvb Zvdmxi wjwce× nq wbÓ|
Avjøvgv myq~Z¡x AviI e‡jb-3 ÒAb¨vb¨ wiIqvqvZ wfwËK Zvdmxi mg~‡ni g‡a¨ GwU
me©vwaK Kj¨vYcÖ`Ó| wiIqvqv‡Zi wfwË‡Z Aviex fvlvq cÖKvwkZ Zvdmxi mg~‡ni g‡a¨
GwU eZ©gvb mg‡qi wØZxq ch©v‡qi Zvdmxi| cÖ_g ch©v‡qi Zvdmxi n‡jv ÔZvdmx‡i
Beb Rvixi AvZ& ZvevixÕ| G Zvdmx‡ii ïiæ‡ZB Avjøvgv Beb Kvmxi Zvdmxi msµvšÍ
wewfbœ welq I ZvdmxiKvi‡ì w`K wb‡`©kbvg~jK GKwU bvwZ`xN© fywgKv wj‡L‡Qb, hv
cieZ©x‡Z ZvdmxiKvi‡ì Rb¨ cv‡_q wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| D³ Zvdmxi‡K ÔD¤§yZ
ZvdmxiÕ ev Zvdmxi Rbbx ejv nq| G‡K Zvdmx‡i mvjvdxI ejv nq| wiIqvqvZ
wfwËK wbf©i‡hvM¨ Zvdmxi mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Avie- AvRg me©Î Beb Kvmx‡ii ZvdmxiwU
mgvbfv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ Ges gymwjg we‡k¦i AwaKvsk D”PZi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi wm‡jev‡mi
AšÍ©f~³| gymwjg we‡k¦i me© gn‡ji wcÖq G ZvdmxiwU 1883 L„. Avjøvgv bIqve wQwÏK
nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (g„. 1307 wn.) KZ…©K wjwLZ ÔdvZûj evqv‡biÕ cvk¦© UxKvq 10 L‡Ð
gyw`ªZ n‡q cÖKvwkZ nq| AZci wgk‡ii Avj nvjvfx †cÖm †_‡K G ZvdmxiwU Pvi L‡Ð
1356 wn. ev 1937 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| G ch©šÍ wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡KB MÖš’wUi eû ms®‹iY
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|4 wgk‡ii kvqL Avng` kvwKi D³ Zvdmx‡i D‡jøwLZ nv`x‡mi
mb`¸‡jv ev` w`‡q ïay gZb D‡jøL K‡i mswÿß ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡ib|5
Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| AZci 1967 L„. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvlv wefv‡Mi cÖfvlK wbhy³ nb|
cieZ©x‡Z wZwb D³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡M †hvM`vb K‡i D³ wefv‡Mi mfvcwZ, mn‡hvMx
Aa¨vcK I Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e `xN© w`b `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| QvÎ Rxeb †_‡KB Zvi mvwnZ¨ PP©v ïiæ
nq| jv‡nvi wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vqbKv‡j ÔZiRygvbyj nv`xmÕ bvgK GKwU mvgwqKx‡Z ÔZ¨v‡Mi `„óvšÍ I
Av`‡k©i ‡cÖiYvÕ bv‡g me© cÖ_g Zuvi 1wU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ †_‡K Ghver wewfbœ
cÖwZôvb I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elYv Rvb©v‡j †gŠwjK I fvlvšÍwiZ cÖeÜ, bvwUKv I Mí me wgwj‡q Zuvi
iPbvi msL¨v cÖvq †ò kZvwaK| wZwb evsjv‡`k, fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb, †mŠw` Avie hy³ivR¨ I Zyi¯‹
cÖf„wZ †`‡k AbywôZ wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK †mwgbv‡i †hvM`vb K‡i eû cÖeÜ Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| †`kxq wewfbœ mvwnZ¨ msMVb I M‡elYvg~jK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_I wZwb RwoZ i‡q‡Qb| Zuvi
iPbvejxi g‡a¨ Ôgvhvgx‡b gyRxeÕ, ÔgynvwÏm cÖm½Õ, ÔnhiZ BeªvnxgÕ, Ôgymjgvb‡ì mvwnZ¨ mvabvÕ,
ÔBmjvgx mvwn‡Z¨ ZvmwjgyÏxbÕ, ÔBmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©vq ZvmwjgywÏb Avng`Õ, Ôwgk‡ii †QvU Mí KziAvb
KwYKvÕ, ÔAviex mvwn‡Zï BwZnvmÕ, ÔZvdmx‡i Beb Kvmxi Abyev`Õ, ÔAvjøvgv hvgvLkvix I Zvdmx‡i
KvkkvdÕ ÔfviZxq Aviex Zvdmxi I ZvdmxiKviÕ Ges Ôevsjv I Bs‡iRx fvlvq Ave`yj nvwg‡ì
KziAvb PP©vÕ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| [Beb Kvmxi (BmgvBj Beb Igi), Zvdmxi Beb Kvmxi (W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi
ingvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z), XvKv: Zvdmxi cvewj‡Kkb KwgwU, 1999, 18k LÐ, 2q ms¯‹iY c„. 12
(Abyev`K cwiwPwZ `ªóe¨]
2. AvjxgyÏxb ÔAviex fvlvq KziAv‡bi ZvdmxiÕ mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAv‡bi msL¨v, 11 el©,
1968 c„. 70
3. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, cÖv¸³, c„.70
4. mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, cÖv¸³, c„. 70; W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z Zvdmx‡i Beb Kvmxi,
(1g, 2q, 3q LÐ GK‡Î) XvKv: 1999, 3q ms¯‹iY, c„. 27
5. Zvdmx‡i Beb Kvmxi, W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, cÖv¸³
D³ ZvdmxiwUi RbwcÖqZv I wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv Dcjwã K‡i gymwjg we‡k¦ eû gymwjg gbxlx

wewfbœ fvlvq Gi mswÿß ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| G ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nj
gynv¤§` Avjx Avm mveybxi (R. 1930) ÔgyLZvmiæ Zvdmx‡i Beb KvmxiÕ| ‰eiæ‡Zi
Ô`viæj KziAvwbj KvixgÕ cÖKvkbx GwU‡K 3 L‡Ð cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|6 fvi‡Zi ¸RivU
cÖ‡`‡ki Kvw_qvIqvo GjvKvi Awaevmx ÔAvLvev‡i gynv¤§v`xÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` RybvMwo (g„. 1941) D³ ZvdmxiwUi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä K‡i w`jøx
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔAvLev‡i gynv¤§v`xÕ bvgK cvwÿK cwÎKvq avivevwnK fv‡e Gi D`y©
Abyev` cÖKvk K‡ib|7
W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb Avwki `k‡Ki ïiæ‡ZB Av‡jvP¨ ZvdmxiwUi Abyev‡`

nvZ w`‡q beŸB Gi `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K Abyev` Kv‡Ri mgvwß NUvb| D³ Zvdmx‡ii
Abyev`Kg© m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb, ÒGB e¨vcv‡i Avgiv cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wQj evsjvq Zvdmxi-
mvwn‡Zï Afve c~iY Ges evsjv fvlv-fvlx‡ì R‡b¨ Avgvi ¸iæ `vwqZ¡ cvjbÓ|8 1983 †_‡K
1999 L„. ch©šÍ mg‡q Zvdmx‡i Beb Kvmx‡ii G e½vbyev`wU 18 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| D³
e½vbyev`wU‡K Abyev`K Zuvi wcZv Aa¨vcK Avãyj Mbx I k¦ïi gynv¤§` RybvMwoi
gvMwdiv‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ Abyev‡ì ¯^ËvwaKvix n‡jb Abyev`K
wb‡RB| 1983 L„. Av‡jvP¨ e½vbyev`wUi cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|9 G‡Z
cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi 22bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1984 L„. Gi wØZxq L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|10 D³ L‡Ð cweÎ
KziAv‡bi m~iv evKvivi 23 †_‡K 141 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| 1985 L„. Gi Z…Zxq L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|11 m~iv evKvivi 142
†_‡K 250bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi G L‡Ði AšÍfy©³
n‡q‡Q| 1985 L„. Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii PZz_© L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|12 G L‡Ð
cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv evKvivi 251 ‡_‡K m~iv Avj Bgiv‡bi 91 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ
e½vbyev`
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 31-32

7. cÖv¸³, c„. 27; mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, cÖv¸³, c„. 70
8. Zvdmx‡i Beb Kvmxi, W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z (1g, 2q, 3q LÐ GK‡Î) cÖv¸³,
c„. 7 (Abyev`‡Ki Avih `ªóe¨)
9. 1g L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 204
10. 2q L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 286 I Gi g~j¨ wQj 60.00 UvKv
11. 3q L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 295 I g~j¨ wQj 65 UvKv
12. 4_© L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 295 I g~j¨ wQj 66 UvKv
I Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| 1986 L„. Gi cÂg L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|13
G‡Z PZz_© cvivi Abyev` I Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| 1987 L„. D³ Abyev‡ì lô L‡Ði
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|14 G‡Z 5g cvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi AšÍf©y³ nq| AZci
D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì mßg L‡Ði cÖ_g ms®‹iY GKB m‡b cÖKvwkZ nq| lô cvivi
m¤ú~Y© Abyev` I Zvdmxi G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡qwQj|
1988 L„. Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡i 8g L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|15 mßg cvivi
m¤ú~Y© Abyev` I Zvdmxi G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1990 L„. beg L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY
cÖKvwkZ nq|16 G‡Z Aóg cvivi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1991 L„. D³
Abyev‡ì `kg L‡Ði cÖ_g ms®‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|17 G‡Z beg cvivi m¤ú~Y© e½vbyev` I
Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| AZ:ci Gi GKv`k LÐwU cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| `kg cvivi
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1994 L„. Rvbyqvix gv‡m e½vbyevw`Z G
ZvdmxiwUi Øv`k LÐwU XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|18 D³ L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv û`,
BDm~d I iv` Gi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1994 L„. XvKv †_‡K D³
Zvmx‡ii 13 k L‡Ði cÖ_g ms¯‹iY I cÖKvwkZ nq|19 G‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv
Beªvnxg, wnRi, bvnj I ebx BmªvBj ch©šÍ e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q| 1994 L„.
AvMó gv‡m XvKv †_‡K D³ Zvdmx‡ii 14k L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|20 D³ L‡Ð
cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv Kvnd, gviBqvg, Z¡vnv, Avw¤^qv, nv¾ Gi e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi
AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| 1997 L„. †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m GB e½vbyevw`Z Zvdmx‡i 15 k L‡Ði cÖ_g
ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| †d«Ðm wcÖw›Us †cÖm GÐ c¨v‡KwRs XvKv KZ…©K GwU gyw`ªZ nq| 888
c„ôvi Av‡jvP¨ ms¯‹iYwUi g~j¨ wQj 400.00 UvKv|21 cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv gywgbyb †_‡K
Avnhve ch©šÍ 11wU m~ivi Abyev` I Zvdmxi GLv‡b AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| 1998 L„. RyjvB
gv‡m XvKv †_‡K D³ e½vbyevw`Z Zvdmx‡ii 16 k L‡Ði cÖ_g ms®‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq|
13. 5g L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 232 I g~j¨ wQj 60 UvKv
14. 6ô L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 260 I g~j¨ wQj 75 UvKv

15. G L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v wQj 111 I g~j¨ wQj 66 UvKv
18. cÖv¸³, (2000 L„.), 12 k LÐ, 2q ms¯‹iY, AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
824 c„ôv wewkó GB L‡Ð cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv mvev †_‡K dvZn ch©šÍ 15wU m~ivi
e½vbyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 1999 L„. Rvbyqvix gv‡m XvKv †_‡K G Abyev‡ì
17k L‡Ði 1g ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv ûRivZ †_‡K gyimvjvZ
ch©šÍ 29wU m~ivi Abyev` I Zvdmxi G‡Z AšÍ©fy³ n‡q‡Q| D³ e½byevw`Z Zvdmx‡ii
18k LÐ Z_v †kl LÐwUi 1g ms¯‹iY B‡Zvc~‡e© cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| G ms¯‹iYwU‡Z m~iv
bvev †_‡K bvm ch©šÍ 37wU m~ivi Abyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Bgvg Beb Kvmx‡ii GKwU mswÿß Rxebx I D³ L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| W. gynv¤§`
gyRxeyi ingvb Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡` g~j Zvdmx‡ii ûeû Abyev‡ì cÖqvm
†c‡q‡Qb| D³ e½byev‡` Aviex I evsjvq cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, AeZ©x‡Y©i ¯’vb, AvqvZ I
iæKzi msL¨vI cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| e½vbyev` I Zvdmx‡ii c~e©vci m¤úK© †i‡L c„ôvi Wvb cv‡k
Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤îmn cweÎ KziAv‡bi gyj Aviex, ev‡g Avqv‡Zi µwgK b¤î
Abymv‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G e½vbyev‡` W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb
evsjv fvlvi PjwZixwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î Zuvi fvlv‡K mn‡R, cÖvÄj I
mvejxj ejv hvq| Z‡e Abyev‡` Aviex, D`~© I dvm©x k‡ãi eënviI cwjwÿZ nq|
Abyev‡ì mgq wZwb Ggb wKQy AwZwi³ kã eënvi K‡i‡Qb hv g~j Aviex‡Z
Abycw¯’Z| G¸‡jv wZwb eÜbxi g‡a¨ Ave× †i‡L‡Qb| D³ Zvdmx‡ii g~jvbyM Abyev`
Ki‡jI wZwb e½vbyev‡` g~j MÖ‡š’ D‡jøwLZ nv`x‡mi mb`¸‡jvi e½vbyev` cwinvi
K‡i‡Qb| GwU wb:m‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingv‡bi G e„nr Zvdmx‡ii
e½vbyev‡ì D‡`¨vMwU wQj A‡bK eo gv‡ci GKwU mvnmx c`‡ÿc|
5. Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd
gvIjvbv IevB`yi ingvb gwjøK ÔZvdmx‡ii gv‡R`x kixdÕ AvL¨vq Rbve Avãyj
gv‡R` `wiqvev`xi weiwPZ ÔZvdmx‡i gv‡R`xÕi e½vbyev` K‡i‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ ZvdmxiwU
LÐ AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q| 1994 L„. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k KZ…©K G
Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq| ZvIqv°vj †cÖm, XvKv †_‡K GwU gyw`ªZ
nq| 564 c„ôvi Av‡jvP¨ LÐwUi g~j¨ n‡jv 170 UvKv|1 D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡` m~iv
dvwZnv I m~iv evKviv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
1. Avãyj gv‡R` `wiqvev`x (IevB`yi ingvb gwjøK KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z), Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k (XvKv-1994) 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY c„. (AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨)
G e½vbyev‡ì cÖ_g LÐwUi AvL¨vcÎwU wbgœiƒc:
Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd
1g LÐ
gvIjvbv Avãyj gv‡R` `wiqvev`x
gvIjvbv IevB`yi ingvb gwjøK
Ab~w`Z
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k|
1998 L„. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb KZ…©K D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì 2q LÐ cÖKvwkZ

nq| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb †cÖm ‡_‡K GwU gyw`ªZ nq| 670 c„ôvi D³ LÐwUi g~j¨ wQj
225 UvKv|2 m~iv Av‡j Bgivb †_‡K m~iv Avj gv‡q`v ch©šÍ G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡`
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Abyev‡` welq wfwËK m~PxI cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q, GLv‡b ïiæ‡Z g~j Aviex,
Zvi wb‡P e½vbyev`, AZci gvwR©‡bi wb‡P e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZwUi m~ivi
e½vbyev‡ì c~‡e© †mB m~ivi cUf~wg ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ g~j Zvdmxi I ZvdmxiKviK
m¤ú‡K© ZrKvjxb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`ki gnvcwiPvjK `vD`D¾vgvb †PŠayix

AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i e‡jbÑ
ÒeZ©gvb kZ‡K (wesk kZK) Dcgnv‡`‡k D`y© fvlvq †h KÕwU Zvdmxi †jLv n‡q‡Q
Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x ‡m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| gvIjvbv Ave`yj gv‡R` `wiqvev`x GKRb
Bs‡iRx wkÿxZ `vk©wbK, †jLK I mvsevw`K| `k©b PP©v Zuv‡K bvw¯ÍKëv‡ì ØvicÖv‡šÍ DcbxZ
K‡iwQj| †kl ch©šÍ wZwb gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfxi (i.) ìev‡i nvwRi nb| Avjøvn&
Zuv‡K iÿv K‡ib| Zuvi ga¨ weivU cwieZ©b m~PxZ nq| bvw¯ÍK `wiqvev`x gydvmwmi
`wiqvev`x‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nb| Zuvi G iƒcvšÍ‡ii dmj Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x| Bs‡iRx wkwÿZ
†kªYxi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g wZwb Bs‡iRx‡Z Zvdmxi iPbv K‡ib| c‡i D`©y Zvdmxi iPbv K‡ib|
eZ©gvb MÖš’wU D`~© Zvdmx‡ii evsjv Abyev`| evB‡e‡ji wecyj D×„wZ, HwZnvwmK ¯’vb, NUbvi
wbcyY we‡kølY Avi ü`qMÖvnx eY©bv aviv Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`xi cÖavb êwkó¨|Ó3
Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev`K D³ Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb-
ÒcÖPzi †Kv‡Ukb, AvaywbK `„wófw½ I hyw³wbf©i e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi Øviv Zvdmxi Lvbv LyeB
mg„× Kiv n‡q‡Q| GUvB Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`xi Abb¨ êwkó¨| cvðvZ¨ RMZ Bmjvg I
gymjgvb‡ì weiæ‡× †h eyw×-wfwËK hy× ïiæ K‡i‡Q Zvi gyKvwejvq G Zvdmxi Lvwb LyeB
¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|Ó4
Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î evsjv fvlvi PjwZixwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| G

Abyev‡ì fvlv‡K mnR, mij I cÖvÄj ejv hvq|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. ÔAvgv‡ì K_vÕ `ªóe¨
4. cÖv¸³, c„. ÔAbyev`‡Ki AviRÕ `ªóe¨
6. dx whjvwjj KziAvb
nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng`1 cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKRb mdj e½vbyev`K wn‡m‡e
mycwiwPZ| wZwb e„nËi †bvqvLvjxi j²xcyi †Rjvi Awaevmx| ÔAvj †KviAvb GKv‡Wgx
jÐbÕ Gi cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wZwb eZ©gv‡b Kg©iZ| wgk‡ii cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K, ivR‰bwZK
e¨w³Z¡ mvB‡q` KzZz‡ei cÖwm× Zvdmxi Ôdx whjvwjj KziAvbÕ Gi e½vbyev‡` wZwb
AskMÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges Gi c~Y©v½ e½vbyev`wU m¤úv`bvI K‡i‡Qb| evsjvmn wZwb
Bs‡iRx, Aviex, D`y© cÖf„wZ fvlvq mgvb cvi`k©x| GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK mvnvh¨ ms¯’v
ÔBmjvwgK wiwjd G‡RÝx (Bmiv)Õ Gi jÐ‡bi cwiPvjK Ges jÐb wfwËK gymwjK
†jLK, mvwnwZ¨K I mvsevw`K‡ì cÖ_g AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb ÔB›Uvib¨vkbvj BmjvwgK
ivBUvm© †dvivgÕ Gi cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b wZwb KvR Ki‡Qb| QvÎve¯’v
†_‡KB wZwb †jLv-‡jwL Ki‡Zb| Bmjvwg mvwnZ¨mn wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci wZwb cÖvq 50
GiI AwaK MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Gme iPbvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv cweÎ
KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I dx whjvwjj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` m¤úv`bv| Ôdx whjvwjj KziAvbÕ
Gi †jLK w©Q‡jb Aviex fvlx| hvi d‡j Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi b¨vq G‡Z ZiRgv †`qvi
cÖ‡qvRb c‡owb| GLv‡b ïaygvÎ Aviex fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` GB MÖ‡š’i cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` I AvswkK Zvdmx‡ii
e½vbyev` cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Av‡iv †hme e¨w³eM© D³ MÖ‡š’i Zvdmxi As‡ki e½vbyev‡`
Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zuviv n‡jb- gvIjvbv †mvjvqgvb dviæKx, nv‡dR AvKivg dviæK,
gvIjvbv KzZzej Bmjvg, gvIjvbv G.†K.Gg wmdvZzjøvn, nv‡dR †Mvjvg †mvenvb
wmÏxwK I knx`yjøvn Gd, evix| 1979 L„. †_‡K D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì Kvh©µg ïiæ
nq|
1. nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` 1964 L„. †bvqvLvjxi gd¯^j kni †_‡K G‡m XvKv kn‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| wZwb g¨vwUªK cvm K‡ib 1955 L„.| hLb ZrKvjxb wgk‡ii kvmK Rvgvj bv‡mi 1966 L„. 29
AvMó wgk‡ii BLIqvbyj gymwjgx‡bi †bZv cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K mvB‡q` KzZze †K duvwmi Kv‡ó Syjv‡j
ZLb mgMÖ gymwjg we‡k¦i b¨vq ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bI Zuvi dvmxi weiæ‡× cÖwZev‡ì So D‡VwQj|
mvB‡q` KzZz‡ei Ab¨vb¨ f³e„‡›ì b¨vq nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb AvngÌ Zuvi Rxeb, ivRbxwZ I mvwnZ¨
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡jb| 1969 L„. nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` mvB‡q` KzZz‡ei Dci GKwU
cÖeÜ wjL‡Z wM‡q Ôdx whjvwjj KziAvbÕi †LuvR cvb| Avi ZLb †_‡KB wZb D³ Zvdmxi Aa¨qb
Avi¤¢ K‡ib| 1979 L„. wZwb jÐ‡b P‡j hvb Ges †mLv‡b e‡mB D³ ZvdmxiwU evsjv fvlvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii
AvKv•Lv †cvlY K‡ib| Af¨vm Abyhvqx wZwb 1979 L„. 10 Rvbyqvix †mvgevi mvivw`b KvRKg© †m‡i
N‡i wd‡i wKQy wjL‡Z I co‡Z em‡jb| K_v cÖm‡½ Ôdx whjvwjj KziAvbÕi ZiRgvi cÖm‡½ K_v
Avm‡j Zuvi Rxeb mw½bx Lvw`Rv AvKZvi †iRvqx Zuv‡K D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` Kivi Rb¨ fxlYfv‡e
DØy× K‡ib| †mB ivZwU wQj cweÎ wgiv‡Ri ivZ| G iv‡ZB wZwb D³ Zvdmx‡ii f~wgKv Ask †_‡K
e½vbyev` ïiæ K‡ib|
[Zvdmxi dx whjvwjj KziAvb, nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` (I Ab¨vb¨) KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Avj
†KviAvb GKv‡Wgx, XvKv: 1997, 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„.21-22 (m¤úv`‡Ki wb‡e`b) `ªóe¨]
Z‡e 1995 L„. XvKv †_‡K nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` KZ…©K G Zvdmx‡ii 1g LÐ
cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g Gi cÖKvkbvi Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ nq Ges me©‡gvU 22 L‡Ð G e½vbyev`wU
cÖKvwkZ nq| 1g L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv evKvivi 141 bs Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| g~j MÖš’ I MÖš’vKv‡ii mswÿß cwiwPwZ, Avj KziAv‡bi mv‡_ mvB‡q` KzZz‡ei
m¤úK©, e½vbyev‡` m¤úv`‡Ki GKwU wb‡e`b, dx whjvwjj KziAv‡bi g~j f~wgKvi

e½vbyev` Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ð cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Dciš‘ cÖwZwU L‡Ði cÖvi‡¤¢
m¤úv`‡Ki GKwU wb‡e`bI ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| Rbve mvB‡q` KzZze Zvi Zvdmx‡i
cÖ‡Z¨KwU m~ivi bvg, bvwh‡ji ¯’vb, m~ivi µwgK b¤î, AvqvZ I iæKzi msL¨v D‡jøLc~e©K
cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|2
G Zvdmx‡ii 2q LÐwU 1995 L„. cª_g cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|3 G‡Z m~iv evKvivi
142-286 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 3q LÐwU 1996 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|
G‡Z m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 4_© LÐwUI 1996 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|
G‡Z m~iv wbmvi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 5g LÐwU 1997 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z m~iv
gvwq`vi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 6ô, 7g I 8g LÐI 1997 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z
ch©v‡qµ‡g m~iv AvbAvg, m~iv AvÔivd I m~iv Avbdvj Gi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G
Zvdmx‡ii 9g, 10g, 11Zg I 12Zg LÐ 1998 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z m~iv ZvIev,
BDbym, û`, BDmyd, ivÔ`, Beªvnxg, wnRi, bvnj, BmivCj I Kvnd Gi e½vbyev` ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| AZci 13Zg (gviBqvg †_‡K nv¾ ch©šÍ), 14Zg (gywgbyb †_‡K ïqviv
ch©šÍ), 15Zg (bvgj †_‡K iæg ch©šÍ), 16Zg (†jvKgvb †_‡K mvev ch©šÍ), 17Zg
(dvwZi †_‡K hygvi ch©šÍ), 18Zg (gyÕwgb †_‡K RvwQqv ch©šÍ), 19Zg (AvnK¡vd †_‡K
Kvgvi ch©šÍ), 20Zg (Avi ivngvb †_‡K Zvnixg ch©šÍ), 21Zg (gyjK †_‡K gyimvjvZ
ch©šÍ) I 22Zg (bvev †_‡K bvm ch©šÍ) LÐ¸‡jv 1999 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq|
Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡i Aviex fvlvi AjsKvwiK †mŠ›`h© iÿv K‡i wZwb cÖvÄj I
mvejxj fvlvq cÖ‡Z¨KwU m~ivi welqe¯‘, m~iv mgy‡ni c~e©vci m¤úK©, m~iv I Avqv‡Zi
mswkøó NUbv, m~ivi mswÿß Av‡jvPbv, KwVb I RwUj Aviex k‡ãi A_©mn cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
2. nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` (I Ab¨vb¨) KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Zvdmxi dx whjvwjj KziAvb, Avj
†KviAvb GKv‡Wgx, XvKv: 1997, 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„.21-22 (m¤úv`‡Ki wb‡e`b) `ªóe¨
3. cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
G‡ÿ‡Î wZwb Zuvi c~e©eZ©x gymwjg cwÐZ I gbxwlM‡Yi Zvdmxii c×wZ ev ixwZ-bxwZi
†Zgb †Kvb Abymib K‡ib wb, eis wZwb wbR¯^ `„„wófw½ †_‡K GKwU e¨wZµgagx©
Zvdmxi Dc¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡iQb| Zuvi Zvdmx‡i wZwb we‡kl K‡i ivR‰bwZK w`KUv‡K
†ekx cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| g~j Zvdmx‡ii Abyim‡Y D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyevì Kiv n‡q‡Q|
d‡j e½vbyev‡Ì cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, bvwh‡ji ¯’vb, m~ivi µwgK b¤î, AvqvZ I iæKzi
msL¨v evsjvq D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wewfbœ m~ivi Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì c~‡e© cweÎ
KziAv‡bi g~j Aviex I nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` Gi cweÎ KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`wU
ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| AZci g~j MÖ‡š’i Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cweÎ KziAv‡bi
e½vbyev‡` nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` evsjv fvlvi PwjZixwZi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|
nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng` KZ…©K Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi fvlv mnR-mij I cÖvÄj|
Abyev‡ì `y‡e©va¨Zv `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ Ggb wKQy AwZwi³ kã wZwb eënvi K‡i‡Qb hv
g~j Aviex Avqv‡Z †bB| Zuvi GB Abyev` A‡bKUv fvev_© g~jK| evsjv mvwn‡Zï ag©xq
kvLvq dx whjvwjj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` wb:m‡›`‡n GKwU g~jëvb ms‡hvRb|
7. Zvdmxi-B-Zvevix kixd
cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmi Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` Be‡b Rvixi AvZ& Zvevix (i.) weiwPZ
Zvdmxi MÖš’ ÔZvdmx‡i ZvevixÕi e½vbyev` 1991 L„. †_‡K BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q|1 ZvdmxiwUi Abyev` m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ gvIjvbv
†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †K mfvcwZ K‡i GKwU m¤úv`bv cwil` MwVZ nq|1 G
m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì m`m¨ wQ‡jb W. G,we,Gg nvexeyi ingvb †PŠayix, gynv¤§` dix`yÏxb
AvËvi, gynv¤§` ZgxhyÏxb, gynv¤§` jyrdzj nK, nvmvb Avãyj KvBq~g, kvgmyj nK, gynv¤§`
gydv¾vj †nvmvBb Lvb, †gvt Ave`yi ie, Iqvwn`y¾vgvb I IqvwjDi ingvb| Abyev`K
wn‡m‡e hviv mswkøó wQ‡jb Zviv n‡jb, gynv¤§` gymv, BmnvK dwi`x, †gvRv‡¤§j nK,
Av,b,g, iæûj Avwgb †PŠayix, eyinvbyÏxb gynv¤§` BmgvBj, ewki DÏxb, ‰mq` gynv¤§`
Bg`v` DÏxb, Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§` †Lvi‡k` DÏxb I Avey mvw`K gynv¤§` dRjyj nK|
Aviex fvlvq g~j ZvdmxiwU 30 L‡Ð mgvß|
1991 †_‡K 2004 L„. ch©šÍ D³ Zvdmx‡ii GKv`k LÐ ch©šÍ Abyev` cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| Aewkóvs‡ki Abyev` I m¤úv`bvi KvR Pj‡Q|
Z‡e GL‡bv Avi †Kvb LÐ cÖKvwkZ nqwb| wb‡gœ D³ Zvdmx‡ii Ab~w`Z Ask m¤ú‡K©
mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj| cÖ_‡g G Zvdmx‡ii 2q LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
Zvici 1g LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq|2 wØZxq LÐwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k KZ…©K 1991
L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| gy`ª‡Y wQj †ccvi KbfvwU©s GÐ c¨v‡KwRs wj: 99, gwZwSj ev/G
XvKv-1000| Gi g~j¨ wQj 175 UvKv I c„ôv msL¨v 378| G‡Z m~iv evKvivi 53-141
bs Avqv‡Zi Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AZci 1993 L„. ZvdmxiwUi 1g L‡Ði
e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ nq| gy`ª‡Y wQj BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb †cÖm| G L‡Ði c„ôv msL¨v 424
I g~j¨ wQj 210 UvKv| G‡Z G Zvdmx‡ii f~wgKv, m~iv dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi 1-52bs
Avqv‡Zi Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_g L‡Ði AvL¨vcÎwU wQj wbgœiƒc-3
Zvdmx‡i Zvevix kixd
Avjøvgv Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` Beb Rvixi Zvevix
ingvZzjøvwn Avjvqwn
m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì ZË¡veav‡b Ab~w`Z Ges ZrKZ…©K m¤úvw`Z
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k
Av‡jvP¨ Abyev‡ì Z…Zxq LÐ 1992 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| gy`ª‡Y wQj BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb †cÖm| Gi c„ôv msL¨v wQj 406 g~j¨ wQj 180 UvKv| G‡Z m~iv evKvivi
142-197 b¤î AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` AšÍ©f~³ n‡q‡Q| 1993 L„. GKB †cÖm
†_‡K Gi PZz_© LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq Gi c„ôv msL¨v 471 I g~j¨ 210 UvKv | G‡Z D³
Zvdmx‡ii m~iv evKvivi 198-250 b¤î AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q| Gi cÂg
LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq 1994 L„.| gy`ª‡Y wQj ZvIqv°vj †cÖm, jÿxevRvi, XvKv| Gi g~j¨ wQj
160 UvKv I c„ôv msL¨v wQj 419| G‡Z D³ Zvdmx‡ii m~iv evKvivi 151-286 b¤î
AvqvZ I m~iv Avj Bgiv‡bi 1-54 b¤î AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨
Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì 6ô LÐ 1994 L„. GKB †cÖm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi g~j¨ nj
160 UvKv I c„ôv msL¨v 412| G‡Z e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi 55-
200 b¤î AvqvZ ch©šªÍ| 1996 L„. Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì mßg LÐ cÖKvwkZ
nq| gy`ª‡Y wQj BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb †cÖm| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 479 I g~j¨ wQj 215 UvKv|
G‡Z m~iv wbmvi 1-100 b¤î ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 2000 L„. Gi
Aóg LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq GKB ‡cÖm †_‡K | Gi c„ôv msL¨v 480 I g~j¨ wQj 235 UvKv|
2. m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Zvdmx‡i Zvevix kixd, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv:
1993, 1g LÐ, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
G‡Z m~iv wbmvi 101-176 I gvwq`vi 1-43 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì beg LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq GKB †cÖm †_‡K 2000
L„.| Gi g~j¨ wQj 240 UvKv I c„ôv msL¨v 475| G L‡Ð Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` AšÍf~©³
n‡q‡Q m~iv gvwq`vi 44-120 b¤î AvqvZ I m~iv AvbAv‡gi 1-85 b¤î AvqvZ ch©šÍ|
10g LÐwU 2004 L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z m~iv AvbAv‡gi 86 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv
Aviv‡di †kl ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Zvdmx‡ii 11Zg LÐwUI 2004 L„.
cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z m~iv Avbdv‡ji cÖ_g †_‡K m~iv BDby‡Qi 109 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ
e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì mv‡_ mshy³ cweÎ
KziAv‡bi AvqvZmg~‡ni e½vbyev` nj e½vbyev`K‡ì wbR¯^| wb‡gœ Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii
e½vbyev` n‡Z m~iv evKvivi cÖ_g cuvP Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` bgybv wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv nj-4
m~iv evKviv
286 AvqvZ, 40 iæKz, gv`vbx
`qvgq cig `qvjy Avjøvni bv‡g
1. Avwjd-jvg-gxg|
2. GUv †mB wKZve, G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB, gyËvKx‡ì Rb¨ c_wb‡`©k,
3. hviv A`„‡k¨ Cgvb Av‡b, mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i Ges Zv‡ì †h
Rxeb‡cvKiY `vb K‡iwQ Zv †_‡K e¨q K‡i,
4. Avi †Zvgvi Dci hv bvwhj n‡q‡Q I †Zvgvi c~‡e© hv bvwhj n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z
hviv Cgvb iv‡L Ges AvwLiv‡Z hviv wbwðZ wek¦vmx,
5. ZvivB Zv‡ì cÖwZcvjK wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ Av‡Q Ges ZvivB mdjKvg|

Av‡jvP¨ ZvdmxiwU‡K ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hvq †h, Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` I

Ab~w`Z KziAv‡bi fvlv‡K mnR-mij, cÖvÄj I mvejxj| G ZvdmxiwUi e½vbyev` evsjv
fvlvi Bmjvgx mvwn‡Z¨ GK Ag~j¨ ms‡hvRb|
8. Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix
cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmi Avjøvgv Kvhx QvbvDjøvn cvwbc_x (i.)
weiwPZ weL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ Gi e½vbyev` BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k Gi GKwU cÖksmbxq D‡`¨vM| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k Aviex fvlvq
iwPZ G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev` LÐKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| 1995 L„. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
Zvdmx‡i gvhnvixi e½vbyev‡ì Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡ib|5
4. m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Zvdmx‡i Zvevix kixd, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv:
1993, 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 126
5. m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1997 L„.
1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. f~wgKv, `ªóe¨
G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì mfvcwZ wQ‡jb cÖ‡dmi †gvnv¤§`

Ave`yj gv‡jK| m¤úv`bv cwil‡` hv‡ì mswkøóZv wQj Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ gynv¤§` Bg`v`yj
nK, W.Av.d.g Avey eKi wmÏxK, G.†K.Gg. Ave`ym mvjvg I gynv¤§` jyrdzj nK
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Abyev‡` hviv mswkøó wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Avey mvC` gynv¤§` Ave`yj nvB,
gynv¤§` nvmvb ingZx, nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvBj, Av.e.g. mvBdzj Bmjvg,
nv‡dR gvIjvbv ˆmq` Gg`v` DÏxb, gynv¤§` eyinvbyÏxb, gynv¤§` wmwÏKzi ingvb cÖgyL
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Zvdmx‡i gvhnvixi e½vbyev` 13 L‡Ð mgvß| 1997 L„. Zvdmx‡i gvhnvixi
e½vbyev‡ì 1g LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq| GL‡Ð m~iv dv‡Znv †_‡K m~iv evKvivi 252 bs AvqvZ
ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì 2q LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq 1997
L„.| G‡Z m~iv evKvivi 253 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv wbmvi 23 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev`
¯’vcb †c‡q‡Q| 3q LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq 1998L„.| G‡Z m~iv wbmvi 24 bs AvqvZ †_‡K
m~iv gvwq`vi 82 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AZci 4_© LÐ (gvwq`vi 83
bs AvqvZ ‡_‡K Aviv‡di 87 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ) 2001 L„. 5g LÐ (Aviv‡di 88 bs
AvqvZ †_‡K ZvIevi 93 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ) 2002 L„. 6ô LÐ (ZvIevi 94 bs AvqvZ
†_‡K Beªvnx‡gi †kl ch©šÍ) 2003 L„. 7Zg LÐ (wnR‡ii ïiæ †_‡K Z¡vnvi †kl ch©šÍ)
2003 L„. 8g LÐ (Avw¤^qvi ïiæ †_‡K dyiKv‡bi 20 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ) 2004 L„. 9g LÐ
(dziKv‡bi 21 bs AvqvZ †_‡K Avnhv‡ei 30 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ) 2004 L„. 10g LÐ

(Avnhv‡ei 31 bs AvqvZ †_‡K mvR`vn Gi †kl ch©šÍ) 2004 L„. 11Zg LÐ (nvgxg
‡_‡K nv`x‡ì ‡kl ch©šÍ) 2005 L„. 12Zg LÐ (gyRv`vjvn Gi ïiæ †_‡K gyimvjv‡Zi
†kl ch©šÍ) 2005 L„. I 13Zg LÐwU (bvevi ïiæ †_‡K bv‡mi †kl ch©šÍ) 2005 L„.
cÖKvwkZ nq|
Abyev`wUi cÖ_g L‡Ði AvL¨vcÎwU wQj wbgœiƒc-6

Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix
1g LÐ
1g I 2q cviv
(m~iv dvwZnv I evKviv)
Avjøvgv Kvhx QvbvDjøvn cvwbc_x (i.)
m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k
6. m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1997
L„. 1g LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôv `ªóe¨
cÖwZwU m~ivi mswÿß welq-e¯‘ m~Pxc‡Î Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avqv‡Zi wb‡P
cÖ_‡g mij e½vbyev` I Zvi wb‡P Zvdmxi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii ïiæ‡Z cÖ_‡g
mswkøó Avqv‡Zi kv‡b byh~j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvdmxi Ki‡Z wM‡q Aviex‡Z
AvqvZ/AvqvZsk D‡jøL Kivi ci eªv‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ cybivq H As‡ki evsjv AbyevÌ cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| †Kvb wbw`©ó m~ivi Zvdmxi †kl nIqvi ci e· Gi g‡a¨ D³ m~ivi bvg D‡jøL
K‡i Zvdmxi mgvß K_vwU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G e½vbyev‡ì fvlv‡K mnR-mij I
cÖvÄj ejv P‡j|
9. Zvdmx‡i Beb AveŸvm

ivm~jyjøvn& (mv.) Gi PvPvZ fvB nhiZ Avãyjøvn& Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) †K

ÔZiRygvbyj KziAvbÕ ejv nq| Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Zuvi AMva `ÿZv I cvwÐ‡Zï Kvi‡Y wZwb
G m¤§vbRbK Dcvwa jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi †h me Zvdmxi K‡i‡Qb Zv
Zvdmx‡i Beb AveŸvm bv‡g cwiwPZ| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k ÔZvdmx‡i Beb
AveŸvmÕi e½vbyev` K‡i evsjv fvlvfvlx gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i‡Qb| G Zvdmxi e½vbyev‡ì m¤úv`KgÐjxi m`m¨ wQ‡jb 5 Rb|7 Zuviv
n‡jb gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb Lvb, Aa¨vcK Avãyj
gvbœvb, gvIjvbv Bg`v`yj nK I gvIjvbv G.†K.Gg Avãym mvjvg| †gvU cuvPRb
Abyev`K Zvdmx‡i Beb AveŸv‡mi e½vbyev` K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv n‡jb gvIjvbv Ave`ym
mvgv`, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK dwi`x, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avey Zv‡ni, nv‡dR gvIjvbv
AvKivg dviæK, gvIjvbv Bg`v`zj nK I gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn& web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x| G
Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` wZb L‡Ð mgvß|
2004 L„. b‡f¤î gv‡m 1g L‡Ði cÖ_g cÖKvk †ei n‡qwQj|8 G‡Z m~iv dvwZnv
†_‡K m~iv ZvIevi 93 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 2q LÐ b‡f¤î 2004 I
3q LÐ wW‡m¤î 2007 L„. cÖKvk †c‡qwQj| 2q L‡Ð m~iv ZvIevi 94 bs AvqvZ †_‡K
m~iv AvbKvey‡Zi 44 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q Ges 3q L‡Ð m~iv
AvbKvey‡Zi 45bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv bvm ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖwZ L‡Ð 10
cviv K‡i †gvU 30 cvivi Zvdmxi G e½vbyev‡` AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡i Be‡b
AveŸv‡mi e½vbyev` †gvU 1836 c„ôvq mgvß| Abyev`KMb mnR-mij I cÖvÄj fvlvq
e½vbyev` m¤úbœ Ki‡Qb|
7. gvIjvbv Avãym mvgv` I Ab¨vb¨ Ab~w`Z, Zvdmx‡i Beb AveŸvm, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k,
XvKv: 2004 L„. 1g LÐ, 1g ms, c„. gnvcwiPvj‡Ki K_v `ªóe¨
8. cÖv¸³, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
10. Zvdmx‡i Dmgvbx
`viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm kvqLyj wn›` nhiZ gvIjvbv
gvngy`yj nvmvb (i.) I ZuviB my‡hvM¨ QvÎ kvqLyj Bmjvg nhiZ gvIjvbv kveŸxi
Avng`
Dmgvbx (i.) ÔZvdmx‡i DmgvbxÕi †hŠ_ cÖ‡YZv| kvqLyj wn›` gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb
(i.) cÖ_g Pvi cvivi Zvdmxi m¤úbœ Kivi ci 1920 L„. BwšÍKvj Ki‡j Zuvi QvÎ
gvIjvbv kveŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx (i.) evKx As‡ki Zvdmxi m¤úbœ K‡ib|9 Zuvi
bvgvbymv‡iB Zvdmx‡ii bvg Zvdmx‡i Dmgvbx ivLv n‡q‡Q|
Zvdmxi Dmgvbx Gi e½vbyev` †gvU Pvi L‡Ð mgvß| D`y© fvlvq iwPZ G
Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Avwjg I wewkó Abyev`K gvIjvbv
Av.e.g. mvBdzj Bmjvg| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì 1g
LÐ Ryb- 1996, 2q LÐ GwcÖj- 1997, 3q LÐ †m‡Þ¤î- 2003 I 4_© LÐ Ryb- 2004
L„. cÖKvk K‡i| 1g L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv AvbAvg, 2q L‡Ð m~iv Avivd †_‡K m~iv
Kvnd, 3q L‡Ð m~iv gviBqvg †_‡K m~iv †Qvqv` I 4_© m~iv hygvi †_‡K m~iv bv‡mi
e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖ_‡g AvqvZ D‡jøL Kivi ci
Zvi wb‡P Avqv‡Zi mnR e½vbyev` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvwR©‡bi wb‡P Avqv‡Zi µwgK
b¤îmn Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb c„ôvq Ôwe‡kl ÁvZe¨Õ D‡jøL K‡i
we‡kl Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
11. Zvdmx‡i Kvexi
Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Be‡b Dgi dLiæÏxb ivhx (i.) weiwPZ weL¨vZ
Zvdmxi MÖš’ gvdvZxûj Mvqe ev Zvdmx‡i Kvex‡ii e½vbyev` BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k Gi GKwU cÖksmbxq D‡`¨vM| Aviex fvlvq iwPZ G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì
Kv‡R mwµq i‡q‡Qb wewkó Avwjg I Abyev`K gvIjvbv Av.e.g. mvBdzj Bmjvg I W.
Ave`yjøvn& Avj-gvÔiæd| m¤úv`bvq i‡q‡Qb W. Av.d.g. Avey eKi wmwÏK| g~j
ZvdmxiwU 16 L‡Ð mgvß| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k KZ…©cÿ Zvdmx‡i Kvex‡ii
e½vbyev` 30 †_‡K 32 L‡Ð cÖKvk Kivi B”Qv †cvlY K‡i‡Qb|10
9. kvweŸi Avng` Dmgvbx, Zvdmx‡i Dmgvbx (gvIjvbv Av.e.g. mvCdzj Bmjvg Ab~w`Z), BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1996 L„. 1g LÐ, 1g ms, c„. AL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
10. Bgvg ivhx, Zvdmx‡i Kvexi, (gvIjvbv Av.e.g. mvBdzj Bmjvg I W. Ave`yjøvn Avj-gvÔiæd Ab~w`Z,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 2007 L„. 1g LÐ, 1g cÖKvk, c„. ÔgnvcwiPvj‡Ki K_vÕ `ªóe¨
Zvdmx‡i Kvex‡ii 1g L‡Ði e½vbyev` wW‡m¤î 2007 L„. cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z m~ivZzj
dvwZnv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Abyev`K Zvdmx‡ii Abyev‡` gv‡S g‡a¨ KziAvb Kvix‡gi AvqvZ
I g~j Aviex Zvdmx‡ii D×„wZ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì fvlv AZ¨šÍ
PgrKvi| evKx LÐ¸‡jvi e½vbyev‡ì KvR Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|
12. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki wewkó Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, eû MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv I Bmjvgx

ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.)11 weiwPZ weL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖš’
Gi e½vbyev` cÖKvk Kiv AvaywbK cÖKvkbx I Lvqiæb cÖKvkbxi GKwU
Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb| D`©y fvlvq iwPZ G HwZnvwmK Zvdmxi MÖš’ evsjv fvlvq Abyev`
K‡ib cÖL¨vZ Avwj‡g Øxb gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg I wewkó Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡
Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje| cÖ_‡g gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg (i.) Gi e½vbyev` I c‡i
Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje mv‡n‡ei e½vbyev` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv nj| mvB‡q` Aveyj
AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) 1972 L„. Qq L‡Ð cÖvq Pvi nvRvi c„ôvi Zvdmxi MÖš’ Zvdnxgyj
KziAvb iPbvi KvR mgvß K‡ib|12 G MÖš’ iPbv cÖm‡½ g~j ZvdmxiKvi mvB‡q¨` Aveyj
AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) e‡j‡Qb-13
ÒG ZvdmxiwUi gva¨‡g Avwg hv‡ì †L`gZ Ki‡Z PvB Zuviv n‡”Qb gvSvix ch©v‡qi wkwÿZ
†jvK| Aviex fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ Zv‡ì †Zgb †Kvb `Lj †bB| KziAvbx Áv‡bi †h weivU
fvÐvi Avgv‡ì GLv‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv †_‡K jvfevb nevi mvg_©¨ I †hvM¨Zv Zv‡ì †bB|
me©v‡MÖ Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbB Avgvi mvg‡b i‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y Zvdmxi msµvšÍ A‡bK Mfxi ZË¡
11. mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) eZ©gvb fvi‡Zi nvq`vivev‡ì AvIisMev` kn‡i 1903 L„. 3
†m‡Þ¤î Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1979 L„. 22 †m‡Þ¤î g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg mvB‡q` Avng`
nvmvb| gvIjvbv Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x 1906-1913 L„. ch©šÍ `viæj Djyg nvq`vivev‡` cvwievwiK
cwi‡e‡k wjLvcov K‡ib| wZwb 1918 L„. mvsevw`KZvq cÖ‡ek K‡i Ôg`xbvÕ 1920 L„. ÔZvRÕ 1922 L„.
ÔgymwjgÕ 1924 L„. Ônvg``©Õ I Avj RwgqZ Ges 1930 L„. ÔZR©ygvbyj KziÕAvbÕ cÖf„wZ cwÎKv I
mvgwqK c‡Îi m¤úv`bvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb| Zuvi Rxe‡bi AwaKvsk mgq e¨q K‡i‡Qb Bmjvgx
ivRbxwZi mv‡_ wb‡R‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i| wZwb 1941 L„. Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx MVb K‡i D³ msMV‡bi
Avgxi wbe©vwPZ nb Ges g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ D³ msMV‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K wewfbœ
mg‡q KviveiY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| ivR‰bwZK e¨¯ÍZvi g‡aÏ wZwb Bmjvgx wkÿvmn wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci
Bmjvgx mvwn‡Z¨ eû cÖeÜ I MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iPbvwì g‡a¨ KziAvbx mvwn‡Z¨ ÔZvdnxg~j
KziAvbÕ AvL¨vq D`©y fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev` I e¨vL¨vB n‡jv Zuvi ‡kªô Ae`vb| (AveŸvm Avjx
Lvb, gvIjvbv gI`y`x, RvZxq MÖš’ cÖKvkbx, XvKv: 1987, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. 370-75)
12. mvB‡q¨` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x, Zvdnxg~j KziAvb, (Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje Ab~w`Z), AvaywbK cÖKvkbx,
XvKv: 1995 L„, 1g LÐ, c„. 6, 11-12 ÔAbyev`‡Ki K_vÕ I ÔcÖm½ K_vÕ, `ªóe¨|
13. mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x, cÖv¸³, c„. 7
Av‡jvPbvq Avwg nvZ w`B wb| Bj‡g Zvdmx‡ii `„wó‡Z †m¸‡jv AZ¨waK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKš‘ GB
†kªYxwUi Rb¨ AcÖ‡qvRbxq| wØZxq †h welqwU Avgvi mvg‡b i‡q‡Q †mwU n‡”Q GKRb
mvaviY cvVK †hb G wKZvewU covi ci KziAv‡bi g~j e³e¨, D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e
eyS‡Z I Dcjw× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| KziAvb Zvi Ici †h ai‡Yi cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z Pvq G
wKZvewU covi ci Zvi Ici †hb wVK †Zgwb cÖfve c‡o| KziÕAvb co‡Z wM‡q †hLv‡b Zvi
g‡b m‡›`n mskq RvM‡e Ges cÖkœ †f‡m DV‡e †mLv‡b G wKZvewU mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvi Reve
w`‡q hv‡e Ges mKj cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni Kvwjgv g~jrcvUb K‡i Zvi g‡bi AvKvk‡K ¯^”Q, my›ì
I wbg©j K‡i Zzj‡e| ms‡ÿ‡c GZUzKz ej‡Z cvwi GUv Avgvi GKUv cÖ‡Póv|Ó
mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î kvwãK
Abyev` c×wZ cwinvi K‡i gy³fv‡e fvevbyev‡ì c×wZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cÖwZwU
m~ivi cÖvi‡¤¢ GKwU f~wgKv ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb| G f~wgKvq mswkøó m~ivi bvgKiY,
bvwh‡ji mgqKvj, bvwh‡ji Dcjÿ, cUf~wg, welqe¯‘ I g~j e³e¨ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi
Dci m~ivi cÖvMv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
AZci wZwb m~ivi bvg, AeZxY© ¯’vb, Zvmwgqv I cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j Aviex,
Zrwb‡P Zvmwgqv I Avqv‡Zi b¤î wenxb D`©y Abyev`, UxKvKv‡i Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wUi iPbvKv‡j †jLK wbæwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L‡Qb e‡j
cÖZxqgvb nq|
1. D³ Zvdmx‡i Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î kvwãK Abyev‡ì cwie‡Z© fvevbyev` c×wZ

Aejw¤^Z n‡q‡Q|
2. G Zvdmx‡i ZvdmxiKvi cweÎ KziAv‡bi D`©y Abyev` I Zvdmx‡ii †ÿ‡Î fvlv‡K
¯^í wkwÿZ I mvaviY †jvK‡ì †evaM‡g¨c‡hvMx K‡i cÖYqY Kivi †Póv
K‡i‡Qb|
3. fvevbyev`‡K ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S Abyev`K eÜbxi g‡a¨ wKQy AwZwi³
kã, evK¨vsk, †Kv_vI c~Y© evKÏ ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb|
4. Abyev` I Zvdmx‡ii fvlv‡K D`©y fvlvi mvwnZ¨ i‡m mg„× Kivi †Pó K‡i‡Qb|
D`©y fvlvq wjwLZ G ZvdmxiwU me© cÖ_g evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib gvIjvbv gynv¤§v`
Ave`yi inxg| AZci AviI KwZcq evsjv fvlvfvlx gymwjg cwÐZ I mvwnwZ¨K Gi
e½vbyev‡` AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|
XvKvi KvImvi cvewj‡KkÝ I Bmjvgx cvewj‡KkÝ wjt 1959 L„. †_‡K cviv
wfwËK 30 L‡Ð G MÖš’wUi e½vbyev` cÖKvkbv ïiæ K‡iwQj|14
cieZ©xKv‡j XvKvi AvaywbK cÖKvkbx 1978-80 L„. g‡a¨ c~Y©v½ MÖš’wU‡K m~iv
wfwËK fvM K‡i 19 L‡Ð cÖKvk K‡i| G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡ì GKRb cÖKvkK
†gvnv¤§` wQwÏKzi ingvb e‡jb,
ÔÔc~‡e© cviv wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK †ÿ‡Î m~iv mg~n wef³ nBqv cwoqvwQj
Ges Zvnv cvVK‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl Amyweavi KviY nBqv ùvovBqvwQj| ZvB †Kvb m~iv‡K LwÐZ
bv Kwiqv K‡qKwU m~ivi mgš^‡q LÐ AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kivi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nBqv‡Q| d‡j GB
e¨vcv‡i cvVK‡ì Avi †Kvb Amyweavi m¤§yLxb nB‡Z nB‡e bv ewjqv g‡b Kiv hvq|Ó15
1978 L„. †_‡K Avwki `kK ch©šÍ XvKvi AvaywbK cÖKvkbx gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
Ave`yi inxg KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z Zvdnxg~j KziAv‡bi cÖwZwU L‡Ði GKvwaK ms¯‹iY
cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| d‡j LÐ¸‡jvi G wewfbœ ms¯‹i‡Y c„ôv msL¨v I g~j¨, gy`ªY eë¯’v I
mg‡qi g‡a¨ ZviZg¨ cwijwÿZ nq| ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq †h, gvIjvbv Ave`yi
inx‡gi G e½vbyev‡` gvIjvbv gI`y`x (i.) Gi Zvdmxi c×wZwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
d‡j Av‡jvP¨ e½vbyev‡` cÖwZwU m~ivi f~wgKv, m~ivi bvg, µwgK msL¨v, AeZx‡Y©i ¯’vb,
AvqvZ I iƒKz msL¨v, Zvmgxqv I Gi e½vbyev`, AZci g~j Aviex, Zrwb‡P Avqv‡Zi
b¤î wenxb e½vbyev` cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg mvB‡q¨` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) KZ…©K Ab~w`Z
I e¨vL¨vZ m~iv Avnhv‡ei c„_K e½vbyevÌ K‡i‡Qb| Gi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡i
XvKvi AvaywbK cÖKvkbx, 1985 L„.| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 148 I g~j¨ wQj 6.50 UvKv|16
Zvdnxgyj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`wU gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inx‡gi Iqvwik‡ì cÿ
†_‡KI cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| XvKvi Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx (10/BG/1, gay evM, bqv‡Uvjv, XvKv-
1217) 1999-2000 L„. cybivq 19 L‡Ð bZzb D‡`¨v‡M ZvdmxiwU cÖKvk K‡i| gvIjvbv
gynv¤§v` Ave`yi inx‡gi ¯¿x I Lvqiæb cÖKvkbxi ¯^Z¡vaxKvix Lvqiæb †bmv Zv‡ì
cÖKvkbvi D‡`¨vM m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
Òm¤cÖwZ Zvdnxg~j KziÕAv‡bi GB Abyev` cÖKv‡k wKQy Awbq‡gi m„wó nBqv‡Q| gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg (i.) Ab~w`Z Zvdnxg wbqwgZ evRv‡i cvIqv hvB‡Z‡Q bv ewjqv
cvVK‡ì wbKU nB‡Z Dch©ycwi Awf‡hvM cvIqv hvB‡Z‡Q|
15. mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x, Zvdnxgyj ‡KviAvb, (gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg Ab~w`Z), AvaywbK cÖKvkbx,
XvKv: 1978 L„, 2q LÐ, 1g ms, c„. ÔcÖm½ K_vÕ `ªóe¨
16. mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x, cÖv¸³, c„. 5,8
A‡b‡KB Zvdnxg cybtcÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Avgvw`M‡K evi evi ZvwM` w`qv‡Qb| †mB Awf‡hvM I
ZvwM‡ì cwi‡cÖwÿ‡ZB Avgiv byZb fv‡e gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg (i.) Ab~w`Z Zvdnxg Gi
cybtcÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ MÖnY KwiqvwQ|17
ÔgvIjvbv Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) weiwPZ Zvdnxgyj KziAvb MÖ‡š’i Av‡iKRb
we‡kl e½vbyev`K n‡jb Rbve Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje| G Abyev`K `xN©w`b hver Bmjvgx
MÖš’ cÖYqY, mvwnZ¨ iPbv, cÖeÜ cÖKvk I Abyev` K‡g©i mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb| Abyev`
mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi we‡kl Kg© nj mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x (i.) KZ…©K D`y© fvlvq cÖYxZ
Zvdnxgyj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inx‡gi gZ gvIjvbv Ave`yj
gvbœvb ZvwjeI Zuvi e½vbyev`wU‡K mw¾ZKi‡Y g~j Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’iB AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|18
Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje Zuvi Abyev‡` evsjv fvlvi PjwZixwZi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| d‡j Zuvi
e½vbyev‡ì fvlv mnR I me©Rb †evaMg¨ n‡q‡Q|19 Z‡e Zuvi Abyev`‡K Aviex, D`©y I
dvm©x k‡ãi cÖfve †_‡K gy³ ejv hvq bv| eZ©gv‡b XvKvi AvaywbK cÖKvkbx I Lvqiæb
cÖKvkbx 19 L‡Ð Zuvi Ab~w`Z Zvdnxgyj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` cÖKvk K‡i hv‡”Q| GQvov
Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRgI gvIjvbv gI`y`x (i.) weiwPZ Zvdnxgyj KziAvb Gi AvswkK
e½vbyev` K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi G e½vbyev`wU ÔZvdnxgyj KziAvb (mvims‡ÿc)Õ wk‡ivbv‡g
XvKvi Avj dvjvn wcÖw›Us †cÖm †_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡q 1982 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
g~j¨ wQj 23 UvKv| Zuvi G Abyev`wUi 2q, 3q, 4_© I 5g ms¯‹iY h_vµ‡g 1986 L„.
1988 L„. 1989 L„. I 1991 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` Bmyd
Avjx, 451, gxi nvRxi evM, XvKv-1204 g~j¨ wQj 45 UvKv|20
Zvdnxgyj KziAvb MÖ‡š’i wKQy wKQy ¯’v‡b gvIjvbv gI`y`x (i.) c~e©m~ix
gydvmmxiMY‡K Abymib bv K‡i ¯^xq gZ‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| G‡Z K‡i Avwjg mgv‡Ri
GKwU Ask Zuvi Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb †Kvb As‡ki e¨vL¨v‡K GK †c‡k e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb|
Avevi †KD †KD D³ Zvdmx‡ii mgv‡jvPbv K‡i cy¯ÍKI iPbv K‡i‡Qb|21 Z‡e
mgv‡jvPbvi cvkvcvwk evsjv fvlvfvlx cvVK‡ì GKwU As‡ki Kv‡Q G Zvdmx‡ii
e¨vcK Pvwn`vI h‡_ó jÿYxq|
17. mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x, Zvdnxg~j KziÔAvb (gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg Ab~w`Z), Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx,
XvKv:y 1999 L„, 19k LÐ, 1g ms, c„. cÖKvwkKvi wb‡e`b ÔbZzb D`¨‡g Zvdnxg~j KziÔAvbÕ `ªóe¨
18. gynv¤§` gwZDi ingvb, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymwjg HwZn¨, BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv: 2002 L„. 1g ms,
c„. 214
19. gynv¤§` gwZDi ingvb, cÖv¸³. c„. 220
20. Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg Avhg KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z I m¤úvw`Z, Zvdnxg~j KziAvb mvims‡ÿc, Avg cvivi
Zvdmxi, (XvKv: 1991), 5g ms¯‹iY, c„. AvL¨vcÎ c„ôvi cieZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
21. evsjv fvlvq G RvZxq MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cwUqv gvìvmvi wkÿK gvIjvbv iwdK Avn‡g‡Ì wjwLZ
ÔgI`y`xi Zdmxi I wPšÍvaviv: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ MÖš’wU Ab¨Zg
13. Zvdmxi-B-RvjvjvBb
cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmi Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb gvnvjøx (i.) I Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx

(i.) weiwPZ ÔZvdmxiæj RvjvjvBbÕ Gi e½vbyev` BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k 1991
L„. ÔZvdmxi-B-RvjvjvBbÕ bv‡g cÖKvk K‡i| GwUi Abyev`K wQ‡jb gvIjvbv dix`
DÏxb gvmD`| G‡Z m~iv dvwZn †_‡K m~iv Bmiv ch©šÍ e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡qQ|1
e½vbyev‡ì fvlv cÖvÄj| g~j Aviex Beiv‡Zi cÖwZ mZK© `„wó †i‡L Abyev`K e½vbyev`
m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb e‡j AbywgZ nq|
14. D¤gyj KziAvb
L¨vwZgvb M‡elK Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` AvLZvi dviæK A‡bK w`b c~‡e© gvIjvbv
Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv` (i.) Gi D¤gyj KziAvb Gi GKwU e½vbyev` K‡iwQ‡jb| GwU evsjv
GKv‡Wgx XvKv †_‡K 1966 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| XvKvi eyK †mvmvBwUi cÿ †_‡K
1974 L„. Gi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k h_vµ‡g
1980 I 1986 L„. Gi Z…Zxq I PZz_© ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡i|2 Abyev‡ì fvlv LyeB
mnR-mij I me©Rb †evaMg¨|
15. AvnKvgyj KziAvb
wewkó M‡elK gydvmwmi I dKxn Avjøvgv Avey eKi Avngv` Avj Rvmmvm (i.)
weiwPZ wek¦weL¨vZ MÖš’ AvnKvgyj KziAvb Gi e½vbyev` BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`‡ki
GKwU cÖksmbxq Ae`vb| cweÎ KziAv‡bi weavb m¤úK©xq AvqvZmg~‡ni we¯ÍvwiZ
Zvdmxi G MÖ‡š’ we`¨gvb| Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (i.) Gi gvhnve‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q G MÖš’
iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aviex fvlvq iwPZ G MÖš’wU evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib wewkó Avwjg
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg (i.)| AvnKvgyj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev` `yB L‡Ð mgvß| Ryb-
1988 L„. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k-Gi e½vbyev‡ì cÖ_g LÐ cÖ_g cÖKvk K‡ib|3
†m‡Þ¤î- 2006 L„. cÖ_g L‡Ði wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| b‡f¤î- 1988 L„. Gi
wØZxq LÐ cÖ_g cÖKvk hvq|
AvnKvgyj KziAv‡bi e½vbyev‡ì fvlv AZ¨šÍ mnR-mij I cÖvÄj| g~j Aviex
Bevi‡Zi cÖwZ mZK© `„wó †i‡L e½vbyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’ D‡jøwLZ AvqvZmg~‡ni
e½vbyev` I cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b Abyev‡ì wb‡P gvwR©b w`‡q †h UxKv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv
Abyev`‡Ki wbR¯^|
1. †gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb, cweÎ KziAvb cÖPv‡ii BwZnvm I e½vbyev‡ì kZ©el©, cÖv¸³, c„. 191
2. †gvt Avãyi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„. 20
3. Avjøvgv Avey eKi Avj Rvmmvm (i.), AvnKvgyj KziAvb, (gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg Ab~w`Z),
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv: 1988 L„. 1g cÖKvk, c„. ÔcÖKvk‡Ki K_vÕ `ªóe¨
16. eqvbyj KziAvb (Zvdmx‡i Avkivdx)

wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a©i †klfv‡M XvKv Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix KZ…©cÿ weÁ
AvwjgM‡Yi mgš^‡q GKwU Abyev` I m¤úv`bv ‡evW© MVb K‡i gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx
_vbexÕi4 Ôeqvbyj KziAvbÕ Gi e½vbyev` K‡i ÔZvdmx‡i AvkivdxÕ bv‡g cÖKvk Ki‡Z
_v‡K| Abyev` I m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨‡ì bvg I Zuv‡ì RxebKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Z_¨
G Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev‡` D‡jøL Kiv nq wb|
ÔZvdmx‡i AvkivdxÕ
D`y© fvlvq cÖYxZ Ôeqvbyj KziAvbÕ ZvdmxiwU me© cÖ_g 1336 wn. cÖKvwkZ nq|
AZci ÔgyKv¤§vj evqvbyj KziAvbÕ AvL¨vq 1352 wn. cÖKvwkZ nq| Gfv‡e D`y© fvlvq
ZvdmxiwUi GKvwaK ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| AZci ÔZvdmx‡i AvkivdxÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
1950 L„. †_‡K XvKvi Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix KZ…©cÿ KZ…©K Gi e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ n‡Z
_v‡K| wb‡gœ Av‡jvP¨ Zvdmx‡ii KwZcq êwkó¨ Zz‡j aiv nj-
1. G Zvdmx‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖwZwU m~iv I Avqv‡Zi c~e©vci †hvMm~Î ewY©Z

n‡q‡Q|
2. mgv_©‡evaK AvqvZ¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î wjwce× K‡i †m¸‡jvi welqe¯‘i Av‡jv‡K

wbw`©ó wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb AvqvZ¸‡jvi Abyev`, e¨vL¨v, fvev_© I UxKv-wUàbx
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
3. AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î weï× nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
4. cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abyev‡` fvlvi AjsKvwiK wel‡qi †P‡q AvwfavwbK

Abyev‡ì cÖavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
5. G‡Z A‡bK AvaywbK hyM wRÁvmvi Reve cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
6. G‡Z AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î mvj&d mvwjnx‡bi gZvgZ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b

gydvmwmiM‡Yi gZ‰ØZZv m„wó n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨ gZwU
M„wnZ n‡q‡Q e‡j `vex Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4. gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbex (i.) 1280 wn./ 1863 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1362 wn./ 1943 L„.
19 †k RyjvB †mvgevi wèvMZ iv‡Z g„ZzëiY K‡ib| wZwb 1295 wn. `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` fwZ© n‡q
1301 wn. cvV¨ Rxeb mgvß K‡ib| AZci wZwb 1315 wn. ch©šÍ Kvbcyi gvìvmvq Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|
wZwb 1307 wn. Ava¨vwZ¥K wkÿv mvabvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Ges nvRx kvn Gg`v`yjøvn& gynvwR‡i g°xi
nv‡Z evqÔAvZ MÖnY K‡ib|
XvKvi Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix KZ…©cÿ D³ Zvdmx‡ii e½vbyev`wU 1950 L„. †_‡K

cviv wfwËK 30 L‡Ð cÖKvk K‡i| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j Dc‡iv³ wÎk L‡Ði cÖwZwU LÐ ev
cviv GKvwaKeviI cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ciI cviv wfwËK D³
Zvdmxi cÖKvwkZ nq| eZ©gv‡b D³ ZvdmxiwU 6 L‡ÐI cvIqv hvq|
1g L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv wbmvi 147 bs AvqvZ, 2q L‡Ð m~iv wbmvi 148
bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv ZvIevi 93 bs AvqvZ, 3q L‡Ð m~iv ZvIevi 94 bs AvqvZ †_‡K
m~iv Kvnvd Gi 74 bs AvqvZ, 4_© L‡Ð m~iv Kvnvd Gi 75 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv
AvbKveyZ Gi 44 bs AvqvZ, 5g L‡Ð m~iv AvbKveyZ Gi 45 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv
Rvwmqvn m¤ú~Y© I 6ô L‡Ð m~iv AvnKvd Gi cÖ_g †_‡K m~iv bvm Gi †kl ch©šÍ
e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Abyev`wUi c„ôv¼ wQj cviv fwËK| G‡Z cÖwZwU cvivi
e½vbyev‡ì c~‡e© cÖwZwU cvivi AšÍM©Z m~iv mg~‡ni Avqv‡Zi welqe¯‘i m~Px ms‡hvwRZ
n‡q‡Q| g~j Zvdmx‡i Aviex fvlvq cÖwZwU cviv I m~ivi bvg, AeZxY© ¯’vb I AvqvZ
msL¨v D‡jøLc~e©K g~j Aviex I Gi D`y© Abyev`, Zrwb‡P Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vg~jK ZiRgv,
AZci Avqv‡Zi UxKv-wUàbxmn Avqv‡Zi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| e½vbyev‡Ì G
bxwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q|
cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb ZrKZ…©K wLjvdZcÖvß nb| wZwb wQ‡jb cÖLi †gavi AwaKvix| QvÎ Ae¯’v †_‡KB
wZwb MÖš’ iPbv Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| ZvmvDdmn Bmjvgx wkÿvi wewfbœ kvLvq wZwb Qq kZvwaK MÖš’ iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iPbvwì g‡a¨ KziAvbx mvwn‡Z¨ Ôeqvbyj KziAvbÕ AvL¨vq D`y© fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi
Abyev` I e¨vL¨v MÖš’B Zuvi †kªô KxwZ©|
(gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmKv›`vi †gvgZvRx I gvIjvbv gy. Ave`yj nK Rvjvjvev`x, nvqv‡Z Avkivd, wm‡jU,
1965 L„, 1g ms, c„. 8, 22, 27-28, 31, 69-87, 131)
PZz_© Aa¨vq
gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg: Rxeb I Kg©
f~wgKv
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv Bmjvgx

wPšÍvwe`M‡Yi Ab¨Zg| M‡elK, ZvdmxiKvi, Bmjvgx MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv I evM¥x wn‡m‡e wZwb
G ‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q AZ¨šÍ cwiwPZ e¨w³| Zuvi eY©vX¨ Kg©gq Rxe‡b AmvaviY
cÖwZfvi ¯^vÿi cvIqv hvq| Avjøvni Øx‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii KvR‡K wZwb Zuvi Rxe‡bi
eªZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| †iwWI-†Uwjwfkb, cÎ-cwÎKv, mvwnZ¨-KweZv, †mwgbvi-

wm‡¤úvwRqvg I IqvR-gvnwdj †hLv‡bB wZwb my‡hvM †c‡Zb Øx‡bi cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R G
gva¨g ¸‡jv‡K AZ¨šÍ h‡Zœi mv‡_ Kv‡R jvMv‡Zb| wZwb GKvav‡i ÔAvj evjvMÕ cwÎKvi
m¤úv`K, ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`kÕ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ wiwfD KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb,
Zvdmx‡i Zvevixi Abyev` I m¤úv`bv KwgwUi mfvcwZ, eyLvix kixd Abyev` I m¤úv`bv
KwgwUi mfvcwZ Ges mv‡eK Avj evivKv e¨vsK wjwg‡UW Gi kixqv †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb|1 Kg©Rxe‡bi kZ e¨¯ÍZvi gv‡SI wZwb A‡bK¸‡jv
Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’vejxi gv‡S ÔZdmx‡i byiæj †KviAvbÕ
Ab¨Zg| G ZvdmxiwU Zuvi `xN© mvabv I M‡elYvi dmj| 1981 L„. †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
1998 L„. ch©šÍ my`xN© 17 eQi AZ¨šÍ cwikªg K‡i wZwb G Zvdmxi MÖš’Lvwb iPbv
K‡ib| hv XvKvi Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ 1981 n‡Z 1998 L„. ch©šÍ 30 L‡Ð 11,102
c„ôvq cÖKvk K‡i|2 wZwb G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z 156 c„ôv e¨vcx ÔAeZiwYKvÕ †ck
K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi msKjb, msiÿY †_‡K ïiæ K‡i gvbe Rxe‡b
KziAvbyj Kvix‡gi Avek¨KZvmn Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ LywUbvwU welq Ges ZvInx`, †imvjvZ
I Av‡Liv‡Zi eY©bv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|3 evsjv fvlvfvlx cÖwZwU
gvby‡li ü`qZš¿x‡Z KziAv‡bi Av‡jvK †cŠu‡Q †`qvi GK A‡gvN ZvwM` i‡q‡Q GB
Zvdmx‡ii cÖwZwU cvZvq|
1. †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, nhiZ gIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg-Rxeb I mvabv, Avb b~i
cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv: 2003 L„. c„. 37
2. cÖv¸³, 35
3. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i byiæj †KviAvb, Avj evjvM cvewj‡Kkbm, XvKv : 1981
L„. 1g LÐ, c„. ÔAeZiwYKvÕ `ªóe¨
AZx‡Zi meKwU cÖwm× Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i cvkvcvwk GwU wbtm‡›`‡n evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
GK gnvg~jëvb ms‡hvRb| Zvui Rxe‡bi me©w`‡K I me©Kv‡R Øx‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii
GKwU e¨vKzjZv jÿ Kiv hvq| ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j GUv my®úófv‡e cÖwZfvZ nq †h, Øx‡bi
`vIqvZ cÖ`vb‡KB wZwb †hb Zvui Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb|
wb‡gœ G gbxwli Rxeb I K‡g©i GKwU bvwZ`xN© ch©v‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv nj-
Rb¥ I esk cwiPq :
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1932 L„. (30 ˆPÎ, 1338 ev. †ivR
kwbevi, ev` dRi) Kzwgjøv †Rjvi eiæov _vbvi AšÍM©Z evNgviv MÖv‡gi wgqv evwo‡Z
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †gvnv¤§` Avjx wgqv, gv‡qi bvg †gvmv¤§r
Av‡bvqviæ‡bœQv| wZwb Zuvi mvZ fvB †ev‡bi gv‡S cÂg|4 Zuvi esk cwiPq wbgœiƒc:
wcZvi w`K †_‡K :
w`jøxi gyNj mgªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi mgq Zuvi fvB‡ì m‡½ Zuvi cÖPÐ
gZwe‡iva nq| G‡Z wÿß n‡q Zuvi fvB kvnm~Rv w`jøx †Q‡o Z`vbxšÍb ev½vjvi wÎcyiv
ev eZ©gvb Kzwgjøvq AvMgb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b wKQyw`b Ae¯’vbI K‡ib| Kzwgjøv kn‡ii
weL¨vZ Ôm~Rv ev`kvi gmwR`Õ AvRI Zuvi ¯§„wZi cwiPq enb Ki‡Q| †hme wewkó
e¨w³eM© Zuvi mdi m½x wn‡m‡e G‡`‡k G‡mwQ‡jb Rbve bv‡qe Avjx wgqv wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì
Ab¨Zg| ïRvZ Avjx wgqv I †Mvjvg Avjx wgqv bv‡g Zuvi `yÕRb cyÎ mšÍvb wQj| wZwb
Zuvi G `yÕcyÎ‡K wb‡q Kzwgjøvi evkcyi MÖv‡g emevm ïiæ K‡ib| Kzwgjøvi jvjgvB
cvnv‡oi Mv †Nu‡l GKwU wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o Zuv‡ì jv‡LivR m¤úwË wQj| evkcyi MÖv‡g
AvRI Zuvi cwiPq enbKvix GKwU cyivZb cvKv gmwR` I GKwU w`Nx i‡q‡Q| †h w`Nxi
cv‡oB Zuvi KeiwU we`¨gvb| evkcyi †_‡K cÖvq AvU gvBj cwðg w`‡K Aew¯’Z evNgviv
MÖv‡g Rbve †Mvjvg Avjx wgqv weevn K‡ib| Kw_Z Av‡Q| XvKvi Z`vbxšÍb gyNj
kvmbKZ©v kv‡q¯Ív Lvb GKevi m¯¿xK XvKvq Av‡mb| ZLb Zvi ¯¿x Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob|
hLb †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB beve kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi ¯¿xi †ivM wbivgq nw”Qj bv ZLb beve nhiZ
kvn KgiæÏxb (i.)5 Gi kibvcbœ nb|
4. †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„.17,19
5. XvKvi AvwRgcyi ìevi kix‡di mydx `v‡qg mv‡ne (i.) Gi fvwMbv, Avi mydx `v‡qg (i.) wQ‡jb
kvn& m~dx nhiZ eLwZqvi gvnx mvIqvi evM`v`x (i.) Gi eskai|
(†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„.19)

nhiZ kvn KgiæÏxb (i.) Gi †`vqvi eiK‡Z Avjøvni A‡kl K…cvq †eMg kv‡q¯Ív Lvb
my¯’ n‡q D‡Vb| G‡Z AZ¨šÍ Lykx n‡q beve Zuv‡K GK nvRvi GKi jv‡LivR m¤úwË
cÖ`vb K‡ib| Dc‡iv‡jøvwLZ evNgviv MÖvgwU †m hgx‡biB AšÍfy©³| G GjvKvq hgxb
jv‡fi ci kvn KgiæÏxb (i.) GLv‡b emevm Kivi wm×všÍ †bb|
G GjvKvi cv‡k¦© weòcyi bv‡g GKwU MÖvg i‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b weòivq †PŠayix bv‡g
GKRb Agymwjg Rwg`vi evm Ki‡Zb| nhiZ kvn KgiæÏxb (i.) Zuv‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi
Avnevb Rvbv‡j wZwb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| c‡i GB wn›`y Rwg`vi Zuvi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i
gvnZveywÏb †PŠayix bvg aviY K‡ib| H bIgymwjg Rwg`vi AweevwnZ wQ‡jb| nhiZ
kvn KgiæÏxb (i.) Zuvi GKgvÎ Kb¨v‡K Zuvi mv‡_ we‡q †`b| cieZ©xKv‡j Zuv‡ì †Kvj
Ry‡o Av‡m GKwU dzUdz‡U Kb¨v mšÍvb| beRvZ‡Ki bvg ivLv nq b~iRvnvb| cieZ©x‡Z
GB b~iRvnv‡bi mv‡_ we‡q nq c~‡e©vwjøwLZ evkcyi MÖv‡gi Rwg`vi bv‡qe Avjx wgqvi cyÎ
†Mvjvg Avjx wgqvi mv‡_| GB `¤úwZ evNgviv MÖv‡gB emevm ïiæ K‡ib| Zuv‡ì Ji‡m
Pvi mšÍvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Pvi mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ bvRxg Avjx wgqv wQ‡jb mevi eo| giûg
bvRxg Avjx wgqviI PviRb cyÎ mšÍvb wQj| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ GKR‡bi bvg n‡jv †gvnv¤§`
Avjx wgqv| Avi wZwbB n‡jb Av‡jvP¨ †jLK gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.)
Gi m¤§vwbZ wcZv| 6
gvZvi w`K †_‡K : Kzwgjøv †Rjvi jvKmvg _vbvi AšÍM©Z cvkvcyi MÖv‡gi wgqv evoxi
wgqv es‡ki cÖ_g e¨w³ wQ‡jb Rbve kvnveywÏb wgqv| Zuvi GKgvÎ cyÎ wQ‡jb Avkivd
Avjx wgqv| Zuvi Ji‡m †gŠjfx gybvIqvi Avjx wgqv, †gŠjfx †gvnv¤§` Bqvmxb wgqv I
kvnv`vr †nvmvBb mv`y wgqv bv‡g wZb Rb cyÎ mšÍvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †gŠjfx †gvnv¤§`
Bqvmxb wgqv Kzwgjøvi gvwbKkvi wgqv evwoi giûg †gvgZvR DÏxb wgqvi †evb‡K weevn
K‡ib| ZuviB M‡f© †gvmv¤§r Av‡bvqviæ‡bœQv bv‡g GKwU Kb¨vmšÍvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Avi
G Av‡bvqviæ‡bœQvB n‡jb gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi gynZvivgvn
Rbbx|7
6. ‡gvnv¤§` gvn`yi nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 3
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
gvIjvbvi wcZv-gvZvi êwkó¨:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi wcZv †gŠjfx †gvnv¤§` Avjx wgqv
(g„. 1985 L„.) wQ‡jb GKRb AZ¨šÍ ci‡nRMvi I `vbkxj e¨w³| Øxwb Bj‡gi cÖwZ
Zuvi AbyivM wQj Awe¯§iYxq| Kzwgjøv †Rjvi eiæov _vbvaxb ingZMÄ MÖv‡g wZwb GKwU
gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡i G‡Z GKvav‡i 60 eQi Øxwb Bj‡gi cÖmv‡i Abe`¨ f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i‡Qb|8 wZwb Zuvi mšÍvb‡ì‡KI Øxwb wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ gvIjvbv
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) e‡jb
ÒAveŸvRvb (i.) ïay †h Avgv‡ì‡K Øxwb ZvÔjxg †`qvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zv-B bq; eis G
Kvi‡Y wZwb Z`vbxšÍb Kv‡ji mKj L¨vZbvgv Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi m‡½ we‡kl eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK©
ivL‡Zb, Zuv‡ì‡K evox‡Z `vIqvZ w`‡Zb Ges Avgv‡ì evoxi cÖv½‡b Zuv‡ì IqvR
bwmn‡Zi eë¯’v Ki‡Zb|Ó9
wZwb Zvui mšÍvb gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †K jÿ¨ K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb Ò†Zvgvi wbKU
`ywbqvi wKQyB PvB bv| Avwg PvB Zzwg Av‡Liv‡Z Avgvi DcKvix nI|Ó10 Zuvi Av¤§vRvb
†gvmv¤§r Av‡bvqviæ‡bœQv (g„. 1998 L„.) wQ‡jb GKRb Av`k© gnxqmx bvix| wZwb wQ‡jb
kixq‡Zi h_vh_ Abymvix, c`©vi e¨vcv‡i wQ‡jb m`v mZ©K| gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg
(i.) Zuvi Kv‡QB cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g meK MÖnY K‡ib|11 wZwb Zuvi mšÍvb‡ì‡K
gvby‡li m‡½ fvj eënvi, Mixe-`y:Lx‡ì cÖwZ mnvqZv Kiv, mg‡qi mØënvi Kiv I
†jLvcovq AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kivi `xÿv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì GB HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póvi cÖwZ
K…ZÁZv Ávcb K‡i gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) e‡j‡Qb ÒAveŸvRvb I Av¤§vRv‡bi
AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póv e¨ZxZ Avwg Øxwb Gjg nvwmj Ki‡Z mÿg nZvg bv|Ó 12
wkÿv Rxeb:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) wbR M„‡n Zuvi m¤§vwbZv gv‡qi Kv‡Q
cÖv_wgK †jLvcov ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi gv-B Zuv‡K cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖv_wgK meK cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| Zvici wZwb Kzwgjøvi eiæovq Zuvi wcZvi cÖwZwôZ ingZMÄ gvìvmvi
gynZvwgg gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb mv‡n‡ei wbKU Bj‡g wK¡ivAvZ Ges ¯’vbxq ingZMÄ
gvìvmv †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|
8. †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 10
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 9-10
10. Avj evjvM, A‡±vei, 1998 msL¨v
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 14
Gici ingZMÄ gvìvmvi wkÿK gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb, gvIjvbv Avãyj nvgx`,
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvKxg I gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb (i.) Gi wbKU D`y©, dvm©x I Aviex
fvlvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb Zuv‡ì wbR¯^ evox‡Z we‡klfv‡e
gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb mv‡n‡ei wbKU Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’vwÌ Aa¨qb K‡ib| Gici wZwb
gvIjvbv Aveyj Kv‡mg mv‡n‡ei wbKU c~Y© GKeQi hver Aviex e¨vKiY Aa¨qb
K‡ib|13 AZci 1947 L„. AvMó gv‡m XvKvi weL¨vZ Øxwb wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi eo KvUviv
Avkivdzj Djyg gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| ‡m mgq D³ gvìvmvi m‡½ Z`vbxšÍb mg‡qi †h
mKj weL¨vZ Ijvgv‡q wKivg m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ g‡a¨ nhiZ gvIjvbv Rvdi
Avng` Imgvbx (i.), gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (i.) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨| D³
gvìvmvq gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) my-`xN© wZb eQi †jLvcov K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z
XvKvq Zuvi gyiæeŸx gvIjvbv Rvdi Avng` Imgvbx (i.) Gi wbKU †gkKvZ kix‡di ïiæ
†_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZci Zuvi gyiæeŸx gvIjvbv Rvdi Avng` Imgvbxi
(i.) civgk©µ‡g †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| wZwb G gvìvmv
†_‡K Avwjg cixÿv w`‡q †gav ZvwjKvq beg ¯’vb Ges dvwRj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefvM
AR©b K‡ib Ges †mB mv‡_ wZwb miKvix ¯‹jvikxcI jvf K‡ib|14
G mgq wkÿv wefv‡Mi cÿ †_‡K mKj ¯‹zj-gv`vivmvq evsjv, D`y© Ges Bs‡iRx
fvlvq weZK© cÖwZ‡hvMxZv AbywôZ n‡j ‡Rjv ch©v‡q D`y© fvlvq weZ‡K© wZwb cÖ_g ¯’vb
AwaKvi K‡ib Ges †mB mv‡_ wefvMxq cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| †mLv‡bI wZwb
kxl© ¯’vb AwaKvi Kivi d‡j cÖv‡`wkK cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq Ask MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb AveviI
wbe©vwPZ nb| Gici ivRavbx XvKvi Avigvwb‡Uvjv nvB¯‹zj gv‡V cÖv‡`wkK weZK©
cÖwZ‡hvMxZv AbywôZ n‡j †mLv‡bI wZwb weRqx †NvwlZ nb| c‡ii w`b Ôˆ`wbK AvRv`Õ
cwÎKv Zuvi Rxeb e„ËvšÍ cÖKvk K‡i Ges evsjvfvlx nIqv m‡Ë¡I D`y© fvlvq weZK©
cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq P¨vw¤úqvb nIqvq mK‡j we¯§q cÖKvk K‡ib|15 I¯ÍvRMY Zuv‡K AZ¨šÍ
†mœn Ki‡Zb| covïbv †kl K‡i ‡bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb hLb we`vq
MÖnY K‡ib Zuvi I¯ÍvRMY Zuv‡K AkÖæwm³ bq‡b we`vq cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Kvb Qv‡Îi we`vq
Abyôv‡b I¯ÍvRe„‡›ì G iKg e¨w_Z g‡bvfve GKwU weij I Awe¯§iYxq NUbv|16
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 20
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 21
15. mvB‡q` †gvnv¤§` mvdIqvb, eqvbyj Bmjvg, eviKvZx cvewj‡Kkbm, XvKv: 2011 L„. c„. 48
16. ‡gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 22
†bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv †_‡K dvwhj cvm K‡i 1955 L„. wZwb XvKv Avwjqv
gvìvmvq Kvwg‡j fwZ© nb| cÖL¨vZ Avwjg gydZx Avgxg~j Bnmvb (i.) ZLb XvKv
Avwjqvi †nW gvIjvbv wQ‡jb| Zuvi Kv‡QB gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †evLvix kixd
covi my‡hvM cvb| XvKv Avwjqv †_‡K Kvwgj cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i wZwb mviv‡`‡k
†gav ZvwjKvq 5g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| Gici miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K Zuv‡K `yÕeQ‡ii Rb¨
nv`xm kv‡¯¿i GKwU we‡kl M‡elYvq ÔwimvP© ¯‹jvikxcÕ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| 1957 L„. ch©šÍ
`xN© 2 eQ‡i XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmvi Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi mv‡n‡ei ZË¡veav‡b
D³ M‡elYvi KvR mgvß K‡ib Ges Aviex fvlvq iwPZ M‡elYv wi‡cvU© wU Zuvi Kv‡Q
`vwLj K‡ib| Zuvi M‡elYvi welq wQjÑ
‫ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺞ اﺣﺎدﯾﺚ ﺷﺮح ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻻﺛﺎرﻟﻠﻄﺤﺎوي‬
A_©vr Bgvg Z¡vnvex (i.) Zuvi Ôki‡n gvÔAvwbj AvQviÕ MÖ‡š’ †h mKj nv`xm msKjb
K‡i‡Qb, †m ¸‡jv wmnvn wmËvi †Kvb& MÖ‡š’ †Kv_vq i‡q‡Q Zv Lyu‡R †ei K‡i m~Î wjwce×
Kiv|17 Zuvi G M‡elYvjã cvÐywjwcwU †c‡q gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ
Avbw›`Z nb Ges Avwjqv gvìvmvi ZrKvjxb †nW gvIjvbv gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb (i.)
Gi wbKU Zuvi fyqmx cÖksmv K‡ib| d‡j gydZx mv‡ne gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj
Bmjvg (i.) †K evox‡Z †W‡K †bb Ges e‡jb| Òevev! GKMxi I gynKvg MxiÓ A_©vr
evev Zzwg Ávb mvabvi G KvRwUB Ki Ges Gi Dci my`„p _vK| 18
Kg©Rxeb:
gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb (i.) Gi e³e¨ Òevev GKMxi I gynKvg MxiÓ-Zzwg Ávb
mvabvi G KvRwUB Ki Ges Gi Dci my`„p _vK| G bwmnZwU gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †K GZUvB AbycÖvwYZ K‡i †h, wZwb Zuvi c~Y© Rxeb‡K Ávb mvabvq
I Gi cÖPv‡i DrmM© K‡ib| G Rb¨ Ávb mvabv I Áv‡bi cÖPvi Kvh© †_‡K Zuvi
Kg©Rxeb‡K Avjv`v K‡i eY©bv Kiv KwVb| GB Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e wZwb 1979 L„.
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii †cÖwiZ ÔDjvgv cÖwZwbwa `‡ji †bZv wnmv‡e B‡›`v‡bwkqv I
gvj‡qwkqv mdi K‡ib| 1413 wn. wgki miKvi KZ…©K Øxwb †L`g‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ ¯îƒc
¯^Y©c`K cÖvß nb| Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK wel‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 1407-1408 wn.
wZwb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb cyi¯‹v‡iI f~wlZ n‡q‡Qb|19
17. mvB‡q` †gvnv¤§` mvdIqvb, eqvbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 50
18. cÖv¸³
19. W. †gvnv¤§` Avãyj I`y`, cÖv¸³, c„. 337
wZwb IqvR-gvnwdj, Øxwb MÖš’ cÖYqb, †iwWI-‡Uwjwfkb I RygyÔAvi Lyrevq Øxwb

e³e¨ cÖ`vb I Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i Kg© Rxe‡bi wmsnfvM mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
GgbwK wZwb BwšÍKv‡ji c~‡e©I Zuvi wbR¯^ evmfe‡b 16 b‡f¤î 2007 L„. ïµevi ev`
gvMixe mvßvwnK gvnwd‡j IqvR †kl K‡i mvjvZzj Bkv covi ci Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob|
ciw`b mKvj †ejvq Zvuu‡K nvmcvZv‡j †bqv nq| wZwb Avi my¯’ n‡q D‡Vbwb| Cgvbx
‡ZR`xßZvq wZwb wQ‡jb Av‡cvlnxb ¯^fv‡ei AwaKvix| mZ¨ I b¨vq cÖKv‡k wZwb Kv‡iv
c‡ivqv Ki‡Zb bv| 1978 L„. RvZxq msm‡ì Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nIqvi c~‡e© wZwb
ZrKvjxb †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingv‡bi Kvh©vj‡q Mgb K‡ib Ges †cÖwm‡W›U‡K jÿ¨ K‡i
e‡jb, ï‡bwQ AvR msm` Awa‡ekb em‡Z hv‡”Q Ges Awa‡ek‡bi ïiæ‡Z KziAvb
wZjvIqv‡Zi ci MxZv cvV Kiv n‡e| †cÖwm‡W›U nu¨v m~PK Reve w`‡jb| ZLb wZwb
ej‡jb G‡Z, KziAv‡bi Aegvbbv Kiv n‡e| †cÖwm‡W›U ZLbB Zvui wm×všÍ cwieZ©b K‡i
ej‡jb, wVK Av‡Q hvb, ïay KziAvb KvixgB wZjvIqvZ Kiv n‡e|20
†cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingvb I †cÖwm‡W›U ûmvBb gynv¤§` Gikv` Zvu‡K ag©

gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿xi c` MÖnY Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡j wZwb Zuv‡ì cÖ¯Íve wdwi‡q †`b|21
Zuvi Kg©Rxeb êwPÎgqZvq ficyi| wb‡gœ Zvui eY©vX¨ Kg©Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
IqvR-gvnwdj :
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi Rxe‡bi weivU GKwU Ask

AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q †`k-we‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b IqvR-gvnwdj Kivi gva¨‡g| my`xN© cÂvk
eQi a‡i wZwb G KvRwU AZ¨šÍ GKwbôZvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| KyiAvb I nv`x‡mi
e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g me©mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q Bmjvg‡K mnR‡eva¨ K‡i Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi cwic~Y© AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Qb|
1958 L„. Kzwgjøv kn‡i 55wU gmwR` wQj| G gmwR` ¸‡jv‡Z cÖvqk: Øxwb
gvnwdj AbywôZ n‡Zv| Avi G gvnwdj ¸‡jv‡Z gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) `yB-wZb
N›Uv mgq wb‡q GKUvbv eqvb Ki‡Zb| bexb e³v wn‡m‡e PZzw`©‡K ZLbB Zuvi L¨vwZ
Qwo‡q c‡owQj|22
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 11
1959 L„. gvSvgvwS mg‡q XvKvi beve evwo¯’ Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvi evwl©K
gvnwd‡j `viæj Djyg †Ìe‡›ì ZrKvwjb gynZvwgg gvIjvbv ˆZqë mv‡ne (i.) cÖavb
†gngvb wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z _vKvi K_v wQj, wKš‘ wZwb Avm‡Z cv‡ibwb| A_P H w`b
weKv‡j beve evox gq`v‡b 15 †_‡K 20 nvRvi †jv‡Ki mgvMg nq| gvìvmv KZ…©cÿ
Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡q gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi kibvcbœ nb| wZwb
cwiw¯’wZi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i gvnwd‡j hvIqvi m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡ib| H w`b wZwb
gvMwie †_‡K ivZ GMviUv ch©šÍ eqvb K‡ib| gvnwdj †k‡l †NvlYv Kiv nq †h, Bbkv
Avjøvn AvMvgxKvj gynZvivg ˆZqë mv‡n‡ei ïfvMgb n‡e| wKš‘ †mw`bI wfmv msµvšÍ
RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y Zuvi XvKv Avmv m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB wØZxq w`bI gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) ivZ GMviUv ch©šÍ beve evoxi gvnwd‡j eqvb K‡i mevB‡K
Awff~Z K‡i ‡`b| Zuvi G Afvebxq evM¥xZvi Kvi‡Y D³ gvìvmvi gynZvwgg gvIjvbv
wmÏxK Avng` mv‡ne, mìæj gy`viwimxb gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng` mv‡ne I
bv‡q‡e ZvÔwjgvZ gvIjvbv ikx` Avng` mv‡ne (i.) ZLb Zuv‡K ÔZvRyj †LvZvevÕ
Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|23
wZwb Ggb gvnwdjI K‡i‡Qb hv Avm‡ii bvgv‡hi ci ïiæ n‡q ivZ mv‡o
GMviUvq †kl n‡Zv| GKw`‡b wZwb GKvwaK gvnwd‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb Ggb NUbv
AmsLëvi N‡U‡Q| ‡Kvb GKw`b mKvj mv‡o mvZUvi d¬vB‡U P‡o wZwb XvKv †_‡K †mvqv
AvUUvq wm‡jU wegvb e›`‡i AeZi‡Yi ci kni †_‡K cÖvq wÎk gvBj `~‡i weqvbx
evRvi gvnwd‡j mKvj `kUv †_‡K `ycyi eviUv ch©šÍ eqvb K‡ib| AZci Av‡iv `k
gvBj `~‡i Av‡iKwU gvnwd‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †mLvb †_‡K mv‡o wZbUvq wm‡jU wegvb
e›`‡i †cuŠ‡Qb Ges PviUv c‡bi wgwb‡U XvKv wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| H w`b
weKvj mv‡o cuvPUvi d¬vB‡U PÆMÖvg †cuŠ‡Q PÆMÖv‡gi GKwU gvnwd‡j ev` gvMixe †_‡K
mv‡o AvUUv ch©šÍ eqvb K‡ib| AZci wdiZx d¬vB‡U XvKv †cuŠ‡Q jvjevM kvnx Rv‡g
gmwR‡ì mvg‡b AbywôZ mxivZzbœex (mv.) gvnwd‡j AskMÖnY K‡ib| ivZ †cŠ‡b GKUvq
gybvRv‡Zi gva¨‡g gvnwdj mgvß nq|24
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 31
wZwb Aviex, dvm©x, D`y©, Bs‡iRx I evsjv fvlvq mgvb cvi`k©x wQ‡jb| G
fvlv¸‡jvi mgš^‡q wZwb N›Uvi ci N›Uv IqvR Ki‡Zb| †kªvZv‡ì ‡KD Zuvi gvnwdj
†_‡K D‡V †hZ bv Ges Aw¯’iI nZ bv|25 wZwb XvKvi wewfbœ gmwR‡` avivevwnK
Zvdmxi gvnwdj cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| 1976 L„. XvKvi Avãyj nv`x ‡jb gnjøvi Rbve
gwbiæÏxb wek¦vm I Avãyi ikx` mv‡n‡ei Aby‡ivaµ‡g Avãyj nv`x †jb gmwR‡` cÖwZ
kwbevi ev` Gkv Zvdmxi gvnwdj ïiæ K‡ib| my`xN© †Zi eQi ch©šÍ mvßvwnK G
Zvdmxi gvnwdjwU Ae¨vnZ wQj| wVK GKB mg‡q XvKvi †PŠayix evRvi gmwR‡Ì
Avjnv¾ wmivR DÏxb mv‡n‡ei Aby‡ivaµ‡g Zvdmxi gvnwdj ïiæ K‡ib| GLv‡bI cÖvq
†Zi eQi ch©šÍ avivevwnK Zvdmxi gvnwdj Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb| cieZx©‡Z ÔZdmx‡i
b~iæj †KviAvbÕ iPbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b cweÎ KyiAv‡bi cÖvq evi cviv ch©šÍ Zvdmxi K‡i D³
`yÕwU avivevwnK Zvdmxi gvnwdj eÜ K‡i †`b| wZwb IqvR-gvnwd‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ c„w_exi
wewfbœ ivóª mdi K‡ib| †Kn aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, †`k-we‡`k mdi K‡i IqvR-
gvnwd‡j e³„Zv Kiv Zvui †ckv wQj| GUv wbZvšÍB GKwU fzj aviYv; eis wZwb †ckv
wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri eëmv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Zb| ¯^vaxbZvi c~‡e© Zvui wm‡g›U Gi eëmv wQj|
wZwb ZLb GKwU RyU wg‡jiI gvwjK wQ‡jb| †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci wZwb Gme eëmv
¸wU‡q cy¯ÍK cÖKvkbvi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvMx nb| Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, MvIwmqv
cvewj‡KkÝ I Avb b~i cvewj‡Kkbm bv‡g Zvui wZbwU cy¯ÍK cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q|
†h ¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvß A‡_© wZwb ¯^v”Q‡›`ï mv‡_ RxexKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb|26
gvnwd‡ji `vIqvZ †bqvi †ÿ‡Î Abym„Z wbqgvejx:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) mg‡qi mØënvi Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b

gvnwd‡ji `vIqvZ †bqvi †ÿ‡Î wKQy wbqg-Kvbyb AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ †g‡b
Pj‡Zb|27 wb‡gœ Zv Zz‡j aiv nj :
GK. gvnwd‡j Zuvi Av‡jvPbvi mgq-m~Px gvnwd‡ji `vIqvZ MÖnY Kivi mgqB
wba©viY Kiv nZ|
`yB. h_v mg‡q Zuv‡K Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z nZ|
wZb. Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l cvbvnvi BZ¨vwì Aby‡iva K‡i mgq bó Kiv wbwl× wQj|
26. gvIjvbv ‡gv: Avãyj nvwjg, wKQy ¯§„wZ wKQy K_v, Avb-b~i cvewj‡Kkbm, XvKv : 2013 L„. c„. 43
Pvi. Avmv-hvIqvi evn‡bi my-eë¯’v gvnwd‡j KZ…©cÿ‡KB Ki‡Z nZ|
cuvP. whwb Zuv‡K gvnwd‡j wb‡Z Avm‡eb Zuv‡K c~e© cwiwPZ n‡Z nZ| G‡Kev‡i
bZzb ¯’v‡bi †jvK n‡j gvnwd‡ji Av‡M GKevi mvÿvr K‡i †h‡Z nZ|
Qq. mdi m½x h_v mg‡q nvwRi _vK‡eb Ges mdi Kv‡j Zuvi mv‡_ †ekx Mí-
¸Re Kivi †_‡K weiZ _vK‡eb|
mvZ. gvnwd‡j Av‡jvPbvi mgq †Kvb iK‡gi w¯øcw`‡q Zuv‡K wei³ Kiv wbwl×
wQj |
we‡`k mdi
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Kv‡R c„w_exi wewfbœ
†`k mdi K‡i‡Qb| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki gymjgvbMY Zuvi ÿziavi hevb †_‡K Øx‡bi
wewfbœ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv ïbvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K Avgš¿Y K‡i wb‡q †h‡Zb| wZwb gvbyl‡K
`ywbqvi GB ÿY¯’vqx Rxeb cwiPvjbv Kivi e¨vcv‡i w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk
ciKvjxb wPi¯’vqx Rxe‡bi mvdj¨ AR©‡bi e¨vcv‡iI AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡Zb| Avi G Kv‡Ri
wbwgË Zuv‡K cÖvqB †`k †_‡K †`kvšÍ‡i Qy‡U †eov‡Z n‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ Zuvi G RvZxq
md‡ii GKwU mswÿß eY©bv Zz‡j aiv nj:
‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1982 L„. AvMó gv‡m †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbq‡bi gymjgvb‡ì GKgvÎ cÖwZôvb Ôgymwjg wiwjwRqvm© †evW©Õ Gi `vIqv‡Z
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb mdi K‡ib|28 wZwb 15 AvMó 1982 L„. XvKv †_‡K iIqvbv K‡i
‡ev‡¤^, KivPx I ZvmL›` n‡q ciw`b 16 AvMó g‡¯‹v †cŠ‡Qb Ges H w`b mÜ¨vq
wegvb‡hv‡M AvRvievBRv‡bi ivRavbx evKz‡Z †cŠu‡Qb| `yÕw`b evKz‡Z Ae¯’v‡bi ci
†mLvb †_‡K ïµev‡i KvRvwK¯Ív‡bi AvjgvwZ‡Z †cŠu‡Qb| AvjgvwZ‡Zi eo gmwR‡ì
RygyÔAvi bvgvR †k‡l wZwb gymwjø‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…Zv K‡ib|29 Gici wZwb †mLvb †_‡K
ûRv›`v hv‡K eZ©gv‡b †jwjbMÖv` ejv nq †mLv‡b †cŠu‡Qb| G GjvKvwU 99% gymwjg
Aay¨wlZ| DgvBqv Ljxdv Iqwj` web Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki hvgvbvq †KvZvqevn Be‡b
gymwjg ev‡njx GB GjvKvwU Rq K‡ib|
27. mvB‡q` †gvnv¤§` mvdIqvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 8

29. cÖv¸³ c„. 82
ZLb †_‡K 1917 L„. iæk wecø‡ei AvM ch©šÍ GLv‡b gymjgvb‡ì kvmb cÖwZwôZ wQj|
GLv‡b wZwb gymjgvbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aviex‡Z e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib|3 Zvici wZwb
DR‡ewK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx ZvmL‡›` hvb Ges ev` †Rvni gmwR‡` mg‡eZ gymjøxM‡Yi
D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…Zv K‡ib| Zvici †mLvb †_‡K gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 25
AvMó mKvj 10Uvq Bgvg eyLvix (i.) Gi Rb¥¯’vb †evLviv‡Z †cŠu‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K
wZwb mgiK‡›` wM‡q kn‡ii me‡P‡q eo gmwR‡` cÖvq `yÕnvRvi †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z ev`
RygyÔAv e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| cÖvq 5 †KvwU gymjgvb Aay¨wlZ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi GB
md‡i wZwb ivm~j (mv.) Gi PvPvZ fvB nhiZ †Kvmvg Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.), Bgvg eyLvix
(i.) I evnvDwÏb bK‡ke›`x (i.) mn Av‡iv A‡bK gbxwli gvhvi whqviZ Kivi my‡hvM
jvf K‡ib| AZci wZwb AvMó gv‡mi †klw`‡K mgiK›` ‡_‡K g‡¯‹v n‡q †`‡k
cÖZ©¨veZ©b K‡ib|4
hy³ivR¨ mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1998 L„. Ryb gv‡m gvnwd‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨
hy³ivR¨ mdi K‡ib|5 gynZvivg gvIjvbvi jÐb cÖevmx eÜz Rbve gvngy`yj nK mv‡n‡ei
wbKUvZ¥xq Rbve Avãyj Avnv` Lvb G md‡ii hveZxq eë¯’vcbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ
wQ‡jb| 13 Ryb 1998 L„. †mvgevi evsjv‡`k wegvb †hv‡M XvKv †_‡K jÐb iIqvbv nb
Ges ciw`b mKv‡j Rbve gvngy`yj nK mv‡ne I Rbve Avãyj Avnv` Lvb mv‡ne Zvu‡K
wegvb e›`‡i Af¨_©bv Rvbvb| Zuviv mKv‡j wegvbe›ì †_‡K K‡fw›Uªkn‡i Ave`yj Avnv`
Lvb mv‡n‡ei evox‡Z †cŠu‡Qb| ciw`b AvQ‡ii bvgv‡hi ci cÖ_g gvnwdj AbywôZ nj
K‡fw›Uªi GKwU gmwR‡`| Gici w`bI K‡fw›Uªi me‡P‡q eo gmwR‡` Av‡iKwU gvnwdj
AbywôZ n‡q‡Q|6 G gvnwd‡j wZwb †mvqv `yÕN›Uv e³…Zv †ck K‡ib| ciw`b ïµevi
evwg©snv‡gi †K›`ªxq gmwR‡` wZwb RygyÔAvi bvgv‡R BgvgwZ K‡ib Ges ciw`b H
gmwR‡ì IqvR gvnwd‡jI cÖvq AvovB N›Uv e³e¨ iv‡Lb|7 AZci ciw`b ewievi
mKvj `kUvq †mLvb †_‡K jÐ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| jÐ‡bi wn‡_ªv wegvb e›`‡ii
wbKeZ©x GKwU gmwR‡` ev` AvQi gvnwdj AbywôZ n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b wZwb evsjv fvlvi
e³…Zv K‡ib, †Kbbv †kªvZv‡ì mevB wQj evsjv‡`kx|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 83
4. gvIjvbv †gv: Avãyj nvwjg, cÖv¸³, c„. 11

6. cÖv¸³, c„. 92
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 93
Zvici weªK‡jb gmwR‡` H w`b ev` gvMixe Av‡iKwU gvnwd‡j Zvdmxi †ck
K‡ib| ciw`b g½jevi ga¨vý †fv‡Ri ci wn‡_ªv wegvb e›`‡i G‡m XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨
wegv‡b P‡ob Ges GKUvbv DÇvq‡bi ci eyaevi mKvj mv‡o AvUUvq XvKvq †cŠu‡Qb|8
BivK mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1978 L„. me© cÖ_g BivK mdi K‡ib|9
G md‡i Zuvi mdim½x wn‡m‡e hviv wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ ZuviB eÜz gvIjvbv Ave`yj
gvbœvb I gvIjvbv Ievq`yj nK mv‡ne we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| m¤ú~Y© e¨w³MZ G md‡i
wZwb ïµev‡i evM`v‡ì AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| wegvb e›ì †_‡K
†nv‡Uj †cŠu‡QB †ìx bv K‡i RygyÔAvi bvgv‡Ri c~‡e©B nhiZ Ave`yj Kv‡ì wRjvbx (i.)
Gi gvhvi whqviZ Ki‡Z nvwRi nb| †mLv‡b Avmi ch©šÍ mgq AwZevwnZ K‡ib|
ciw`b kwbevi Bgvg AvRg Avey nvwbdv (i.) Gi gvhvi whqviZ K‡ib| Gi ci wZwb
ch©vqµ‡g Bgvg gymv Kv‡Rg, Bgvg BDmyd, Bgvg MvRvjx, Rybv‡q` evM`v`x, mxiwi
mvKwZ (i.) Gi Kei whqviZ K‡ib| G md‡i wZwb evM`v‡ì DcK‡Ú Avjøvni bex
nhiZ wk¤¢xj (Av.) Gi gvhvi, bvRv‡d nhiZ Avjxi (i.) Gi gvhvi Ges Kvievjvq
Bgvg ûmvBb (iv.) Gi gvhvi whqviZ K‡ib|10 g~jZ Zuvi G mdiwU wQj Biv‡Ki
HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~‡ni cwi`k©b Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨| Gici 1990 L„. 16 Ryb wZwb
Av‡iKevi BivK mdi K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi G mdiwU wQj evM`v‡` AbywôZ GKwU
AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvgx m‡¤§j‡bi `vIqvZx ‡gngvb wn‡m‡e| Z‡e Zvui G md‡ii we¯ÍvwiZ
Z_¨-DcvË Rvbv hvqwb|
Av‡gwiKv mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1991 L„. Av‡gwiKv mdi K‡ib| Zuvi
cÖwZ‡ekx Rbve knx`yjøvn mv‡n‡ei gva¨‡g ÔwbDBqK© R¨vgvBKv BmjvwgK †m›UviÕi
wbgš¿‡Y 19 b‡f¤î Õ91 g½jevi ivZ AvUUvq Av‡gwiKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb XvKv
AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb|11 †mLv‡b Bkvi bvgvR c‡o weªwUk GqviI‡q‡Ri
GKwU Rv‡¤^v †R‡U Av‡ivnY K‡ib Ges cÖvq †Zi N›Uv AvKv‡k Ae¯’v‡bi ci jÐ‡bi
wn‡_ªv wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib|
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 94
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 102
†mLv‡b Qq N›Uv Ae¯’v‡bi ci weªwUk GqviI‡q‡Ri wbDBqK©Mvgx Av‡iKwU wegv‡b

Av‡ivnY K‡i AvU N›Uv ci wbDBqK© †K‡bWx wegvb e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb|12 22 b‡f¤î
ïµevi R¨vgvBKv gmwR‡` RygyÔAvi bvgv‡Ri Av‡M evsjv, D`y© I Bs‡iRx fvlvq e³e¨
cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gici 24 b‡f¤î R¨vgvBKv gmwR‡ì Av‡iv GKwU gvnwd‡j Avev‡iv
eqvb †ck K‡ib| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g wbDBqK© BmjvwgK †m›Uvi gmwR`, g°x gmwR`,
g`xbv gmwR`, eªÂ gmwR`, I‡qó‡eix BmjvwgK †m›Uvi I eªæK‡jÐmn Av‡iv
A‡bK¸‡jv gvnwd‡j e³e¨ iv‡Lb|13 Gici 6 wW‡m¤î wkK‡Mv kn‡ii GKwU nj iæ‡g
Av‡qvwRZ gvnwd‡j e³…Zv K‡ib| ciw`b 7 wW‡m¤î B‡jvbq kn‡ii GKwU gvnwd‡jI
e³e¨ iv‡Lb| 9-15 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ wZwb cÖwZw`b GKvwaK gvnwd‡j e³„Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
Av‡gwiKvi 26 w`‡bi GB md‡i wZwb 30wU gvnwd‡j bwmnZ †ck K‡i‡Qb| AZci 15
wW‡m¤î †iveevi ivZ 11 Uvq wc, AvB, Gi GKwU Rv‡¤^v †R‡U K‡i Rvg©vbxi d«v¼dzU,
wmwiqvi `v‡g¯‹ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivPx wegvb e›ì n‡q XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i
†cŠu‡Qb| 14
wgki mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) wgki miKv‡ii Avgš¿‡Y cweÎ wgjv`ybœex
(mv.) Dcj‡ÿ¨ Av‡qvwRZ gvnwd‡j Ask †bqvi Rb¨ 1992 L„. wgki mdi K‡ib|15 5
†m‡Þ¤î Õ92 kwbevi mKvj 9 Uv 30 wgwb‡U wgk‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb
e›ì Z¨vM K‡ib| BwRcwkqvb GqvijvB‡Ýi GKwU wegv‡b K‡i wZwb KivPx I `yevB
n‡q Kvq‡iv wegvb e›ì †cŠu‡Qb| cÖ_‡g wZwb bxjb‡ì Zx‡i Aew¯’Z cuvP ZviKv
†nv‡Uj †gwiwfqv‡b D‡Vb Ges GLv‡b 8 †m‡Þ¤î mKvj ch©šÍ wekªvg MÖnY K‡ib| 8
†m‡Þ¤î wewkó mvnvex nhiZ Avãyjøvn Be‡b Avgi Bebyj Avm (iv.) Gi gvhvi whqviZ
K‡ib|16 1413 wn.12 iweDj AvDqvj e„n¯úwZevi iv‡Z Avj Avhnvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
wgjbvqZ‡b wgjv`ybœex (mv.) gvnwdj AbywôZ nq| wgk‡ii ZrKvjxb †cÖwm‡W›U †nvmbx
†gveviK H gvnwd‡j wek¦ weL¨vZ †ZiRb wewkó Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` Avwjg‡K c`K I
mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g m¤§vbxZ K‡ib|
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 107
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 113-114
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 116

17
gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) wQ‡jb H †ZiR‡bi Ab¨Zg| GB md‡i wZwb nhiZ
Avjxi (iv.) Kb¨v Rqbve I nhiZ mvKxbv (iv.) Bgvg kv‡dC, ˆmq` Avng` †idvqx I
nhiZ Avng` ìweix (i.)mn A‡bK wek¦ weL¨vZ eyhy‡M©i gvhvi whqviZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e
bxjb‡ì †`‡k `xN© 8 w`b AwZevwnZ Kivi ci 16 †m‡Þ¤î mÜ¨vq Avie Avwgiv‡Zi
GKwU wegv‡b K‡i XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|18
B¯Ív¤^yj mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1997 L„. gvP© Gi cÖ_g mßv‡n Zzi‡¯‹i
B¯Ív¤^yj mdi K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi mdim½x Rbve Iqv‡R` Avjx mv‡ne‡K mv‡_ wb‡q
1997 L„. 2 gvP© iweevi ivZ `kUv `k wgwb‡U Gwg‡iUm GqviI‡qR Gi GKwU wegv‡b
19
K‡i XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›ì †_‡K B¯Ív¤^y‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| cuvP N›Uv
AvKv‡k _vKvi ci wegvb `yevB Gqvi‡cv‡U© AeZiY K‡i| ciw`b †mvgevi weKvj †ejv
`yevB †_‡K Pvi N›Uvi c_ cvwo w`‡q B¯Ív¤^y‡ji Avjdvmb wegvb e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb| wegvb
e›ì †_‡K mivmwi B¯Ív¤^y‡ji Ô‡nv‡Uj w`jkv‡bÕ P‡j hvb Ges †mLv‡b H w`bwU wekªvg
K‡i AwZevwnZ K‡ib| ciw`b g½jevi mKvj‡ejv ÔgmwR‡` †mvjvqgvwbqvÕ cwi`k©b
K‡i wewkó mvnvex nhiZ Avey AvBDe Avbmvix (iv.) Gi gvhvi whqviZ K‡ib|20
AZci eyaevi mKvj †ejv Zzi‡¯‹i weL¨vZ †ZvcKvwc wgDwRqvg cwi`k©‡b ‡ei nb|
wgDwRqvgwU GK mgq ZzKx© Imvgvbxq Lwjdv‡ì cÖvmv` wQj| GwUi cwiwa cÖvq GK
gvBj| GLv‡b wZwb ivm~j (mv.) Gi Pzj †gveviK, `v›`vb †gveviK I K`g †gvevi‡Ki
Qvc cwi`k©b K‡ib| Avi GUvB wQj Zvui G md‡ii g~j D‡Ïk¨|21 GQvovI GLv‡b
wZwb ivm~j (mv.) Gi Zievix, iIRv gyevi‡Ki gvwU, ivm~j (mv.) Gi wjwLZ wPwVi
Abywjwc, ivm~j (mv.) Gi eëüZ Svo–, Kvev kix‡di wMjv‡di Ask we‡kl, Kvev
kix‡di K‡qKwU Pvwe, nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) Gi Uzwc, nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi HwZnvwmK
jvwV, nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi cvMwo, Pvi Lwjdvi eëüZ Zievwi mg~n I nhiZ
Imgvb (iv.) Gi KyiAvb kixd cwi`k©b Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|22
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 123
19. mvB‡q` †gvnv¤§` mvdIqvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 12
20. ‡gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³ c„. 126
22. ‡gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„.128
Ae‡k‡l B¯Ív¤^yj md‡ii cwimgvwß NwU‡q 8 gvP© 1997 L„. mÜ¨v †ejvq wZwb B¯Ív¤^yj
†_‡K XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv †`b| 23
`wÿY Avwd«Kv mdi:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) AvwdªKvi †RvnvÝevM© kn‡ii Avwaevmx

gydZx †gvnv¤§` †nvmvBb evBqvZ Gi wbgš¿‡Y 1998 L„. `wÿY Avwd«Kv mdi K‡ib|24
H md‡i Zuvi mdim½x wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb Avj-gviKvRyj Bmjvgxi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ
mv‡eK Gg.wc gvIjvbv knx`yj Bmjvg| Zuviv 16 gvP© 1998 L„. †ivR †mvgevi mKvj
AvUUvq `wÿY Avwd«Kvi D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKvq Gwg‡iUm GqviI‡q‡Ri GKwU wegv‡b Av‡ivnY
K‡ib| cÖvq cuvP N›Uv ci Zuviv `yevB AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| ciw`b
ivZ GMviUv ch©šÍ `yevB‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib| G mgq wZwb `yevB wegvb e›`‡ii cv‡k¦©i
GKwU †nv‡Uj I‡Vb Ges `yevB‡Z emevmiZ evsjv‡`kx‡ì eë¯’vcbvq ILv‡bi GKwU
gmwR‡` Gkvi bvgv‡Ri ci GK N›Uv Aviex‡Z eqvb †ck K‡ib|25 AZci ivZ
GMviUvq `yevB †_‡K mvD_ Avwd«Kvb GqvjvBÝ Gi GKwU wegvb Av‡ivnY K‡ib| 17
gvP© †RvnvÝevM© AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZi‡Yi ci `wÿY Avwd«Kv cÖevmx gvIjvbv
†gvnv¤§` †nvmvBb mv‡ne Zuv‡ì‡K Zuvi evmvq wb‡q hvb| Avm‡ii bvgv‡hi ci `wÿY
Avwd«Kvi gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨26 cÖwZwôZ †iwWI †ókb Ô‡iwWI †b`vDj BmjvgÕ
KZ…©c‡ÿi Avgš¿‡Y Zuv‡ì †iwWI‡Z wZwb Bmjvg‡i g~j wkÿvi Dci Bs‡iRx‡Z wek
wgwbU e³e¨ iv‡Lb| cieZ©x `k w`‡b wZwb `wÿY Avwd«Kvi eviwU gmwR‡` Øx‡bi wewfbœ
wel‡q Av‡jvPbv †ck K‡ib|27 G md‡ii †klv‡a© wZwb wegvb †hv‡M Wvievb cÖ‡`‡k
Mgb K‡ib28 Ges 25 ZvwiL iv‡Z Wvievb †_‡K †RvnvÝev‡M© †cŠu‡Qb| 26 ZvwiL
mKvj 9 Uv 40 wgwb‡U mvD_ Avwd«Kvb Gqvi jvB‡Ýi GKwU wegv‡b K‡i XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨
iIqvbv K‡ib| AZci `yevB n‡q ciw`b mKvj `kUvq XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i
AeZiY K‡ib|29
23. cÖv¸³,
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 131
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 133
26. `wÿY Avwd«Kvq gymjgv‡bi msL¨v cÖvq Pvi jÿ (1998 L„.)| †m †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi 1% gymjgvb|
Z‡e gymjgvbM‡Yi mvgvwRK Ae¯’v AZ¨šÍ fvj| A_©‰bwZK fv‡e Zviv DbœZ, Cgv‡bi `„pZvI
PgrKvi| ILvbKvi gmwR`¸‡jv A‡bK my›ì| cÖvq mKj gmwR‡ì Bgvg wb‡RB Mvox Pvwj‡q
gmwR‡` Av‡mb Ges bvgv‡R BgvgwZ K‡ib| (†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 136-137)
27. cÖv¸³, c„.136
28. Wvievb cÖ‡`kwU fviZ gnvmvM‡ii Zx‡i Aew¯’Z| GB ¯’vbwU AZ¨šÍ g‡bvig| c„w_exi `wÿY cÖvšÍ
GLv‡bB ‡kl| Gici Avi gvbe emwZ †bB|
(†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 137)
29. cÖv¸³, c„.137
n¾ I Igivi whqviZ
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) AmsLëvi Avjøvni Ni whqviZ Kivi
†mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb †gvU KZevi Avjøvni Ni whqviZ K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvbv
hvqwb| ‡Kbbv Zvu‡K Zvui eo RvgvZv gvIjvbv †gv: Avãyj nvwjg G wel‡q cÖkœ Ki‡j
wZwb ïaygvÎ gyPwK nvwm w`‡q welqwU Gwo‡q hvb| n‡Z cv‡i GLjv‡mi Kvi‡YB wZwb G
welqwU cÖKvk K‡ib wb|1 Zuvi Rxe‡b me©cÖ_g G †mŠfvM¨wU bmxe nq 1964 L„.|2 ZLb
n‡¾i md‡i e¨q nZ gvÎ Pvi nvRvi UvKv| PviRb m½x mv‡_ wb‡q wZwb XvKv †_‡K
wc,AvB, Gi GKwU wegvb‡hv‡M cÖ_‡g KivPx †cŠu‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K GKw`b ci †RÏv
n‡q cweÎ g°v †gvqv¾gvq †cŠu‡Qb Ges Rxe‡bi cÖ_g Igivi KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| g°vq
†cŠuQvi ci wZwb Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †m eQi Zuv‡K cvwK¯Ívb n¾ †Wwj‡Mk‡b AšÍ©fy³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G myev‡a wZwb n¾ Kvjxb mg‡q wgbvq Ae¯’vbKv‡j ZrKvjxb †mŠw` ev`kvn
dqmv‡ji mv‡_ mvÿv‡Zi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|3 h_vmg‡q n‡¾i KvR m¤úbœ K‡i wZwb
g`xbv gybvIqviv Mgb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b 8 w`b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| AZci †mLvb †_‡K
†`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|4
wØZxq evi whqviZ:
Rxe‡bi cÖ_g n‡¾i Kvh©µg mgvß K‡i hwÌ wZwb †`‡k wd‡i G‡m‡Qb wKš‘
g°v I g`xbvi ¯§„wZ wZwb GK gyû‡Z©i RbÏ fyj‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv, ZvB c‡ii eQi
1965 L„. Avev‡iv n‡¾ hvIqvi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ XvKvq Zuvi n‡¾ hvIqvi
AbygwZ wgjjbv| †Kbbv ZLb AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi fv‡e ê‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿Y Kiv nZ| ZvB
wZwb †÷U e¨vs‡Ki ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿YKvix Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_ †`Lv Kivi Rb¨ KivPx
P‡j †M‡jb Ges Zuvi AbygwZ wb‡q5 `yÕw`b ci †mLvb †_‡K g°vq †cŠu‡Qb|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 145
4. †`‡k wd‡i Avmvi ZvwiL wZwb g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡ib wb| (cÖv¸³, c„. 146)
5. n‡¾ hvIqvi AbygwZ †bqv cÖm‡½ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) e‡jb: ÒmKv‡j †÷U
e¨vs‡Ki ê‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿Y Kvix Kg©KZ©v‡K †Uwj‡dvb K‡i ejjvg, Avwg XvKv †_‡K G‡mwQ,
c~‡e©i b¨vq GeviI wZwb cvwK¯Ívb n¾ †Wwj‡Mk‡bi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wgbv‡Z ev`kvni
m‡½ †`Lv Kivi my‡hvM cvb| n¾ †kl K‡i g`xbv gybvIqviv Mgb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b
AvU w`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci 29 †deªæqvix 1965 L„. XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb|6
Z…Zxq evi whqviZ:
1967 L„. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi Rxe‡b Z…Zxq evi Avjøvni
Ni whqviZ Kivi my‡hvM Av‡m| Avi †mUv n‡qwQj m¤ú~Y© AhvwPZ fv‡e|7 Zuvi
Ava¨vwZ¥K I¯ÍvR mvB‡q¨` Ave`yj Kixg gv`vbx (i.) 1967 L„. B‡šÍKvj K‡ib| ivZ
GKUvi w`‡K Zuvi eÜz Rbve bI‡ki Avjx Lv‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb Zvui g„Zzï msev` ïb‡Z
cvb Ges cvm©‡cvU© m‡½ wb‡q wc,AvB,Gi GKwU wegvb †hv‡M XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖvg P‡j
hvb| PÆMÖvg Av›ìwKjøv kvnx Rv‡g gmwR‡` nvwRi n‡q †`L‡Z cvb 13 Rb wewkó e¨w³
cvm‡cvU© mv‡_ wb‡q ûRy‡ii gi‡`n Zuvi IwmqZ gyZvweK RvbœvZzj evKx‡Z `vdb Kivi
Rb¨ †mŠw` Avie wb‡q †h‡Z cÖ¯‘Z n‡q Av‡Qb| wKš‘ †mŠw` `yZvevm †_‡K AbygwZ
wgj‡Q bv| ZLb gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) PÆMÖvg †_‡K KivPx‡Z
Ave¯’vbiZ †mŠw` ivó`~Z †gvZjvK mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ K_v e‡j AbygwZi eë¯’v K‡ib|
AZci wZwb ûRy‡ii gi‡`n wb‡q Pxb †_‡K †div wc,AvB,Gi GKwU wegv‡b K‡i KivPx
n‡q †RÏv †cuŠ‡Qb| †RÏv wegvb e›`‡i ûRy‡ii gi‡`n MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ †mŠw` miKv‡ii
ciivóª, ¯îvóª Ges ¯^v¯’¨ `dZ‡ii Kg©KZ©vMY Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Qb|8 wegvb e›ì †_‡K
mevB wg‡j g`xbv gybvIqvivi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv †`b Ges e„n¯úwZevi Gkvi bvgv‡Ri
mgq g`xbvq †cŠu‡Qb| ciw`b ïµevi ev` RygyÔAv gmwR‡` beex‡Z Zuvi Rvbvhvi bvgvR
Av`vq K‡i ûRyi (mv.) Gi AvIjv`M‡Yi9 Rb¨ wba©vwZi ¯’v‡b Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|
cuvP wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ Avcbvi m‡½ gyjvKvZ cÖv_©x| weKvj mv‡o wZbUvq mgq wb©avwiZ nj| Avwg Zuvi
K‡ÿ nvwhi n‡q ejjvg Avwg Avjøvn cv‡Ki ìevi Kvev kix‡d nvwhi nIqvi wbq‡Z my`~i XvKv †_‡K
GLv‡b G‡mwQ| hw` Avcwb AbygwZ ‡`b Z‡e †h‡Z cvie Ges Avcbvi Rb¨ †`vqv Kie| Avi hw`
AbygwZ bv †`b Z‡e Avwg G gyû‡Z© Avjøvn cv‡Ki ìev‡i G AviRx †ck Ki‡ev, †n Avjøvn! Avwg
†Zvgvi Kv‡Q Avm‡Z PvB, wKš‘ G e¨w³ Avgv‡K evav w`‡”Q| GK_vwU kªeY K‡i f`ª‡jvK Zuvi †Pqvi
†_‡K D‡V †M‡jb Ges Zuvi iæ‡g K‡qKevi P°i w`‡q cvqPvix Ki‡jb| Gici †÷U e¨vs‡Ki
Mfb©i‡K †Uwj‡dvb Ki‡jb, wZwb AbygwZ w`‡j `yÕw`b ci g°v kxid †cŠQvjvgÓ| (†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj
nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 146-147)
6. cÖv¸³, c„.148
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 149
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 152
9. mvB‡q¨` Ave`yj Kixg gv`vbx (i.) wQ‡jb ivm~j (mv.) Gi esk avivq 48 Zg e¨w³|
Gici cuvP w`b g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| g`xbvq wZwb gv`vbx ûRyi (i.) Gi
wbKUvZœxqM‡Yi †gngvb wn‡m‡eB Ae¯’vb K‡iwQ‡jb| GKw`b Mfxi iv‡Z gv`vbx ûRy‡ii
cwiev‡ii GKRb gyieŸx Zvu‡K m‡½ wb‡q ivm~j (mv.) Gi iIRv †gvevi‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i
cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges `yÕRb wg‡j Lye KvQ †_‡K ivm~j (mv.) †K mvjvg cÖ`vb K‡ib| iIRv
‡gvevi‡Ki †fZiUvq nvZ jvwM‡q N‡l-†g‡R hv ayjvevwj cvIqv †Mj H gyieŸx Zvu‡K Zv
nvw`qv K‡i w`‡jb| gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi AwmqZ gyZvweK G
ayjvevwj¸‡jv Zuvi B‡šÍKv‡ji ci `vd‡bi mgq Zvui Ke‡i ‡`qv nq|10 AZci wZwb
Igiv Kivi Rb¨ g°v gyqv¾vgvq nvwRi nb Ges Igivi KvR mgvß K‡i ‡`‡k wd‡i
Av‡mb|
PZz_© evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1975 L„. Av‡iKevi cweÎ n¾eªZ
cvjb Kivi †mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib|11 hwÌ wZwb 1974 m‡bI Av‡iKevi n¾ cvjb Kivi
†Póv K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ jUvix‡Z bvg bv DVvq H eQi n‡¾ †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| cieZ©x eQi
30 b‡f¤î iweevi weKvj wZbUvq n‡¾i D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKv †_‡K iIqvbv K‡i KjKvZv
wegvb e›ì n‡q BwÐqvb GqvijvBÝ Gi GKwU wegv‡b K‡i weKvj †ejv w`jøx †cŠu‡Qb
Ges H ivZ w`jøx kvnx Rv‡g gmwR‡ì cv‡k GKwU †nv‡U‡j Ae¯’vb K‡ib| †fvi
cuvPUvq †nv‡U‡ji †Uwj‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Zuvi MšÍ‡eï Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wegvb
c¨vb-A¨vwgwiKvb GqvijvBÝ KZ…©cÿ †RÏvi d¬vBUwU evwZj K‡i‡Q|12 cieZ©x‡Z
A‡bvb¨cvq n‡q wZwb BwÐqvb Gqvi jvBÝ Gi GKwU wegv‡b K‡i w`jøx †_‡K †ev‡¤^
†cŠu‡Qb| †mLv‡b †cŠu‡Q †mŠ`x GqvjjvBÝ Gi GKwU wegv‡b P‡ob| evnivBb n‡q
†RÏvq, AZci Avivdvi w`‡b g°vq †cuŠQvi ZvIdxK jvf K‡ib| n¾ I Igivi
hveZxq KvR mgvß K‡i GK mßvn ci g`xbv gybvIqviv Mgb K‡ib13 Ges g`xbv‡Z
K‡qKw`b Ae¯’vb K‡i XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb|
10. gvIjvbv †gv: Avãyj nvwjg, cÖv¸³, c„. 27,28
12. GB d¬vBUwU ‰eiæZ n‡q †RÏv hvIqvi K_v wQj| Avi ZLb êiæ‡Z ivqU PjwQj| ZvB GB Awbevh©
Kvi‡Y c¨vb A¨v‡gwiKvb †Kv¤úvbx d¬vBU evwZj K‡i|
13. cÖv¸³, c„.171
cÂg evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1982 L„. cÂg evi cweÎ Kvev
whqvi‡Zi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| 21 †m‡Þ¤î 1982 L„. g½jevi XvKv †_‡K Igivi
Gnivg †eu‡a weKvj †ejv wegv‡b Av‡ivnY K‡i ivZ 9 Uvq †RÏv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb
e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib|14 wKš‘ `yN©UbvRwbZ 15 Kvi‡Y H ivZ I c‡ii w`b `ycyi ch©šÍ
†RÏvq Ae¯’vb K‡i gvMwi‡ei mgq g°vq †cŠu‡Qb| Igiv I n‡¾i KvR m¤úbœ K‡i 1
A‡±vei Õ82 L„. Bkvi bvgvR c‡o wZwb g`xbv gybvIqvivi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv nb Ges
dR‡ii c~‡e©B g`xbvq †cŠu‡Qb|16 7 w`b g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡i 7 A‡±vei e„n¯úwZevi
mKv‡j g`xbv †_‡K XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv K‡i ‡RÏv n‡q 8 A‡±vei ‡fvi †ejv XvKv
AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| 17
lô evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1983 L„. Avev‡iv Avjøvni Ni whqvi‡Zi
Rb¨ msKíe× nb Ges G eQ‡ii †m‡Þ¤^‡ii cÖ_g mßv‡n evsjv‡`k GqvijvBÝ Gi
18
GKwU wegv‡b K‡i XvKv †_‡K †RÏv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb| G md‡i Zuvi
mdi m½x wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb Rbve Avbmvi DÏxb I Rbve gwZDi ingvb mv‡ne| h_vixwZ
Igivn I n‡¾i KvR m¤úbœ K‡i 14 wRjnv¾ mKv‡j wZwb g`xbv gybvIqviv iIqvbv
K‡ib| †mLv‡b K‡qKw`b Ae¯’vb K‡i 26 †m‡Þ¤î evsjv‡`k wegvb †hv‡M iIqvbv n‡q
27 †mÞ¤î Lye cÖZz¨‡l XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| 19
mßg evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1984 L„. mßg evi Avjøvni Ni whqviZ
Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| G md‡i Zuvi mdi m½x wQ‡jb ZvuiB GKRb eÜz Rbve gxi
†gvnv¤§` Bqvmxb mv‡ne| Zuviv 28 AvMó Õ84 L„. ivZ 11 Uvq XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb
14. cÖv¸³, c„.175
15. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †RÏv †cŠu‡Q †`‡Lb Zuvi I Zuvi mdi m½x Rbve Avng` Avjx
Ges W. gykwdKzi ingvb mv‡n‡ei gvgjvgvj Zuv‡ì Uvwg©bv‡j †cŠu‡Qwb| ZvB ivZ 2Uv ch©šÍ A‡cÿv
Kivi ci Zuviv †mŠ`x Avie¯’ evsjv‡`k `~Zvev‡mi cÖ_g mwPe Rbve †mvnive DwÏb mv‡n‡ei Avgš¿Y
MÖnY K‡i Zuvi evmvq †gngvb nb| c‡ii w`b Rvbv †Mj XvKv wegvb e›ì †_‡K Zuv‡ì gvjc‡Î
fzjµ‡g n¾ †UM eënvi bv K‡i mvaviY †UM eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj| ZvB Zv‡ì gvjvgvj n¾
Uvwg©bv‡j hvqwb| Z‡e ciw`b gvMwi‡ei bvgv‡Ri ci evsjv‡`k n¾ wgk‡bi mvg‡b Zuviv Zuv‡ì
gvjvgvj¸‡jv Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb| (†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 176-177)
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 182
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 189
e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb Ges ivZ 1Uvq wegv‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib|20 AZci †RÏv n‡q mKvj 10
Uvi w`‡K g°v kix‡d †cŠu‡Qb| h_vixwZ Igiv I n‡¾i KvR mgvß K‡i 13 wRjnv¾
ev` gvMwie g`xbv gybvIqvivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| mvivivZ Mvox‡Z KvwU‡q Zvnv¾y‡ì
mgq g`xbvq †cŠu‡Qb| Pvi w`b g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡i Avev‡iv g°vq cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|21
AZci 13 †m‡Þ¤î 1984 L„. dR‡ii bvgvR Av`vq K‡i we`vqx ZvIqvd K‡i `ycyi 12
Uvq †RÏvq †cŠu‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k GqvijvBÝ Gi 707 wegvb †hv‡M 14
†m‡Þ¤î mKvj †ejvq XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡i AeZiY Ki‡b| 22
Aóg evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1986 L„. Aóg evi Avjøvni Ni whqviZ
Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| Gevi Zuvi n‡¾i mv_x wQ‡jb Zvui gmwR‡ì `yÕRb gymwjø
Rbve Bqvmxb mv‡ne I †gvnv¤§` gwbi DwÏb mv‡ne| Zuviv 8 AvMó Õ86 L„. ivZ 11 Uvq
XvKv †_‡K iIqvbv K‡i 9 AvMó mKvj †ejv †RÏv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb|23
wegvb e›`‡ii AvbyôvwbKZv mgvwßi ci Zuviv g°vq †cŠu‡Q Igivi KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib|
n‡¾i w`b ¸‡jv‡Z h_vixwZ n‡¾i hveZxq Kvh©µg m¤úv`b K‡i 13 wRjnv¾ dRi
bvgv‡Ri ci we`vqx ZvIqvd mym¤úbœ K‡ib| AZci Hw`b weKvj †ejv g`xbv
gybvIqvivi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv K‡ib Ges ivZ cÖvq AvovBUvi w`‡K g`xbv kixd †cŠuQ‡Z
mÿg nb|24 K‡qKw`b g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡i 20 AvMó iv‡Z †RÏv n‡Z XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨
iIqvbv K‡i mKvj 9 Uvq XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib|25
beg evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1987 L„. Av‡iv GKevi Avjøvni Ni
whqviZ Kivi ‡mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib| G md‡i Zuvi m½x wQ‡jb Zvui gmwR‡ì gymwjø
Rbve †gvnv¤§` Bqvmxb| Zuviv 6 RyjvB 1987 L„. e„n¯úwZevi AvQ‡ii bvgvR c‡o
wegv‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib Ges Uvbv 6 N›Uv 25 wgwbU DÇq‡bi ci †RÏv wegvb e›`‡i
AeZiY K‡ib|26
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 198
22. cÖv¸³
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 200
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 210
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 211
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 215
AZci g°vq †cŠu‡Q Zuviv h_vixwZ Igiv I n‡¾i Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i 13 wRjnv¾
iweevi ev` gvMixe g`xbv gybvIqvivi w`‡K hvÎv K‡ib| †mvg, g½j I eya G wZb w`b
g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡i eyaevi ev` gvMixe †RÏvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv nb| †mLvb †_‡K
mKvj mv‡o QqUvq evsjv‡`k wegv‡b P‡o evsjv‡`k mgq weKvj mv‡o PviUvq XvKv
AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib|27
`kg evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †mŠ`x miKvi KZ…©K Avgwš¿Z n‡q 1990
L„. m¯¿xK Avjøvni Ni whqviZ Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|28 Zuviv 25 Ryb, 1990 L„.
†mvgevi mKvj 10 Uvq XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ evmv †_‡K †ei nb|
wegvb e›`‡ii AvbyôvwbKZv †kl K‡i †mŠ`x GqvjvBÝ Gi GKwU wegv‡b K‡i †mŠ`x
Avi‡ei Avm‡ii mgq †RÏv wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib|29 Zvici H w`b weKvj
†ejvq g°v kixd †cŠu‡Q Igivi KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| †mŠ`x miKv‡ii ivóªxq †gngvb
nIqvi myev‡a G md‡i Zuviv `yÕRbB g°vq †n‡i‡gi cv‡k ev`kvni evox‡Z _vKvi
my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|30
n‡¾i w`b mg~‡n n‡¾i hveZxq Kvh©vejx m¤úbœ K‡i Zuviv 12 wRjnv¾ weKv‡j
†RÏv n‡q wegvb‡hv‡M g`xbv gybvIqvivq †cŠu‡Qb| g`xbvq K‡qKw`b Ae¯’vb K‡i 8B
RyjvB ivZ 11 Uvq XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †mŠ`x GqvijvBÝ Gi wegv‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib Ges 9
RyjvB evsjv‡`k mgq mKvj 10 Uv 35 wgwb‡U XvKv AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY
K‡ib|31
GMviZg evi whqviZ:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1993 L„. Av‡iv GKevi cweÎ Kvev
kixd whqviZ Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| Avi GUv wQj evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ag© welqK
27. cÖv¸³, c„. 218,219
28. cweÎ C`yj wdZi Dcj‡ÿ †mŠ`x `~Zvevm KZ…©K Av‡qvwRZ C` c~Ywg©jbx Abyôv‡b †mŠ`x ivóª`~Z
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg‡K m¯¿xK n‡¾ hvIqvi Rb¨ †mŠ`x miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K Avgš¿Y
Rvbvb| wU‡KU I wfmvi hveZxq eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ †mŠ`x `~Z©evm KZ…©cÿB cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
29. cÖv¸³, c„. 223
30. cÖv¸³, c„. 224
31. cÖv¸³, c„. 228, 229

gš¿Yvj‡qi cÿ †_‡K ivóªxq mdi|32 G md‡i Zuvi mv‡_ G ‡`‡ki Av‡iv PviRb wewkó
e¨w³I kvwgj wQ‡jb| Zuviv mK‡j 19 b‡f¤î 1993 L„. ïµevi wèvMZ iv‡Z XvKvq
†RÏvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wegv‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib| kwbevi w`b g°vq †cŠu‡Q Igivi KvR m¤úbœ
K‡ib| iweevi †fv‡i g`xbv gybvIqvivi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv K‡ib| H w`bwU g`xbvq
AwZevwnZ K‡i iv‡ZB Avevi g°vq cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|33 AZci †mvgevi mKvj †_‡K
ivóªxq `vwqZ¡ cvjb AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| GQvovI wZwb Av‡iv AmsLëvi Avjøvni Ni
whqviZ Kivi †mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib| Z‡e Zvui me©‡kl evqZzjøvni whqviZ wQj 2007 L„.
igRvb gv‡m| G md‡i wZwb Zvui ¯¿x, †Q‡j-†g‡q, bvwZ-bvZbx I RvgvZv‡ì‡K mv‡_
wb‡q Avjøvn I Zvi wcÖq bexi (mv.) Gi ìev‡i †kl ev‡ii gZ nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb|34
BgvgI LZxe wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) RygyÔAvi bvgv‡Ri Bgvg I LZxe wn‡m‡e
Zuvi Rxe‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU Ask e¨q K‡ib| wZwb 1963 L„. ïiæ‡Z XvKvi PzwonvÆv
Rv‡g gmwR‡ì LZx‡ei `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1970 L„. ch©šÍ G `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib|35 wZwb RygyÔAvi c~‡e© evsjv I D`y© fvlvq Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi
e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Zb| c~ivZb XvKvi eû †jvK Zuvi G eqvb ïbvi Rb¨ †m gmwR‡`
mg‡eZ n‡Zb| 1974 L„. jvjevM kvnx gmwR` KwgwUi Aby‡iv‡a wZwb XvKvi jvjevM
kvnx gmwR‡ì Bgvg I LZxe wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib36 Ges BwšÍKv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ G
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
32. 1994 L„. mvwe©K n¾ eë¯’vcbv‡K myô I my›ì Kivi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ag© welqK
gš¿Yvj‡qi D‡`¨v‡M 4/11/93 L„. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k Gi m‡¤§jb K‡ÿ †`‡ki wewkó
AvwjgMY‡K wb‡q GKwU Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| D³ mfvi wm×všÍ †gvZv‡eK evsjv‡`kx nvRx‡ì
myô I my›ì n¾ eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) mn 5 m`‡mï GKwU
cÖwZwbwa `j evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K n‡¾i c~‡e© †mŠ`x Avie Mgb K‡ib|
(†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 230-231)
33. cÖv¸³, c„. 232
35. cÖv¸³, c„, 236

36. jvjevM kvnx gmwR` KwgwUi Aby‡iv‡a gynZvivg gvIjvbv G gmwR‡ì Bgvg I LZx‡ei `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡ib| Zuv‡K G gmwR‡` Avbvi Rb¨ hviv me‡P‡q †ekx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ jvjev‡Mi
giûg mjxg~jøvn Lvb, giûg nvRx AvKei mv‡ne, giûg nvRx Avng` mv‡ne Ges G gmwR‡ì
ZrKvjxb †m‡µUvix Rbve †LvKv wgqv D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
jvjevM gmwR‡` wZwb RygyÔAvi bvgv‡Ri †Lvrevi c~‡e© mvaviY gymwjø‡ì Rb¨ eqvb
Ki‡Zb Ges RygyÔAvi bvgv‡Ri c‡i cybivq Lvm gRwj‡m Avev‡iv cÖvq †mvqv GK N›Uv
eqvb †ck Ki‡Zb| `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K Øxwb Bj‡gi A‡š¦lYKvixMY AZ¨šÍ Drmvn DÏxcbv
wb‡q Dfq gRwj‡m Ask MÖnY Ki‡Zb| jvjevM kvnx gmwR‡` RygyÔAv e¨ZxZ `yÕC‡ì
bvgv‡Ri BgvgwZI wZwbB Ki‡Zb| Zuvi AK¬všÍ mvabvq G gmwR`wUI GKwU Abb¨ wkÿv
cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡qwQj|37 Zvui Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg GKwU †mŠfv‡Mï NUbv nj, wZwb
gmwR‡` beex‡Z GKw`b gvMwi‡ei bvgv‡R BgvgwZ K‡iwQ‡jb| ¸jkvb †K›`ªxq
gmwR‡ì †ck Bgvg gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK mv‡ne †mw`b gmwR‡` beex‡Z Zvui wcQ‡b
gvMwi‡ei bvgvR Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi G NUbvwU gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK mv‡ne ûRy‡ii
B‡šÍKv‡ji ci Zvui ¯§iY mfvq eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|38
†iwWI †Uwjwfk‡b e³…Zv cÖ`vb :
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Õ50 Gi `kK †_‡K XvKv †iwWI †m›Uv‡i
I Õ62 L„. AvBDe Lvb KZ…©K XvKv †Uwjwfkb †K‡›`ªi D‡Øva‡bi ci †_‡K wU.wfi XvKv
†K‡›`ª cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zvdmxi †ck K‡i‡Qb| 60 L„. †k‡li w`‡K ZrKvjxb XvKv
†iwWI †m›Uvi KZ…©cÿ Zuv‡K Avjøvgv BKevj `k©‡bi Dci avivevwnK Kw_Kv †ck Kivi
Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| †iwWIÕi G AbyôvbwU cÖwZ eyaevi ivZ `kUvq cÖPvwiZ n‡Zv|
my`xN© `yÕeQi wbqwgZ fv‡e wZwb G AbyôvbwU cwiPvjbv K‡ib| GQvovI †iwWIÕi
ˆ`bw›`b agx©q Abyôv‡bI wZwb wbqwgZ AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb| 1954 L„. †_‡K wZwb XvKv
†eZvi †K‡›`ª Ô‡KviAv‡b nvKxg I Avgv‡ì wR‡›`MxÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cweÎ KyiAv‡bi
Zvdmxi †ck K‡i‡Qb,39 hv eZ©gv‡b Ôc_ I cv‡_qÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q|
Ggwbfv‡e igRvb gv‡m †mnix Abyôvb I iweDj AvDqvj gv‡mi wgjv` gvnwdj
cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡I wZwb cvjb Ki‡Zb| XvKv †iwWI †m›Uv‡i hviv Pwjøk eQi GKvav‡i
†cÖvMÖvg K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì m¤ú‡K© Õ98 L„. we‡kl Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb cÖPvwiZ nq| D³
Abyôv‡b gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †K wb‡q my`xN© 45 wgwbU Av‡jvPbv
Kiv nq|40
37. cÖv¸³, c„. 37
38. gvIjvbv †gv: Avãyj nvwjg, cÖv¸³, c„, 29
39. cÖv¸³, c„. 31
40. cÖv¸³, c„. 26
1998 L„. `wÿY Avwd«Kv md‡ii mgq `xN© 43 eQi a‡i †iwWI †_‡K gvIjvbvi
†cÖvMÖvg cÖPvwiZ nIqvi welqwU Rvb‡Z †c‡i †mLvbKvi gymjgvbMY Zuv‡K `wÿY
Avwd«Kvi Ô‡b`vDj BmjvgÕ †iwWI P¨v‡b‡j e³e¨ ivLvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡j wZwb 20
wgwbU Bs‡iwR fvlvq Bmjv‡gi g~j wkÿvi Dci H P¨v‡b‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|41
MÖš’vejx iPbv:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Øxwb MÖš’vejx iPbvi †ÿ‡ÎI hyMvšÍKvix
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| GKRb cÖwZkÖæwZkxj †jLK wn‡m‡e Zuvi Abb¨ fveg~wZ© M‡o
D‡V‡Q| ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕmn Zuvi ‡gŠwjK iPbv I e½vbyev` MÖ‡š’i msL¨v cÖvq
Aa©kZ|42 wb‡gœ Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’mg~‡ni K‡qKwUi Dci mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv
nj:
(i) Zvix‡L Bmjvg

gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1955 L„. me© cÖ_g Zvix‡L
Bmjvg ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi Dci M‡elYv ïiæ K‡ib Ges H eQiB
D`y© fvlvq `yÕL‡Ð ÔZvix‡L BmjvgÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
cÖ_g L‡Ð gnvbex (mv.) Gi cweÎ Rxeb, Zuvi gnvb Av`k©, gv°x I gv`vbx
Rxe‡bi BwZe„Ë Ges †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`vi †LjvdZ Kv‡ji Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| wØZxq L‡Ð eby DgvBqv I AveŸvwmq‡ì kvmbvg‡ji BwZnvm
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
(ii) Avj wgbnvRym Qvex dx nvwjøj evqhvex

1956 L„. wZwb weL¨vZ Aviex Zvdmxi evqhvex kix‡di cÖ_g AvovB cviv
e¨vL¨v K‡i D`y© fvlvq GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| MÖš’wU H eQiB XvKv †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq|
(iii) nvRx‡ì mv_x

wZwb 1957 L„. Zuvi wcZvi n‡¾ Mgb Dcj‡ÿ ÔnvRx‡ì mv_xÕ bvgK
GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb n‡¾i wewfbœ gvmqvjv AZ¨šÍ
PgrKvi fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wUi G ch©šÍ wZbwU ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q|
42. cÖv¸³, c„. 48
(iv) Rxeb I †KviAvb

1961 L„. wZwb evsjv fvlvq ÔRxeb I †KviAvbÕ bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zz‡j a‡ib| G MÖš’wU XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|
(v) wek¦ mf¨Zvq cweÎ †KviAv‡bi Ae`vb

‡jL‡Ki G MÖš’wU me© gn‡j e¨vcK Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i| 1969 L„.
cÖKvwkZ G MÖš’wU ci ci wZbwU RvZxq cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Q| evsjv fvlvq
Ggb MÖš’ LyeB `yj©f| G ch©šÍ G MÖš’wUi QqwU ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
(vi) wek¦ mf¨Zvq gnvbex (mv.) Gi Ae`vb

gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) iwPZ G MÖš’ Lvwb 17 †m‡Þ¤î
1976 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| 214 c„ôvi G MÖš’wU cvVK gn‡j h‡_ó
mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi fve I fvlv AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi|
(vii) hyM mgm¨vi mgvav‡b cweÎ †KviAvb

G MÖš’wU 30 Ryb 1978 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| 212 c„ôvq wjwLZ G
MÖš’Lvwb gvby‡li Kv‡Q AvaywbK hyM wRÁvmvi wewfbœ RwUj I KwVb mgm¨vi
KyiAvb wfwËK ev¯Íe mgvavb Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| evsjv fvlvq Ggb MÖš’
LyeB weij|
(viii) Gbv‡qZzj †KviAvb

wek¦ gvbeZvi mvwe©K Kj¨vY mva‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv cweÎ KyiAvb
AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb| GwU gvby‡li cÖwZ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi A‡bK eo KiæYv|
cweÎ KyiAvbB cv‡i gvby‡li BnKvjxb I ciKvjxb Rxe‡bi gyw³i c_
evZ‡j w`‡Z| G cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv m¤^wjZ MÖš’ Gbv‡qZzj
†KviAvb 1977 L„. †g gv‡m cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| G ch©šÍ Gi PviwU
(ix) cweÎ †KviAv‡bi `c©‡Y gvbe Rxeb

gvby‡li Rxeb‡K cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Avqbvq wew¤^Z Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q G
MÖ‡š’| gvby‡li Rxe‡bi DÌvb-cZ‡bi my¯úó I ev¯ÍegyLx g~j¨vqb cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K G MÖ‡š’ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G ch©šÍ MÖš’wUi cuvPwU
(x) ‡h dz‡ji Lykey‡Z mviv Rvnvb gv‡Zvqviv
GwU gynZvivg gvIjvbvi Abyev` K‡g©i AšÍf~©³| eBwU nvKxg~j D¤§vZ
gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbex (i.) weiwPZ ÔbkiæZ¨xe wd whKwibœvweq¨xj
nvexeÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’i mv_©K e½vbyev`|
(xi) gnvb ivóª bvqK nhiZ im~‡j Kixg (`.)

wek¦bex (mv.) wQ‡jb c„w_exi me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô mdj ivóªbvqK| wZwb
c„w_exi BwZnv‡m me© cÖ_g Bmjvgx Kj¨vY ivóª Kv‡qg K‡ib Ges my`xN©
`k eQi Zv cwiPvjbv K‡i AbvMZ fwel¨‡Zi gvby‡li Rb¨ ivóª
cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î Abycg Av`k© †i‡L †M‡Qb| G MÖ‡š’ †jLK ivm~j (mv.)
Gi Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv I Gi cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ mg~n mwe¯Ív‡i Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb|
(xii) ìæ` kix‡di dwRjZ I gvnvZ¥

G MÖš’wUI gynZvivg gvIjvbvi Abyev` Kg©| GwU kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv

RvKvwiqv (i.) Gi ÔdvRv‡q‡j ìæ` kixdÕ MÖ‡š’i mv_©K e½vbyev`| G
MÖ‡š’ ìæ` kix‡di dwRjZ, ìæ` kixd bv covi cwiYvg I ìæ` kixd
m¤úK©xq wewfbœ NUbvejx eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G ¸‡jv QvovI wZwb Ô¯^cœ RM‡Z wcÖqbex (`.)Õ, ÔnhiZ MImyj AvR‡gi Agi
evYxÕ, ÔAvDwjqv‡q †Kiv‡gi Rxeb avivÕ, ÔBgvg †evLvix (i.)Õ, ÔcweÎ †KviAv‡bi
gg©K_vÕ, Ôgvbe gh©v`v cÖwZôvq gnvbex (`.)Õ, ÔnhiZ iv‡eqv emix (i.)Õ, Ôgymjgv‡bi
KZ©e¨Õ, ÔBmjvgx A_©bxwZi iƒc‡iLvÕ, ÔcweÎ †KviAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K P‡›`ª AeZiYÕ, Ô`yB
C`Õ, Ônv`xm kix‡di Av‡jvÕ, Ômvnvev PwiZÕ, ÔAvRv`x Av‡›`vj‡b Av‡jg mgv‡Ri
Ae`vbÕ, ÔBgvg †nvmvBb (iv.)Õ I Ôb~‡i bex (`.)Õ BZ¨vw` g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
wkÿKZv :
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1959 L„. gvSvgvwS mg‡q XvKvi beve
evox Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv KwgwUi Aby‡iv‡a D³ gvìvmv KwgwUi †m‡µUvixi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡ib|43 ZLb gvìvmv KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb beve nvmvb AvmKvix Ges mn-mfvcwZ
wQ‡jb Avjnv¾ Ave`yj gv‡R` mi`vi| KwgwU gvìvmv cwiPvjbvi hveZxq `vwqZ¡
gynZvivg gvIjvbvi Dci Ac©Y K‡ib|
Zuvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kvjxb mg‡q GB gvìvmvq cÖv_wgK wKZve mg~n cov‡bv nZ| wKš‘
AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B wZwb G gvìvmvwU‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm ch©v‡q DbœxZ K‡ib|
wZwb G gvìvmvq Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBb I Zvdmx‡i evqhvex cov‡Zb| `vIiv

K¬v‡mi QvÎ‡ì‡K wZwb cweÎ KziAvb Ly‡j Zvdmx‡ii ìm w`‡Zb| eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z m~iv
dv‡Znv †_‡K Avi¤¢ Ki‡Zb Ges kZ e¨¯ÍZvi duv‡K duv‡K hZUzKz m¤¢e cov‡Z
_vK‡Zb| wZwb gv‡S gv‡S `vIiv K¬v‡mi QvÎ‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi DciI cvV`vb
Ki‡Zb| Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi Dci Zuvi avivevwnK Av‡jvPbv ï‡b QvÎiv
gš¿gy‡»igZ Zb¥q n‡q †hZ| 1970 L„. ch©šÍ G gbxlx AZ¨šÍ myL¨vwZi mv‡_ wkÿKZvi
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
cwÎKvi m¤úv`bv:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †m‡Þ¤î 1981 L„. †_‡K gvwmK Avj-
evjvM cwÎKvi m¤úv`bv ïiæ K‡ib| cwÎKvwUi AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ci †_‡K gynZvivg
1
gvIjvbvi BwšÍKvj ch©šÍ †Kvb iK‡gi wecwË e¨ZxZ ch©vqµ‡g cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b Zuvi ‡R¨ô cyÎ †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb cwÎKvwUi fvicÖvß m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡Qb| gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) weiwPZ ÔZdmx‡i byiæj
†KviAvbÕ MÖš’wU †m‡Þ¤î 1981 L„. †_‡K Avj evjvM cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges
1998 L„. G cwÎKv‡ZB GB Zvdmx‡ii me©‡kl Ask Qvcv nq|2 cwÎKvwUi êwkó¨
n‡”Q, mgmvgwqK ivR‰bwZK Ø‡›Ø wjß bv nIqv, cÖ‡kœvË‡ii †eovRv‡j Ave× †i‡L
cvVK‡ì ‰ah© nviv bv K‡i mivmwi cweÎ KziAvb I nv`x‡mi evYx‡K cvV‡Ki m¤§y‡L
Zz‡j aiv, ûRyi (mv.) Gi c~Z-cweÎ Rxe‡bi wewfbœ A‡jŠwKK NUbv eY©bv Kiv,
m¤úv`Kxq‡Z Øxb-`ywbqvi mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Yi c_ wb‡`©kbv †ckKivmn Bmjv‡gi gnvb
wkÿv‡K gvby‡li Øv‡i Øv‡i †cŠuwQ‡q †`qvi cÖvYšÍKi cÖ‡Póv Kiv|3
1. gvIjvbv †gv: Avãyj nvwjg, cÖv¸³ c„, 39
2. cÖv¸³, c„, 62
3. cÖv¸³, c„, 38
cyi¯‹vi I ¯^xK…wZ jvf
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Zuvi RxeÏkvq ¯^xq K…wZ‡Z¡i Rb¨ wewfbœ
ms¯’v I msMV‡bi cÿ ‡_‡K A‡bK¸‡jv cyi¯‹vi I ¯^xK…wZ jv‡f ab¨ nb| wb‡gœ Zvi
K‡qKwUi eY©bv4 Zz‡i aiv nj|
GK. Zuvi †gŠwjK iPbvejxi Rb¨ ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k cyi¯‹vi-1989Õ

G f~wlZ nb|
`yB. wZwb 1992 L„. Øxwb †L`g‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ ¯îƒc wgk‡ii Kvq‡iv¯’ AvšÍR©vwZK
m¤§j‡b Ô‡cÖwm‡W›U ¯^Y©c`K (dv÷‡MÖW)Õ jvf K‡ib|
wZb. Biv‡bi ivRavbx †Zniv‡b 2000 L„. AbywôZ gvme¨vcx AvšÍR©vwZK

cÖ`k©bx‡Z Zuvi weiwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ MÖš’wU cÖ`wk©Z nq|
Pvi. evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbvi †ÿ‡Î Abe`¨ Ae`vb ivLvi ¯^xK…wZ ¯îƒc
2001 L„. ÔûddvRyj †KviAvb dvD‡ÐkbÕ Zuv‡K †µó cÖ`vb K‡i|
wewfbœ ms¯’vi mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) A‡bK ¸‡jv mvgvwRK I †mevag©x ms¯’vi
mv‡_ Ir†cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb| wb‡gœ Zvi wKq`s‡ki eY©bv Zz‡j aiv njÑ5
GK. wZwb GKvav‡i †PŠÏ eQi ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`kÕ Gi †evW© Ae

Mf©bm Gi m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
`yB. RvZxq Puv` †`Lv KwgwUi m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
wZb. RvZxq hvKvZ †ev‡W©i m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
Pvi. ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`kÕ Gi GKv‡WwgK KvDwÝj wm‡jKkb KwgwU,

Zvdmx‡i Zvevix m¤úv`bv cwil`, †evLvix kixd I gymwjg kixd e½vbyev`
m¤úv`bv KwgwUi m‡½I wZwb m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb|
cuvP. evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †ev‡W©i GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡eI wZwb `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib|
Qq. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi D`y© I dvm©x wefv‡Mi wkÿK wb‡qvM msµvšÍ

KwgwUiI wZwb m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 38
Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb ïiæ nq Zuvi wcZvi
wbKU †_‡K| Zuvi wcZv †gvnv¤§` Avjx wgqv Z`vbxšÍb e„wUk-fvi‡Zi cÖL¨vZ eyRyM© kvn
dR‡j ingvb M‡Ä gyiv`vev`x (i.) Gi mv‡neRv`v I Ljxdv nhiZ Avng` wgqv (i.)
Gi gyix` wQ‡jb|6 gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) ˆkk‡eB Zuvi wcZvi m‡½ †Rnix
wRwK‡i Af¨¯Í nb|
wØZxq ch©v‡q 1958 L„. †_‡K 1960 L„. ch©šÍ GKvav‡i `yÕeQi wZwb PÆMÖv‡g
AvIjv‡` ivm~j (mv.) ˆmq` Ave`yj Kixg gv`vbx (i.) Gi †L`g‡Z AwZevwnZ K‡ib|
G mgq Zuvi Ava¨vwZ¥K mvabvi cÖwkÿY nq|7
Z…Zxq ch©v‡q 1964 L„. `viæj Djyg †Ìe‡›ì Z`vbxšÍb gynZvwgg gvIjvbv
ˆZqë (i.) Zuv‡K wPkZxqv ZixKvq evqÔAvZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb Kv‡`wiqv ZixKvi
cvkvcvwk wPkZxqv ZixKvi meK I Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| me‡k‡l wZwb cÖL¨vZ eyhyM©
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`yjøvn nv‡d¾x ûRyi (i.) Gi wbKU evqÔAvZ nb| Zvui Ava¨vwZ¥K
I¯ÍvRM‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Ava¨vwZ¥K wmjwmjv wQj AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx I cÖgvwYZ|8
cvwievwiK Rxeb:
cvwievwiK Rxe‡b gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) wZb cyÎ I cuvP Kb¨vi
RbK|9 †R¨ôcyÎ †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I
ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Gg.G cvk K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb Avj evjvM cwÎKvi fvicÖvß m¤úv`‡Ki
`vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| wØZxq cyÎ †gvnv¤§` knx`yj Bmjvg XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K
Kvwgj cvk K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb Zuvi wcZvi †i‡L hvIqv eëmv cÖwZôvb †`Lvïbv
Ki‡Qb| KwbôcyÎ †gvnv¤§` gyCbyj Bmjvg jvjgvwUqv gvìvmv †_‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm
m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb10 Ges wZwb eZ©gv‡b ¯^cwiev‡i hy³iv‡R¨ emevm Ki‡Qb|

7. cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b Gkvi bvgv‡Ri ci Kv‡q`xqv ZixKvq ‰mq` Ave`yj Kixg gv`vbx (i.) Gi LvbKv‡Z
wRwK‡ii gRwjm AbywôZ nZ| gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) wbqwgZ †m gRwj‡m Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Zb|
GKeQi AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci ˆmq` mv‡ne (i.) Zuvi gyix`MY‡K gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg
(i.) Gi gva¨‡gB ZvÔjxg w`‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| (†gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 249)
9. mvÿvrKvi: †gvt kwn`yj Bwmjvg Zv‡iK (gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Gi †gS †Q‡j),
52, evsjv evRvi, XvKv: mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL-05/05/12 L„.
10. cÖv¸³, mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL- 06/06/2013 L„.
Zvi eo RvgvZv Avjnv¾ gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvjxg XvKvi weL¨vZ Gg`vw`qv

jvB‡eªixi ¯^Z¡vwaKvix| †gS RvgvZv Avjnv¾ dRjyj Avwgb GKRb cÖwZwôZ eëmvqx|
Z…Zxq RvgvZv Avjnv¾ gvIjvbv ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` mvdIqvb XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K
Kvwgj cvk K‡i‡Qb| wZwb GKRb mye³v I wewkó Avwj‡g Øxb| PZz_© RvgvZv Avjnv¾
byiæj Avgxb mv‡neI GKRb eëmvqx Ges cÂg RvgvZv Avjnv¾ wgdZvn DÏxb Lvb
Bmjvgcy‡i Kvc‡oi eëmv K‡ib|11
BwšÍKvj:
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 16 b‡f¤î 2007 L„. ïµevi Zuvi
†gvnv¤§`cy‡ii evmvq AbywôZ mvßvwnK gvnwd‡j ev` gvMixe eqvb †ck K‡i‡Qb| eqvb
†k‡l Bkvi bvgvR c‡o Amy¯’Zv †eva K‡ib| H ivwÎwU wQj cÖPÐ AÜKvi”Qbœ| ûRyi
AbygwZ bv †`qvq iv‡Z Zuv‡K nvmcvZv‡j †bqv nq wb| 17 b‡f¤î mKvj †ejv Zuv‡K
Zuvi AbygwZ mv‡c‡ÿ XvKv †m›Uªvj nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv nq|12 †mLvb †_‡K cieZ©x‡Z
Zuv‡K ZrKvjxb wcwR nvmcvZv‡j ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq| Ae¯’vi DbœwZ bv nIqvq wcwR
nvmcvZvj †_‡K Zuv‡K 17 ZvwiL mÜ¨vq XvKvi G¨v‡c‡jv nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqv nq|
wKš‘ Zuvi kvwiixK Ae¯’v ch©vqµ‡g Lvivc n‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l 19 ZvwiL `ycyi 1 Uvi
mgq G¨v‡c‡jv nvmcvZv‡jB G gbxlx BwšÍKvj K‡ib|13
11. cÖv¸³
12. gvIjvbv †gv: Avãyj nvwjg, cÖv¸³, c„, Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 63
cÂg Aa¨vq
Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb : cªK…wZ, êwkó¨ I iPbv ‰kjx
f~wgKv
cweÎ KziAv‡bi h_vh_ e¨vL¨v Kiv gvby‡li c‡ÿ Av‡`Š m¤¢e bq| GRb¨
cÖ‡qvRb cÖZ¨ÿ Bj‡g Anx| ZvB Anxi aviK ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)B n‡jb cweÎ KziAv‡bi
GKgvÎ h‡_vchy³ e¨vL¨vKvix| mvaviY gvbyl ïay Avqv‡Zi m¤¢ve¨ w`K¸‡jvi we‡kølY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| m¤§vwbZ gydvmwmiMY Zv-B K‡i‡Qb| Zvu‡ì G we‡kølYag©x Zvdmxi MÖš’
mgy‡ni g‡a¨ ÔZdmx‡i byiæj KziAvbÕ Ab¨Zg| G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ gnvMÖš’ Avj KziAv‡bi
m~²wZm~² welq mg~‡ni we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
gnvMÖš’ Avj KziAv‡bi `ÕywU w`K i‡q‡Q| GKwU hvwnix ev cÖKvk¨, Ab¨wU evwZbx
ev AcÖKvk¨| Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb-1
‫ان اﻟﻘﺮان اﻧﺰل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ اﺣﺮف ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺣﺮف اﻻ وﻟﮫ ﻇﮭﺮوﺑﻄﻦ‬
ÔAvj KziAvb mvZwU nid ev c×wZ‡Z AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| hvi cÖwZwU e‡Y©i i‡q‡Q GKwU
hvwnix I GKwU evwZbx Zvrch©|Õ G cÖm‡½ ivm~j (mv.) Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb-2
‫ﻇﺎھﺮه اﻧﯿﻖ وﺑﺎﻃﻨﮫ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻟﮫ ﻧﺠﻮم ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﮫ ﻻﺗﺤﺼﻲ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺒﮫ وﻻﺗﺒﻠﻲ ﻏﺮاﺋﺒﮫ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﯿﺢ‬
‫اﻟﮭﺪي وﻣﻨﺎراﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
ÔZvi evwn‡ii w`K AZ¨šÍ ¯^”Q, †fZ‡ii w`K A‡bK Mfxi| Zvi A‡bK¸‡jv ZviKv
i‡q‡Q| i‡q‡Q ZviKv mg~‡ni Dci Av‡iv A‡bK ZviKv| Zvi we¯§q AevwiZ I
AwfbeZ¡ ARxY©, G‡Z i‡q‡Q †n`v‡q‡Zi evYx I †nKg‡Zi wb‡`©kbv|Õ
cweÎ KziAv‡bi g~j fve‡K gvbe RvwZi m¤§y‡L e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g my®úó
K‡i Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ hy‡M hy‡M AmsL¨ gbxwl wbijmfv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb| ZvB c„w_ex‡Z
Ggb †Kvb fvlv Luy‡R cvIqv `y®‹i †h fvlv‡Z cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zvdmxi iwPZ nqwb|
Avi GiB avivevwnKZvq evsjv fvlvfvlx gvby‡li wbKU cweÎ KziAv‡bi evYx‡K mwe¯Ív‡i
Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ †h mKj gbxwl Abe`¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj
Bmjvg (i.) Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg|
1. D×„Z: W. hvnvex, AvZZvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæb, cÖv¸³, c„. 93

2. D×„Z : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg, Avj KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K wkiK I ZvInx` , Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx,
XvKv: 1988 L„. c„. 9
wZwb m~`xN© 17 eQi AZ¨šÍ cwikªg K‡i evsjv fvlvfvlx gvby‡li ü`qZš¿x‡Z cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi A`g¨ evmbv wb‡q 30 L‡Ð ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj KziAvbÕ
AvL¨vq cweÎ KziAv‡bi m¤ú~Y© evsjvq GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|3 evsjv fvlvq
Zvui G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i gZ we¯ÍvwiZ Avi †Kvb Zvdmxi MÖš’ iwPZ nqwb| AZ¨šÍ mvejxj
I cÖvÄj Dc¯’vcbvq PjwZ fvlvq wjwLZ G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ cweÎ KziAv‡bi GK Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi Ab¨ AvqvZ Øviv A_ev nvw`m Øviv, Avevi †Kv_vI mvnvevM‡Yi Dw³ Øviv eY©bv
K‡i †idv‡iÝmn D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aviex, dvmx© I D`©y fvlvq iwPZ wewfbœ& g~jëvb
Zvdmxi MÖš’ †_‡K msM„nxZ Z_¨ I ZË¡ m¤¢v‡ii Dc¯’vcbv G MÖš’wU‡K Av‡iv wbf©i‡hvM¨
K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| wb‡gœ G MÖš’wUi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi bvgKi‡Yi Zvrch©
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) hwÌ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ †K evsjv
fvlvq iPbv K‡i‡Qb Z_vwc G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb Aviex kã w`‡q|
wZwb Zvui G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i Rb¨ Ggb GKwU bvg cQ›` K‡i‡Qb hvi ga¨ w`‡q Zvui
g‡bi Awfe¨w³ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb ‡h G Zvdmxi iPbvi gva¨‡g cweÎ KziAv‡bi
g‡a¨ jyKvwqZ Av‡jvK”QUv‡K Db¥y³ K‡i AÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z e¨w³i ü`q‡K wn`vqv‡Zi
Av‡jv‡Z D™¢vwmZ K‡i w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Zv G Zvdmx‡ii bvgKiY †_‡KB AbywgZ nq|
g~jZ: evK¨vskwU I kãØ‡qi mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡q‡Q| ‫ر‬
k‡ãi A_© -Av‡jv, Av‡jvi wKiY, jÚb BZ¨vw`|4 Gi eûePb nj Avi cwifvlvq
‫ ﻧﻮر‬ejv nq 5
‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻻﺷﯿﺎء وﯾﺮي اﻻﺑﺼﺎرﺣﻘﯿﻘﺘﮭﺎ‬
Ôhv e¯‘ mg~n‡K cÖKvk K‡i †`q Ges †PvL‡K Zvi inm¨ †`wL‡q †`qÕ| cweÎ KziAv‡b
‫ ﻧﻮر‬kãwU‡K AmsLëvi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~iv wbmv‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-
-‫ﯾﺎاﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎءﻛﻢ ﺑﺮھﺎن ﻣﻦ رﺑﻜﻢ واﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﻜﻢ ﻧﻮرا ﻣﺒﯿﻨﺎ‬
Ô‡n gvbeKzj! †Zvgv‡ì ciIqvi‡`Mv‡ii cÿ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì wbKU mb` †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q|
Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ cÖK…ó Av‡jv AeZxY© K‡iwQ|Õ6
3. †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, nhiZ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg- Rxeb I mvabv, Avb byi
cvewj‡KkÝ , XvKv: 2003 L„. c„. 62
4. gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, Avj KvImvi, gw`bv cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv: 1994 L„. 4_© ms¯‹iY, c„. 689
5. W.Beªvwng gv`Kzi, gyÔRvgyj IqvmxZ, KzZzeLvbv ûmvBwbqv, †Ìe›`: 1972 L„. 2q ms¯‹iY, c„. 962.
m~iv AvbÔAv‡g G‡m‡Q -
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ اﻟﺬي ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﺴﻤﻮات واﻻرض وﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺖ واﻟﻨﻮر ﺛﻢ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻛﻔﺮواﺑﺮﺑﮭﻢ‬
‫ﯾﻌﺪﻟﻮن‬
Ôme©wea cÖksmv AvjøvniB Rb¨ whwb b‡fvgÐj I f~gÐj m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges AÜKvi I
Av‡jvi D™¢e K‡i‡Qb| Z_vwc Kv‡diiv ¯^xq cvjbKZ©vi mv‡_ Ab¨‡K mgZzj¨ w¯’i
K‡i|Õ7 G QvovI cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv gv‡q`v,8 ZvIev,9 b~i,10 nv`x`,11 mvd,12
Zvnixg13 mn A‡bK m~iv‡Z b~i kãwU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv cweÎ
KziAvb‡KI mivmwi b~i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb-
‫ﻓﺎﻣﻨﻮاﺑﺎﷲ ورﺳﻮﻟﮫ واﻟﻨﻮراﻟﺬي اﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ واﷲ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﺧﺒﯿﺮ‬

ÔAZGe †Zvgiv Avjøvn, Zvui ivm~j Ges AeZxY© b~‡ii cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki| †Zvgiv
hv Ki, ‡m wel‡q Avjøvn mg¨K AeMZ|Õ14 cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ab¨Î Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Øxb-
Bmjvg‡KI b~i e‡j‡Qb15
-‫ﺑﺮﯾﺪون ﻟﯿﻄﻔﻮوا ﻧﻮراﷲ ﺑﺎﻓﻮاھﮭﻢ واﷲ ﻣﺘﻢ ﻧﻮره وﻟﻮﻛﺮه اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮون‬
ÔZviv gy‡Li dzrKv‡i Avjøvni Av‡jv wbwf‡q w`‡Z Pvq| Avjøvn Zvui Av‡jv‡K c~Y©iƒ‡c
weKwkZ Ki‡eb hwÌ Kv‡diiv Zv AcQ›` K‡i|Õ G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq mvdIqvZzZ&
Zvdvmxi cÖ‡YZv e‡jb-16
‫اي ﯾﺮﯾﺪاﻟﻤﺸﺮﻛﻮن ﺑﺎن ﯾﻄﻔﺆوا دﯾﻦ اﷲ وﺷﺮﻋﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺮﺑﺎﻓﻮاھﮭﻢ‬
Avi G KziAvb bvwhjI n‡q‡Q gvbyl‡K AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jvi c‡_ wb‡q Avmvi
Rb¨| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb-17
‫اﻟﺮﻛﺘﺐ اﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎه اﻟﯿﻚ ﻟﺘﺨﺮج اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺖ اﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻮرﺑﺎذن رﺑﮭﻢ اﻟﻲ ﺻﺮاط‬
-‫اﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰاﻟﺤﻤﯿﺪ‬
7. Avj KziAvb, 6:1

8. Avj KziAvb, 5:15, 16, 46
9. Avj KziAvb, 9:32, 33
16. kvqL †gvnv¤§` Avjx mveybx, mvdIqvZzZ& Zvdvmxi, `viæ GnBqvDZ ZzivwQ Avivex, êiæZ: 2008 L„.
3q LÐ , c„. 324
ÔAvwjd- jvg-iv; GwU GKwU MÖš’, hv Avwg Avcbvi cÖwZ bvwhj K‡iwQ-hv‡Z Avcwb
gvbyl‡K AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jvi w`‡K †ei K‡i Av‡bb- civµvšÍ, cÖksmvi‡hvM¨ cvjb
KZv©i wb‡`©‡k ZviuB c‡_i w`‡K|Õ
‡h‡nZz gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Zvui iwPZ G Zvdmx‡ii gva¨‡g
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Af¨šÍixb Av‡jv‡K gvbeZvi m¤§y‡L my¯úó fv‡e Qwo‡q w`‡Z Pvb| ZvB
Zvui G Zvdmx‡ii bvgKiY ‫ ﻧﻮراﻟﻘﺮان‬Z_v ÔKziAv‡bi Av‡jvÕ h_v_© n‡q‡Q|
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi MVb KvVv‡gv I iPbvˆkjx

evsjv fvlvq cweÎ KziAv‡bi A‡bK ZiRgv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ m¤c~Y©
KziAv‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi mivmwi G fvlv‡Z Lye GKUv iwPZ nqwb ej‡jB P‡j| G
ïY¨ZvwU Dcjwä K‡i gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) 1980 L„. evsjv fvlvq
†gŠwjK, cÖvgvY¨ I we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbvi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1981 L„. †_‡K
wbqwgZ †jLv ïiæ K‡ib|18 1981 L„. †m‡Þ¤î †_‡K ÔgvwmK Avj evjvMÕ cwÎKvq Zv
Qvcv n‡Z _v‡K|19 gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) G MÖš’wU iPbvq †Kb nvZ
w`‡q‡Qb Zv wZwb wb‡Ri fvlvq eY©bv K‡ib|20
ÒcweÎ ‡KviAvb AeZxY© nIqvi ci †_‡K weMZ †PŠÏk eQ‡ii g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvq †Kvb †gŠwjK,
cÖvgvY¨ Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ Av‡Rv iwPZ nqwb| ZLb †_‡KB Avgvi g‡bi †MvcbZg cÖ‡Kv‡ó ‡h
AvKv•ÿv m„wó nq Zv n‡jv: evsjv fvlvq Ggb GKwU Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv Kiv, hv n‡e †gŠwjK, cÖvgvY¨
Ges we¯ÍvwiZ, hv n‡e Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq iwPZ g~jëvb Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni wbhv©m| G D‡Ï‡k¨ me© cÖ_g
cweÎ †KviAvb ZiRgvq nvZ †`B|ÕÕ
Zvui G Zvdmx‡ii 1g LÐ 1984 L„. ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj ‡KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g

cÖKvwkZ nq| G Zvdmxi LÐLvbx cvVK gn‡j AZ¨šÍ mgv`„Z nIqvq wZwb wØ¸Y Drmvn
wb‡q evKx KvR m¤úbœ Kivq eªZx nb| me©‡k‡l 1998 L„. D³ Zvdmx‡ii 30Zg L‡Ði
cÖKvkbvi gva¨‡g ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|21
18. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv: 2009, 4_© cÖKvk,
1g LÐ, c„. 5 (Ô‡jL‡Ki AviRÕ `ªóe¨)
19. cÖv¸³
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 4 (Ô‡jL‡Ki AviRÕ `ªóe¨)
21. †gvnv¤§` gvngyy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 62
Zvui G Zvdmx‡ii cÖ_g L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Ô†jL‡Ki AviRÕ bv‡g Pvi c„ôvi GKwU
Av‡e`b, mvZ c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ, bq c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| AZci
ÔAeZiwYKvÕ bv‡g †jLK cybivq 156 c„ôv e¨vcx GKwU e„nr f~wgKvi AeZviYv
K‡i‡Qb|22 GB ÔAeZiwYKvÕ As‡k wZwb cweÎ KziAvb I KziAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii mv‡_
mswkøó A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ KziAvb msKj‡bi
BwZnvm, KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Kivi wbqg, dvhv‡q‡j KziAvb, KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi cÖm½,
KziAv‡b GKB NUbv evievi D‡jøL Kivi KviY, Inx bvwh‡ji c×wZ, KziAv‡b ewY©Z
†d‡i¯Ív, mvnvev‡q †Kivg I Avw¤^qv‡q †Kiv‡gi weeiY, cª_g hy‡Mi ZvdmxiKviM‡Yi
cwiwPwZ, Dcgnv‡`‡k cweÎ KziAvb I KziAv‡b ewY©Z fwel¨Øvbx BZ¨vw`
D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨|23 cÖwZwU L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z cÖ_g L‡Ði gZB wZwb 3 †_‡K 7 ev 8 c„ôv e¨vcx
GKwU f~wgKv I 3 †_‡K 7 ev 8 c„ôv e¨vcx GKwU welq m~Px cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
Abyev` I Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© evsjvq cÖwZwU m~ivi bvg, AeZx‡Y©i ¯’vb, AvqvZ I
iæKzi msL¨v, kv‡b byh~j I dvhvwqjyj KziAvb BZ¨vw` Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| AZci
cÖwZwU m~ivi AvswkK g~j Aviex, Zrwb‡P ÔZiRgvÕ AvL¨vq e½vbyev`, AZci ÔZvdmxiæj
KziAvbÕ AvL¨vq cweÎ KziAv‡bi wek` e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| gvIjvbv †gvnvg¥`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Zvui G Zvdmxi iPbvq †h mg¯Í cÖvgvY¨ MÖ‡š’i mvnvh¨ MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ ÔRvwgqyj evqvbÕ, ÔgvdvwZûj MvwqeÕ, ÔBe‡b KvmxiÕ, ÔAv``yiiæj
gvbm~iÕ, ÔgvhnvixÕ, ÔLyjvmvZzZ ZvdvmxiÕ, ÔmvdIqvZzZ ZvdvmxiÕ, Ôevqvbyj KziAvbÕ,
ÔZvdmx‡i nv°vbxÕ, ÔZvdmx‡i gv‡R`xÕ, ÔAvj evniæj gynxZÕ, ÔgvÔAv‡idzj KziAvbÕ,
ÔKvmvmyj KziAvbÕ, ÔZvbexiæj wgKBqvmÕ I eyLvix-gymwjgmn nv`x‡mi Ab¨vb¨ cªvgvY¨
MÖš’ D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨|
wÎk L‡Ð mgvß 11,102 c„ôvq iwPZ GB mywekvj Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ Bmjvgx Rxeb
avivi mv‡_ Ir‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ Ggb cÖvq mv‡o Pvi nvRvi wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q|24 G e„nr ZvdmxiwU LÐvKv‡i cÖKvkbvi mgq I m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cÖKvwkZ nIqvi
ci evsjv-cvK -fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki eû gymwjg gbxlx D³ Zvdmx‡ii cÖmskv K‡i
gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ K‡qKR‡bi AwfgZ Zz‡j aiv nj-
22. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³
23. cÖv¸³
24. †gvnv¤§` gvnvgy`yj nvmvb, cÖv¸³, c„.62,69
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi GwgwiUvm© cÖ‡dmi W. wmivRyj nK
e‡jb-ÒAvgvi ÿz`ª g‡Z GB Zvdmxi Lvbv GKwU AvaywbK MÖš’, hvi gvidZ Avgiv AviI Ávb jv‡fi mÜvb
†c‡Z cvwi|Ó25
1393 ev. 25 êkvL ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq wewkó †jLK nvmvb Avãyj KvBqyg D³
Zvdmx‡ii 1g LÐ m¤ú©‡K gšÍe¨ K‡i e‡jb- Ò gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg evsjv fvlvq
†gŠwjK I cÖvgvY¨ Zvdmxi wjLvi †ÿ‡Î GK be-w`M‡šÍi m~Pbv K‡i‡Qb|ÕÕ26
cvwK¯Ív‡bi jvn‡ii ev`kvnx gmwR‡ì LZxe, gRwj‡m Ijvgv‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi mfvcwZ W.
ˆmq` Avãyj Kv‡ì AvRv` Zvui Awfg‡Z e‡jb-
ÒAvgvi g‡Z Zvui G Zvdmxi n‡jv mg¯Í Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i dz‡ji ‡Zvov we‡kl | hvgvL&kvix, evqRvfx, Zvevix,
Be‡b Kvmxi GK K_vq D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ mg¯Í Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i ‰ewkó¨ G‡Z cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|ÕÕ27
fvi‡Zi `viæj Djyg †Ìe›` gvìvmvi wewkó gynvwÏm gvIjvbv †bqvgZ Djøvn
AvRgx G ZvdmxiwU‡K ÒcÖvgvY¨, we¯ÍvwiZ Ges h_v wbq‡g iwPZÓ28 e‡j gšÍe¨
K‡i‡Qb|
25. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 3q LÐ, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„.8 (ÔAwfgZÕ c„ôv `ªóe¨)
26. cÖv¸³, c„. Ô‰`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki `„wó‡Z Zvdmx‡i b~iæj ‡KviAvbÕ `ªóe¨
27. cÖv¸³, XvKv: 1998, 30Zg LÐ, 30 cviv, 1g ms¯‹iY, c„. MÖ‡š’i †k‡l ÔAwfgZÕ c„ôv `ªóe¨
28. cÖv¸³
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ MÖš’wUi LÐvKv‡i KvjvbyµwgKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nIqvi GKwU wPÎ
wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv nj-
LÐ cviv c„ôv g~j¨ cÖKvkK, cªKvkbv gy`ªK, gy`ªY ms¯’v cÖ_g
msL¨v ms¯’v ms¯‹iY
1g 1g 547 ‡gv: gBbyj Bmjvg, g‡bvig gy`ªvqb, 1984 L„.
12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` wkwik `vm ‡jb,
Avng` †ivW , eøK XvKv -1
G, †gvnv¤§`cyi,
XvKv-7, Avj evjvM
cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv|
2q 2q 429 150 UvKv ‡gv: kwn`yj Bmjvg H 1985 L„.
Zv‡iK, H
3q 3q 320 125 ,, †gv: gvngy`yj H 1987 L„.
nvmvb, H
4_© 4_© 374 175 ,, ‡gv: gBbyj Bmjvg, H 1988 L„.
H
5g 5g 262 125 ,, †gv: gvngy`yj nvmvb, gyRvwn`, wcÖw›Us, 1989 L„.
H 14/G ‰Kjvk †Nvl
‡jb, XvKv- 10
6ô 6ô 338 175 ,, †gv: gBbyj Bmjvg w` B‡¤úwiqvj ‡cÖm, 1989 L„.
H 10 nvU ‡Lvjv †ivW,
XvKv|
7g 7g 310 175 ,, ‡gv: kwn`yj Bmjvg H 1990 L„.
Zv‡i&K, H
8g 8g 319 175 ,, ‡gv: gBbyj Bmjvg H 1990 L„.

H
9g 9g 336 175 ,, ‡gv: gvngy`yj nvmvb, 1990 L„.
H
10g 10 384 200 ,, ‡gv: kwn`yj Bmjvg, H 1991 L„.
H
11g 11g 356 200 ,, ‡gv: gvngy`yj nvmvb, H 1991 L„.
H
12k 12k 326 200 UvKv ‡gv: gBbyj Bmjvg, H 1991 L„.
H
13k 13k 312 200 ,, ‡gv: gvngy`yj nvmvb H 1992 L„.
H
14k 14k 336 200 ,, ‡gv: kwn`yj Bmjvg gyRvwn` wcÖ: GÐ 1992 L„.
H c¨v‡KwRs, 14/G
‰Kjvk †Nvl ‡jb, XvKv
15k 15k 1992 L„.
16k 16k 352 200 ,, gvngy`yj nvmvb, H gyRvwn` wcÖ: GÐ 1993 L„.
c¨v‡KwRs, 14/G
‰Kjvk †Nvl‡jb, XvKv
17k 17k 346 225 ,, H b~ivbx †cÖm, 1993 L„.

14-G ZbyMÄ ‡jb,
Kjy‡Uvjv, XvKv
18k 18k 349 250 ,, kwn`yj Bmjvg, H gyRvwn` wcÖw›Us 1993 L„.
GÐ c¨v‡KwRs. 14- G
Kjy‡Uvjv, XvKv
19k 19k 309 225 ,, gBbyj Bmjvg, H b~ivbx †cÖm, 14/G 1994 L„.
ZbyMÄ †jb,
Kjy‡Uvjv, XvKv
20k 20k 272 200 ,, †gv: gBbyj Bmjvg, H 1994 L„.
H
21k 21k 419 325 ,, H gvóvi wcÖw›Us GÐ 1994 L„.

c¨v‡KwRs 89
gnvLvjx; XvKv
22k 22k 367 250 ,, gvngy`yj nvmvb, H H 1995 L„.

23k 23k 334 250 ,, †gvnv¤§` gBbyj H 1995 L„.
Bmjvg, H

24k 24k 293 250 UvKv ‡gv: kwn`yj H 1996 L„.
Bmjvg, H
25k 25k 1996 L„.
26k 26k 1996 L„.
27k 27k 313 300 ,, nv‡dR ‡gv: gBbyj gvóvi wcÖw›Us GÐ 1997 L„.
Bmjvg c¨v‡KwRs, 89
gnvLvjx, XvKv
28k 28k 336 320 ,, †gv: gvngy`yj Bmjvg, H 1997 L„.

H
29k 29k 394 350 ,, †gv: knx`yj Bmjvg H 1997 L„.
H
30k 30k 490 450 ,, nv‡dR †gvnv¤§` H 1998 L„.
gBbyj Bmjvg, H
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi LÐ wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv

wÎk L‡Ð wef³ G Zvdmxi MÖš’wUi cÖwZwU L‡Ði AeKvVv‡gvMZ w`K I iPbv
ˆkjx m¤úK©xq bvwZ`xN© ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡gœ avivevwnK fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj-
cÖ_g LÐ
(m~iv dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi 1 †_‡K 141 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) weiwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi

1g LÐwU (PZz_© cÖKvk) GLb Avgv‡ì m¤§y‡L i‡q‡Q| GwU iweDj AvDqvj 1430 wn.
gvP© 2009 L„. dvêyb 1415 ev. XvKvi Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|
G L‡Ði †gvU c„ôv msL¨v 521| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Ô‡jL‡Ki AviRÕ bv‡g Pvi c„ôvi GKwU
Av‡e`b, 1 c„ôv e¨vcx ÔZ…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Y †jL‡Ki AviRÕ bv‡g Av‡iKwU Av‡e`b, AZci
mvZ c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ I 9 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv Ges cybivq ÔAeZiwYKvÕ bv‡g 156
c„ôvi GKwU e„nr f~wgKv ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| G LÐwUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1984 L„. Avj
evjvM cvewj‡Kkbm KZ…©K XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|
G L‡Ð m~iv dvwZnv m¤ú~Y© I m~iv evKvivi ïiæ †_‡K 141 bs ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi AšÍ©f‚³ n‡q‡Q| †jLK ïiæ‡Z m~ivi bvg, AeZxY© ¯’vb, AvqvZ, evK¨ I Aÿi
msL¨v wj‡L Zvmwgqv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|1 Zvici ÔdvRv‡q‡j KziAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
Zvmwgqvi dwRjZ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| AZci ÔZvdmxiæj KziAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Zvmwgqvi
e¨vL¨v KiZ: Ôgvmv‡qjyj KziAvbÕ I ÔAvgvjyj ‡KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ZvÔAvDDR I
Zvmwgqv msµvšÍ †gŠwjK wKQz Av‡jvPbv ‡ck K‡i‡Qb| Zvici m~iv dv‡Znvi Aviex
AskUzKz Dc¯’vcb K‡i Ôm~iv dv‡Znvi dwRjZÕ, ÔbvgKiYÕ, ÔZvdmxiæj KziAvbÕ,
Ôgvmv‡qjyj KziAvbÕ, I ÔAvgvjyj KziAvbÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q chv©qµ‡g Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb|2
gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) G L‡Ði 181 b¤î c„ôv †_‡K m~iv
evKvivi Zvdmxi ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg`& I ìƒ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K m~ivi
bvg, AeZxY© ¯’vb, AvqvZ I iæKz msL¨v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| AZci Ôkv‡b byhyjÕ I
ÔdvRv‡qjyj KziAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv evKviv bvwhj nIqvi KviY I m~iv evKvivi dwRjZ
msµvšÍ `yÔwU nv`xm D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|3 Zvici m~iv evKvivi cÖ_g cvuP Avqv‡Zi Aviex
Ask D‡jøLc~e©K ZiRgv cÖ`vb K‡i Zvdmxi ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zvui G Zvdmx‡i m~iv
evKvivi cÖ_g cvuP Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv Av‡j Ggivb, Avivd, gyjK,
gy‡gbyb, I gbv‡dKzb mn Ab¨vb¨ m~ivi Avqv‡Z Kvixgv Dc¯’vcb K‡i
Gi e¨vL¨v ixwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|4 wVK GKB mv‡_ gymwjg I evqnvKx kix‡d
ewY©Z nv`xm D‡jøL K‡i Gi ixwZ‡KI mvg‡b †i‡L‡Qb|5 Zvui
Zvdmx‡ii G As‡ki Av‡iKwU jÿYxq w`K nj- wZwb G cvuP Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq nhiZ
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 167
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 168-180
3. cÖ_g nv`xm: Bgvg evqnvKx GB nv`xm mKjb K‡i‡Qb, †h e¨w³ m~iv evKvivn cvV Ki‡e, Zv‡K
†e‡nk‡Z gyKz&U civ‡bv n‡e| wØZxq nv`xm: mvnj Be‡b mvÕ` †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb- cÖ‡Z¨K
wRwb‡mi D”PZv i‡q‡Q, Avi KziAv‡bi D”PZv nj m~iv evKvivn| (cÖv¸³, c„. 181)
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 185-193
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 192
Avey eKi, Igi, Avjx, DevB web KvÔe, Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) cªgyL mvnvex
I mywdqvb mvIix, nvmvb emix, KvZv`v, hynix, iæevB web Avbvm, Be‡b Rvixi I kvn
Avãyj Avhxh (i.) mn 13 Rb weL¨vZ gydvmwm‡ii wewfbœ e³‡eï DØ„wZ D‡jøL K‡i G
AvqvZ¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|6
wZwb G Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb ‡Kvb ¯’v‡b Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v‡K AwaKZi ¯úó Kivi Rb¨
wewfbœ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z `„óvšÍg~jK NUbvejxi eY©bv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb|7 Avevi †Kvb
†Kvb ¯’v‡b cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡i gbxwlM‡Yi e³e¨ Øviv H cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb K‡i Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨v‡K AwaKZi my¯úó K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|8 wZwb mgKvjxb cÎ-cwÎKvi wewfbœ
NUbvi D×„wZI G Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|9 m‡ev©cwi Ôgymwjg I
Agymwj‡gi cv_©K¨Õ,10 ÔAvjøvn‡`ªvnx‡ì †kvPbxq cwiYwZÕ,11 Ôgvbœv mvjIqv I cv_i
‡_‡K cvwb wbM©Z nIqvÕ,12 ÔwcZvgvZvi cÖwZ Gnmvb Kivi ïf cwiYvgÕ,13 Ôhv`y we`¨vÕ,14
ÔDrK…ó I wbK…ó m„wóÕ,15 ÔBmjvgx Av`‡k©i ZË¡ K_vÕ,16 ÔevqZzjøvn wbgv©‡Yi BwZnvmÕ,17
Ges ÔKvÕev RgRg I nR‡i Avm&Iqv`mnÕ18 A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q wZwb G L‡Ð
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 183-192

7. cÖv¸³, c„. 159
8. GLv‡b wZwb Ô‡e-Avgj Av‡jg‡ì IqvR bwmnZ Kiv wK DwPr ?Õ Gfv‡e cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡i Avjøvgv
Avjymx, Avkivd Avjx _vbex, gydZx †gvnv¤§` kwd (i.) Gi Dw³ Øviv D³ cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| (cÖv¸³, c„. 265)
9. GLv‡b wZwb ÔZv‡ì m~iv evKvivi (Bû`x‡ì) Dci Acgvb I `vwi`ª¨ wbcvwZZ Kiv njÕ) Gi e¨vL¨vq
†Ìe›` †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔG‡¯ÍKjvjÕ I w`jøx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ô‰`wbK `vIqvZÕ cwÎKvq ewY©Z wKQz NUbv
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| (cÖv¸³, c„. 305)
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 169
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 198
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 291-2980
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 358
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 403

15. cÖv¸³, c„. 435
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 452
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 485
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 488-490
wØZxq LÐ
(m~iv evKvivi 142 †_‡K 250 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ )
2q LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ XvKv KZ…©K KvwZ©K, 1392 ev. b‡f¤î, 1985 L„. me©
cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` knx`yj Bmjvg Zv‡iK, 12/17, m¨vi
ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwU g‡bvig gy`ªvqY, 24, kªxk `vm
†jb, XvKv-1100 ‡_‡K gyw`ªZ nq| 19 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 429 Ges g~j¨ 200 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I cvuP c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv evKvivi 142 †_‡K 250 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g
Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K G ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔwØZxq LÐÕ kãwU
†jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv evKvivi 142 I 143 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv
I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G `yÕwU Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq wZwb Zvdmx‡i Zvevix, Zvdmx‡i
gvRnvix, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi, Zvdmx‡i nv°vbx, Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b
AveŸvm, †LvjvmvZzZ Zvdvmxi I dvIqv‡q‡` Imgvbx mn A‡bK¸‡jv cÖvPxb Zvdmxi
MÖ‡š’i Z_¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zvui Zvdmx‡ii G As‡k Ôkv‡b byRyj,Õ20
†Kejv cwieZ©‡bi KviY,21 Ôbvgv‡R †Kejv wbw`©ó Kivi KviY,Õ22 Ôm‡e©vËg D¤§Z,Õ23
Ô‡Zvgiv mvÿx n‡e gvby‡li Rb¨Õ,24 Gfv‡e †Kv‡Ukb w`‡q Zvici AvqvZ ¸‡jvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| GKwU Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vi m¤¢ve¨ hZ w`K _vK‡Z
cv‡i, wZwb me¸‡jv w`‡Ki cÖwZB bRi w`‡q‡Qb|25 cvVK †hb G AvqvZwUi g~j fve
cwic~Y© fv‡e ü`q½g Ki‡Z cv‡ib G wel‡q wZwb c~Y© `vwqZ¡ m‡PZbvi cwiPq w`‡q
Zvdmxi Kg© m¤úv`‡bi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
19. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 1g cÖKvk, 1985 L„. 2q LÐ, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
21. cÖv¸³,
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 7
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 11
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 12
25. †hgb- ‫ ﻓﺎذﻛﺮوﻧﻲ اذﻛﺮﻛﻢ‬m~iv evKvivi 152 bs AvqvZ- Ô‡Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY K‡iv, AvwgI †Zvgv‡ì
¯§iY Ki‡evÕ Gi e¨vL¨vq †jLK `kwU m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v Zvui G Zvdmx‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb Zvui Zvdmx‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vi mv‡_ mv‡_ ÔAvgvjyj
†KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv †_‡K mswkøó Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡g `ywbqvex †Kvb
DcKvi nvwmj Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡j †mUvI eYb©v K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, m~iv evKvivi 156 bs
AvqvZ-ÔBbœv wjjøvwn Iqv Bbœv BjvBwn ivwRDbÕ Gi e¨vL¨vi ci wj‡L‡Qb-
ÒK. †Kvb wRwbm nvwi‡q †M‡j ÔBbœv wjjvwn Iqv Bbœv BjvBwn iv‡RDbÕ AvqvZ Lvwb cvV K‡i
AbymÜvb Ki‡j Aek¨B †m wRwbm cvIqv hv‡e| A_ev Zvi †P‡q DËg e¯‘ cÖ`Ë n‡e|
L. †Kvb wRwbm nvwi‡q †M‡j A_ev Acnib Kiv n‡j 29 evi Dc‡iv³ AvqvZ Ges 7evi
m~iv ÔIqv‡ÏvnvÕ cvV Ki‡Z nq Ges c~‡©e I c‡i 11 evi ìƒ` kixd Aek¨B cvV Ki‡Z nq|
GB Avgj Ki‡jI nviv‡bv e¯‘ cvIqv hvq|Ó26
GK. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki Avgvi cÖwZ AvbyM‡Zï Øviv, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Ki‡ev Avgvi ingZ
Øviv|
`yB. g~jZ: Avjvn cvK Av‡jvP¨ Avqv‡Z Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb †hb cÖwZwU gvbyl Zuvi ing‡Zi Avkv AvKv•ÿv
wb‡q Ges Zuvi Avhv‡ei fq fxwZ wb‡q Zvu‡K ¯§iY K‡i Ges Avjvn cvK‡K ¯§iY K‡i GLjvQ Z_v
AvšÍwiKZvi m‡½| Zvn‡j Avjvn cvK ev›`v‡ì‡K ¯§iY Ki‡eb `ywbqv I Av‡LivZ Dfq Rvnv‡b Z_v
Zvui gnvb `v‡b wZwb Zv‡ì ab¨ Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ ewl©Z n‡e Zvui KiæYv e„wó|
wZb. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki Avgvi cÖksmv I AvbyM‡Zï gva¨‡g, Zvn‡j Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Ki‡ev
cÖksmv Ges †bqvg‡Zi gva¨‡g|
Pvi. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki `ywbqv‡Z, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Ki‡ev Av‡Liv‡Z|
cvuP. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki GKv GKv, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Ki‡ev gRwjm mg~‡n|
Qq. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki myL-kvwšÍ I †bqvgZ jv‡fi mgq, Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì ¯§iY Ki‡ev
†Zvgv‡ì wec‡ì g~û‡Z©|
mvZ. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki Avgvi Gev`‡Zi gva¨‡g, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì ¯§iY Ki‡ev †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ
mvnv‡hï gva¨‡g|
AvU. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki Avgvi c‡_ mvabvi gva¨‡g, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Ki‡ev †Zvgv‡ì‡K
Avgvi †n`v‡qZ `v‡bi gva¨‡g|
bq. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki c~Y© mZZv I GLjvQ-AvšÍwiKZvi m‡½, Zvn‡j AvwgI †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY
Ki‡ev we‡klfv‡e †`vhL †_‡K bvRvZ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g|
`k. †Zvgiv Avgv‡K ¯§iY Ki Avgvi jvjb cvj‡bi K_v ¯§iY K‡i, Zvn‡j Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯§iY
Ki‡ev †Zvg‡ì cÖwZ ingZ bv‡R‡ji gva¨‡g|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg , cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, c„. 40-41
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 62
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Zvui G Zvdmx‡ii †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b wdK&nx
gvmAvjv-gvmvwqj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, m~iv evKvivi 222 bs AvqvZ-Ô(†n
ivmyj! Avcbv‡K Zviv i³mªve m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv K‡i|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb
nv‡qR msµvšÍ wdK&nx gvmv‡qj mg~n we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|27 GQvovI G L‡Ð
wZwb Ô†Kejv cwieZ©b,Õ28 Ôknx`M‡Yi ghv©`vÕ,29 ÔZIevi dwRjZÕ,30 ÔbinZ¨v nvivg
m¤úK©xq weavbÕ31 Ôwmqv‡gi gvmvwqj,Õ32 ÔGnmv‡bi Zvrch©,Õ33 Ôn‡R¡i Ôkiqx weavbÕ,34
Ôg` I Ryqvi AcKvwiZvÕ,35 Ôweevn I ZvjvKÕ,36 Ôbvgv‡R Lyï-LyRyÕ37 mn Av‡iv A‡bK
¸‡jv welq mwe¯Ív‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
27. cÖv¸³, c„. 329

28. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
29. cÖv¸³, c„. 49
30. cÖv¸³, c„. 73
31. cÖv¸³, c„. 137-140
32. cÖv¸³, c„. 146-16
33. cÖv¸³, c„. 199
34. cÖv¸³, c„. 208-280
35. cÖv¸³, c„. 306
36. cÖv¸³, c„. 359
37. cÖv¸³, c„. 405
Z…Zxq LÐ
(m~iv evKvivi 253 †_‡K m~iv Av‡jj Bgiv‡bi Gi 91 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi 3q LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K ˆPÎ,
1393 ev. kvevb-1407 wn. GwcÖj-1987 L„. †gvZv‡eK me© cÖ_g XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
nq| G LÐwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gv: gvngy`yj nvmvb| GwU g‡bvig gy`ªvqY, 24, wkwik
`vm †jb, XvKv-1, †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 320 I g~j¨ 200 UvKv|
G LÐwUi ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
GwgwiUvm© cÖ‡dmi W. wmivRyj n‡Ki AwfgZ Ges Ô‰`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki `„wó‡Z Zdmx‡i
b~iæj †KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡iKwU AwfgZ ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| AZtci Pvi c„ôv
e¨vcx GKwU m~Px cÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ð m~iv evKvivi 253 bs AvqvZ †_‡K G m~ivi
Aewkó Ask I m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi cÖ_g †_‡K 91 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v AšÍf©y³
n‡q‡Q|
†jLK ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL K‡i m~iv evKvivi 253 bs
Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| AZ:ci D³ Avqv‡Zi ZiRgv cÖ`vb K‡i
ÔZdmxiæj †KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v ïiæ K‡ib|2 ïiæ‡ZB wZwb G
Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ c~e©eZx© Avqv‡Zi Kx m¤úK© wQj Zv Ôc~e©eZx© Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úK© Õ
wk‡ivbvg w`‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb- Av‡Mi Avqv‡Zi †klvsk wQj
ÔBbœvKv jvwgbvj gyiQvwjbÕ Z_v (†n †gvnv¤§`!) wbðq Avcwb (Avgvi) ivm~jM‡Yi
Ab¨Zg| †KD †hb GUv g‡b bv K‡i †h, wZwb (mv.) Ab¨ bexM‡Yi gZB GKRb bex;
eis beyqvZ I †imvjvZ cÖvß nIqvi w`K †_‡K mKj bex mgvb n‡jI m¤§vb I
dwRj‡Zi w`K †_‡K †gvnv¤§` (mv.) me©‡kªô| GUv eySv‡bvi Rb¨ Avjøvn cieZx© Avqv‡Z
e‡j‡Qb- ÔwZjKvi iymyjy dvÏvjbv evÕØvûg Avjv evÕ`|Õ Z_v ÔGB imyjMY, Avwg Zv‡ì
G‡Ki Dci Ab¨‡K AwaK ghv©`v cÖ`vb K‡iwQ|Õ wZwb GB Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) Gi †kªô‡Z¡i Dci 17wU AvqvZ I 14wU nv`xm mn †gvU 19 cÖKv‡ii bKjx I
AvKjx cÖgvY ‡ck K‡i‡Qb|3
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 3q LÐ, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨|
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 3-16
G L‡Ð †h‡nZz m~iv evKviv mgvß n‡q‡Q Ges m~iv Av‡j Bgivb Avi¤¢ n‡q‡Q,
†m‡nZz wZwb G L‡Ð GB `yÕm~ivi gv‡S †Kvb& †Kvb& w`K †_‡K mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q Zv AZ¨šÍ
PgrKvi fv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|4 GQvovI GL‡Ð wZwb ÔAvjøvni iv‡n `vb Kivi ZvwM`Õ,5
ÔAvik-Kzimxi weeiYÕ,6 ÔwRwhqv-KiÕ,7 Ôbgiæ` I Zvi ˆmb¨ evwnbxi †kvPbxq
cwiYvgÕ,8 Ô†nKg‡Zi Zvrch©Õ,9 ÔBmjv‡gi D`vi bxwZÕ,10 ÔAvmnv‡e †mvddv&Õ,11
Ôwfÿve„wËi cwiYvgÕ,12 Ômy` cÖ_vi fqven cwibvgÕ,11 ÔL„óvb‡ì evwZj AvwK`vÕ,14
ÔBmjvg cwic~Y© Rxeb-weavbÕ,15 ÔAvjøvni gnee‡Zi Zvrch©Õ,16 ÔnhiZ gwiq‡gi
êwkó¨Õ,17 mn Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
4. wZwb e‡jb- m~iv evKviv Ges m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi g‡a¨ Z‡Ë¡i w`K †_‡K AwZ my›ì mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q|
GK. m~iv evKvivq †ZŠwn‡ì mZ¨Zvi Dci `wjj †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi Avj Bgiv‡b Iqvn`vwbqv‡Zi
Dci hveZxq m‡›`n `yi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`yB. m~iv evKvivq gvbe m„wói K_v †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi Av‡j Bgiv‡b gvZ…M‡f© gvby‡li AvK…wZ`v‡bi
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
wZb. m~iv evKvivq Av`g (Av.) Gi m„wói BwZ K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Avi Av‡j Bgiv‡b Av`g mšÍv‡bi
BwZe„Ë ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Pvi. m~iv evKviv ïiæi w`‡K gvZv-wcZvnxb Av`g (Av.) Gi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi Av‡j Bgiv‡bi
ïiæi w`‡K wcZvnxb Bmv (Av.) Gi Av‡jvPbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
cvuP. m~iv evKviv‡Z †`vh‡Li weeiY w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q ‫ اﻋﺪت ﻟﻠﻜﺎ ﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬Z_v †`vhL Kv‡di‡ì Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z
ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avi Av‡j Bgiv‡b †e‡n‡¯Íi weeiY w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q ‫ اﻋﺪت ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﯿﻦ‬Z_v RvbœvZ
gyËvwK‡ì Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z ivLv n‡q‡Q|
Qq. m~iv evKviv gyËvwKM‡Yi Av‡jvPbv Øviv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Av‡j Bgivb gyËvwK‡ì mdjZvi K_v e‡j
†kl Kiv n‡q‡Q| (cÖv¸³, c„. 154-155)
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 19
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 30
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 40
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 46
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 90
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 103
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 109
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 110
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 114
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 157
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 193
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 224
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 242
PZz_© LÐ
(m~iv Av‡j Bgivb 92 ‡_‡K m~iv wbmv 23 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
PZz_© LÐwU iRe-1408 wn. dvêyb-1394 ev. gvP©-1988 L„. Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ,
XvKv †_‡K me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| GwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` gBbyj Bmjvg,
12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| LÐwU g‡bvig gy`ªvqY 24,
kªxk `vm †jb, XvKv-1100 †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 374 I g~j¨ wQj 175
UvKv|1
G LÐwUi ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I cuvP c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| f~wgKv‡Z gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Zvui G Zvdmxi K‡g©i Rb¨
Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi †ZŠwdK cÖ`vb Kiv‡K AZ¨šÍ webgªwP‡Ë ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb-
Òhw` Avgvi mviv †`n imbvq cwiYZ nq, Avi †mB imbv me©ÿY Avjøvn cv‡Ki †kvKi ¸Rvix‡Z
gk¸j _v‡K, ZeyI Zuvi GB GKwU gvÎ †bqvg‡Zi †kvKiI Av`vq Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e bv|Ó2 wZwb
cweÎ KziAvb‡K gvbe Rxe‡b msMwVZ mKj mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Drm g‡b K‡ib| Z‡e
G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb KziAv‡bi cÖK…Z ggv©_© Dcjw× Kiv| Avi G wPšÍv †_‡KB wZwb G
Zvdmxi K‡g© nvZ w`‡q‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi GKwU
KweZvi jvBb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb-3 ‫ ﻟﻮﺿﺎع ﻋﻘﺎل ﺑﻌﯿﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﺪﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ‬Ôhw` Avgvi
D‡Ui iwk nvwi‡q hvq, Z‡e Avwg Zv-I Avjøvni wKZv‡e †c‡q hve|Õ
G L‡Ði f~wgKv‡Z wZwb Zvui G Zvdmxi MÖš’wU‡K e¨vcK K‡je‡i we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨
DcvË mn †Kb iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb Bj‡g KziAvb
PP©vi cÖ‡Póv AvR cÖvq wejyß| KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Rxeb Movi cÖqvm cÖvq Abycw¯’Z|
AMwYZ mgm¨vi hvZvK‡j wcó AvR Zvgvg wek¦| Avi GB Ae¯’vi Aemvb NUv‡Z n‡j
Avevi wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡e cweÎ KziAv‡bi w`‡K| ZvB GLb cÖ‡qvRb cweÎ KziAv‡bi
gg©v_© AbymÜv‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ cÖqvm| †h Kv‡R gymwjg RvwZi myw`‡bi IjvgvMY Zuv‡ì
mgMÖ Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb|4
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨|
2. cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨
3. cÖv¸³,
4. cÖv¸³,
AZx‡Z A‡bK gbxwl cweÎ KziAv‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| lô
wnRix kZ‡Ki weL¨vZ ZvdmxiKvi Avey Avãyjøvn AvjvDwÏb †gvnv¤§` Be‡b Avãyi
ingvb (g„. 546 wn.) ‡h Zvdmxi iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv 1000 (GK nvRvi) L‡Ð mgvß
n‡qwQj|5 wKš‘ AZ¨šÍ cwiZv‡ci welq GB †h, evsjv fvlvq AvR ch©šÍ Ggb †gŠwjK,
we¯ÍvwiZ I cÖvgvY¨ Zvdmxi MÖš’ iwPZ nqwb| g~jZ: G Rb¨B Zvdmx‡i b~iæj KziAv‡bi
AeZviYv|6
G L‡Ð m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi 1-92 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv wbmvi 1-23 bs AvqvZ
ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv D‡jøL K‡i Zvdmx‡ii bvg I ÔPZz_© LÐÕ
kãwU ‡jLv n‡q‡Q| AZ:ci m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi 92-95 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L
ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|7 G As‡k wZwb nhiZ Avey eKi, Igi
dviæK, Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b gvmD`, Avey Zvjnv, DevB web Kve, Avey gymv AvkAvix
(iv.) I nhiZ nvmvb emix, gyRvwn`, Bgvg ivRx, evqhvex, Bgvg evMex, Avjøvgv Avjymx
I mvbvDjøvn cvwbc_x (i.) mn Av‡iv A‡bK gYxlxi e³e¨ I Zvu‡ì †_‡K ewY©Z Z‡_ï
gva¨‡g D³ AvqvZ ¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|8
wZwb G L‡Ð eì hy‡× gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ Avjøvni mvnvh¨ †cÖiY I Iû` hy‡×
gymjgvb‡ì wech©‡qi KviY ¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|9
5. GLv‡b wZwb Av‡iv K‡qKRb gbxlxi Zvdmxi K‡g©i D`vniY †ck K‡i‡Qb| †hgb- Avey eKi Be‡b
Avãyjøvn (i.) m~iv dv‡Znv I m~iv evKvivi cÖ_g 50 Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb 140 L‡Ð|
Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvix (i.) cweÎ KziAv‡bi †h Zvdmxi wjwce× K‡ib Zv 600 L‡Ð mgvß nq|
Avey Avãyjøvn RvgvjywÏb †gvnv¤§` Be‡b †mvjvBgvb Be‡b nvmvb Be‡b ûmvBb ejLx ( g„. 668 wn.)
cweÎ KziAv‡bi ‡h Zvdmxi iPbv K‡ib Zv 100 L‡Ð mgvß nq| Zvui ZvdmxiwUi bvg nj
ÔAvZZvnixiæ IqvZ& Zvnweiæ wj AvKIqvwj AvB¤§vwZZ Zvdmxi wd gvÔAvbx Kvjvg QvwgB Iqv evwQiÕ|
Bvgvg Mv¾vjx (i.) iwPZ Zvdmxi ÔBqvKzZzZ¨vexjÕ Pwjøk L‡Ð mgvß n‡q‡Q| Rv‡gDj evqvb ev
Zdmx‡i Be‡b Rvixi Zvevix (g„. 310 wn.) 30 L‡Ð mgvß n‡q‡Q| Bgvg dLiæwÏb ivRxi (g„. 606
wn.) gvdvwZûj Mvqe ev Zvdmx‡i KexiI 30 L‡Ð mgvß n‡q‡Q| (†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³)
6. cÖv¸³
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 2-12
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 96,132
G QvovI wZwb G L‡Ð ÔBûw`‡ì PwiÎÕ,10 Ôgvbe Rxe‡b mdjZvi gva¨gÕ,11
ÔD¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`xi êwkó¨Õ,12 Ôgy&ËvwKi cwiPqÕ,13 ÔRvbœvZx‡ì we‡kl ¸YvejxÕ,14 Ôivóª
bvq‡Ki KZ©e¨Õ,15 ÔZvIqv°z‡ji Zvrch©Õ,16 Ô†Lqvb‡Zi cwiYvgÕ,17 ÔGj‡g Mv‡qeÕ,18
ÔRyj‡gi cwiYvgÕ19 I ÔDËivwaKvi m¤úK©xq wewaweavbmnÕ20 Av‡iv A‡bK ¸‡jv

¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
cÂg LÐ
(m~iv wbmv 24 †_‡K 147 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb1 Gi cÂg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv KZ©„K
kvIqvj 1409 wn. êkvL 1396 ev. †g 1989 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| GwUi cÖKvkK
wQ‡jb †gvt gvngy`yj nvmvb, 12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-7| G
LÐwU gyRvwn` wcÖw›Us GÐ c¨v‡KwRs, 14/G ˆKjvm †Nvl †jb, XvKv-1100 †_‡K gyw`ªZ
nq| Gi c„ôv msL¨v 262 I g~j¨ 125 UvKv|1
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wZb c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvwRZ
n‡q‡Q| m~Px c‡Î gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †gvU 120 wU wel‡qi ZvwjKv
†ck K‡i‡Qb| wZwb GL‡Ð m~iv wbmvi 24 bs AvqvZ †_‡K 147 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ
Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ K‡i‡Qb| cÖvi‡¤¢ Zvmwgqv, nvg` I ìæ` kixd Dc¯’vcb KiZ,
Zvdmx‡ii bvg I LÐ bs D‡jøL K‡i m~iv wbmvi 24 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask †jLv
n‡q‡Q| AZci ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZiRgvi fvlv AZ¨šÍ mvejxj I
cÖvÄj| wb‡gœ m~iv wbmvi 24 bs Avqv‡Zi ZiRgv Zz‡j aiv nj-2
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 27
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 66
12. cÖv¸³, c„.
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 114
14. cÖv¸³, c„.
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 187
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 192
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 197
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 242
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 253
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 342-346
21. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 5g LÐ, 1989 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ i c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
ÔAvi †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ nvivg †m mg¯Í igbxMY, hv‡ì ¯^vgx eZ©gvb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e hv‡ì †Zvgiv gvwjK
n‡qQ, Zviv †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ nvivg bq| GwU †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Avjøvni Av‡`k| GQvov Ab¨ igbxMY
†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ nvjvj| †hb †Zvgiv ¯^xq A_© m¤ú‡ì wewbg‡q Zv‡ì‡K Ki‡Z cvi| (mveavb!)
e¨vwfPv‡i wjß n‡qvbv| AbšÍi †Zvgiv D³ igbxMY †_‡K †h DcKvi jvf K‡iQ †mRb¨ Zv‡ì‡K
wbw`©ó †gvnivbv Av`vq Ki Ges †gvnivbv wba©vwiZ nIqvi ciI †h wel‡q †Zvgiv ci¯úi m¤§Z nI
Zv‡Z †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb ¸bvn †bB| wbðqB Avjøvn cvK gnvÁvbx, weÁvbgq|Õ3
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) G m~ivi 34 bs AvqvZ-
‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻗﻮاﻣﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ اﷲ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
ÔcyiælMY bvixM‡Yi Dci ÿgZvevb| †Kbbv, AvjøvncvK Zv‡ì G‡Ki Dci Ab¨‡K
†kªôZ¡ `vb K‡i‡Qb|4 Gi e¨vL¨vq Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv cyiælMY‡K bvixM‡Yi Dci †Kb
†kªôZ¡ `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv hyw³ I Z‡_ï5 wfwË‡Z AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
5. cyiæ‡li cÖvavb¨: cyiælMY‡K bvixM‡Yi Dci cÖvavb¨ ‡`qvi A‡bK¸‡jv KviY i‡q‡Q, †hgb-
GK. cyiæl‡ì Ávb-eyw× †g‡q‡ì †P‡q †ekx|
`yB. KwVb `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î cyiæ‡li mÿgZv bvixi Zzjbvq †ekx|
wZb. mgv‡Ri †bZ…Z¡ ev BgvgZ cyiæl‡ìB ‰ewkó¨|
Pvi. ibv½‡b wRnv` cyiælMYB K‡i _v‡K|
cuvP. gmwR‡` BÔ†ZKvd Kivi AbygwZ cyiælMY‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q|
Qq. cvðvZ¨ M‡elKMY G Z_Ï cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb †h, bvixi ˆ`wnK ˆ`N©¨ cyiæ‡li ˆ`wnK ˆ`‡N¨©i
Zzjbvq M‡o evi †mw›UwgUvi Kg|
mvZ. mgeqmx cyilM‡Yi Zzjbvq bvixM‡Yi IRb M‡o cuvP wK‡jvMÖvg Kg|
AvU. cyiæ‡li gvsm‡ckxi ¯ú›`b bvixi Zzjbvq `ªæZ, Zxeª I kw³kvjx|
bq. cyiæ‡li ü`hš¿ A‡cÿv bvixi ü`hš¿ M‡o lvU MÖvg †QvU|
`k. cyiæl N›Uvq M‡o 11 MÖvg Kve©b R¡vjvq| bvix R¡vjvq gvÎ Qq MÖvg| ZvB bvixi ¯^vfvweK DËvc
cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg|
GMvi. cÖL¨vZ `vk©wbK wg: MvBWb e‡jb, bvixi eyw× †hgb cyiæ‡li eyw× A‡cÿv `ye©j, †Zgwb Zvi
Abyf~wZI cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq h‡_ó Kg|
evi. †h cwigvY Lyk‡ev GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY `~i n‡Z bvix Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i, cyiæl H cwigvY Lyk‡ev
Gi wØ¸Y cwigvY `~i n‡Z Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i|
‡Zi. cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixi ¯^v` Ges kªeY kw³ A‡bK `~e©j|
GL‡Ð wZwb wcZv-gvZv, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, GwZg-wgmwKb, cÖwZ‡ekx I kªwg‡Ki

AwaKv‡ii Dci we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|6 GQvovI Ô‡bKKvi ¯¿xi êwkó¨Õ,7
ÔAvLiv‡Zi wPÎÕ,8 ÔZvqv¤§y‡gi weavbÕ,9 ÔAvgvbZ`vixZvÕ,10 Ômvjv‡gi cÖPjbÕ,11
Ôw`qv‡Zi eY©bvÕ,12 ÔwRnv‡ì Zvrch©Õ,13 I ÔwnRi‡Zi ¸iæZ¡Õ14 mn Av‡iv A‡bK ¸‡jv
wel‡q GL‡Ð wZwb we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
lô LÐ
( m~iv wbmv 148 †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv gvwq`v 1 †_‡K 82 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ )
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgybj Bmjvg (i.) weiwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕi lô
LÐwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt gBbyj Bmjvg, 12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| GB LÐwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm, 10 nvU‡Lvjv †ivW, XvKv-3
†_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡q Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K iweDmmvbx-1410wn. KvwZ©K-1396 ev.
b‡f¤î-1989 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|1 GwUi c„ôv msL¨v 338 I gyj¨ 175 UvKv|
‡PŠÏ. cÖ‡dmi jyg‡eªvR mywR© e‡jb- bvixi Abyf~wZ kw³I cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq Kg‡Rvi| GUv Zv‡ì cÖwZ
m„wóKZ©vi we‡kl GKwU Kiæbv| bv nq AšÍmZ¡v Ae¯’vq I cÖmeKvjxb hš¿bvi †m AwZgvÎvq KvZi
n‡q †hZ|
c‡bi. cyiæ‡li †eªB‡bi IRb bvixi †eªB‡bi Zzjbvq GKkZ MÖvg †ekx| cyiæ‡li ‡eªB‡bi kw³ Zvi †`‡ni
Zzjbvq Pwjøk fv‡Mi GKfvM; cÿvšÍ‡i bvixi ‡eªB‡bi kw³ Zvi †`‡ni Zzjbvq cqZvwjøk fv‡Mi
GKfvM|
‡lvj. cyiæ‡li †eªB‡bi IRb M‡o mv‡o DbcÂvk AvDÝ; cÿvšÍ‡i bvixi †eªB‡bi IRb gvÎ Pzqvwjøk
AvDÝ| G ZviZg¨wU mvgwqK bq, eis m„wóMZ, wPišÍb I k¦vk¦Z|
(gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 34-36)
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 45-50
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 36
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 56
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 64
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 95
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 151
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 168
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 180
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 189
1. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 6ô LÐ, 1989 L„. c„. f~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨
†jLK G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Qq c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ
ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb| f~wgKv‡Z wZwb ivm~j (mv.) Gi Rb¥Kvwjb mg‡q Z`vwbšÍb Avi‡ei
Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v wKiƒc wQj I ivm~j (mv.) Gi R‡b¥i w`‡b wK wK A‡jŠwKK NUbvi
AeZviYv n‡qwQj,2 G¸‡jvi eY©bv ms‡ÿ‡c Zz‡j a‡ib| AZci H AÜKvi mgvR‡K
ivm~j (mv.) KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡Z wKfv‡e Av‡jvwKZ K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb Zvi GKwU bvwZ`xN©
Av‡jvPbvI wZwb f~wgKvq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ eZ©gvb c„w_exi gvbyl cyuwRev` I
mgvRZ‡š¿i hvZvK‡j wKfv‡e wcô n‡”Q c~e© Rvgv©bx, nv‡½ix, †cvj¨vÐ I ‡mvwf‡qZ
BDwbq‡bi D`vniY †U‡b wZwb GKwU chv©‡jvPbv I G‡Z Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|3 Avi
KziAvbB †h G AkvšÍ c„w_ex‡K Avev‡iv kvwšÍ w`‡q f‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| cÖvÄj Dc¯’vcbvq
GUvB wQj Zvi G f~wgKvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨|
G L‡Ð m~iv wbmvi 148 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ I m~iv gvwq`vi 1-82 bs
AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg`, I ìæ` kixd wj‡L
Zvdmx‡ii bvg I Ôlô LÐÕ K_vwU D‡jøL c~e©K m~iv wbmvi 148 bs AvqvZ †_‡K 152 bs
ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask ‡jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G
As‡ki Zvdmx‡i wZwb ÔRv‡j‡gi weiæ‡× Awf‡hv‡Mi AbygwZÕ, ÔAvqv‡Zi gg©K_vÕ,
ÔmrKvR: cÖKv‡k¨ ev ‡Mvc‡bÕ,ÔAvqv‡Zi Ab¨ GKwU A_©Õ I ÔCgvb KLb Keyj †hvM¨
nq?Õ BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg eënvi K‡i‡Qb Ges G wk‡ivbvg ¸‡jvi Aax‡b Dchy³ wel‡q
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|4 Zvui G Awfbe Zvdmxi c×wZ cvV‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ó
K‡i _v‡K Ges Zvdmxi cv‡V g‡b GK¸‡qwgi mÂvi nq bv|
G L‡Ð nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Gi e¨vcv‡i Bûw`‡ì wb›`bxq f~wgKv, Zuvi Avmgv‡b
Mgb I eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb, Cmvqx‡ì wewfbœ †diKv, nhiZ Cmv (Av.) m¤ú‡K© fwel¨Øvbx,
nhiZ Cmv (Av.) m¤ú‡K© Bmjvgx AvwK`v I nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Gi cyb:AvMg‡bi
†nKgZ BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q GMvi c„ôv e¨vcx we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|5
2. ivm~j (mv:) Gi AvMg‡bi w`b cvim¨ ivRvi ivRgn‡ji K‡qKwU BU L‡m c‡owQj| †ivgK mgªv‡Ui
wmsnvmb †Ku‡c D‡VwQj| (cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
3. cÖv¸³
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 1-9
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 16-26
G L‡Ð gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) m~iv gv‡q`vi 38 bs Avqv‡Zi
‫ اﻟﺴﺎرق واﻟﺴﺎرﻗﺔ ﻓﺎﻗﻄﻌﻮا اﯾﺪﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬Ô‡Pvi cyiæl I bvix Df‡qiB nvZ †K‡U `vIÕ Gi
e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Ges G weavbwUi we‡ivwaZvKvix‡ì Reve cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb|6 Avi †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUvi Rb¨ Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi wba©vwiZ kZ©vejxI wZwb
mwe¯Ív‡i Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|7
GQvovI GL‡Ð Ô‡Kvb mgq Cgvb MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq bvÕ,8 ÔAvw¤^qv‡q †Kivg I

Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei msL¨vÕ,9 ÔcweÎ KziAv‡bi êwkó¨Õ,10 Ôiæ‡ni e¨vL¨vÕ,11 Ôweev‡ni
¸iæZ¡Õ,12 ÔZvKIqv-ci‡nRMvixÕ,13 ÔBû`x bvmviv‡ì cwiYvgÕ,14
6. Avie¨ Kwe Aveyj Avjv †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUv m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jb ‡h, GKwU nv‡Zi ÿwZc~iY †h Bmjvgx
Av`vj‡Z 500 ¯^Y©gy`ªv wba©viY K‡i Avevi †mB Av`vj‡Z `k wìnvg Pzwi Ki‡j G g~jëvb nvZ KvUv
hvq| GUv wKfv‡e nq? GK_vi Rev‡e KvRx Avãyj Inve gv‡jKx wj‡L‡Qb:
‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻣﯿﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻤﯿﻨﺔ وﻟﻤﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﺖ ھﺎ ﻧﺖ‬
ÔhZÿY G nvZwU AvgvbZ`vi wQj, ZZÿY G nvZwU wQj g~jëvb, wKš‘ hLb †m †LqvbZ K‡i‡Q,
ZLb Zv AcgvwbZ n‡q‡Q|Õ (cÖv¸³, c„. 230)
7. †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUvi Rb¨ KwZcq kZ© i‡q‡Q-
GK. †Pvi cÖvß eq®‹ I AvKjevb n‡Z n‡e| AZGe wkï, cvMj I gvZv‡ji Dci ewY©Z kvw¯Í cÖ‡qvM Kiv
n‡e bv|
`yB. Pzwi †Mvc‡b msMwVZ n‡Z n‡e| Rei`w¯Í K‡i ev cÖKv‡k¨ †Kvb wRwbm wb‡q †M‡j Ab¨ kvw¯Í n‡e;
wKš‘ nvZ KvUv hv‡e bv|
wZb. Pzwi nIqv m¤ú` gvwjKvbvq _vK‡Z n‡e| ZvB Kvdb †Pvi‡K nvZ KvUvi kvw¯Í †`qv hv‡e bv|
Pvi. AwZ Avcb Rb Z_v ¯^vgx-¯¿x, gvZv-wcZv, fvB-‡evb cÖgy‡Li m¤ú` Pzwi Ki‡j nvZ KvUv hv‡e bv|
cuvP. kwiKvbv gvj Pzwi Ki‡j nvZKvUv hv‡e bv|
Qq. m¤ú` msiwÿZ n‡Z n‡e| hw` m¤ú` msiwÿZ bv nq, Zvn‡j †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUvi weavb Kvh©Ki n‡e
bv|
mvZ. †Kvb e¨w³ hw` K‡qKevi Pzwii ci †MÖdZvi nq GKeviB nvZ KvUv n‡e| Z‡e kvw¯Íi ci Avevi Pzwi
Ki‡j AveviI kvw¯Í †`qv n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i `v‡i KzZbx eY©bv K‡ib- nhiZ Rv‡ei (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z,
ivm~j (mv.) GKRb †Pv‡ii e¨vcv‡i GKnvZ KvUvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| wKQz w`b ci †m Avevi Pzwi Kij,
Gevi Zvi GK cv †K‡U †djvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| wKQz w`b ci H e¨w³ cybivq Pzwi Kij, ivm~j (mv.)
Zvi wØZxq nvU †K‡U †djvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| wKQz w`b ci †m Avevi Pzwi K‡i aiv coj, ivm~j (mv.)
Zv‡K nZ¨v Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| (cÖv¸³, c„. 233-235)
8. cÖv¸³ c„. 29
9. cÖv¸³ c„. 40, 42
10. cÖv¸³ c„. 51
11. cÖv¸³ c„. 60
12. cÖv¸³ c„. 124
13. cÖv¸³ c„. 137
14. cÖv¸³ c„. 163
ÔZvIqv°z‡ji Zvrch©Õ,15 ÔD¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§w`qvi êwkó¨Õ,16 Ônvwej Kvwe‡ji NUbvÕ,17
ÔIqvwmjvn k‡ãi e¨vL¨vÕ,18 ÔnhiZ Igi (iv.) Gi Av`vjZÕ,19 ÔgyiZv‡ì kvw¯ÍÕ,20 I
ÔBmjvg ÿgv I J`v‡h©i ag©Õ21 BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mßg LÐ
(m~iv gvwq`vi 83bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv AvbÕAv‡gi 1 †_‡K 110bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
mßg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv ‡_‡K kvevb-1410 wn. dvêyb 1396 ev. gvP©
1990 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| G LÐwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt knx`yj Bmjvg Zv‡iK,
12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| GwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm,
10, nvU‡Lvjv, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1Gi c„ôv msL¨v 310 I g~j¨ 175 UvKv| G L‡Ði
ïiæ‡Z 8 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 4 c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| f~wgKv‡Z
ivm~j (m.) Gi hyM †_‡K †PŠÏkZ wnRix kZvãx ch©šÍ Bj‡g Zvdmxi PP©vi †ÿ‡Î huviv
Abe`¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì mswÿß cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|2
15. cÖv¸³ c„. 191

16. cÖv¸³ c„. 195
17. cÖv¸³ c„. 203
18. cÖv¸³ c„. 224
19. cÖv¸³ c„. 243
20. cÖv¸³ c„. 283
21. cÖv¸³ c„. 307
1. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 7g LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1990 L„.
c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. Zvdmxi wekvi`M‡Yi aviv ci¤úiv: ivm~j (mv.) wb‡RB wQ‡jb cweÎ KziAv‡bi RxešÍ e¨vL¨v| gv
Av‡qkv wQwÏKvn (iv.) G cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb ÔZuvi gnvb Rxeb PwiÎ wQj cweÎ KziAvbÕ| mvnvevM‡Yi
gv‡S huviv cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii e¨vcv‡i L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Qb Zuviv n‡jb- †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb,
nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm, Be‡b gvmD`, DevB web KvÕe, hv‡q` web mvweZ, Avãyjøvn Be‡b hyevBi I Avey
gymv AvkÔAvix (iv.)| Zv‡eCM‡Yi g‡a¨ weL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY n‡jb- nhiZ AvjKvgv, Avgi web
kvinxj, mvC` web hyevBi, Beªvnxg bvLqx, kvÔex, gyRvwn`, AvKivgv, nvmvb emix I KvZv`vn (i.)
cÖgyL| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zviv n‡jb- nhiZ mvC` web hyevBi, Aveyj
Avjxqv, †gvnv¤§` Be‡b KvÕe, AvZv web Avwe iæevn, nvmvb emix I AvKivgv (i.) cÖgyL|
m~iv gvwq`vi 83 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv AvbÕAv‡gi 1 †_‡K 110 bs
AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmxi G L‡Ð AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg` I ìæ` kixd
D‡jøL c~e©K Zvdmx‡ii bvg I mßg LÐ K_vwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zvici m~iv gvwq`vi 83
†_‡K 86 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|3
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) m~iv gvwq`vi 89 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Kmg ev
kc_ Gi gvmAvjv-gvmvwqj mg~n mvZ c„ôv e¨vcx Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb GLv‡b Kmg
Kivi wbqg, Kmg f‡½i Kvddviv Ges GZ`&msµvšÍ wel‡q AvB¤§v‡q †Kiv‡gi
GL‡Zjvd mg~n I wdKnx gvmv‡q‡ji wewfbœ w`K we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|4
Zv‡e ZveCM‡Yi g‡a¨ huviv Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ Abe`¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zuviv n‡jb- Avey Avgi Bebyj
Avjv, †kvÔev Bebyj nv¾vR, Bgvg gv‡jK, BDbym Be‡b nvexe Ges IKx Bebyj hviiv (i.) cÖgyL|
wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY n‡jb- Avey Iev‡q` Kv‡mg Be‡b mvjvg (g„. 223 wn.),
evKx Be‡b †gvLvjøv` KziZzex (g„. 276 wn.) I Avey †gvnv¤§` mvnvj Be‡b Avãyjøvn AvZ&ZvmZix (g„.
283 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix PZz_© kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydmwmiMY n‡jb Be‡b Rvixi Zvevix (g„. 310 wn.),
Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvix (g„. 324 wn.) I Avey gbmyi gvZzwi`x (g„. 333 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix cÂg
kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY n‡jb- Avey Ave`yi ingvb †gvnv¤§` Be‡b ûmvBb (g„. 412 wn.) I Avey
BmnvK Avng` Be‡b †gvnv¤§` Beªvnxg Avm&mvjex (g„. 427 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix lô kZvãxi weL¨vZ
gydvm&wmiMY n‡jb- Avey †gvnv¤§` †nvmvBb Beby gvmD`yj †Kviiv Avj evMx (g„. 516 wn.) I gvngy`
Be‡b Igi RvgvLkvix (g„. 528 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix mßg kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY n‡jb- Bgvg
dLiæÏxb †gvnv¤§` Be‡b Igi ivRx (g„. 606 wn.), Avey eKi gwnDÏxb Be‡b Avivex (g„. 636 wn.),
Avey Avãyjøvn †gvnv¤§` Be‡b Avwe evKi Avj KziZzex (g„. 671 wn.) I KvRx bvwmi DÏxb evqhvex
(g„. 682 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix Aóg kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY n‡jb- nv‡dh Avãyjøvn Be‡b Avng`
Avb bvmvdx (g„.701wn.) I nv‡dh Aveyj wd`v BmgvBj Bgv`yÏxb Be‡b Kvmxi (g„.700wn.) cÖgyL|
wnRix beg kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY n‡jb- Avey Rv‡q` Avãyi ingvb Be‡b †gvnv¤§` AvZ Avex
(g„. 876 wn.) I †kL eyinvb DÏxb Beªvnxg Avj evKvix (g„. 883 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix `kg kZvãxi
cÖL¨vZ gydvm&wmiMY n‡jb- Avjøvgv RvjvjywÏb myq~Zx (g„. 911 wn.) I Aveym mvD` Be‡b †gvnv¤§` Avj
Ggv`x (g„. 982 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix GMvik kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvm&wmiMY n‡jb- Aveyj d‡qR dqRx
(g„. 1004 wn.) I †gvjøv Avjx K¡vix (g„. 1010 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix evik kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvmwmiMY
n‡jb- mvB‡q` nv‡mg †evinvbx (g„. 1107 wn.) I ‡kL BmgvCj nv°x (g„. 1127 wn.) cÖgyL| wnRix
‡Zik kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvm&wmiM‡Yi g‡a¨- KvRx mvbvDjøvn cvwbc_x (g„. 1225 wn.), KvRx †gvnv¤§`
Be‡b Avjx Avk kvIKvbx (g„. 1250 wn.) I †gvnv¤§` Avãyjøvn Avjymx (g„. 1270 wn.) we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avi wnRix ‡PŠÏk kZvãxi weL¨vZ gydvm&wmiM‡Yi g‡a¨- Avjøvgv RvInvix ZvbZvex,
mvB‡q` KzZze knx`, Avkivd Avjx _vbex, gydwZ †gvnv¤§` kdx, gvIjvbv wkweŸi Avng` Imgvbx
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
(gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, MÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 15-21
wZwb Zuvi G Zvdmx‡ii A‡bK ¯’v‡b wewfbœ dvmx© I D`y© KweZvi Pi‡Yi D×„wZ
eënvi K‡i Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v‡K AwaKZi my¯úó Kivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb| †hgb- m~iv
AvbÔAv‡gi 52 bs AvqvZ Ô(†n ivm~~j!) hviv mKvj mÜvq Zv‡ì cÖwZcvjK‡K Wv‡K
Zuvi mš‘wó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨, Avcwb Zv‡ì‡K gRwjk †_‡K Zvwo‡q w`‡eb bv|Õ G
Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq wZwb nhiZ Avãyj Kv‡ì wRjvbx (i.) Gi KweZvi `yÕwU PiY D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb-
‫ﻧﮫ ﺧﻮاھﻢ ﺧﻮ ﺑﻲ دﯾﻨﺎﻧﮫ ﺧﻮاھﻢ راﺣﺖ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻛﺮ ﺧﻮاھﻢ ﺗﺮا ﺧﻮاھﻢ ﻧﮫ ﺧﻮاھﻢ ﺑﺎرغ رﺿﻮان را‬
Ô‡n Avjøvn! †Zvgvi wbKU `ywbqvi †Kvb †mŠ›`h© PvBbv| Avi Av‡Liv‡Zi †Kvb
AvigI PvBbv| hw` Avwg wKQz PvB Z‡e †Zvgvi wbKU ïay †Zvgv‡KB PvB|Õ5
‡kL dwi` DwÏb AvËvi e‡j‡Qb-
‫ﺣﺐ دروﯾﺸﺎن ﻛﻠﯿﺪ ﺟﻨﺖ اﺳﺖ‬
‫وﺷﻦ اﯾﺸﺎن ﺳﺮاﺗﻲ ﻟﻌﻨﺖ اﺳﺖ‬
Ôì‡ek‡ì cÖwZ fvjevmv nj Rvbœv‡Zi Pvwe, Avi Zv‡ì cÖwZ kÎæZv nj
jvbZ|Õ6
GQvovI wZwb G L‡Ð ÔgvbZ gvbv cÖm½Õ,7 Ôg`¨cv‡bi ÿwZi w`KÕ,8 ÔGev`Z Keyj
nIqvi kZ©Õ,9 Ô‡kvK‡ii Zvrch©Õ,10 ÔRvZxq H‡Kï ¸iæZ¡Õ11 I ÔGnmv‡bi Zvrch©Õ12
BZ¨vw`mn Av‡iv A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 172

6. cÖv¸³, c„. 171
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 22
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 30
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 171
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 200
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 205
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 258
Aóg LÐ
(m~iv AvbAv‡gi 111 †_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ I m~iv Aviv‡di 1 †_‡K 7 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
Aóg LÐwU †m‡Þ¤î, 1990 L„. Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|
GwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt gyCbyj Bmjvg, 12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi,
XvKv-1207| G LÐwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm, nvU †Lvjv †ivW, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi
c„ôv msL¨v 319 I g~j¨ 175 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z cuvP c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ
n‡q‡Q| G f~wgKv‡Z †jLK cweÎ KziAvb Kx Kvi‡Y ivm~j (mv.) Gi me‡P‡q eo
gyÔwRhv wn‡m‡e Ijvgv‡q D¤§v‡Zi wbKU ¯^xK…Z, Zv ms‡ÿ‡c Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|2 G L‡Ð m~iv
AvbÔAv‡gi 111 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv Aviv‡di 1 †_‡K 87 bs AvqvZ
ch©šÍ Abyev` I Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL
c~e©K Zvdmx‡ii bvg I ÔAóg LÐÕ K_vwU wjLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv AvbÔAv‡gi 111-
113 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex AskUzKz wj‡L Zvi Abyev` I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G As‡k
wZwb Ôn° I evwZ‡ji msNl© hy‡M hy‡MÕ wk‡ivbv‡g mZ¨ wg_¨vi wPiKvjxb Ø›Ø †K cweÎ
KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi D×„wZ eënvi K‡i we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
1. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 8g LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk,
1990 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cweÎ KziAvb ivm~j (mv.) Gi RxešÍ gyÔwRhv, KviY:
GK. KziAvb †h fwel¨Øvbx K‡i‡Q †m¸‡jv cieZx©Kv‡j ev¯Í‡e mZ¨ cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
`yB. KziAv‡b ewY©Z c~e©Kv‡ji NUbvejxi eY©bv cÖZ¨ÿ`kx©i eY©bvi gZ|
wZb. KziAvb gvby‡li g‡bi K_v e‡j †`q|
Pvi. KziAv‡bi GK Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ Av‡iK Avqv‡Zi GKwU Awfbe m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Avqv‡Zi
¯^Zš¿ e³e¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I GKwU K_vi mv‡_ Av‡iKwU K_vi PgrKvi mshyw³ i‡q‡Q|
cuvP. KziAv‡bi fvlvi AjsKvi, fv‡ei D”Qvm AwØZxq I Abb¨|
Qq. KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Z †h AmvaviY Z…wß I Avb›` cvVK Abyfe K‡i Zv AKíbxq I fvlvq cÖKv‡ki
Amva¨|
mvZ. kÖæwZ gayiZvq cweÎ KziAvb Abb¨ I Abe`¨|
AvU. KziAv‡bi wZjvIqv‡Z cvVK I †kªvZvi AšÍ‡i †Lv`v fxwZi †h cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq, Zv AZ¨šÍ
we®§qKi|
bq. KziAv‡bi e³‡eï fvlv AwZ mswÿß A_P cwic~Y©|
`k. evievi cV‡b cyivZb nq bv, cvVK K¬vwšÍ Abyfe K‡ibv|
(gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
m~iv AvbÔAv‡gi 122 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq wZwb e‡jb- gvbyl LvIqv-civi Rb¨
†eu‡P _vK‡ebv eis †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ LvIqv-civ MÖnY Ki‡e| cvbvnvi, wekªvg Avi
Avb›`-Djøvm †K Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ evbv‡ebv eis Zvi mªóvi mš‘wó AR©b‡KB Rxe‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ evbv‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ mªóv‡K Zuvi AvbyM‡Zï gva¨‡g Lykx Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †m
RxweZ †_‡KI g„Z|4 G cÖm‡½ wZwb gvIjvbv iægxi KweZvi `yÕwU PiY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb-
‫زﻧﺪﻛﻲ ازﺑﮭﺮ ﻃﺎﻋﺖ وﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻲ اﺳﺖ – زﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻲ ﺷﺮﻣﻨﺪﻛﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ادﻣﯿﺖ ﻟﺤﻢ و ﺷﺤﻢ و ﯾﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ – ادﻣﯿﺖ ﺧﺒﺮرﺿﺎﻛﻲ دوﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
ÔRxeb nj Avjøvncv‡Ki cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ I e‡›`Mxi Rb¨| e‡›`Mx e¨ZxZ wR‡›`Mx j¾v ê
wKQzB bq| †Mv¯Í Ges Pg©B gvbyl¨ bq, Avjøvn cv‡Ki mš‘wó e¨ZxZ gvbeZvi DrKl©
mvab Am¤¢e|Õ5
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) m~iv AvbÕAv‡gi 128 bs AvqvZ Ô‡mw`b
AvjøvncvK Gikv` Ki‡eb- †`vhLB †Zvgv‡ì evm¯’vb| †Zvgiv Zv‡Z wPiw`b _vK‡e|Õ
G As‡ki e¨vL¨vq Kv‡diI gykwiK‡ì Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv †h Rvnvbœvg‡K wPi¯’vqx
Avevm¯’j wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ cweÎ KyiAv‡bi 57 wU AvqvZ
Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|6 GQvovI GL‡Ð wZwb ÔGwZ‡gi nKÕ,7 ÔwmivZzj †gv¯ÍvKx‡gi
e¨vL¨vÕ,8 ÔwKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZÕ,9 Ô`v¾v‡ji ‡drbvÕ,10 ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ,11 ÔAvg‡ji IRb
cÖm‡½Õ,12 ÔZvKIqvi †cvlvKÕ,13 ÔKvw`qvbx‡ì c_ åóZvÕ14 I ÔwRwK‡ii cÖKviÕ15
BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 24
5. D×„Z: cÖv¸³, c„. 25
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 39-42
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 104
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 108
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 121
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 123
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 126
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 161
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 196
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 220
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 265
beg LÐ
(m~iv Aviv‡di 88 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ I m~iv Avbdv‡ji 1-40 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
beg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ-XvKv KZ…©K †cŠl-1397 ev./ Rgvw`Dj AvDqvj-
1411 wn./ wW‡m¤î-1990 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| GwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt gvngy`yj
nvmvb, 12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv| GwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm,
10, nvU‡Lvjv, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡qwQj|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 336 I g~j¨ wQj 175 UvKv|
GL‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 3 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 3 c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ
n‡q‡Q| LÐwU‡Z m~iv Aviv‡di 88 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv Avbdv‡ji 1-40
bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmxi AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg&` ìæ` kixd,
Zvdmx‡ii bvg I Ôbeg LÐÕ K_vwU D‡jøL K‡i m~iv Aviv‡di 88 I 89 bs Avqv‡Z
Aviex Ask wjLv n‡q‡Q| AZci h_vixwZ ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|2
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) m~iv Aviv‡di GKkZ bs AvqvZ ÔAvwg
B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡ì‡K kvw¯Í w`‡Z cvwi Ges Zv‡ì AšÍ‡i †gvni G‡U w`‡Z cvwiÕ Gi
e¨vL¨vq e‡jb: hviv mZ¨‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Ges bexMY‡K wg_¨vÁvb K‡i, mZ¨‡K ey‡S
ï‡bI Zv A¯^xKvi K‡i Zv‡ì AšÍi‡K Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv †gvnivw¼Z K‡i †`b| ZvB mZ¨
Zv‡ì AšÍ‡ii `yqvi w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i bv| Avi ev¯ÍeZv nj m‡Zï AvnŸvb‡K AšÍ‡ii
Kvb w`‡qB ïb‡Z nq; GwU Pvgovi Kv‡bi KvR bq| G cÖm‡½ wZwb gvIjvbv iægx (i.)
Gi AZ¨šÍ g~jëvb `yÕwU KweZvi3 AskI GLv‡b Zz‡j a‡iQb|
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 9g LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1990 L„. c„.
Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
3. AšÍ‡ii Kvb w`‡q m‡Zï AvnŸvb ïbv cÖm‡½ gvIjvbv iægx e‡jb-
‫اﯾﻦ ﺳﺨﻦ ازﻛﻮش دل ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷﻨﻮد‬
‫ﻛﻮش ﻛﻞ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺪارد ھﯿﺢ ﺳﻮد‬
ÔGB K_vwU AšÍ‡ii KY© Øviv kªeY Ki‡Z nq, ïay P‡g©i KY© GLv‡b DcKvix nq bv|Õ
‫ﻛﻮش ﺳﺮﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان ھﻤﺪم اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻮش ﺳﺮﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻧﺴﻞ ادم اﺳﺖ‬
Ôgv_vi m‡½ †h KY© i‡q‡Q Zv‡Zv mKj cÖvYxiB Av‡Q, wKš‘ AšÍ‡ii †Mvcb KY© ïay gvby‡liB
êwkó¨|Õ
(gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 17)
nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi mv‡_ †diÔAvDb †h weZK© K‡iwQj Ges Zvi †`‡ki
hv`yKi‡ì4 mg‡eZ K‡i nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq wjß K‡iwQj G
NUbvwUI GL‡Ð AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|5 GL‡Ð wZwb m~iv Avbdv‡ji
9bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq e`‡ii hy‡× ivm~j (mv.) I mvnvevM‡Yi (iv.) cÖv_©bvi ci Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv †h †d‡i¯Ív cvwV‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb Zv we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb: nhiZ wReªvCj (Av.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi Wvb cv‡k¦© cuvPkZ †d‡i¯Ív wb‡q nvwRi
†_‡K‡Qb, nhiZ wgKvCj (Av.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi evg cv‡k¦© cuvPkZ †d‡i¯Ív wb‡q nvwRi
†_‡K‡Qb| †d‡i¯ÍvMY mv`v †cvlv‡K cyiæ‡li †e‡k †Rnv‡` Ask MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|6
GQvovI GL‡Ð ÔnhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi †gv‡Rhvi weeiYÕ,7 Ô‡gv‡Rhv I hv`yi
cv_©K¨Õ,8 Ôebx BmivC‡ji c_ åóZvÕ,9 ÔDw¤§bex K_vwUi e¨vL¨vÕ,10 Ô‡bKKvi nIqvi
c~e©kZ©Õ,11 ÔwRwK‡ii ¸iæZ¡ I AvèÕ,12 ÔCgv‡bi Zvrch©Õ13 mn Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv
¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4. Z`vbxšÍb c„w_ex‡Z wgki wQj hv`y we`¨vi cÖvY †K›`ª| AmsL¨ hv`yKi ILv‡b emevm KiZ| Hw`b nhiZ
gymv (Av.) Gi m¤§y‡L KZRb hv`yKi nvwRi n‡qwQj Zv wb‡q h‡_ó gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q, mvbvDjøvn cvwbcwZ
(i.) e‡jb-
GK. gyKv‡Zj (i.) e‡j‡Qb: mg‡eZ hv`yK‡ii msL¨v wQj 72 Rb, 70 Rb BmivCjx Avi 2 Rb kvgDbx|
`yB. Kvjex (i.) e‡jb: hv`yK‡ii msL¨v wQj 70 Rb|
wZb. KvÔe (i.) e‡jb: hv`yK‡ii msL¨v wQj 12 nvRvi|
Pvi. myÏx (i.) e‡jb: hv`yK‡ii msL¨v wQj 30 nvRv‡ii wKQz †ekx|
cuvP. AvKivgv (i.) e‡jb: hv`yK‡ii msL¨v wQj 70 nvRvi|
Qq. †gvnv¤§` Be‡b gybKv‡ì (i.) e‡jb: hv`yK‡ii msL¨v wQj 80 nvRvi|
(mvbvDjøvn cvwbcwZ, Zvdmx‡i gvRnvix, c„. 362)
5. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 22-60
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 276
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 25
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 43
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 69
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 115
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 225
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 244-246
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 260
`kg LÐ
(m~iv Avbdv‡ji 41bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv ZvIevi 1-93 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
`kg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv †_‡K dvêyb-1397 ev./ kvevb-1411 wn./
gvP©-1991 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| GwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt knx`yj Bmjvg, 12/17
m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv| LÐwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm, 10, nvU‡Lvjv,
XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q|1 c„ôv msL¨v 384 I g~j¨ 200 UvKv|
ïiæ‡Z 9 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 4 c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ n‡q‡Q|
f~wgKv‡Z wZwb cweÎ KziAvb AeZx‡Y©i KviY Kx wQj Zv mwe¯Ív‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡j‡Qb wek¦ gvbeZvi mvweK© Kj¨v‡Yi j‡ÿ¨B G gnvb MÖš’ wek¦bex nhiZ ivm~‡j
Kvixg (mv.) Gi cÖwZ AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| cweÎ KyiAvb nj †kdv I ingZ, wn`vq‡Z Ges
bwmnZ| gymwjg RvwZ hZw`b h_vh_fv‡e cweÎ KziAv‡bi wkÿvi ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q
ZZw`b we‡k¦i †bZ…Z¡ Zuv‡ì nv‡ZB wQj|2 wKš‘ `~f©vMëkZ: †hw`b †_‡K Zviv G `vwqZ¡
cvj‡b Ae‡njv ïiæ K‡i‡Q †mw`b †_‡KB Zv‡ì AebwZ ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
LÐwU‡Z m~iv Avbdv‡ji 41 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ I m~iv ZvIevi 1-93
AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg` I ìæ` kixd wj‡L
Zvdmx‡ii bvg I Ô`kg LÐÕ K_vwU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci-m~iv Avbdv‡ji 41 I
42 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|3
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 10g LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1991 L„. c„.
2. ivm~j (m.) Gi hyM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi †mvbvjx hyM ch©šÍ Bmjvg mviv we‡k¦ GKK fv‡e
cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi K‡iwQj| Gici DgvBqv I AveŸvmxq hy‡M Bmjv‡gi AMÖhvÎv Ae¨vnZ wQj| cweÎ
KziAv‡bi gnvb wkÿvi Kvi‡Y gymwjg RvwZ †h Cgvbx kw³ jvf K‡iwQj Zvi gyKvwejv Kiv c„w_exi Kv‡iv
c‡ÿB m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB Bqvigy‡Ki iYv½‡b 2 jÿ 40 nvRvi cvim¨ ˆmb¨‡K 40 nvRvi gyÕwg‡bi nv‡Z
civwRZ n‡Z n‡q‡Q| Kv‡`wmqvi iYv½‡b gvÎ 8 nvRvi gymjgv‡bi wbKU 60 nvRvi Kv‡di civwRZ
n‡qwQj| †¯ú‡bi ivRv iWvwi‡Ki 1 jÿ ˆmb¨‡K gymwjg exi ZvwiK web whqv` gvÎ 7 nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q
civwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Ggwb fv‡e wmÜz ivRv `vwn‡ii 60 nvRvi ˆmb¨‡K †gvnv¤§` web Kvwmg gvÎ 5 nvRvi
gyÕwgb wb‡q aivkvqx K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| G meB wQj cweÎ KziAv‡bi gnvb wkÿv ev¯Íevq‡bi djkÖæwZ|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
GL‡Ð †jLK m~iv AvZ ZvIevi `~j©f wKQy bvg Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|4 ‡h bvg¸‡jv G
m~ivi ‡gŠwjK‡Z¡i mv‡_ LyeB mvgÄm¨c~Y©| G m~ivi ïiæ‡Z †Kb ÔwemwgjøvnÕ D‡jøL Kiv
nqwb G wb‡qI wZwb we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|5 m~iv ZvIevi 18 bs AvqvZ
(ÔAvjøvni gmwR` †Zv ïay †mB e¨w³B Avev` K‡i †h Cgvb Av‡b Avjøvn I Av‡Liv‡Zi
cÖwZÕ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) eyLvix, gymwjg, Avng`, wZiwgRx I
Be‡b gvRvmn wewfbœ nv`x‡mi wKZv‡ei D×„wZ eënvi K‡i gmwR` Avev` Kivi Zvrch©,
Kviv gmwR` Avev` Ki‡e, gmwR‡ì ¸iæZ¡ I dwRjZ, Kv‡di e¨w³i `vb gmwR‡`
eënvi Kiv hv‡e wK-bv? BZ¨vw` wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|6
GQvovI GL‡Ð Ôgv‡j Mwbg‡Zi Zvrch©Õ,7 ÔAvkªq cÖv_x©i Rb¨ Bmjvgx weavbÕ,8
Ô‡nvbv‡q‡bi hy‡×i NUbvÕ,9 ÔwhwRqv I †Liv‡Ri weavbÕ,10 ÔKv‡di‡ì e¨vcv‡i Bmjv‡gi
bxwZÕ,11 ÔBmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbvÕ,12 ÔZveyK AwfhvbÕ13 I ÔgybvwdK‡ì
cwiYvgÕ14 BZ¨vw` wel‡q mwe¯Ív‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4. G m~ivi GKvwaK bvg i‡q‡Q-
GK. evivAvZ| †Kbbv GB m~ivq Kv‡di‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK©‡”Q‡ì ‡NvlYv †`qv n‡q‡Q|
`yB. ZIev †Kbbv GB m~ivq gymjgvb‡ì K‡qKRb e¨w³i ZIev Keyj nIqvi K_v i‡q‡Q|
wZb. †gvKvkKvkv A_©vr gybv‡dKxi cÖwZ N„Yv m„wóKvix| Be‡b gvi`yq¨vn hv‡q` web Avmjv‡gi m~‡Î eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb †h, Be‡b Igi (iv.) e‡jb: †gvKvkKvkv bvgKi‡Yi KviY nj GB m~iv‡Z gybv‡dKxi cÖwZ
Amš‘wó cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Pvi. †gvevq‡Qiv| Bebyj gyb‡Ri †gvnv¤§` Be‡b Bmnv‡Ki m~‡Î eY©bv K‡i‡Qb: †h‡nZz gvby‡li g‡bi
†Mvcb inm¨ G m~iv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q ZvB G‡K †gvevq‡Qiv ejv n‡q‡Q|
cuvP. Avj eûm| Be‡b Avex nv‡Zg, Zvevivbx Ges nv‡Kg Avey iæk` nveevbxi m~‡Î nhiZ †gK`v`
Be‡b AvmIqv‡ì †_‡K G bvg wU eY©bv K‡ib|
Qq. Avj gvmxiv, Bebyj gybwRi Aveym kvqL Ges Be‡b Avex nv‡Zg KvZv`vi m~‡Î wj‡L‡Qb GB bv‡g G
m~ivi bvgKi‡Yi KviY nj GB m~ivq gybvwdK‡ì Avmj †Pnviv D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q|
mvZ. gybwKjv (AvRve wewkó)
AvU. gy`vgw`gv (aŸsm AvbqbKvix)
bq. m~ivZzj AvRve, nhiZ †nvRvqdv (iv.) e‡jb- †Zvgiv †h m~iv‡K m~ivZzZ ZvIev ej Zv Avm‡j
m~ivZzj AvRve| Avjøvni Kmg! Ggb †KD †bB hvi Dci GB m~iv cÖwZwµqv K‡ibv| Be‡b AveŸvm
(iv.) e‡jb- nhiZ Igi (iv.) GB m~iv‡K m~ivZzj AvRve ej‡Zb|
`k. Avj dv‡Znv, (gybvwdK‡ì‡K) AegvbbvKvix‡ì nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) GB m~ivi G bvgwU
e‡j‡Qb| (gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 97-98)
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 98
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 140-152
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 3
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 115
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 159
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 197
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 200
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 227
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 280
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 292
GKv`k LÐ
(m~iv ZvIevi 94bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv BDbyQ m¤ú~Y© I m~iv û‡ì 1-5 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
GKv`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv KZ…©K Avlvp-1397 ev./ wRjnvR¡-1411
wn./ Ryb 1991 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| G LÐwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt gvngy`yj nvmvb,
12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv| GwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm, 10,
nvU‡Lvjv †ivW, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 c„ôv msL¨v 356 I g~j¨ 200 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 6 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 4 c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvwRZ
n‡q‡Q| f~wgKv‡Z wZwb G Dcgnv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Zvdmx‡ii †L`gZ
†Kvb †mŠfvMëvb e¨w³eM©2 AvÄvg w`‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì GKwU bvwZ`xN© Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| GL‡Ð m~iv ZvIevi 94 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ, myiv BDbym m¤ú~Y© I m~iv
û‡ì 1-5 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmxi AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ`
kixd D‡jøL c~e©K Zvdmx‡ii bvg I ÔGKv`k LÐÕ K_vwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv
ZvIevi 94 I 95 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|3
94 bs AvqvZ Ô(†n ivm~j!) Avcwb hLb Zv‡ì wbKU cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡eb, ZLb Zviv
Avcbvi wbKU evnvbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|Õ Gi e¨vL¨vq gy`vmwmi gybvwdK‡ì e¨vcv‡i
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡`©k4 Kx wQj Zv mwe¯Ív‡i Zz‡j a‡ib|
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 11 Zg LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk 1991 L„. c„.
2. G Dcgnv‡`‡k kvn IqvjxDjøvn †`njfx (i.) me© cÖ_g 1150 wn. cweÎ KziAv‡bi dvmx© fvlvq ZiRgv
†ck K‡ib| Gici kvn Ave`yj Kvwì (i.) 1205 wn. D`©y‡Z KziAv‡bi Abyev` K‡ib| Gici kvn
iwdDwÏb (i.) 1233 wn. D`y©‡Z KziAvb ZiRgv K‡ib| me© cÖ_g dvmx© fvlvq Zvdmxi wjwce× K‡ib
kvn Ave`yj AvRxR (i.) Aek¨ Zv Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hvq| cieZx©‡Z Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (i.) D`y©
fvlvq mswÿß Zvdmxi iPbv K‡ib| Gici Avjøvgv wkweei Avng` Imgvbx, gvIjvbv B`ªxm Kv›`vjfx,
gydwZ ‡gvnv¤§` kdx I gvIjvbv Ave`yj gv‡R` ìxqvev`x (i.) cÖgyL D`y© fvlvq Zvdmxi MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib|
(gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 1-2
4. †h mKj gybvwdK Zvey‡Ki hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡iwb Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡`©‡ki mvivsk
wQj- Ô‡Zvgiv †Kvb wg‡_¨ ARynvZ Avgvi (ivm~‡ji) wbKU †ck K‡ivbv, Avgiv †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb K_v
wek¦vm Kiebv| GLb ïay fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv Ki, †Zvgv‡ì fwel¨Z Kvh©KjvcB †Zvgv‡ì K_vi
mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Ki‡e|Õ (gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 3)
GQvovI GL‡Ði cÖ_g †_‡K 47 bs c„ôv ch©šÍ wZwb wbdvK, gybvwdK‡ì Pwi‡Îi wewfbœ
w`K5 I Zv‡ì cÖwZwôZ ÔgmwR‡` ‡RiviÕ6 wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| G L‡Ði 127 bs
c„ôv ‡_‡K m~iv BDbym Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡gB gydvmwmi c~e©eZx© m~ivi I
G m~ivi †hvMm~Î wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb- c~e©eZx© m~iv ZvIevq gykwiK‡ì
mv‡_ m¤úK©‡”Q‡ì †NvlYv Ges gybvwdK‡ì Aegvbbvi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, G m~ivq
ZvInx` I †imvjvZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G `yÕwU wel‡qi g‡a¨ Ô‡bme‡Z
ZvevDq~bÕ ev êcixZ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|
m~iv ZvIevi †k‡l gybvwdK‡ì KziAvb wb‡q we`ªƒ‡ci K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q,
Avi G m~ivq ÔwKZv‡e nvKxgÕ Gi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| myiv ZvIevq
gybvwdK‡ì Ae¯’v, K_vevZ©v Ges cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi GB m~ivq
Kv‡di I gykwiK‡ì Ae¯’v, K_vevZ©v I cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|7
5. G As‡k gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) gybvwdK‡ì ¯^fveRvZ AvPiY Z_v cÖZviYv, `yÕgy‡Lv
bxwZ I QjPvZzixi eY©bv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| gybvwdK‡ì AwaKvskB g`xbv kix‡di DcK‡Ú emevm
KiZ| hwÌ g`xbv kn‡iI wKQz wKQz gybvwd‡Ki Avevm wQj, Z‡e †gvRvqbv, †Rvnvqbv, AvmRvqv,
Avmjvg Ges †Mdvi †MvÎB AwaKvsk gybvwd‡Ki g~j Avevm¯’j| G QvovI G As‡k wZwb gybvwdK‡ì
`ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Z Avjøvn cÖ`Ë kvw¯Íi e¨vcv‡i we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
(gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.), cÖv¸³, c„. 1-47)
6. ÔgmwR‡` †RiviÕ ˆZixi cwiKíbv wQj gybvwdK‡ì Bmjvg we‡Ølx N„Y¨ loh‡š¿i GKwU ev¯Íe bgybv|
gmwR‡` †Kvevi AbwZ`~‡i cÖ_g mvwii 12 Rb gybvwd‡Ki †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq Avey Av‡gi bvgK Pig
Bmjvg we‡Ølx `yivZ¥vi civgk© gyZvweK Mvbg Be‡b AvId †Mv‡Îi †bZ…‡Z¡ gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ Ø›Ø
Kjn m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ Bmjv‡gi `ykg‡biv ivm~j (mv.) Gi hy‡M gmwR` iƒcx †h NiwU ˆZix K‡iwQj
Zv‡K Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m ÔgmwR‡` †RiviÕ e‡j| gmwR` iƒcx G NiwU wbg©v‡Yi wcQ‡b Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨
wQj GUv‡K Zviv Zv‡ì †Mvcb NuvwU wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡e| †mLv‡b Zviv bvgv‡Ri bv‡g GKwÎZ n‡e
Ges Øxb we‡ivax wewfbœ Kg©m~Px wb‡q kjv-civgk© Ki‡e| h_vixwZ GwU wbg©v‡Yi ci gybvwdK‡ì
GKwU `j ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU G‡m wewfbœ IRi AvcwË †ck K‡i GKwU bZzb gmwR‡ì
cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi evL¨v Dc¯’vcb K‡i Ges `yÔivKvqvZ bvgvh c‡o ivm~j (mv.) †K Zv‡ì G ÔgmwR`Õ
D‡Øvab Kivi Aby‡iva K‡i| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Inxi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì mKj lohš¿ duvm K‡i
w`‡q‡Qb| ivm~j (mv.) `yÕRb mvnvex‡K wb‡`©k w`‡j Zuviv gmwR` iƒcx loh‡š¿i G †K›`ªwU‡K Av¸b
w`‡q cywo‡q †`b|
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 127-130
AZci gydvmwmi m~iv BDby‡Qi c~Y©v½ Zvdmxi avivevwnK fv‡e G L‡Ð Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| GL‡Ði 349 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv û` Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi
e¨vL¨vi ïiæ‡Z wZwb ÔcweÎ KziAv‡bi êwkó¨, I ÔKziAvb bvwh‡ji D‡Ïk¨Õ wk‡ivbv‡g
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|8 GQvovI GL‡Ð wZwb ÔmvnvevM‡Yi
D”P gZ©evÕ,9 ÔwnRi‡Zi wb‡`©kÕ,10 ÔLvwU ZvIevÕ,11 ÔZveyK hy‡×i NUbvÕ,12 g„Zzï ci
cybRx©ebÕ,13 Ô‡eCgvb‡ì PviwU êwkó¨Õ,14 Ô‡ejvqv‡Zi gZ©ev jv‡fi cš’vÕ18 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbv‡g A‡bK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
Øv`k LÐ
(m~iv û‡ì 6 bs AvqZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv BDm~‡di 1-52 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ Gi Øv`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv KZ…©K
fv`ª-1398 ev./ iweDj AvDqvj-1412 wn./ ‡m‡Þ¤î-1992 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt gCbyj Bmjvg, 12/17 m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi,
XvKv| GwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm, 10, nvU‡Lvjv †ivW, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|19 Gi c„ôv
msL¨v 326 I g~j¨ 200 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Qq c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ
n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ð m~iv û‡ì 6 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv BDmy‡di 1-52 bs
AvqvZ ch©šÍ Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL K‡i
Zvdmx‡ii bvg I ÔØv`k LÐÕ K_vwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zvici m~iv û‡ì 6-8 bs Avqv‡Zi
Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|20
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 350-351
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 17
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 52
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 83
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 111
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 148
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 155
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 272
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 275
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 336
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 341
19. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, 12 Zg LÐ, 1991 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvk, c„.
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
6 bs AvqvZ (Ôc„w_ex‡Z wePiYKvix cÖvYx gv‡ÎiB wiwR‡Ki `vwqZ¡ Avjøvn MÖnY

K‡i‡Qb|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gydvmwmi m~iv hvwiqvZ, Bqvwmb, bvnj I nvkimn Av‡iv
A‡bK¸‡jv m~ivi Avqv‡Zi D×„wZ w`‡q GK_v `„pZvi mv‡_ cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h,
Avjøvn Qvov Avi †Kvb wiwhK `vZv †bB|3 m~iv n~‡ì 32-49 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq
gydvmwmi b~n (Av.) Gi RvwZi Aeva¨Zv, Zvi cwiYv‡g gnv cøveb, Avjøvni ûKz‡g †bŠKv
evbv‡bv4 Ges Zv‡Z Av‡ivnY5 I Ry`x cvnv‡o AeZiY6 BZ¨vw` wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
G L‡Ði 214 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv BDmy‡di Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvmwgqvi ci
m~iv BDmy‡di cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AZci m~iv û‡ì m‡½ m~iv BDmy‡di †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|7
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 2-8
4. Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡`©k †gvZv‡eK Biv‡Ki Kzdv bMix‡Z KvV †K‡U Zv †bŠKvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i ïKv‡Z
I †bŠKv evbv‡Z b~n (Av.) Gi 200 eQi mgq †j‡MwQj (Be‡b KvwQi)| †gvnv¤§` Be‡b BmnvK (i.)
ZvIiv‡Zi D×„wZ w`‡q wj‡L‡Qb- ‡bŠKvwUi ˆ`N©¨ wQj 80 nvZ, cÖ¯’ wQj 50 nvZ| evB‡i Ges †fZ‡i
Kv‡Vi Dci GK cÖKvi ˆZj eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj| KvZv`v (i.) e‡j‡Qb- †bŠKvwUi ˆ`N©¨ wQj 300
nvZ| Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi eY©bv g‡Z, †bŠKvwUi ˆ`N©¨ wQj 1200 nvZ cÖ¯’ wQj 600 nvZ| Be‡b
AveŸv‡mi Ab¨ GKwU eY©bv g‡Z, †bŠKvwUi ‰`N©¨ wQj 2000 nvZ Ges cÖ¯’ wQj 100 nvZ, D”PZv wQj
30 nvZ| GwU wQj wZb Zjv wewkó| wbgœ Zjv‡Z PZz®ú` Rš‘, ga¨g Zjv‡Z gvbyl I Dc‡ii Zjv‡Z
cvwL‡ì _vKvi RvqMv †`qv n‡qwQj| Avjøvgv eMfx (i.) nhiZ KvÔe (iv.) Gi eY©bvi D×„wZ w`‡q
‡j‡Lb- †bŠKvwUi ˆ`N©¨ wQj 300 nvZ Ges cÖ¯’ wQj 500 nvZ, D”PZv wQj 30 nvZ| Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU
¯Íi wQj| me© wbgœ ¯Í‡i eb¨ Ges PZz®ú` Rš‘, wØZxq ¯Í‡i Ak¦, Dóª Avi M„ncvwjZ Rš‘ Ges m‡e©v”P
¯Í‡i nhiZ b~n (Av.) I Zuvi gyÕwgb mv_xMY Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Avjøvn ZvÔAvj nhiZ wReªvCj (Av.) Gi
gva¨‡g b~n (Av.) †K †bŠKv ˆZix Kivi †KŠkj wkÿv ‡`b| †bŠKvwUi mvg‡bi w`K gyiMxi gv_vi b¨vq,
†cQ‡bi w`K gyiMxi cðv` fv‡Mi b¨vq Ges gaëZ©x Ask cvwLi e‡ÿi b¨vq cÖ¯‘Z K‡i ‡c‡iK Øviv
gReyZ K‡i ˆZix Kiv nq| (gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 60-63)
5. Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wb‡`©k gyZvweK ïay gywgbMYB H †bŠKv‡Z Av‡ivnY K‡iwQ‡jb| nhiZ KvZv`vn,
Be‡b hyevBi Ges †gvnv¤§` Be‡b KvÔe Avj KviRx e‡jb- †bŠKvq gvÎ 8 Rb Av‡ivnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
Avi Zviv n‡jb- nhiZ b~n (Av.), Zuvi ¯¿x, Zuv‡ì wZb cyÎ- mvg, nvg, Bqv‡md Ges Zuv‡ì ¯¿xMY|
AvÔgvk (i.) e‡jb- †bŠKvq gvÎ 7 Rb Av‡ivnY K‡iwQ‡jb| b~n (Av.), Zuvi wZb cyÎ I Zuv‡ì ¯¿xMY|
Be‡b BmnvK (i.) e‡jb- Zuviv msL¨vq wQ‡jb 10 Rb | gyKvwZj (i.) e‡jb- Zuviv msL¨vq wQ‡jb 78
Rb| Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) e‡jb- Zuviv msL¨vq wQ‡jb 80 Rb|
6. nhiZ KvZv`vn (i.) eY©bv K‡ib, iRe gv‡mi `k Zvwi‡L gymjgvbMY †bŠKvq Av‡ivnY K‡i gnii‡gi
`k Zvwi‡L `xN© Qq gvm ci †bŠKv †_‡K Ry`x cvnv‡o AeZiY K‡ib| RvnnvK (i.) Gi eY©bv g‡Z-
Ry`x cvnvowU †gv‡mj GjvKvq Aew¯’Z| Avi †gv‡mj n‡”Q AvaywbK Biv‡Ki GKwU cÖ‡`k|
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 215
wZwb ‡j‡L‡Qb- m~iv û‡` ivm~j (mv.) Gi beyIq‡Zi cÖgvY Ges Zuvi mvšÍ¡bvi
Rb¨ AZxZ Kv‡ji wewfbœ NUbvi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~iv BDmy‡dI H Av‡jvPbvi
avivevwnKZvq nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv KwVb ev¯ÍeZv¸‡jvi
Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi Rxe‡bi Dci we¯ÍvwiZ
M‡elYv g~jK Av‡jvPbv G L‡Ð Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI GL‡Ð ÔcweÎ KyiAvb me©‡kªô
†gv‡hRvÕ,8 Ôgy‡gb I Kv‡d‡ii `„óvšÍÕ,9 ÔAvw¤^qv‡q †Kiv‡gi ‰ewkó¨Õ,10 ÔAv` RvwZi
cwiPqÕ,11 ÔfvMëvb I nZfvM¨‡ì K_vÕ,12 Ô¯^‡cœi ZvweiÕ,13 ÔDËg me‡ii Zvrch©Õ,14
ÔnhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi †gv‡hRvÕ, 15 I ÔKvivMv‡i nhiZ BDmyd (Av.)Õ16 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbv‡g A‡bK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Î‡qv`k LÐ
(m~iv BDmy‡di 53 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv ivÔ` I m~iv Beªvnxg m¤ú~Y© I m~iv wnRi Gi 2bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
Î‡qv`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv KZ…©K gvN-1398 ev./ iRe-1412 wn./
†deªæqvix-1998 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| LÐwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt gvngy`yj nvmvb,
12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv| GwU w` B‡¤úwiqvj †cÖm, 10,
nvU‡Lvjv †ivW, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|17 G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 7 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 3
c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ n‡q‡Q| f~wgKv‡Z wZwb Avi‡ei Rv‡nwjqv hy‡Mi c_nviv
jv‡Lv gvbyl †Kvb wRqb KvwVi †Kvgj ci‡k G‡m m‡Zï w`kv †c‡q GK-GKRb
AvKv‡ki bÿ‡Îi †P‡q `vgx gvby‡l cwiYZ n‡jb Zvi eY©bv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 21
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 41
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 80
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 85
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 175
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 219
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 253
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 277
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 299
17. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, Î‡qv`k LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1992 L„. c„.
f~wgKvÕi c~e©eZx© c„ôv `ªóe¨
wZwb g~jZ cweÎ KziAv‡b cÖ`Ë AvUwU †gŠwjK ¸Yvejx‡KB2 cik cv_i wn‡m‡e
mve¨¯Í Ki‡Z cÖqvmx n‡q‡Qb, †h cik cv_‡ii †Quvqvq Zuviv †mvbvi gvby‡l cwiYZ
n‡qwQ‡jb| GL‡Ð m~iv BDmy‡di 53 bs AvqvZ †_‡K G m~ivi evKx Ask, m~iv ivÔ`,
Beªvnxg m¤ú~Y© I m~iv wnRi Gi cÖ_g `yÕAvqv‡Zi Zvdmxi AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z
Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K Zvdmx‡ii bvg I ÔÎ‡qv`k LÐÕ K_vwU †jLv
n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv BDmy‡di 53-57 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I
Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|3 GB cuvP Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.)
Zvdmx‡i gvRnvix, †LvjvmvZzZ¨vdvmxi, Be‡b Kvmxi, dvIqv‡q‡` Imgvbx I Zvdmx‡i
Keximn A‡bK¸‡jv Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i D×„wZ eënvi K‡i nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi
Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv †ck K‡i‡Qb|4
2. AvZ¥ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ cweÎ KziAv‡b cÖ`Ë AvU `dv Kg©m~Px wbgœiƒc:
GK. iv‡Zi †kl cÖn‡ii Bev`Z: iv‡Zi †kl cÖn‡i hLb mviv c„w_exi gvbyl NygšÍ, me wKQz _v‡K wbie
wb¯Íä ZLb mªóvi m„wó ˆbcyb¨ †`‡L Zuvi †kªôZ¡ Dcjwä Kivi GK m~eY© my‡hvM Av‡m| ZvB‡Zv hviv
Avjøvni wcÖq ev›`v n‡Z Pvq Zv‡ì Kg© cš’v m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv m~iv dziKv‡b e‡j‡Qb-
‫واﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺒﯿﺘﻮن ﻟﺮﺑﮭﻢ ﺳﺠﺪا وﻗﯿﺎﻣﺎ‬
ÔAvi hviv ivwÎ KvUvq Avjøvni ìev‡i †mR`vebZ ev `Ðvqgvb Ae¯’vq|Õ
`yB. KziAvb wZjvIqvZ: AwaK nv‡i cweÎ KziAvb wZjvIqvZ gvbe g‡b Avjøvni †cÖg ‰Zix K‡i ‡`q|
we‡kl K‡i iv‡Zi ‡ejv KziAvb wZjvIqvZ AZ¨šÍ dj`vqK|
wZb. m„wó wb‡q M‡elYv: ivwÎ‡ejvq Avjøvni m„wó inm¨ wb‡q M‡elYv Avjøvni gvÔ‡idvZ nvwm‡j
mn‡hvMxZv K‡i|
Pvi. mve©ÿbxK wRwKi: DVv-emvq, Pjv-‡divq, K_v-evZ©vq, eëmv-evwY‡R¨ GK K_vq me©ve¯’vq imbvq
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi †gveviK bv‡gi wRwKi Øviv AšÍi‡K RxešÍ K‡i ivLv|
cuvP. GLjvQ ev GKvMÖZv: GKvMÖ wP‡Ë ïay Avjøvni mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi a¨vb gvby‡li AšÍ‡i GLjvQ
ˆZix K‡i †`q| ïay Avjøvni a¨vb Zv‡K me© Kv‡R, me©¯’v‡b Avjøvni Dcw¯’wZi Abyf~wZ ˆZix K‡i
†`q|
Qq. ZvIqv°zj ev fimv: gvby‡li Rxe‡bi c_ eoB K›UKvKxY© I wec` msKzj| ZvB me©ve¯’vq Avjøn
ZvÔAvjvi Dci cwic~Y© fimvB Zvi g‡b Abvwej cÖkvwšÍ ˆZix K‡i †`q|
mvZ. mei ev âh©: Rxe‡b †Kvb †Kvb mgq A‡bK evav-wecwËi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| mdjZvi cvkvcvwk
e¨_©ZvI Rxe‡biB Ask| ZvB wec`-gywQeZ I e¨_©Zvq nZvk bv n‡q nvwm gy‡L G¸‡jvi gyKvwejv
K‡i mvg‡b GwM‡q hvIqvi bvgB mei| hviv mei Aej¤^b K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ Avjøvni ˆbK‡U¨ ab¨
nIqvi mymsev` †`qv n‡q‡Q|
AvU. wnR‡i Rvwgj ev DËg cš’vq Gwo‡q hvIqv: hLb Øxb we‡Ølxiv mZ¨ mvabvq evav-wecwËi m„wó K‡i,
ZLb Zv‡ì AcÖ‡qvRbxq K_vi DËi bv w`‡q wb‡Ri Awfó j‡ÿ GwM‡q hvIqvB KZ©e¨|
(gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 1
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 2-15
we‡kl K‡i m~iv BDmy‡di 62 bs AvqvZ (ÔAvi BDmyd Zvi PvKi‡ì‡K ej‡jb-
Zviv †h cY¨g~j¨ Av`vq K‡i‡Q, Zv Zv‡ì Avmevec‡Îi g‡a¨ †i‡L `vI| hv‡Z K‡i
AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡ì wbKU wd‡i hvIqvi ci Zviv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i, †h Zv cÖZ¨vc©b Kiv
n‡q‡Q| nqZ Zviv cybivq Avm‡e|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gydvmwmi nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Zuvi
êgv‡Îq fvB‡ì (hviv Zuvi mv‡_ Pig `ykgwb K‡iwQj) mv‡_ cig D`viZv †Kb cÖ`k©b
K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi wKQz AwZ m~² we‡kølY5 GLv‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
G L‡Ði 114 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv ivÔ` Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z
Zvmwgqv D‡jøL K‡i m~iv ivÔ` Gi cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I
Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi 19-22 bs Avqv‡Z cÖK…Z eyw×gvb †jvK‡ì KwZcq
êwkó¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) †m ‰ewkó¨ ¸‡jv
mwe¯Ív‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| hvi mswÿß iƒc nj- cÖK…Z eyw×gvb ZvivB hviv Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv‡K †`qv A½xKvi c~Y© K‡i, Avjøvni ev›`v‡ì mv‡_ K…Z A½xKvi f½ K‡ibv,
hv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© Aÿzbœ ivL‡Z Avjøvn wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb Zviv Zv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© Aÿzbœ
iv‡L| Avi Zviv Zv‡ì cÖwZcvjK‡K fq K‡i, Av‡Liv‡Zi KwVb wnmve wbKv‡ki f‡q
Aw¯’i _v‡K Ges Zviv Avjøvni mš‘wói Rb¨ mei K‡i, bvgvR Kv‡qg K‡i, hvKvZ †`q
I g›`‡K fvj Øviv gyKvwejv K‡i|6 GL‡Ði 212 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Beªvnx‡gi Zvdmxi
ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv wj‡L m~iv Beªvnx‡gi cÖ_g cuvP Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask
D‡jøL K‡i
5. gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) e‡jb- ZvdmxiKviMY e‡j‡Qb, êgv‡Îq fvB‡ì cÿ †_‡K †`qv wewbgq g~j¨
†Mvc‡b †diZ †`qvi GKvwaK KviY i‡q‡Q-
GK. nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) ¯^xq wcZv I åvZvM‡Yi cÖwZ `ywf©‡ÿi mgq Bnmvb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
`yB. GKvšÍ AvcbRb‡ì †_‡K Lv`¨ `ª‡eï wewbgq g~j¨ MÖnY Kiv wZwb f`ªZv I kivd‡Zi †Ljvd g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZb. Zv‡ì wbKU Lv`¨ k‡mï g~j¨ GRb¨B †dir ‡`qv n‡q‡Q Zviv †hb A_©vfv‡e bv c‡o; eis AveviI wgki Avm‡Z
mÿg nq|
Pvi. nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi Bnmv‡b Zviv †hb jw¾Z bv nb, ZvB †Mvc‡b Zv †dir ‡`qv n‡qwQj|
cuvP. Zviv †hb Zv‡ì AvgvbZ`vixZvi Kvi‡Y wd‡i G‡m H g~j¨ cybivq Rgv w`‡Z cÖqvmx nq| G‡Z Zuv‡ì mv‡_
nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi Av‡iv GKevi †`Lv n‡q hv‡e|
Qq. g~jZt nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Zuvi êgv‡Îq fvB‡ì mv‡_ cig D`viZvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Pig AZ¨vPv‡ii DËg
ch©v‡qi Reve w`‡q‡Qb|
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 165-169
Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| AZci ÔcweÎ KziAvb bvwRj Kivi
D‡Ïk¨Õ,7 ÔKv‡di‡ì Rb¨ KwVb kvw¯ÍÕ,8 Ômei I ZvIqv°zjÕ,9 ÔZvIqv°z‡ji Zvrch©Õ,10
Ô‡Kqvg‡Zi w`b Kv‡di‡ì AvõvjbÕ,11 ÔKv‡jgv Zv‡qëvi `„óvšÍÕ,12 Ôwki‡Ki g~j

wfwË‡Z AvNvZÕ,13 I Ô‡`vqvi AvèÕ14 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q m~iv Beªvnx‡gi we¯ÍvwiZ
Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici GL‡Ði †kl `yÕc„ôvq m~iv wnRi Gi cÖ_g `yÕwU
Avqv‡Zi Abyev` Zz‡j a‡i GL‡Ði cwimgvwß Uvbv n‡q‡Q|15
PZz©`k LÐ
(m~iv wnRi Gi 2bs AvqvZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© m~iv I m~iv bvnj ch©šÍ)

PZz©`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv KZ…©K ‰R¨ô-1399 ev./ wRjnvR¡-1412 wn./
Ryb-1992 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| LÐwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvt knx`yj Bmjvg, 12/17,
m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv| GwU gyRvwn` wcÖw›Us GÐ c¨v‡KwRs, 14/G
‰Kjvk †Nvl †jb, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|16 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 336 I g~j¨ wQj 200 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 3 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 3 c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ
n‡q‡Q| GLÐwU‡Z m~iv wnRi Gi 2bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ I m~iv Avb bvnj Gi
m¤ú~Y© As‡ki Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K
Zvdmx‡ii bvg I LÐ bs Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv Avj wnRi Gi 2-9 bs
Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|17
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 214
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 234
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 235
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 235
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 245
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 254
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 272
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 275
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 311-312
16. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, PZz©`k LÐ, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1992 L„. c„.
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 1-2
G m~ivi 26 bs AvqvZ †_‡K 42 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ nhiZ Av`g (Av.) Gi m„wó,
†d‡i¯ÍvKz‡ji †mR`v I Bewj‡mi bvdigvbx BZ¨vw` wb‡q Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) D‡jøwLZ welqvejx G AvqvZ ¸‡jvi e¨vL¨vq
we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|3 G m~ivi 94-95 bs AvqvZ (ÔAZGe Avcbv‡K †h Av‡`k
Kiv n‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Avcwb cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv Kiæb, Avi gykwiK‡ì c‡ivqv Ki‡eb
bv| we`ªƒcKvix‡ì eySevi Rb¨ Avcbvi cÿ †_‡K AvwgB h‡_ó|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) g°vq †Kvb& †Kvb& `ye©„Ë ivm~j (mv.) †K we`ªƒc K‡i Kó w`Z Zv‡ì
bvg4 I Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zv‡ì Rb¨ wKiƒc AvRve †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb Zv mwe¯Ív‡i D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb|
G L‡Ði 100 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Avb bvnj Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g G
m~ivi bvgKi‡Yi Zvrch© m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q- bvnj ejv nq ga~ gÿxKv‡K| †h‡nZz G‡Z gay
gÿxKvi K_v Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvB GBbv‡g G m~ivi bvgKiY Kiv i‡q‡Q| GB m~ivi
Av‡iKwU bvg nj m~ivZzb wbÕAvg| †h‡nZz G m~iv‡Z Avjøvn cÖ`Ë wbÕAvg‡Zi Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q ZvB G‡K m~ivZyb wbÕAvgZ I ejv nq|5 g~jZ GB m~iv‡Z ZvInx` ev GKZ¡ev‡ì Dci
`jxj wfwËK Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wkiK I †cŠËwjKZvi evZzjZv †NvlYv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|6 Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi AMwYZ wbÕAvg‡Zi gyKvwejvq Zuvi cÖwZ †kvKi †MvRvi nIqv †h
gvby‡li GKvšÍ KZ©e¨ Zv G m~iv‡Z †hŠw³K fv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|7
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 27-50
4. †h mKj `ye„©Ë g°vq ivm~j (mv.) †K we`ªƒc K‡i gvbwmK Kó w`Z Zv‡ì gv‡S cÖ_g mvwi‡Z wQj Ijx` web
gyMxivn, Avm Be‡b Iqv‡qj, AvmIqv` Be‡b †gvËv‡je, AvmIqv` Be‡b Ave‡` Bqv¸m I nv‡im Be‡b Kv‡qm
BebyZ Zvjvjv| G‡ì mK‡jB Avjøvni MR‡e g„Zz¨ gy‡L cwZZ n‡qwQj| Ijx‡ì cv‡q LvRvqx †Mv‡Îi GK
e¨w³i Zx‡ii gv_v mvgvb¨ GKUz Xy‡K hvq, GB nvjKv AvuP‡iB Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| Avm Be‡b Iqv‡j DU †_‡K bvgvi
mgq GKUz Kvc‡oi UzK‡iv‡Z cv †i‡LwQj, G‡Z Zvi cv‡q H Kvco †_‡K KuvUv we× nq, ZvÿYvr Zvi cv dz‡j
D‡Ui Nv‡oi b¨vq †gvU n‡q †Mj Ges †mLv‡bB Zvi g„Zz¨ nj| AvmIqv` Be‡b †gvËv‡je Zvi GK †Mvjvg mn
GKwU Mv‡Qi bx‡P emv wQj| RxeªvCj (Av.) †mLv‡b †cŠu‡Q Zvi gv_v a‡i Mv‡Qi m‡½ Vy‡K w`w”Q‡jb Avi Zvi
gy‡Li Dci KuvUv ewm‡q w`w”Q‡jb| †m wPrKvi K‡i ejj, Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki| †Mvjvg ejj, Avwg‡Zv KvD‡K
†`LwQbv, Avcwb wb‡RB †Zv G KvR Ki‡Qb| G‡Z Zvi `„wó kw³ †jvc †cj Ges †mLv‡bB g„Zz¨ gy‡L cwZZ
nj| AvmIqv` Be‡b Ave‡` Bqv¸m GKw`b Ni †_‡K †ei n‡j Zvi Mv‡q jy nvIqv jv‡M, G‡Z Zvi †`n R¡‡j
Kvj nvekxi gZ n‡q †Mj| evoxi †jvKRb Zv‡K N‡i XyK‡Z w`jbv, †Kbbv Zviv Zv‡K wPb‡Z cv‡iwb| N‡ii
ìRvq Zvi g„Zz¨ n‡q †Mj| nv‡im Be‡b Kv‡qm †Kvb GKw`b jebv³ cvwbi gvQ †L‡qwQj, †m Kvi‡Y Zvi
wccvmv †e‡o hvq, G‡Z †m AwaK cwigv‡Y cvwb cvb K‡i| Ae‡k‡l Zvi †cU †d‡U hvq Ges g„Zz¨ gy‡L cwZZ
nq| (gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 94-96)
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 100
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 128
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 122
hviv gywgb Zuviv Zuv‡ì DËg Kg©dj g„Zzï mgq †_‡KB jvf Ki‡e GUv Gm~ivi 32 bs Avqv‡Z
ejv n‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb-Ô‡d‡i¯ÍvMY hv‡ì g„Zz¨ NUvq cweÎ I cwi”Qbœ Ae¯’vq,
ZLb Zviv ej‡eb †Zvgv‡ì Dci mvjvg, †Zvgv‡ì Kg©dj wnmv‡e †Zvgviv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek
Ki|Õ Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki G mymsev` gywgb `ywbqv‡Z _vK‡ZB cv‡e|8 Gwel‡q GL‡Ð we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI G L‡Ð Ô‡e‡nkZ-‡`vh‡Li weeiYÕ,9 Ô‡n`vqvZ jv‡fi
cš’vÕ10, ÔZvKjx‡ì ¸iæZ¡Õ11, Ôgayi DcKvwiZvÕ12, Ô‡Kvb †Kvb Kv‡d‡ii kvw¯Í n‡e w`¸YÕ13,
Ô‡gv‡gb wg_¨vev`x nqbvÕ14, ÔAv‡Liv‡Zi Ae¯’vÕ15, ÔnhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) Gi ¸YvejxÕ16 I
Ôwgjøv‡Z Beªvnx‡gi Abymi‡Yi Zvrch©Õ17 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÂ`k LÐ
(m~iv ebx BmivCj m¤ú~Y© I m~iv Kvnvd Gi 1-74 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
cÂ`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv KZ…©K A‡±vei-1992 L„. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ
nq| G L‡Ði wØZxq cÖKvk msL¨vwU Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU AvMó-1993 L„. cÖKvwkZ
nq| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb ‡gvnv¤§` gyCbyj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv| gvóvi wcÖw›Us GÐ c¨v‡KwRs, gnvLvjx, XvKv †_‡K GwU gyw`ªZ nq|1
Gi c„ôv msL¨v 478 I g~j¨ wQj 300 UvKv|
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 150
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 48-53
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 136
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 178
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 217
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 250.
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 293
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 308
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 323
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 328
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, cÖv¸³, wØZxq cÖKvk, 15 Zg LÐ, 1993 L„. c„.
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 4 c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I 6 c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ ms‡hvRxZ n‡q‡Q|
LÐwU‡Z m~iv ebx BmivCj m¤ú~Y© I m~iv Kvnvd Gi cÖ_g †_‡K 74 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ Abyev` I
Zvdmxi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K Zvdmx‡ii bvg I
ÔcÂ`k LÐÕ K_vwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv ebx BmivC‡ji bvgKiY I dwRjZ wb‡q mswÿß
Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|2 Zvici c~e©eZx© m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi †hvMm~Î3 eY©bv K‡i m~iv
ebx BmivC‡ji cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g
AvqvZ (ÔcweÎ wZwb, whwb Zuvi ev›`v‡K gmwR`yj nvivg †_‡g gmwR`yj AvKQv ch©šÍ ivwÎKv‡j
ågY Kwi‡qwQ‡jb, hvi PZyw`©K Avwg eiKZgq K‡iwQjvg, hv‡Z K‡i Zuv‡K Avwg Avgvi
Kzì‡Zi wKQz wb`k©b †`LvB| wbðqB wZwb me©‡kªvZv, me©`ªóv|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi wgÔiv‡R Mg‡bi wel‡q 14wU my² gvmqvjv4 AZ¨šÍ
PgrKvi fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
2. m~iv ebx BmivCj‡K m~ivZzj ÔBmivÕI ejv nq| G m~iv‡Z †h‡nZz ebx BmivCj‡ì‡K wb‡q A‡bK Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q ZvB Gi bvg m~iv ebx BmivCj| Avevi G m~iv‡Z ivm~j (mv.) Gi wgÔiv‡Ri NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, ZvB G‡K
m~ivZzj BmivI ejv nq| nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.) e‡jb-ivm~j (mv.) cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡Z m~iv ebx BmivCj I m~iv hygvi
wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Zb| (gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 1)
3. `yÕm~ivi gv‡S Av‡jvPbvi †h †hvMm~Î cvIqv hvq Zv nj:
GK. c~e©eZx© m~ivq ZvInx‡ì Dci `jxj-cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi G m~ivq †imvjv‡Zi Dci `jxj-cÖgvY
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`yB. c~‡e©i m~ivq kwbevi Iqvjv‡ì mxgvjsNb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi G m~ivq ebx BmivCj‡ì mxgv jsNb
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) m~iv ebx BmivCj Gi cÖ_g AvqvZ †_‡K †h 14 wU my²vwZ-my² welq †ei
K‡i‡Qb Zv wbgœiƒc:
GK. wgÔivR †h GKwU AwZ we¯§qKi e¨vci wQj, Zv ÔmyenvbvÕ kã w`‡q eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
`yB. Kvev kixd †_‡K evBZzj gyKvÏvm ågY †K ÔBmivÕ I evBZzj gyKvÏvm †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡Ki ågY‡K wgÔivR ejv
nq|
wZb. Ôwe Avew`wnÕ kã Øviv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q- wZwb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi AwZ wcÖqZg e¨w³ Ges wZwb ÔDcvm¨ bbÕ eis
Dcv‡mï ev›`v|
Pvi. ivwÎKvjxb mdi †K Bmiv e‡j| Zvi ciI ÔjvBjvbÕ kã e‡j G mdi m¤ú~Y© ivwÎ‡Z bq; eis iv‡Zi GKwU As‡k
msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
cuvP. Ô gmwR‡` nvivgÕ e‡j ïay Kvevi Af¨šÍi‡K eySv‡bv nqwb: eis Zvi Pvi cvk‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
AZci wgÔivR msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbvq 1 bs NUbv 2 bs NUbv Gfv‡e 24 bs NUbv ch©šÍ D‡jøL K‡i
cweÎ KziAvb, nv`xm I wewfbœ wKZv‡ei D×„wZ eënvi K‡i wgÔivR wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|5 G m~ivi 23-39 bs Avqv‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv gvbe RvZxi †n`v‡qZ jv‡fi
gva¨‡g RvbœvZevmx nIqvi Rb¨ wKQz †gŠwjK wb‡`©wkKv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg
(i.) H AvqvZ mg~n †_‡K 23 wU †gŠwjK wkÿv †ei K‡i Zv Zuvi G Zvdmx‡i Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb|6
G L‡Ði 341 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Kvnv‡di Zvdmxi ïiæ n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z m~iv Kvnv‡di
dwRj‡Zi Dci gymwjg, gymbv‡` Avngv`, wZiwgRx, gymZvìv‡K nv‡Kg, evqnvKx, Avey `vD` I
bvmvC cÖf„wZ MÖ‡š’i nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Qq. evBZzj gyKvÏvm g°v †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i ZvB Zv‡K ÔgmwR`yj AvKmvÕ ejv n‡q‡Q|
mvZ. ivm~j (mv.) †K ¯^M„‡n †i‡LB wgÔiv‡Ri hveZxq we¯§qKi `„k¨ †`Lv‡bv Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi c‡ÿ Am¤¢e bq; eis
mnR| wKš‘ Zv bv K‡i we¯§qKi cš’vq G mdi Kwi‡q ivm~j (mv.) Gi gZ©ev ev m¤§vb evwo‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q|
AvU. ivwÎ‡Z G mdi G Rb¨B n‡q‡Q, †Kbbv ivZB nj cÖf~i mv‡_ wgj‡bi m‡e©vËg mgq|
bq. ÔAvjøvRx evivKbvÕ e‡j gmwR‡` AvKmvi PZz¯úv‡k¦©i m¤§vb e„w×i cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q, †Kbbv †mLvbKvi gvwU‡Z
AmsL¨ Avw¤^qv‡q †Kiv‡gi (Av.) †`n I AvZ¥vi ms¯úk© i‡q‡Q|
`k. Ôwjbywiqvû wgb AvqvwZbvÕ Øviv eySv hvq G mdi evBZzj gyKvÏvm ch©šÍ mxgve× wQj bv|
GMvi. wgb AvqvwZbvÕ Gi ÔwgbÕ Øviv eySv hvq, ivm~j (mv.) Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi mg¯Í wb`k©b bq; eis AvswkK wb`k©b
†`‡L‡Qb|
evi. Avqv‡Z GKevi bvg cyiæ‡li me©bvg (Avmiv we Avew`wn), Avevi cÖ_g cyiæ‡li me©bvg (evivKbv) BZ¨vw` eënvi
K‡i eY©bv ˆkjx‡Z kÖæwZ gayiZv Avbqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
‡Zi. Avqv‡Zi †kls‡k ÔwZwb m©‡kªvZv I me©`ªóvÕ e‡j Bmivq Awek¦vmx Kv‡di‡ì cÖ”Qbœ agK †`q n‡q‡Q|
‡PŠÏ. Ôwjbywiqvû wgb AvqvwZbvÕ I Ôûqvm mvwgq~j evwmiÕ evK¨Øq Øviv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q ivm~j (mv.) †K Avjøvni wb`k©b
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e wZwb me©`ªóv I me©‡kªvZv bb; eis GKgvÎ AvjøvnB n‡jb me©‡kªvZv I me©`ªóv|
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 16-57
6. †gŠwjK wkÿv¸‡jv nj- Bev`Z n‡e ïay Avjøvni, wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ Bnmvb Ki‡Z n‡e, Zuv‡ì m¤§y‡L ÔDdÕ kãwU
D”PviY Kiv hv‡ebv, Zuv‡ì‡K agK w`‡q K_v ejv hv‡ebv, Zuv‡ì mv‡_ AZ¨šÍ webgª AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e, Zuv‡ì
Rb¨ ing‡Zi †`vqv Ki‡Z n‡e, AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb‡ì nK Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e, wgmKxb‡ì cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ Av`vq Ki‡Z
n‡e, AcPq Kiv wbwl×, `vwi`ª cxwoZ gvbyl hw` wKQz Pvq, Zv‡ì mv‡_ webgª fvlvq K_v ej‡Z n‡e, K…cbZv
cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e, me©¯^ `vb K‡i wb‡R wfÿz‡K cwiYZ nIqv hv‡e bv, Lv‡`ï Afv‡ei f‡q mšÍvb nZ¨v wbwl×,
e¨wfPv‡ii av‡i Kv‡QI hvIqv hv‡ebv, binZ¨v wbwl×, cÖwZkÖæwZ cvjb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK, cwigvc I IR‡b Kg
†`qv hv‡ebv, bv †R‡b K_v ejv hv‡ebv Ges AnsKvi AZ¨šÍ N„wYZ ZvB Zv cwiZ¨vR¨|
AZci Ôm~iv Kvnv‡di AvgjÕ I Ôc~e©eZx© m~ivi mv‡_ m¤úK©Õ wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡iv wKQz Av‡jvPbv
‡ck K‡i m~iv Kvnv‡di cÖ_g Qq Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q|7 G m~ivi 9 bs AvqvZ (Ô‡n ivm~j! Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib ¸nv Ges ¸nvevmxiv Avgvi
Kzì‡Zi wb`k©b mg~‡ni g‡a¨ we¯§qKi?Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Avmnv‡e
Kvnvd Gi Dci we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|8 GQvovI GL‡Ð Ôebx BmivCj RvwZi
DÌvb-cZ‡bi BwZnvmÕ9, ÔnhiZ BqvnBqv (Av.) Gi kvnv`v‡Zi NUbvÕ10, ÔgykwiK‡ì g„Z
wkï‡ì ciKvjxb Ae¯’vÕ11, ÔcvcvPv‡ii cwiYwZ: aŸsmÕ12, Ôgvbe m„wói BwZK_vÕ13, ÔgvKv‡g
gvngy`Õ14, Ôiæ‡ni Zvrch© I gvnvZ¥Õ15, ÔAvmnv‡e Kvnv‡di KzKziÕ16, ÔnhiZ wLwRi (Av.)
cÖm‡½Õ17 I ÔGj&g nvwmj Kivi AvèÕ18 mn Av‡iv A‡bK ¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q Av‡jvPbv †ck
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 341-350

8. cÖv¸³, c„. 355-373
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 73
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 86
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 110
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 118
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 219
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 264
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 286
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 381
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 468
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 472
lô`k LÐ
(m~iv Avj Kvnvd Gi 75 bs AvqvZ †_‡K, m~iv gviBqvg m¤ú~Y© I m~iv Z¡vnvi †kl
ch©šÍ)

lô`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1993 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi 3q cÖKvk msL¨v Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU bv`xqvZzj
†KviAvb wcÖw›Us †cÖm, jvjevM, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 296 I g~j¨
300 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wZb c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv2 I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| m~iv Kvnvd Gi 75 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv gviBqvg I Z¡vnvi †kl ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jLc~e©K
ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L Ôlô`k LÛÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv Kvnv‡di 75-78 bs
Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b nhiZ g~mv (Av.)
Gi mv‡_ nhiZ wLwRi (Av.) Gi K_‡cvK_b Ges nhiZ wLwRi (Av.) Gi we¯§qKi-
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, lô`k LÛ, 3q cÖKvk, 2007 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi
c~e©eZx c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. f~wgKv‡Z cweÎ KziAvb †h gvbe Rxe‡bi me mgm¨vi mgvavb w`‡Z cv‡i Ges G‡Z
†h gvby‡li Rxe‡b hv wKQy cÖ‡qvRb meB Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
nhiZ Avjx (iv.) e‡j‡Qb- hw` Avwg m~iv dv‡Znvi Zvdmxi wjwce× Kwi, Z‡e Zv
70wU D‡óªi †evSv n‡q hv‡e| Avjøvgv Be‡b nvRi (i.) e‡j‡Qb cweÎ-KziAvb †_‡K
†h me Bj‡gi mÜvb cvIqv hvq Zvi †Kvb mxgv †bB, †klI †bB| Avjøvgv
RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx (i.) KvRx Avey eKi Be‡b Aviex (i.) Gi K_vi D×„wZ w`‡q
e‡jbÑ cweÎ KziAv‡b mvZvËi nvRvi PvikZ cÂvk cÖKv‡ii Bj‡gi mÜvb cvIqv
hvq| Bgvg kvÕivbx Avj RvInvi bvgK MÖ‡š’ cweÎ KziAv‡b wZb nvRvi cÖKvi
Bj‡gi Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| ZvB‡Zv nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.)
Zuvi GKwU KweZvq e‡j‡QbÑ cweÎ KziAv‡b me© cÖKvi Bjg i‡q‡Q, Z‡e gvbyl Zv
Abyave‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Q| hw` Avgvi D‡óªi iwkI nvwi‡q hvq, Z‡e Avwg Zv Avjøvni
wKZv‡eB Lyu‡R cve|Õ
(‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
Kg©KvÐ¸‡jvi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Zvdmx‡i gvRnvix, iæûj gvÔAvbx I Zvdmx‡i Be‡b
Kvmxi Gi DØ„wZ w`‡q eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|3 m~iv Kvnv‡di 83 bs AvqvZ-
‫وﯾﺴﺌﻠﻮﻧﻚ ﻋﻦ ذي اﻟﻘﺮﻧﯿﻦ ﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﺗﻠﻮاﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﮫ ذﻛﺮا‬
(Ô‡n ivmyj! Avcbv‡K †jv‡Kiv RyjKvibvBb m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv K‡i, Avcwb ejyb, Avwg
†Zvgv‡ì wbKU Zuvi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kie|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) RyjKvibvBb cÖm‡½ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb|4 wZwb e‡jb, RyjKvibvBb GKRb AZ¨šÍ b¨vq civqY I cÖPÛ ÿgZvai
ev`kvn wQ‡jb| mgMÖ we‡k¦i kvmbKZ©vMY Zvi wbqš¿Yvaxb wQ‡jb| wZwb Beªvnxg (Av.)
Gi hy‡M eZ©gvb wQ‡jb| nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) Gi beyq‡Z wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| Kvevi cÖv½‡b
nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) Gi mv‡_ Zuvi mvÿvZ n‡qwQj Ges Zuvi mv‡_ †gvQvdvnv K‡i
†`vqvi ìLv¯Ív K‡iwQ‡jb| nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) Gi †`vqvi eiK‡Z cÖvP¨ cÖZx‡Pï
mdi Zuvi Rb¨ mnR n‡q hvq|5 Zuv‡K RyjKvibvBb bv‡g †Kb WvKv nZ ZvI wZwb G
As‡k mwe¯Ív‡i Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|6
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 2-4
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 14-22
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 15
6. Avjøvgv evMfx (i.) e‡jb, Zuv‡K RyjKvibvBb bv‡g WvKvi KviY njÑ
K. m~‡h©i `yÕwU cÖvšÍ i‡q‡Q, c~e© I cwðg| RyjKvibvBb Dfq cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ †cŠu‡Q wQ‡jb|
L. wZwb †ivg I cvim¨ Dfq mvgªv‡Rï AwacwZ wQ‡jb|
M. wZwb †k¦Zv½ I K…òv½ Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi †`‡kB cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb|
N. Zuvi `yÕwU AwZ my›ì Ryjwd wQj|
O. Zuvi gv_vq wks Gi gZ `ywU DuPz ¯’vb wQj, hv wZwb cvMox Øviv †X‡K ivL‡Zb| Avi G ¯’vb `yÕwU Zuvi
Aeva¨ RvwZ (Zuvi Dci) Ryj‡gi ¯§„wZwQý wQj| Zviv Zuvi gv_vq AvNvZ Kiv‡Z Zuvi gv_vi `yÕw`K dz‡j
D‡VwQj|
P. Zuvi ÿgZv c„w_exi c~e©-cwðg Dfq w`‡K mywe¯Í…Z wQj|
Q. mydx-mvaKMb e‡j‡Qb, Zuv‡K GRb¨B RyjKvibvBb ejv nq, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zuv‡K Rv‡nix I ev‡Zbx
G `yÕcÖKv‡ii Bjg-B`vb K‡i‡Qb|
(‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 15, 17)
Gm~ivi 94 bs AvqvZ- (ÔZviv e‡j, †n RyjKvibvBb! wbðq BqvRyR gvRyR Avgv‡ì
†`‡k `viæY AkvwšÍ-Dc`ªe m„wó Ki‡Q, Avgiv wK †Zvgv‡K Ki Av`vq Kie G k‡Z© †h
Zzwg Avgv‡ì I Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU cÖvPxi ˆZix K‡i †`‡e|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq ÔBqvRyR
gvRy‡Ri cwiPqÕ I ÔRyjKvibvBb wbwg©Z cÖvPxi,8 m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 55 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gviBqvg Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z G m~ivi
bvgKiY, c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi m¤úK© I †`vqvi Avè cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv
n‡q‡Q|9 AZci nhiZ BqvnBqv (Av.) Gi êwkó¨, 10 nhiZ Bw`ªm (Av.) Gi
7. Avjøvgv evMfx (i.) e‡jb, BqvRyR gvRyR Bqv‡md Be‡b b~‡ni eskai| hvnnvK (i.) Gi g‡Z, Zviv
ZzK©‡ì eskai| myÏx (i.) e‡jb, ZzKx© BqvRyR‡ì GKwU ˆmb¨`j wQj| KvZv`vn (i.) e‡jb, BqvRyR
Gi evBkwU †MvÎ wQj| GKzkwU †MvÎ RyjKvibvB‡bi cÖvPxi Ave× n‡q Av‡Q| Avi hviv cÖvPx‡ii evB‡i
Av‡Q ZvivB ZzK©| Zviv msL¨vq mgMÖ gvbe RvwZi `k¸‡YiI AwaK| Zv‡ì †`k c„w_exi c~e© cÖv‡šÍ
Aew¯’Z| wKqvg‡Zi c~‡e© Zviv RyjKvibvBb wbwg©Z cÖvPxi †f‡½ c½ cv‡ji b¨vq c„w_exi PZzw`©‡K Qwo‡q
co‡e Ges Ak¦, ïKi mn hveZxq Rsjx Rš‘ Zviv †L‡q †dj‡e| Zv‡ì `‡ji cÖ_g fvM hLb wmwiqv‡Z
_vK‡e ZLb †cQ‡bi fvM _vK‡e †Lvivmv‡b| Zviv c„w_ex‡Z Pig AkvwšÍ m„wó Ki‡e| Zviv PZz¯ú`
Rš‘i b¨vq `šÍwewkó, mviv †`n AZ¨šÍ †ekx ckgve„Z| nhiZ Bmv (Av.) Zv‡ì e`‡`vqv Ki‡j Zviv
mevB A¯^vfvweK fv‡e GKm‡½ g‡i hv‡e|
8. Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi ûKz‡g nhiZ RyjvKvibvBb Zuvi hy‡Mi gyÕwgbM‡Yi mn‡hvMxZv wb‡q †jvnvi cvZ
GKwÎZ K‡i Av¸b jvwM‡q Zv‡Z MwjZ Zvgª †X‡j w`‡q AZ¨šÍ gReyZ K‡i BqvR gvRy‡Ri GjvKvi
myo½ c‡_ GKwU my D”P cÖvPxi wbg©vY K‡ib| G cÖvPxiwU A¯^vfvweK wbq‡g A_©vr KvivgZ iƒ‡c wbwg©Z
n‡q‡Q| BqvRyR gvRyR G cÖvPxiwU UcKv‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avjøvgv evMfx (i.) wj‡L‡Qb G cÖvPxiwUi cÖ¯’
cÂvk nvZ, D”PZv GKkZ nvZ Avi ˆ`N© nj wZb gvBj| BqvRyR gvRy‡Ri Ae¯’vb ¯’‡ji DËi w`‡K
kxZj cvwbi mgy`ª hv me mgq ei‡d XvKv _v‡K| c~e© I cwðg w`‡K, `yÕwU cvnvo `Ðvqgvb i‡q‡Q| `yÕ
cvnv‡oi gvSLv‡b A_©vr `wÿY w`‡K hvZvqv‡Zi GKwU myo½ Av‡Q gvÎ| Zviv G myo½ w`‡q †ei n‡q Rbc‡`
jyUZivR KiZ| nhiZ RyjKvibvBb Zv‡ì Ab¨vq AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev` ¯îƒc H cÖvPxiwU wbg©vY K‡ib|
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 56-59
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 68
Avmgv‡b D‡Ëvj‡bi NUbv,11 nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Gi we‡kl mvZwU êwk‡óï we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨v12 mn m~iv gviBqv‡gi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici G L‡Ði
162 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Z¡vnv Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g G m~ivi bvgKi‡Yi
Zvrch©, G m~ivi dwhjZ BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi 14bs
Avqv‡Zi †kl Ask- ‫واﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻠﻮة ﻟﺬﻛﺮي‬
ÔAvi Avgvi ¯§iYv‡_© bvgvR Kv‡qg Ki|Õ Gi e¨vL¨vq bvgv‡Ri dwhjZ I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K©
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi ci ivm~j (mv.), Avey eKi, Avjx, Be‡b hyev‡qi I Rqbyj Av‡e`xb
(iv.) mn Av‡iv A‡bK gbxlxi bvgvR covi bgybv †Kgb wQj Zv Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|13
GQvovI G L‡Ð ÔnhiZ g~mv (Av.) Gi KwVb cixÿvÕ,14 Ô†diAvDb I Zvi hv`yKi‡ì
Ae¯’vÕ15 I ÔcweÎ KziAvb †_‡K wegyL nIqvi †kvPbxq cwiYwZÕ16 BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K©
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mß`k LÐ
(m~iv Avw¤^qv I m~iv nR¡ m¤ú~Y©)
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) weiwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj ‡KviAvbÕ Gi
mß`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K Ryb-1993 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi 2q cÖKvk msL¨vwU Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU gv÷vi
wcÖw›Us GÐ c¨v‡KwRs 89, gnvLvjx, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 347 Ges
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 114
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 85-87
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 176-191
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 209
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 236
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 260
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, mß`k LÛ, 2q cÖKvk, c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
g~j¨ 225 UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| m~iv Avw¤^qv I m~iv nR¡ Gi m¤ú~Y© As‡ki e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K G ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L Ômß`k LÐÕ
kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv Avw¤^qv Gi cÖ_g cuvP Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L
ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡gB m~iv Avw¤^qvi dwhjZ cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avey gymv
AvkAvix (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z GKwU nv`xm Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q, ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡QbÑ †h
e¨w³ GB m~iv cvV Ki‡e Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv wKqvgv‡Zi w`b Zvi wnmve mnR K‡i
†`‡eb|2 G m~ivi 58-72 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) KZ…©K g~wZ© fv½v I
†KŠk‡j Zvi Reve cÖ`vb Kiv,3 cieZ©x‡Z Zuv‡K AwMœKz‡Û wb‡ÿc Kiv I Zuvi wbivc‡`
AwMœKzÛ †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmv4 cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. cÖv¸³, c„.3
3. †Kvb GKw`b †gjv Dcj‡ÿ gykvwiKiv hLb kn‡ii evwn‡i P‡j †Mj, ZLb nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) gw›`‡i
cÖ‡ek K‡i †mLv‡b msiwÿZ g~wZ©¸‡jvi eowU‡K ev` †i‡L evKx me¸‡jv P~Y©-weP~Y© K‡i w`‡jb| Avi †h
Kzovj w`‡q wZwb g~wZ©¸‡jv †f‡½ wQ‡jb H KzovjwU‡K eo g~wZ©wUi Nv‡o Szwj‡q w`‡jb| Zviv wd‡i G‡m
G KvÛ †`‡L AevK n‡q †Mj| Zviv nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) †K G e¨vcv‡i cÖkœ Ki‡j wZwb mivmwi DËi
bv w`‡q ZK© kv‡¯¿i †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i DËi w`‡jb Ges ej‡jb, Ôeis Zv‡ì eowU Zv K‡i‡Q; hw`
Zviv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i Z‡e Zv‡ì‡K wRÁvm K‡i †`LÕ|
(‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 79)
4. g~wZ© c~Rvi wec‡ÿ nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) hLb AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi hyw³ ZK© cÖ`vb K‡i e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡jb, ZLb Rvwjg¸‡jv hyw³i c_ cwinvi K‡i kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c_ †e‡Q wbj| hv mvaviYZ AnsKvix
`vw¤¢K †jv‡Kiv K‡i _v‡K| Zviv nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) †K AwMœ`» K‡i †g‡i †djvi wm×všÍ wbj| Avi
G cÖ¯ÍvewU w`‡qwQj Ônb~bÕ bv‡gi GK cvcvPvix| Avjøvn Zv‡K Rgx‡b aŸwm‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKqvgZ
ch©šÍ Zvi G kvw¯Í Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| evM`v` †_‡K cÖvq 42 gvBj `~‡i bgiƒ‡ì GjvKv Aew¯’Z| ILv‡b
my`xN© GK gvm hver R¡vjvbx msMÖn Kiv nq Ges Zv‡Z Av¸b awi‡q †`qv nj| AwMœKvÛ GZUv
fqveniƒc aviY Kij †h, `xN© 16 gvBj GjvKv ch©šÍ Zvi Dci w`‡q †Kvb cvwL ch©šÍ Do‡Z cviZbv,
Ae‡k‡l nhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.)†K Zv‡Z wb‡ÿc Kiv nj| Z‡e Avjøvni ûKz‡g †mB Av¸b Beªvnxg (Av.)
†K †h iwk w`‡q euvav n‡qwQj †m iwk¸‡jv e¨ZxZ Zuvi Mv‡qi GKwU ckgI ¯úk© K‡i wb| wZwb `xN©
Pwjøk ev cÂvk w`b †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i cwic~Y© my¯’e¯’vq Av¸b †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡mb|
(‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 85-88)
G m~ivi 87bs AvqvZ- (ÔAvi ¯§iY Ki `vD` Ges myjvqgv‡bi K_v hLb Zviv wePvi
KiwQj GKwU km¨-†ÿÎ m¤ú‡K©, hv‡Z ivwÎKv‡j Ab¨ m¤úª`v‡qi QvMj cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj,
Avwg Zv‡ì wePvi cÖZ¨ÿ KiwQjvg|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gydvmwmi nhiZ `vD` I myjvqgvb
(Av.) Gi D‡jøwLZ wePv‡ii NUbvwU Gfv‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb- `yÕe¨w³ nhiZ `vD` (Av.)
Gi ìev‡i nvwRi n‡jb| GKRb km¨ †ÿ‡Zi gvwjK Avi AciRb eKixi gvwjK|
eKix km¨ †ÿZ webó Kivi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì `v‡qi Kiv gvgjvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z `vD` (Av.)
ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e km¨ †ÿ‡Zi gvwjK‡K eKix¸‡jv w`‡q w`‡jb| nhiZ myjvqgvb (Av.)
G dqmvjvi mv‡_ wØgZ †cvlY Ki‡j nhiZ `vD` (Av.) Zuv‡K dqmvjv Kivi `vwqZ¡
cÖ`vb K‡ib| nhiZ myjvqgvb (Av.) ej‡jb, eKix¸‡jv †ÿ‡Zi gvwj‡Ki wR¤§vq
_vK‡e| †ÿ‡Zi gvwjK eKixi `ya, ckg I Zvi eskai Øviv DcK…Z n‡Z _vK‡e| Avi
†ÿZwU eKixi gvwj‡Ki wR¤§vq †`qv n‡e| †m †ÿ‡Zi km¨‡K hZœ K‡i Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq
hLb wdwi‡q Avb‡e ZLbB Zvi eKix¸‡jv wd‡i cv‡e| mšÍv‡bi wePvwiK ÿgZv †`‡L
evev `vD` (Av.) AZ¨šÍ Lykx n‡jb|5 GQvovI G m~ivi e¨vL¨vq ÔnhiZ `vD` (Av.) Gi
mv‡_ cvnvo I cvwL‡ì wRwKi Kiv,Õ6 ÔmyjvBgvb (Av.) Gi AvKvk ågYÕ,7 ÔAvBq~e
(Av.) Gi esk cwiPq I Amy¯’Zvi NUbvÕ,8
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 105, 106

6. cÖv¸³, c„. 109
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 113
8. nhiZ AvBq~e (Av.) Gi esk cwiPq nj AvBq~e Be‡b Avnivg Be‡b iv‡RL Be‡b iƒg Be‡b AvBm
Be‡b BmnvK Be‡b Beªvnxg (Av.)| nhiZ AvBq~e (Av.) Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi AZ¨šÍ wcÖq ev›`v I bex
wQ‡jb| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zuv‡K ¯¿x, mšÍvb, PvKi-evKi, `vm-`vmx, I ab-†`ŠjZmn AmsL¨ wbÔAvgZ `vb
K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi ûKz‡g GK-GK K‡i me wbÔAvgvZ Zuvi nvZ Qvov n‡q hvq| wZwb
GKwU wbÔAvg‡Zi aŸs‡mi Lei ïb‡jB ej‡Zb ÒAvj nvg`ywjjøvn! whwb w`‡q‡Qb, wZwbB wb‡q‡Qb|
Avwg‡Zv me©`v Avgvi Rvb I A_© m¤ú`‡K aŸs‡mv¤§yL g‡b Kwi|Ó GK ch©v‡q wZwb `viæY Amy¯’ n‡q-
ÔnhiZ BDbym (Av.) Gi gv‡Qi †c‡U Ae¯’v‡bi NUbvmn 9 Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv welq wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 183 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv n‡R¡i Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g m~iv nR¡
AeZx‡Y©i ¯’vb I G m~ivi dwRjZ wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|10 Zvici G m~ivi
cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici
ch©vqµ‡g Ôn‡R¡i AvnŸvb I me© cÖ_g AvnŸv‡b mvov `vbKvixi eY©bv,Õ11 ÔKzievbxi
dwRjZ I weavb,Õ12 ÔKv‡di‡ì weiæ‡× wRnv‡ì AbygwZ,Õ 13 ÔBmjvgx iv‡óªi iƒc‡iLvÕ
14
I Ôbex-ivm~jM‡Yi msL¨vÕ 15 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q m~iv n‡R¡i we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi
co‡jb, Zuvi cyiv kixi cu‡Q †Mj Ges Zv‡Z †cvKv ˆZwi n‡q †Mj| wKš‘ wZwb A‰ah© bv n‡q Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjvi wRwKi I †kvKi Av`v‡q e¨¯Í _vK‡jb| GK ch©v‡q hLb †cvKv¸‡jv Zuvi wRnŸvi w`‡K AMÖmi
nj ZLb wZwb wRwKi eÜ nIqvi AvksKv Ki‡jb Ges Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi Kv‡Q `yÔAv Ki‡jb-
‫اﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﻨﻲ اﻟﻀﺮواﻧﺖ ارﺣﻢ اﻟﺮاﺣﻤﯿﻦ‬
Ô†n Avgvi ei! eo Kó Avgv‡K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q, Avi Zzwg me©‡kªô `qvjy| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zuvi `yÔAv Keyj
K‡i `xN©w`b ci Zuv‡K Avev‡iv my¯’-my›ì Rxe‡b wdwi‡q w`‡jb| Avjøvgv evMfx (i.) e‡jb, nhiZ
AvBqye (Av.) 18 eQi wec`MÖ¯’ wQ‡jb| Iqvnnve Be‡b †gvbveŸvn (i.) e‡jb, wZwb c~Y© wZb eQi
wec`MÖ¯’ wQ‡jb| KvÕe Avnevi (i.) Gi g‡Z, wZwb mvZ eQi wec`MÖ¯’ wQ‡jb|
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 140

10. cÖv¸³, c„. 183
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 242-243
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 161
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 178
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 291
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 307
Aóv`k LÐ
(m~iv gyÕwgb~b I m~iv b~i m¤ú~Y©, m~iv dziKvb Gi 1-20 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) weiwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj ‡KviAvbÕ Gi

Aóv`k LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K Ryb-1993 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb kwn`yj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G, †gvnv¤§`cyi,
XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi PZz_© cÖKvk msL¨vwU Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU wbD Gm.Avi wcÖ›Uvm©
divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 349 Ges g~j¨ 300 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z `yB c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv gyÕwgb~b, m~iv b~i m¤ú~Y© Ges m~iv dziKvb Gi 1-20 bs ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v G
L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K G ZvdmxiwUi
bvg wj‡L ÔAóv`k LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv gyÕwgb~b Gi bvgKiY I G m~ivi
dwRjZ m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU nv`x‡mi D×„wZ2 Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, Aóv`k LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2010 L„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. bvmvC, wZiwgRx I gymbv‡` Avng‡` nhiZ Igi (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q, hLb ivm~j (mv.) Gi cÖwZ
Anx bvwRj nZ, ZLb gay gwÿKvi AvIqv‡Ri b¨vq AvIqvR †kvbv †hZ| GKevi Ggb Ae¯’vB nj|
ZrÿbvZ ivm~j (mv.) †KejgyLx n‡q `yÕnvZ Zz‡j `yÕAv Ki‡jb-
‫اﻟﻠﮭﻢ زدﻧﺎ وﻻﺗﻨﻘﺼﻨﺎ واﻛﺮﻣﻨﺎ وﻻ ﺗﮭﻨﺎ واﻋﻄﻨﺎ وﻻﺗﺤﺮﻣﻨﺎ وا ﺛﺮﻧﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ وارض ﻋﻨﺎ وارﺿﻨﺎ‬
Gici wZwb Gikv` Ki‡jb- ÔAvgvi cÖwZ Ggb `kwU AvqvZ bvwhj n‡q‡Q, †h GB `kwU
Avqv‡Z ewY©Z ¸Yvejx AR©b Ki‡e †m RvbœvZx n‡e|Õ Zvici wZwb GB m~ivi cÖ_g `k AvqvZ
wZjvIqvZ K‡ib|
Bgvg eyLvix (i.) Av`veyj gydiv‡`, bvmvC, nv‡Kg I evqnvKx (i.) cÖgyL BqvwR` Be‡b
evebym ‡_‡K eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡jbÑ Avgiv nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.) Gi wbKU wRÁvmv Kijvg, ivm~j
(mv.) Gi PwiÎ gvayh© †Kgb wQj? wZwb ej‡jb, Zuvi PwiÎ nj Avj KziAvb| Gici wZwb m~iv
gywgb~‡bi cÖ_g `k AvqvZ wZjvIqvZ K‡i ej‡jb, G¸‡jv nj ivm~j (mv.) Gi PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx|
Zvici c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi †hvMm~Î3 eY©bv K‡i m~iv gyÕwgb Gi cÖ_g 11
Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi wØZxq AvqvZ-
‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ھﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻼﺗﮭﻢ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﻮن‬
(ÔmdjKvg †m gyÕwgbMY, hviv Zv‡ì bvgv‡R webqx _v‡KÕ|) Gi e¨vL¨vq G MÖ‡š’i
gydvmwmi ‫ ﺧﺸﻮع‬Z_v Ôwebq cÖKvkÕ Gi wbqg-bxwZ m¤ú‡K© A‡bK gbxlxi e³e¨ Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb|4 AZci ÔcÖK…Z gyÕwg‡bi êwkó¨Õ, 5 ÔRxeb mvqv‡ý gvby‡li Ae¯’vÕ,6 ÔAvj‡g
eiR‡Li weeiYÕ,7 ÔAvgj cwigv‡ci cÖwµqvÕ,8 ÔKv‡di‡ì †kvPbxq cwiYwZÕ9 I ÔcweÎ
KziAv‡bi eY©bv ˆkjxÕ 10 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g m~iv gyÕwg‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
3. c~e©eZx m~ivi †kl AvqvZ wQj ‫ واﻓﻌﻠﻮا اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﻔﻠﺤﻮن‬Avi G m~ivi cÖ_g AvqvZ nj ‫ﻗﺪاﻓﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻮن‬
G †hb mdjZv jv‡fi avivevwnK Av‡jvPbv|
(‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.)
4. ÔLyïÕ ev webq Gi e¨vL¨vq wewfbœ gbxlx wewfbœ iK‡gi e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb-
GK. AwaKvsk ZvdmxiKvi e‡j‡Qb, Kv‡iv m¤§y‡L fxZ mš¿¯Í Ae¯’vq nvwRi nIqv Ges Zuvi m¤§vb
I f‡q m¤ú~Y© fxZ I bxie _vKvi bvgB nj ÔLyïÕ|
`yB. nvmvb emix (i.) e‡jb, hv‡ì AšÍ‡i Avjøvni fq we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì‡K ejv n‡q‡Q|
wZb. gyKvwZj (i.) e‡j‡Qb, hviv webqx, hviv KvKzwZ-wgbvwZ K‡i ZvivB nj|
Pvi. gyRvwn` (i.) Gi g‡Z, hviv wb‡Pi w`‡K bRi iv‡L, hviv wb‡Ri AvIqvR‡K †QvU K‡i Ges
webxZ n‡q ìev‡i Gjvnx‡Z nvwRi nq ZvivB nj|
cuvP. nhiZ Avjx (iv.) e‡jb, bvgv‡R Gw`K-†mw`K bv ZvKv‡bvB nj ÔLyïÕ|
Qq. nhiZ mvqx` web hyev‡qi (iv) e‡j‡Qb, bvgv‡R Ggb Ae¯’vq `Ðvqgvb nIqv †h, Wv‡b-euv‡q
†K Av‡Q Zvi LeiI bv ivLv, Avi Wv‡b euv‡q `„wócvZ bv KivB nj ÔLyïÕ|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 6)
5. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 63
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 99
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 100
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 107
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 110

10. cÖv¸³, c„. 122
AZci G L‡Ði 125 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv b~‡ii Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g G m~iv
m¤ú‡K© nhiZ Igi (iv.) Gi e³e¨ ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb Kzdvevmx‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU
digvb Rvix K‡i wQ‡jb| Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì ¯¿x‡ì‡K m~iv b~i wkÿv `vI|Õ11
Zvici m~iv b~‡ii g~j e³e¨ D‡jøL K‡i G Zvdmx‡ii gydvmwmi †j‡Lb- Ôme© cÖ_g G
m~ivi ¸iæZ¡ Abyave‡bi I Dc‡`k MÖn‡Yi ZvwM` Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici e¨vwfPv‡ii kvw¯Í
†NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici e¨vwfPv‡ii Acev‡ì kvw¯Í ‡NvlYv KiZ GK ch©v‡q D¤gyj
gyÕwgbxb nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) Gi Pwi‡Îi wb®‹jylZv †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ae‡k‡l
ZvInx‡ì weeiY I AvwLiv‡Zi ¯§i‡Yi ZvwM` cÖ`vb K‡i m~iv †kl Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ 12
AZci m~iv b~‡ii cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b e¨vwfPv‡ii kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi wbqg wK n‡e G e¨vcv‡i BgvgM‡Yi
gZvgZ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨vwfPv‡ii K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weav‡bi Zvrch© I eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q|13 G m~ivi 11 bs AvqvZ- (ÔwbðqB hviv G Acev` iPbv K‡i‡Q Zviv †Zv
†Zvgv‡ìB GK`j|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq G MÖ‡š’i gydvmwmi nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) Gi cÖwZ
Av‡ivwcZ Acev‡ì we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| 14 G m~ivi 26 bs AvqvZ- (ÔZviv
hv wKQy e‡j Acev` †`q, Giv Zv †_‡K cweÎ| G‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q ÿgv I m¤§vbRbK
RxweKvÕ|) Gi e¨vL¨vq nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) Gi wKQy we‡kl êwkó¨ 15
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 125

12. cÖv¸³, c„. 127
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 138
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 155-161
15. nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) Gi A‡bK¸‡jv we‡kl êwk‡óï K‡qKwU wbgœiƒc:
GK. we‡qi c~‡e© wReªvCj (Av.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi Kv‡Q Zuvi GKwU Qwe †ikgx Kvc‡o Rwo‡q wb‡q
G‡m e‡jwQ‡jb, Bwb Avcbvi ¯¿x|
I we‡kl wKQy dwhjZ16 eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AZci ÔZIev I G‡¯ÍMdviÕ,17 Ôb~‡ii Zvrch©Õ,
18
ÔgybvwdKivB RvwjgÕ,19 ÔD¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`xqvi êwkó¨Õ20 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv b~‡ii
we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 323 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv dziKv‡bi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g G
m~ivi cÖ_g `yB Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|21
Zvici ÔwcÖq bex (mv.) n‡jb GKgvÎ Kvwgj ev›`vÕ, 22 Ômei Aej¤^‡bi ZvwM`Õ 23
BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g G m~ivi cÖ_g 20 Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi eY©bv K‡i G L‡Ði mgvwß Uvbv
n‡q‡Q|
`yB. wZwbB ivm~j (mv.) Gi GKgvÎ Kzgvix ¯¿x|

wZb. B‡šÍKv‡ji mgq Zuvi ‡Kv‡jB ûRyi (mv.) Gi gv_v †gveviK wQj|
Pvi. Zuvi ûRiv‡Z wek¦bex (mv.) †K `vdb Kiv nq|
cuvP. ïay wZwb Ges ivm~j (mv.) GK Pv`‡i Ave„Z _vKv Ae¯’vq Anx bvwhj nZ|
Qq. Zuvi DËg Pwi‡Îi mvwU©wd‡KU Avmgvb †_‡K †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mvZ. Zuvi ÿgv I wih&K cÖ`v‡bi Iqv`v cweÎ KziAv‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 191
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 216
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 138
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 280
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 289
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 323
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 326
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 348
Ebwesk LÐ
(m~iv dyiKv‡bi 21 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv ïÔAviv m¤ú~Y© I m~iv bvg&j 1-
59 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)

Ebwesk LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1994 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb nv‡dR gyBbyj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi 4_© cÖKvk msL¨vwU Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU wbD Gm,
Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 309 I g~j¨ 300
UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wZb c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| m~iv dziKv‡bi 21 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv ïÔAviv m¤ú~Y© I m~iv bvg&j
1-59 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd
D‡jøL c~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔEbwesk LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv
dziKv‡bi 21-26 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G
m~ivi 32 bs AvqvZ- (ÔGes †n ivmyj! Avcbvi gb‡K AwePj ivLvi Rb¨B Avwg
Ggbfv‡e KziAvb bvwRj K‡iwQ| Avi µ‡g µ‡g ¯úófv‡e Avcbv‡K Zv cvV K‡i
ïwb‡qwQ|) Gi e¨vL¨vq cweÎ KziAvb GKm‡½ bvwRj bv K‡i Aí Aí K‡i †Kb bvwRj
Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci we‡kølY ag©x AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi GKwU Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q2|
1. ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, Ebwesk LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2011 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cweÎ KziAvb Aí Aí K‡i bvwRj Kivi KviY mg~n wbgœiƒc:
GK. gyL¯Í K‡i Zv Avq‡Z¡ ivLv I Gi gg©evYx‡K Dcjwä Kiv‡bvi Rb¨|
`yB. AšÍ‡i Gi gg©evYx‡K e×g~j K‡i †`qvi Rb¨|
AZci ÔKv‡di‡ì fqven cwiYwZÕ,3 ÔKv‡diiv PZz®ú` Rš‘i †P‡qI AagÕ,4 ÔAvjøvn
ZvÔAvjvi ‰bKU¨ jv‡fi cš’vÕ,5 Ôfimv ïay Avjøvni DciÕ, 6 ÔcÖK…Z ev›`vi cwiPqÕ,7 I
ÔRvnvbœv‡gi wKQy weeiYÕ8 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv dziKv‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q|
Zvici G L‡Ði 93 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv ïÔAvivi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g 4 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L G m~ivi bvgKiY,9 c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ Gi
†hvMm~Î Dc¯’vcb I m~iv ïÔAvivi dwRjZ eY©bv K‡i ZiRgv Ges Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q|
wZb. mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL nIqvi ci Anxi gva¨‡g ZvrÿwbK mgvavb cvwV‡q gywgbM‡Yi g‡bvej e„w×
Kivi Rb¨|
Pvi. we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK AvqvZ bvwRj K‡i KziAv‡bi gwngv‡K Av‡iv weKwkZ K‡i ‡Zvjvi Rb¨|
cuvP. evievi wReªvCj (Av.) Gi AvMgb NwU‡q gywgbM‡Yi g‡b mvnm mÂq Kivi Rb¨|
Qq. `yivZ¥v Kv‡di‡ì bZzb loh‡š¿i gyKvwejvi bZzb AvqvZ bvwRj K‡i ivm~j (Av.) †K mvšÍ¡bv
cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨|
mvZ. wKQy weavb ¯’wMZ K‡i bZzb wKQy weavb cÖeZ©b Kivi Rb¨|
AvU. wReªvCj (Av.) †K evievi cvwV‡q ivm~j (mv.) Gi †kªªôZ¡ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨|
bq. Kv‡di‡ì bZzb bZzb DÌvwcZ cÖ‡kœi Reve cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨|
`k. Kv‡di‡ì cÖwZ P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e Aí Aí bvwRj Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv hw` mÿg nq, Zvn‡j G
Aí Aí Avqv‡Zi Abyiƒc AvqvZ evwb‡q wb‡q AvmyK|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.20-21)
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 37
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 42
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 54
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 63
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 67
9. G m~ivi 224 bs Avqv‡Z Kwe‡ì Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvB ïÔAviv bv‡g G m~ivi bvgKiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| ZË¡ÁvbxMY e‡j‡Qb, Kwe‡ì Av‡jvPbv G Rb¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Avi Avw¤^qv‡q
wKiv‡gi g‡a¨ †h †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q Zv cÖKvwkZ n‡q hvq| Avw¤^qv‡q wKiv‡gi e³‡e¨ _v‡K wn`vqvZ
Avi Kwe‡ì e³‡e¨ _v‡K mvgwqK Avb›`|
m~ivi ïiæ‡Z Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jbÑ Ô(†n ivm~j!) Zviv gyÕwgb nq bv e‡j Avcwb wK
`y:†L wb‡R‡K aŸs‡mi gy‡L †V‡j †`‡eb? Avwg B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡ì Dci AvKvk †_‡K
Ggb GK wb`k©b bvwRj Ki‡Z cvwi, hvi d‡j Zvi m¤§y‡L Zv‡ì MÖxev bZ n‡q co‡e|Õ
G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ÔwcÖq bex (mv:) †K mvšÍ¡bvÕ 10 wk‡ivbv‡g A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci ch©vqµ‡g ÔnhiZ gymv (Av:) Gi gywRhvi Zvrch©Õ,11
Ôhv`yKi‡ì GLjvm I cwiYwZÕ,12 Ô‡diAvD‡bi aŸsmÕ,13 mvgy` RvwZi AvevmÕ,14
ÔAvjøvni ingZ jv‡fi c~e©kZ©Õ,15 ÔcweÎ KziAvb Kve¨ bqÕ 16 I ÔKv‡di‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨
mZK©evYxÕ 17 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi e¨vL¨v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici G m~ivi
‡kl AvqvZ
(ÔAvi AZ¨vPvixiv AwP‡iB Rvb‡Z cvi‡e †Kv_vq Zv‡ì
MšÍe¨¯’jÕ|) Gi e¨vL¨vq ÔnhiZ Avey eKi (iv.) Gi AvwmqZÕ 18 bvgK GKwU wk‡ivbvg
w`‡q G cÖm‡½ wKQy Av‡jvPbv K‡i G m~ivi Zvdmxi mgvß K‡ib|
10. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.103

11. cÖv¸³, c„. 122
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 132, 135
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 135
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 187
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 220
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 227
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 235
18. Be‡b Avwe nv‡Zg wj‡L‡Qb, nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) e‡jb, AveŸvRvb Zuvi AvwmqZ bvgvq `yÕwU QÎ
wj‡L‡Qb, Avi Zv njÑ Ôwemwgjøvwni ivn&gvwbi ivwng| GwU nj †mB AvwmqZ hv Avey eKi Be‡b Avwe
Kznvdv `ywbqv †_‡K we`v‡qi mgq wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| GwU Ggb GK mgq hLb Kv‡diI Cgvb Av‡b,
e`Kvi †jvKI †bKKvi n‡q hvq, Avi wg_¨vev`x e¨w³I mZ¨ K_v e‡j| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Dci Igi
Bebyj LvËve‡K Avgvi ¯’jvwfwl³ K‡iwQ, hw` wZwb b¨vq wePvi Kv‡qg K‡ib, Avi Zuvi e¨vcv‡i Avwg
ZvB Avkv Kwi| cÿvšÍ‡i hw` wZwb Ryjyg K‡ib Z‡e ....................................................
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.235)
Zvici G L‡Ði 236 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Avb bvg&j Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ Zvmwgqv D‡jøL K‡i G m~ivi cÖ_g cuvP Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi
ZiRgv cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g ÔnhiZ `vD` I nhiZ myjvqgvb (Av.) Gi
cÖwZ Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi we‡kl `vbÕ 19 ÔcvLx‡ì fvlvÕ,20 ÔnhiZ `vD` (Av.) Gi g„Zz¨Õ,
21
ÔnhiZ myjvqgvb (Av.) Gi ˆmb¨ evwnbx‡ZÕ, 22 wccxwjKvi Rxeb avivÕ, 23 ÔmvevÕ, 24
ÔwejwK‡mi Dc‡XŠKbÕ 25 I ÔBmjvg MÖn‡Yi ci wejwK‡mi Ae¯’vÕ 26 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg
w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 258
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 258
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 262
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 264
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 274
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 285
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 298
wekZg LÐ
(m~iv bvg&j Gi 60 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ n‡q m~iv Kvmvm m¤ú~Y© I m~iv AvbKveyZ 1-44 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)

wekZg LÐwU 1994 L„. Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` gCbyj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔcÂg cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU 2012 L„. wbD
Gm, Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 229 Ges g~j¨
250 UvKv|
m~iv bvg&j Gi 60 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv Kvmvm m¤ú~Y© I m~iv AvbKveyZ Gi
1-44 bs ch©šÍ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ`
kixd D‡jøL c~e©K G ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔwekZg LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci
myiv bvg&j Gi 60-62 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡ZB ZvInx‡ì cÖgvY mve¨¯Í Ki‡Z wM‡q gydvmwmi cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv
bvg&j Gi 60 Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq KziAvb Kvix‡gi Ab¨vb¨ m~ivi 20wU AvqvZ Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b wZwb `„pZvi mv‡_ GK_v cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, GK Avjøvn e¨ZxZ
hw` AviI †Kvb Bjvn Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vKZ Zvn‡j m„wó RM‡Zi G myk„sLj eë¯’vcbvq
A‡bK Av‡MB †Mvj‡hvM †`Lv w`Z|
G m~ivi 82 bs AvqvZ (ÔAvi hLb †NvwlZ kvw¯Í Zv‡ì wbKU G‡m co‡e, ZLb
Avwg gvwUi Mf© †_‡K †ei Kie Ggb GK Rxe hv Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡e| G Rb¨ †h
†jv‡Kiv Avgvi wb`k©b mg~‡n Awek¦vmx wQj|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq Ô`veŸvZzj Avi`Õ3 wk‡ivbv‡g
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, wekZg LÐ, cÂg cÖKvk, 2012 L„. c„. f~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 2-5
3. wKqvgv‡Zi c~‡e© g°vi mvdv ce©ZwU we`xY© n‡e, †mLvb †_‡K GKwU we¯§qKi cÖvYx †ei n‡e| †m
gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡e| Zvi PviwU cv _vK‡e| Zvi gv_v n‡e Miæ gv_vi b¨vq, †PvL n‡e ïK‡ii
†Pv‡Li b¨vq, Kvb n‡e nvwZi Kv‡bi b¨vq, cuvRi n‡e weov‡ji cuvR‡ii b¨vq| Zvi cv n‡e D‡Ui
cv‡qi b¨vq, Zvi wbKU gymv (Av.) Gi jvwV _vK‡e, myjvqgvb (Av.) Gi AvswU _vK‡e, cÖ‡Z¨K
gyÕwg‡bi Kcv‡j jvwV Øviv wPý †`‡e, d‡j Zvi †Pnviv †R¨vwZg©q n‡e| Kvwd‡ii †Pnvivq AvswU Øviv
wPý †`‡e, cwiYv‡g †Pnviv K„ò eY© aviY Ki‡e| gyÕwgb I Kvwd‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡q hv‡e|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Avmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 22-25)
wKqvgv‡Zi c~‡e© Rwgb †d‡U †ei nIqv GK we¯§qKi cÖvYxi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| AZci Ô‡n`v‡qZ jv‡fi c~e©kZ©,Õ4 Ô‡Kqvg‡Zi c~‡e©i Ae¯’vÕ5 I Ô‡bK
Avg‡ji ïf cwiYwZ6 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q m~iv bvg&j Gi Dci we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi †ck
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 43 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Kvmvm Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g cuvP Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© ÔG m~ivi mv‡_ c~e©eZ©x m~ivi m¤úK©Õ wb‡q e¨vcK Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi ‰kke Kvj I wdiAvD‡bi evox‡Z Zuvi jvjb
cvjb cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|8 GLv‡b cÖm½Z nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi
bvg †Kb gymv ivLv n‡qwQj ZvI eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|9 G m~ivi 26 bs AvqvZ (ÔbvixØ‡qi
GKRb ejj, †n AveŸvRvb! Avcwb Zv‡K Kg©Pvix wbhy³ Kiæb, †Kbbv Avcbvi Kg©Pvix
wn‡m‡e †m e¨w³B DËg n‡e †h kw³kvjx, wek¦¯Í|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq nhiZ ïqvBe (Av.)
Gi Kb¨vi eyw×gËv wb‡q nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) GKwU e³e¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb: wZb e¨w³i b¨vq eyw×gvb Ges cwiYvg`k©x cvIqv hvqbv| GK. nhiZ Avey
eKi (iv.)| wZwb nhiZ Igi (iv.) †K Zuvi cieZ©x Lwjdv wbe©vPb K‡i eyw×gËvi
cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| `yB. nhiZ BDmyd (Av.) Gi †µZv| wZwb Zuv‡K GKbRi †`‡LB wP‡b
†d‡jwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi ¯¿x‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, G‡K fvjfv‡e †i‡Lv| wZb. nhiZ ïqvBe
(Av.) Gi Kb¨v| whwb Zuvi wcZvi Kv‡Q nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi e¨vcv‡i mycvwik
K‡iwQ‡jb|10
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 22
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 30
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 38
7. c~e©eZx© m~iv bvg‡ji cÖvi‡¤¢ cweÎ KziAv‡bi mZ¨Zvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| Avi G m~ivI cweÎ KziAv‡bi
mZ¨Zvi †NvlYv w`‡qB ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ: G m~ivi ïiæ‡ZI c~‡e©i m~ivi b¨vq nhiZ gymv
(Av.) Gi Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…ZxqZ: m~iv bvg&‡j †hfv‡e bex-ivm~jM‡Yi Av‡jvPbvi ci
ZvInx‡ì Av‡jvPbv AZci Av‡Liv‡Zi Av‡jvPbv D‡jøL K‡i m~ivi mgvwß Uvbv n‡q‡Q, wVK G
m~iv‡ZI nhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi e¨vcv‡i we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi ci ZvInx‡ì Dci `jxj-cÖgvY †ck
K‡i Av‡Liv‡Zi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q m~ivi mgvwß Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 44-45)
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 52-57
9. ewY©Z Av‡Q, †jv‡Kiv AvwQqv‡K ejj, GB wcÖq `k©b wkïwUi bvg ivLv †nvK AvwQqv ej‡jb, Avwg Zvi
bvg ivLjvg gymv| †Kbbv Avgiv Zv‡K cvwb Ges e„‡ÿi gv‡S †c‡qwQ| ÔgyÕ A_© cvwb, Avi ÔmvÕ A_©
e„ÿ|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³. c„. 63)
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 81

AZci ch©vqµ‡g ÔnhiZ gymv (Av.) Gi jvwVi BwZK_vÕ,11 Ôwgm‡ii c‡_ nhiZ gymv
(Av.Õ)12, ÔwdiAvD‡bi J×Z¨Õ13, ÔKviæ‡Yi cwiwPwZ I cwiYwZÕ14, BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg
w`‡q m~iv Kvmvm Gi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 178 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv
AvbKveyZ Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask
wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZiRgvi ciciB G m~ivi mv‡_
c~e©eZ©x m~ivi †hvMm~Î15 m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci ch©vqµ‡g
ÔKv‡di‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ mZK©evYxÕ16 Ô‡gv‡gb‡ì Rb¨ mymsev`,Õ17 ÔAvjøvni ingZ AbšÍ
Amxg,Õ18 ÔnhiZ Beªvnxg (Av.) Gi wnRiZÕ19 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ
Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 84

12. cÖv¸³, c„. 84
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 97
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 151-153
15. m~iv Kvmvm I m~iv AvbKveyZ Gi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi †hvMm~Î wn‡m‡e hv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Zv nj-
GK. m~iv Kvmv‡mi †kl w`‡KÕ Avqv‡Z Kvixgvi gva¨‡g
g°v weR‡qi mymsev` †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avi m~iv AvbKvey‡Zi ïiæ‡Z G weRq †h mnR bq; G Rb¨ PvB
Pig Z¨v‡Mi gvbwmKZv Zv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`yB. m~iv Kvmv‡m ebx BmivC‡ji Dci wdiAvD‡bi Ryjy‡gi eY©bv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi G m~ivq
gyÕwgbM‡Yi Dci g°vi KzivBk‡ì Ryj‡gi Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
wZb. m~iv Kvmv‡m AZ¨vPvix wdiAvD‡bi Ryj‡gi Aemv‡bi msev` cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi m~iv
AvbKvey‡Z KzivBk‡ì Ryj‡gi Aemv‡bi cÖ”Qbœ Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 185
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 186
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 207
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 211
GKzkZg LÐ
(m~iv AvbKveyZ Gi 45 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ n‡q m~iv iæg, m~iv †jvKgvb, m~iv
mvR`v m¤ú~Y© I m~iv Avnhv‡ei 30 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
GKzkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1994 L„. wW‡m¤î gv‡m me© cÖ_g
cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` knx`yj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng`
†ivW, eøK-G, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi Ô3q cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU
wbD Gm, Avi, wcÖw›Us †cÖm, divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 338 I
g~j¨ 350 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wZb c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| m~iv AvbKveyZ Gi 45 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ n‡q m~iv iæg, m~iv †jvKgvb, m~iv
mvR`v m¤ú~Y© I m~iv Avnhv‡ei 30 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g
Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔGKzkZg LÐÕ kãwU
†jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv AvbKvey‡Zi 45-47 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv
I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi 32 bs AvqvZ
(ÔbvgvR Kv‡qg Kiæb; wbðq bvgvR Akøxj I g›` KvR †_‡K weiZ iv‡LÕ) Gi e¨vL¨vq
ÔbvgvR g›` KvR †_‡K weiZ iv‡LÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ejv nqÑ bvgv‡Ri Kvi‡Y gvbe g‡b
Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi f‡qi D‡`ªK nq, Avi Zv gvbyl‡K cvcvPvi †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i| Avjøvgv evMfx (i.) wj‡L‡Qb, Be‡b AveŸvm I Be‡b gvmD` (iv.)
e‡j‡QbÑbvgv‡Ri g‡a¨ cvcvPvi cÖwZ‡iva Kivi kw³ Av‡Q| hvi bvgvR Zv‡K Ab¨vq
†_‡K weiZ iv‡L bv †m bvgvR Zvi Rb¨ wec‡ì KviY n‡e| nvmvb emix I KvZv`v
(i.)I e‡j‡Qb, †m bvgvR Zv‡K Avjøvni ìevi †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q †`q|2
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, GKzkZg LÐ, Z…Zxq cÖKvk, 2011 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
AZci G m~ivi 56 bs AvqvZ
Ô(†n Avgvi gyÕwgb ev›`vMY! wbðq Avgvi c„w_ex cÖk¯Í, AZGe †Zvgiv ïay AvgviB
e‡›`Mx Ki|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gydvmwmi e‡jb- G AvqvZ Øviv ivm~j (mv.) †K wnRiZ
Kivi wb‡`©k3 †`qv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 50 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv iæ‡gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 5 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 3 bs AvqvZ (ÔG civR‡qi ci cybivq Zviv kªxNÖB weRq jvf
Ki‡e|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gydvmwmi ÔRq civRq Avjøvni nv‡ZÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q PzovšÍ weRq
†h Rvwjg‡ì nq bv Zv wZwb eZ©gvb Kv‡ji4 K‡qKwU D`vniY w`‡q eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
Zvici Ôm„wói ey‡K wKqvg‡Zi cÖgvY,Õ 5 Ôgvbe m„wói BwZK_vÕ, 6 Ôgvby‡li cÖavbZg
KZ©e¨Õ,7
3. wnRi‡Zi Av‡`k cÖm‡½ ZvdwmiKvi gyRvwn` (i.) e‡jb, G Avqv‡Zi A_© nj, Avgvi c„w_ex AwZ cÖk¯Í|
AZGe, †Zvgiv †`k Z¨vM K‡i †hLv‡b m¤¢e P‡j hvI Ges †mLv‡b †cŠu‡Q Kv‡di‡ì weiæ‡× †Rnv`
Ki| ZvdmxiKvi mvC` Be‡b RyevBi G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq e‡jbÑ hLb †Kvb GjvKvq mPivPi ¸bvn
n‡Z _v‡K ZLb †mLvb †_‡K †ei n‡q co, †Kbbv Avgvi c„w_ex A‡bK cÖk¯Í|
gvZivd Be‡b Ave`yjøvn e‡jb, Rwgb cÖk¯Í nIqvi Zvrch© nj, Avgvi wiwh&K Amxg| AZGe †Zvgiv
†`k Z¨vM Ki, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì wih&K †è|
4. G AvqvZ Øviv G K_v cÖgvwbZ nq †h, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv hv‡K weRqx Ki‡Z Pvb †m-B weRq jvf K‡i| G
K_vwU †Kvb hy‡Mi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ bq; eis me©Kv‡ji Rb¨B Zv cÖ‡hvR¨| 1939 L„. wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i cÖ_g
wZb eQi wnUjvi jvMvZvi weRq jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K, G‡Z Zvi AnwgKv e„w× cvq| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z †m ïay
civwRZ nq wb; eis †m GK ch©v‡q AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| wVK Ggwbfv‡e mv‡eK civkw³
†mwf‡qZ BDwbqb 1979 L„. AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Dci Avµgb K‡i| cÖ_g w`‡K gymjgvbMY‡K AKvZ‡i
knx` Ki‡jI cieZ©x‡Z ïay civwRZB nq wb; eis Pig fv‡e jvwÂZ I AcgvwbZ n‡q 1991 L„. †f‡½
Pz‡i Lvb Lvb n‡q †M‡Q|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³ c„.59)
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 78
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 80
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 82
ÔbvRvZ jv‡fi DcKiYÕ, 8 ÔKvwdi‡ì wewPÎ PwiÎ,Õ 9 ÔmyL-`~:L Avjøvn ZvÕAvjviB
wbqš¿‡YÕ 10 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q m~iv iæ‡gi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
G L‡Ði 143 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv †jvKgv‡bi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g 10 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask Zz‡j a‡i Zvi e½vbyev` †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci
G m~ivi bvgKiY 11 cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi †hvMm~Î12
cÖm‡½ ejv nqÑc~e©eZx m~ivi †kl Avqv‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi mZ¨Zv Ges Av‡jŠwKK‡Z¡i
cÖwZ Bw½Z wQj| Avi G m~ivi cÖ_g Avqv‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi mZ¨Zvi K_v †NvlYv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| c~e©eZ©x m~ivi ïiæ‡Z †m me †jv‡Ki cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q hviv Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi
Iqv`vi Dci Av¯’v ¯’vcb K‡i| Avi G m~ivi ïiæ‡Z †m me †jv‡Ki cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q
hviv Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi mv‡_ K…Z Iqv`v c~Y© K‡i| c~e©eZ©x m~ivi †k‡l wKqvg‡Zi D‡jøL
K‡i
8. m~iv iæ‡gi 31 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ÔbvRvZ jv‡fi DcKiYÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q eY©bv Kiv nq, nhiZ Igi
(iv.) gvÔAvR Be‡b Rvevj (iv.) †K G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v wRÁvmv K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, G Avqv‡Z
wZbwU wel‡qi D‡jøL Av‡Q, Avi G wZbwU welqB Av‡Liv‡Z bvRvZ jv‡fi †gŠj Dcv`vbÑ
GK. GLjvm| A_©vr Rxeb I Rxe‡bi hveZxq Kg©KvÛ GK Avjøvni mš‘wó jv‡fi Rb¨ n‡Z n‡e|
`yB. bvgvR| Avi ZvB nj Øx‡bi wfwË|
wZb. GZvÔAvZ| A_©vr Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi cÖwZ cwic~Y© AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv| Avi GwUB nj gvby‡li Rb¨
†`vh‡Li Avhve †_‡K iÿv Keh| nhiZ gvÔAvR Be‡b Rvevj (iv.) Gi e¨vL¨v ï‡b nhiZ Igi
(iv.) ej‡jb, Avcwb wVK e‡jQb|
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 106
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 170
11. G m~ivq †jvKgvb nvKx‡gi NUbv mwe¯Ív‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, ZvB m~ivwU‡K G bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AwaKvsk Ijvgv G e¨vcv‡i GKgZ †h wZwb AZ¨šÍ Ávbx e¨w³ wQ‡jb; wKš‘ bex wQ‡jb bv| wZwb
my`v‡bi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| Zuvi †ckv m¤ú‡K© wfbœ wfbœ gZ cvIqv hvq| †Kn e‡j‡QbÑ wZwb †ckvq
wQ‡jb KvV wgw¯¿| †KD e‡jb, wZwb `R©xi KvR Ki‡Zb| †KD e‡jb, wZwb eKix Piv‡Zb|
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 145
Av‡jvPbv mgvß Kiv n‡qwQj| Avi G m~ivi †k‡l wKqvg‡Zi e¨vcv‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv
msNwUZ nIqvi mgq Avjøvn e¨ZxZ †KD Rv‡b bv| Zvici Ô‡nKg‡Zi Zvrch©Õ,13
ÔwkiK nj gnvcvcÕ,14 Ô‡jvKgvb nvKx‡gi Dc‡`kÕ,15 m~‡h©i MšÍe¨ †Kv_vq?Õ 16 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv †jvKgv‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici 254bs c„ôv
†_‡K m~iv Avnhv‡ei e¨vL¨v ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex
Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvici Ôbexi mv‡_ D¤§‡Zi m¤úK©Õ,17
ÔAvnhve hy×Õ, 18 ÔCgv‡bi cixÿvÕ, 19 ÔgyÕwgb I gybvwd‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨,Õ 20 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g G m~ivi Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
evBkZg LÐ
(m~iv Avnhv‡ei 31 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© Ask, m~iv dvwZi m¤ú~Y© Ges m~iv
Bqvwm‡bi 21 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)
evBkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1995 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKwkZ nq| Gi
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔcÂg cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| G LÐwU 2012 L„.
wbD Gm, Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 367 I
g~j¨ 350 UvKv|
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 165
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 161
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 175
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 191
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 266
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 276
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 301
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 314
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 22 Zg LÐ, cÂg cÖKvk, 2012 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
m~iv Avnhv‡ei 31 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© Ask, m~iv dvwZi m¤ú~Y© Ges m~iv Bqvwm‡bi
21 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd
D‡jøLc~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| 32 bs Avqv‡Zi
Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| 32 bs AvqvZ
(‡n bex cZ¥xMY! †Zvgiv Ab¨ bvix‡ì gZ bI, hw` †Zvgiv Avjøvn †K fq Ki Zvn‡j
ci cyiæ‡li mv‡_ †Kvgj K‡Ú K_v e‡jvbv|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq me bvix‡ì Dci D¤§vnvZzj
gyÕwgbxbM‡Yi dwRjZ2 cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 33 bs AvqvZ
(Ges †Zvgiv M„‡nB Ae¯’vb Ki, cÖ_g Rv‡nwjqv hy‡Mi bvix‡ì gZ wb‡R‡ì‡K cÖ`k©b
Kibv|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq c`©vnxbZvi 7wU fqven cwiYwZ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| 1. hviv c`©vnxb
Zv‡ì gv‡S wbj©¾Zv m„wó nq| 2. c`©vnxbZv e¨vwfPv‡ii N„Y¨ Øvi Db¥y³ K‡i| 3.
mgv‡R A‰ea mšÍv‡bi Avwef©ve N‡U| 4. ch©vqµ‡g eskaviv webó nq| 5. c`©vnxbZv
mgv‡R †envqcbv Qwo‡q †`q| 6. c`©vnxb ¯^vgx-¯¿x cvi¯úwiK wek¦vmnxbZvi Ke‡j
AvµvšÍ nq| 7. c`©vnxbZvi †kvPbxq cwiYv‡g cvwievwiK fv½b m„wó nq| cvðvZ¨ mgvR
eë¯’v hvi cÖK…ó D`vniY|3 AZci ch©vqµ‡g ÔLZ‡g beyq¨‡Zi e¨vL¨v,Õ4 ÔwmivRyg
gybxivi Zvrch©Õ, 5 Ôc`©v cÖ_vi ¸iæZ¡Õ, 6 ÔAvgvb‡Zi Zvrch©Õ7 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G
m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. Avjøvgv mvbvDjøvn cvwbc_x (i.) e‡jb, G AvqvZ Øviv GK_v cÖgvwYZ nq †h, mKj bvix‡ì †P‡q D”P
gh©v`v m¤úbœ n‡jb D¤§vnvZzj gyÕwgbxbMY| nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~j (mv.) Zuvi ¯¿xMY‡K
jÿ¨ K‡i e‡jb, mgMÖ we‡k¦i ¯¿x‡jvK‡ì Dci †Zvgv‡ì gh©v`v h‡_ó| mnxn eyLvix‡Z G‡m‡Q, ivm~j
(mv.) e‡j‡Qb, †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ Avwqkvi †kªôZ¡ nj Ggb, †hgb Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ mvix‡ì †kªôZ¡| ivm~j
(mv.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci Zuvi ¯¿xMY‡K Ab¨ Kv‡iv Rb¨ we‡q Kiv Rv‡qR bq; GUvB Zuv‡ì m‡e©v”P
gh©v`vi cÖK…ó cÖgvY| (†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 4-07)
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 14
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 51
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 71
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 123
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 140
G L‡Ði 149 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv mvev Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g ÔnhiZ `vD` (Av.) Gi we‡kl dwRjZ,Õ8 Ômvev RvwZi
cwiYwZÕ, 9 ÔKv‡di‡ì kvw¯ÍÕ,10 ÔAvjøvni ˆbKU¨ jv‡fi cš’vÕ, 11 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q
m~iv mvevi Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 252 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv dvwZi Gi
Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi
ZiRgv Dc¯’vcb K‡i G m~ivi bvgKiY I c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi m¤úK© Kx Zv
eY©bv K‡i AvqvZ ¸‡jvi Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| bvgKiY cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡QÑ
ÔdvwZiÕ kãwUi A_© mªóv| Avi G m~ivi ïiæ‡ZB mªóv I cvjbKZ©v Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi
m„wó-ˆbc~‡Yï K_v i‡q‡Q, ZvB G m~iv‡K G bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 12 G m~ivi 29
bs AvqvZ-
Gi e¨vL¨vq ÔRxeb‡K mv_©K Kivi wZbwU Kg©m~PxÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q gydvmwmi AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| 13
8. beyq¨Z Ges ev`kvnx mvaviYZ G `yÕwU GKwÎZ nq bv, wKš‘ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv `vD` (Av.) †K G `yÕwU
wbÔAvgvZB `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi mv‡_ Zuv‡K hveyi wKZveI `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi mygayi KÚ wQj Zuvi
cÖwZ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi we‡kl wbÕAvgvZ| Avi ¯úk© Kiv gvÎ †jŠn big n‡q hvIqvi gyÔwRhvI Zuv‡K `vb
Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb hLb Zvmexn cvV Ki‡Zb ZLb ce©Zgvjv I cÿxK~j Zuvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvmexn cvV
ïiæ KiZ| (†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 172)
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 188
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 223
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 230
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 253
13. wZbwU Ggb welq †h ¸‡jv Rxe‡b wbwðZ mdjZv G‡b †`q| Avi Zv njÑ
GK. wZjvIqv‡Z KziAvb: GwU †hb Avjøvni mv‡_ ev›`vi K_v‡cvK_b|
`yB. h_vwbq‡g bvgvR Av`vq: GwU Øx‡bi Ab¨Zg LyuwU| hv ev›`v‡K mªóvi mvwbœ‡a¨ wb‡q hvq|
wZb. cÖKv‡k¨ I †Mvc‡b Avjøvn iv¯Ívq `vb: GUv Av‡Liv‡Zi eëmvq cyuwR| hv‡Z ÿwZi we›`y gvÎ
AvksKv †bB| (†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 303)
AZci ÔBmjv‡gi †gŠwjK wkÿvÕ, 14 ÔAvwjgM‡Yi gh©v`v,Õ 15 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q m~iv
dvwZ‡ii we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| AZci G L‡Ði 340 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv
Bqvwm‡bi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g bq Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask
wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici Ôm~iv Bqvwm‡bi dwhjZÕ, 16
Ôc~e©eZx m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi †hvMm~ÎÕ 17 ÔGbZvwKqvi NUbvÕ 18 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q
m~iv Bqvwm‡bi cÖ_g GKzk Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi eY©bv K‡i G L‡Ði mgvwß Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
‡ZBkZg LÐ
(m~iv Bqvwm‡bi 22 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv mvd&dvZ, m~iv †Qvqv` m¤ú~Y© I m~iv hygvi
Gi 31 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)

†ZBkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1995 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKwkZ nq| Gi
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi PZz_© cÖKvk Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| G LÐwU 2010 L„.
wbD Gm, Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, kªxk`vm ‡jb, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 334
Ges g~j¨ 350 UvKv|
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 307

15. cÖv¸³, c„. 313
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 342
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 344
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 359
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, †ZBkZg LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2010 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
G L‡Ð ïiæ‡Z wZb c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv2 I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv Bqvwm‡bi 22 bs AvqvZ †_‡K m~iv mvd&dvZ, m~iv †Qvqv` m¤ú~Y© I m~iv hygvi Gi
31 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd
D‡jøL c~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L Ô‡ZBkZg LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zvici
ÔKv‡diiv Av‡Liv‡Zi kvw¯Íi A‡cÿvq i‡q‡QÕ,3 ÔAvjøvn ZvÔAvjvi Amxg Kzì‡Zi

cÖgvYÕ, 4 ÔwKqvgvZ K‡e n‡e?Õ, Ôc~YR©xeb I cybiæÌvbÕ,6 ÔG m~ivi gg©K_v,Õ7 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 65 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv mvd&dvZ Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g 13 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© G m~ivi dwRjZ cÖm‡½ ejv nqÑZvdmxiKvi Rvn¨vK (i.) nhiZ
2. f~wgKv‡Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi wKQy Abb¨ êwkó¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †h¸‡jv cweÎ KziAvb e¨ZxZ Avi †Kvb
MÖ‡š’ cvIqv hvq bv|
GK. cweÎ KziAvb Ggb GK MÖš’ hvi gwngv AZzjbxq, AKíbxq|
`yB. fvlvi AjsKv‡i, fv‡ei D”Q¡v‡m Ges welqe¯‘i êwP‡Îi hv AZ¨šÍ we¯§qKi|
wZb. GUv Ggwb GK Abb¨ mvaviY MÖš’ hv c`¨ bq, M`¨| wKš‘ KweZvi Q›` I ¯^v` Zv‡Z Abycw¯’Z bq|
Pvi. hv‡Z Áv‡bi mKj welq mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
cuvP. GUv weÁvb weqlK MÖš’ bq; wKš‘ Zv weÁv‡bi A‡bK ZË¡ I Z‡_¨ mg„×|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 13
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 14
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 32
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 58
7. ÔG m~ivi gg©K_vÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q gydvmwmi e‡jb, G m~iv‡Z wZbwU welq we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GK. wimvjv‡Zi †NvlYv| `yB. ZvInx‡ì Dci †hŠw³K eY©bv| wZb. Zuvi wbKUB mKj‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi D×„wZ w`‡q e‡jb, ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨w³ RygyÔAvi
w`b m~iv Bqvwmb Ges m~iv mvd&dvZ cvV Ki‡e, Gici Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi Kv‡Q `yÔAv
Ki‡e, Avjøvn Zvi `yÔAv Keyj Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡K KvswLZ e¯‘ `vb Ki‡eb|8 Zvici
ch©vqµ‡g ÔwKqvg‡Zi w`b hv wRÁvmv Kiv n‡e,Õ9 Ô‡R¨vwZl kv¯¿ cÖm‡½Õ, 10 Ô‡bKKvi
mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ `yÔAvÕ,Õ13 ÔnhiZ Bwjqvm (Av.) cÖm‡½,Õ 12 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv
mvd&dv‡Zi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 185 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv †Qvqv` Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢
G m~ivi cÖ_g wZbwU Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ G m~ivi cÖ_g Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi D×„Z Kiv njÑ
Ab¨vb¨ ÔgyKvwËqvZÕ Aÿ‡ii b¨vq Gi A_©I GKgvÎ Avjøvn cvKB AeMZ
i‡q‡Qb| Aek¨ ZvdmxiKviMY GK_vI e‡j‡Qb †h AÿiwU Avjøvn cv‡Ki
GKwU cweÎ bv‡gi mswÿß iƒc| †hgb A_ev †_‡K

†bqv n‡q‡Q| A_ev †_‡K| ZvdmxiKvi Rvn¨vK (i.)
e‡j‡Qb: eëüZ n‡q‡Q A‡_©| A_©vr Avjøvn cvK mZ¨B e‡j‡Qb|
nhiZ Avãyjøvn Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi GKwU K_vi D×„wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q †h,
A_© n‡jv A_©vr nhiZ †gvnv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvB‡n Iqvmvjøvg mZ¨
e‡j‡Qb| AZci Ômei Aej¤^‡bi ZvjxgÕ,14 ÔnhiZ `vD` (Av.) Gi µ›`bÕ, 15
13
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 67
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 85
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 120
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 129
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 146
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 187
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 201
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 214
Ôwek¦ m„wói ¸p inm¨Õ, 16 Ô‡`vh‡Li Ae¯’v,Õ 17 ÔBewj‡mi Ac‡Póv e¨_© nevi `„óvšÍÕ 18
BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv †Qvqv` Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvici G L‡Ði 281 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv hygvi Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢
G m~ivi cÖ_g Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© Ôm~iv hygvi cÖm‡½Õ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi wewfbœ cwimsL¨vbÕ19 eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici avivevwnK fv‡e G m~ivi cÖ_g 31 Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi G L‡Ð
Dc¯’vcb K‡i LÐwUi mgvwß Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
PweŸkZg LÐ
(m~iv hygvi Gi 32 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv gyÕwgb m¤ú~Y© I m~iv nv-gxg
mvR`vÕi 46 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)

PweŸkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1996 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` knx`yj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔPZz_© cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU 2011 L„. wbD
Gm, Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 293 Ges g~j¨
300 UvKv|
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 221

17. cÖv¸³, c„. 258
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 277
19. G m~ivq 8wU iæKz, 75wU AvqvZ i‡q‡Q| wZbwU AvqvZ e¨ZxZ Aewkó AvqvZ mg~n g°vq AeZxY©
n‡q‡Q| G m~ivq 1192wU evK¨ I 4000wU Aÿi i‡q‡Q|
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, PweŸkZg LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2011 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z cuvP c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv2 I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv hygvi Gi 32 bs AvqvZ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ, m~iv gyÕwgb m¤ú~Y© I m~iv nv-gxg
mvR`vÕi 46 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔPweŸkZg
LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zvici ÔKv‡di‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ mZK©evYxÕ,3 ÔcweÎ KziAvb
bvwRj Kivi D‡Ïk¨Õ,4 ÔKv‡di‡ì wbey©w×ZvÕ,5 ÔZIevi AvnevbÕ,6 ÔcÖK…Z ev›`vi
KZ©e¨,Õ7 I ÔKv‡di‡ì fqven cwiYwZÕ8 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~iv hygvi Gi
we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ûi 76 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gyÕwgb Gi Zvdmxi
ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 7 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I
Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© G m~ivi bvgKiY9 I dwhjZ 10 cÖm‡½
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. f~wgKv‡Z gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) Zuvi G Zvdmx‡ii bvg Ôb~iæj †KviAvbÕ †Kb
†i‡L‡Qb Zv AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi Bw½Z ÁvcK k‡ãi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jbÑ cweÎ
KziAv‡bi `yÕwU kã AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©en, GKwU nj b~i ev Av‡jv, Avi Ab¨wU nj RyjygvZ ev AÜKvi|
GL‡b b~i ev Av‡jv ej‡Z wn`vqv‡Zi Av‡jv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi G wn`vqv‡Zi Av‡jv nj cweÎ KziAvb
I ivm~j (mv.) Gi mybœvn| G`yÕ‡Uv e¨ZxZ hv Av‡Q meB RyjygvZ ev AÜKvi| Avi G RyjygvZ `~ixf~Z
Ki‡Z n‡j PvB cweÎ KziAv‡bi b~i ev Ôb~iæj KziAvbÕ| AvswkK fv‡e bq; mvgwMÖK fv‡e, †gŠwLK I
†jŠwKK bq; eis AvšÍwiK I ev¯ÍweK fv‡e|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 10
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 13
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 22
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 36
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 55
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 66
9. m~iv gyÕwgb‡K m~iv MvwdiI ejv nq| m~ivZzZ ZvIj bv‡g Gi Av‡iKwU bvgI i‡q‡Q| ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj
Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 78
10. G m~ivi dwhjZ cÖm‡½ evqnvKx kix‡d G‡m‡Q, ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡QbÑ Av‡j nvgxg (nv-gxg cwiev‡ii
m~iv) mvZwU, Avi Rvnvbœv‡gi ìRvI mvZwU| hviv G m~iv¸‡jv wZjvIqvZ Ki‡e cÖ‡Z¨KwU m~iv GK
c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi †hvMm~Î cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡QÑ c~eeZ©x m~ivi †klvs‡k Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjvi †kªôZ¡, gvnvZ¥ I ¸Yvejxi Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi G m~ivi ïiæ‡Z
ÔAvhxhÕ, ÔAvjxgÕ BZ¨vw` ¸Yvejx Zz‡j a‡i Avjøvni †kªôZ¡ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci
ÔAvik enbKvix †d‡i¯ÍvÕ 11 ÔwPi mvdj¨ jv‡fi c_,Õ 12 ÔAvZ¥we¯§„wZB aŸs‡mi KviYÕ
13
ÔBmjv‡gi weRq hy‡M hy‡MÕ, 14 Ô‡`vqv I Bev`‡Zi Zvrch©Õ15 Ô‡`vqvi AvèÕ16 I
ÔAnsKv‡ii fqven cwiYwZÕ17 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv gyÕwgb Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 218 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv nv-gxg Avm mvR`v Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g mvZ Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi
‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi dwRjZ cÖm½ D‡jøL K‡i ejv n‡q‡QÑ ivm~j (mv.) cÖ‡Z¨K
iv‡Z G m~iv I m~iv g~j&K cvV Ki‡Zb, Zvici Nygv‡Z †h‡Zb| c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G
m~ivi m¤úK© cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡QÑ c~e©eZ©x m~iv Avj gyÕwgb G ZvInx`, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi
KzìvZ I wKqvgvZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi G m~ivq wimvjvZ, g„Zz¨ I
Av‡LivZ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g Ô‡bKKviM‡Yi cyi¯‹viÕ18
ÔAv` RvwZi kvw¯ÍÕ19
GKwU Rvnvbœv‡gi ìRv †_‡K Zv‡K iÿv Ki‡e| nv‡Kg Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Gi D×„wZ w`‡q e‡jbÑ nv-
gxg wewkó m~iv¸‡jv cweÎ KziAv‡bi †mŠ›`h©|
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 88
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 101
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 104
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 160
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 176
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 182
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 185
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 231
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 245
Amr m½ welZzj¨Õ,20 ÔRvbœvZxM‡Yi Avc¨vqbÕ,21 ÔAvhv‡bi dwhjZ I gvnvZ¥Õ22

BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi 46 bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cuwPkZg LÐ
(m~iv nv-gxg mvR`v Gi 47 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m~iv ïiv, hyLiæd, `yLvb I
Rvwmqvn m¤ú~Y©)
cuwPkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K L„.
me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb, 12/17, m¨vi
ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔPZz_© cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì
mvg‡b| GwU 2010 L„. wbD Gm. Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ
nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 315 Ges g~j¨ 300 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z mvZ c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| m~iv
nv-gxg mvR`v Gi 47 bs AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m~iv ïiv, hyLiæd, `yLvb I Rvwmqvn
Gi m¤ú~Y© As‡ki e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd
D‡jøLc~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔcuwPkZg LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zvici m~iv
nv-gxg mvR`vi 47-49 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gyÕwgb I Kv‡d‡ii gv‡S †gŠwjK †h cv_K¨2 i‡q‡Q Zv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 255
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 266
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 270
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, cuwPkZg LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2010 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨
2. hviv AK…ZÁ, Kvwdi Zv‡ì PvwiwÎK êwkó¨ nj, mviv `ywbqvi mg¯Í m¤ú` cvIqvi ciI Zviv Zzó nq
bv| A_P Zv‡ì‡K †Kvb cÖKvi `~:L-Kó ¯úk© Ki‡jB Zviv m¤ú~Y© wbivk n‡q c‡o| cÿvšÍ‡i hviv
gyÕwgb Zv‡ì Ae¯’v m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| Zviv me©ve¯’vq _v‡K Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi Dci cwic~Y© Av¯’vkxj| Zviv
fimv Ges Avkv GKgvÎ Avjøvni Kv‡QB K‡i _v‡K| wbÔAvgvZ cÖvß n‡j Avjøvni ìev‡i †kvKi ¸Rvi
nq| Avi wec`-gywmeZ ¯úk© Ki‡j mei Aej¤^b K‡i|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 8-9)
GQvov Ôgvby‡li wewPÎ cÖK…wZÕ,3 ÔwKqvgZ K‡e n‡eÕ,4 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g G m~ivi
evKx As‡ki Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 18 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Avk ïiv Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g 6 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© G m~ivi bvgKiY I c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi †hvMm~Î m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi 7 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Ôivm~j (mv.) Gi we‡kl wKQy
dwRjZÕ5 wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZ:ci ch©vqµ‡g Ôgvbe RvwZi KZ©e¨Õ,6 ÔØxb
GK I Awfbœ,Õ7 I ÔAvmnv‡e myd&dvÕ8 ÔmvnvevM‡Yi ¸YvejxÕ9 Ô beyq¨Z I Anxi Zvrch©Õ
10
BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 132 bs
c„ôv †_‡K m~iv hyLiæ‡di Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 11 Avqv‡Zi
Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici ÔwPi we`v‡qi
mdi‡K we¯§„Z n‡qvbvÕ 11 Ô `ywbqvi nvKxKZ,Õ 12
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 8
4. cÖv¸³
5. ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, mg¯Í bexi Dci Avgv‡K we‡klfv‡e cuvPwU dwRjZ `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GK. Avgv‡K mgMÖ wek¦evmxi Rb¨ bex K‡i cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
`yB. Avgvi Rb¨ kvdvqv‡Zi eë¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
wZb. GK gv‡mi `~i‡Z¡ `ykg‡bi AšÍ‡i Avgvi fq XywK‡q †`qvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Pvi. mgMÖ Rgxb‡K Avgvi Rb¨ gmwR` evwb‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q|
cuvP. Avgvi Rb¨ Mbxg‡Zi gvj nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 39
7. cÖv¸³,
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 83
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 102
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 118
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 143
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 164
ÔwKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZÕ,13 I ÔZvInx‡ì eY©bvÕ 14 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ
Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci 226 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv `yLvb Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv †ck Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Zvici G m~ivi dwRjZ, G m~ivi Avgj I c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi
†hvMm~Î wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Gici ch©vqµ‡g ÔKv‡di‡ì kvw¯Íi
†NvlYvÕ15 ÔRvbœv‡Zi myL-mvgMÖxÕ16 ÔRvbœvZx‡ì †cvlvKÕ17 Ôûi cÖm½Õ BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg
w`‡q G m~ivi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 270 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Rvwmqvn Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g Qq Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AZci Ôm„wóRM‡Z mªóvi wb`k©bÕ19 ÔKv‡di‡ì MšÍe¨¯’j †`vhLÕ 20 ÔgyÕwgb-Kv‡d‡ii

cwiYwZ GK n‡Z cv‡i bvÕ 21 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi Zvdmxi eY©bv K‡i G
L‡Ði mgvwß Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 195

14. cÖv¸³ c„. 201
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 243
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 263
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 264
18. cÖv¸³,
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 274
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 281
21. cÖv¸³ c„. 295
QvweŸkZg LÐ
(m~iv AvnKvd, gynv¤§v`, dvZ&n, ûRivZ, K¡vd m¤ú~Y© Ges m~iv hvwiqvZ Gi 1-30
bs AvqvZ ch©šÍ)

QvweŸkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K L„.
me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` knx`yj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi
ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÛwUi ÔPZz_© cÖKvkÕ GLb
Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU 2010 L„. wbD Gm. Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, divkMÄ, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ
nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 387 Ges g~j¨ 350 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv2 I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv AvnKvd, gynv¤§v`, dvZ&n, ûRivZ, K¡vd m¤ú~Y© Ges m~iv hvwiqvZ Gi 1-30 bs
AvqvZ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, QvweŸkZg LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2010 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨
2. f~wgKv‡Z ÁvbR©‡bi ¸iæ‡Z¡i Dci AZ¨šÍ Riæix wKQy Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡QÑ
GK. ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, Bjg AR©b Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Dci diR|
`yB. Igi (iv.) e‡j‡Qb, GKRb Avwj‡gi g„Zz¨ GK nvRvi Avwe‡ì g„Zzï †P‡qI AwaKZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wZb. nhiZ Imgvb (iv.) e‡j‡Qb, Bjg Avgj e¨ZxZ DcKvix nq, wKš‘ Avgj Bjg e¨ZxZ DcKvix
nq bv|
Pvi. Avey `vi`v (iv.) e‡j‡Qb, Bj‡gi iv¯Ívi mdi‡K †h wRnv` g‡b K‡i bv, Zvi we‡eK eyw×‡Z ÎæwU
i‡q‡Q|
cuvP. Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.) e‡j‡Qb, mvaviY gyÕwgb‡ì Dci AvwjgM‡Yi gZ©ev mvZkZ ¸Y †ekx|
Qq. mywdqvb Be‡b DqvBbvn (i.) e‡j‡Qb, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv beyqv‡Zi ci Bj‡gi †P‡q `vgx †Kvb wRwbl
`vb K‡ib wb|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„, Ôf~wgKvÕ `ªóe¨)
cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøLc~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔQvweŸkZg LÐÕ
kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv AvnKv‡di cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi
ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvici ÔAvwg †Kvb bZzb ivm~j bvBÕ3 Ô Bû`x‡ì N„Y¨
PwiÎÕ4, ÔAvnKv‡di cwiwPwZÕ5 ÔR¡x‡biv Rvbœv‡Z hv‡e bvÕ6 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G
m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 87 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gynv¤§v` Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi 1bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| AZci
Ôm~ivi bvgKiYÕ Ôc~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi m¤úK©Õ, ÔG m~ivi g~j e³e¨Õ, ÔG m~ivi
AvgjÕ, Ôkv‡b byh~jÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖvmw½K wKQy Av‡jvPbv Zy‡j a‡i G m~ivi cÖ_g Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici ÔCgv‡bi eiKZÕ,7 ÔmZ¨-Am‡Zï msNvZ wPišÍbÕ, 8
Ô‡Rnv‡ì Av‡`kÕ,9 ÔAvjøvni iv‡n `v‡bi ¸iæZ¡Õ10 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 150 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv dvZ&n Gi
Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 5 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi
ZiRgv I Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1 bs Avqv‡Zi Zvdmx‡i Ô û`vqweqvi mwÜÕ 11
cÖm‡½ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 15
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 26
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 58
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 78
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 95
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 96
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 97
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 147
11. û`vqweqv mwÜ: wnRi‡Zi lô e‡l©i iRe gv‡m ivm~j (mv.) ¯^‡cœ †`L‡jb wZwb cweÎ KvÔev ZvIqvd I
mvdv gviIqvq Qvqx Ki‡Qb| G ¯^cœ‡K wZwb Anx (cÖZ¨v‡`k) wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i wKQyw`b ci †PŠÏk
mvnvev m‡½ wb‡q Igivi D‡Ï‡k¨ g°vi w`‡K hvÎv K‡ib| g°vevmxiv G msev` †c‡q wm×všÍ wbj †h,
ivm~j (mv.) I Zuvi mvnvexMY‡K Zviv g°vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`‡e bv|
Zvici Ô mvjvZzj LvId,Õ12 ÔgvMwdiv‡Zi mymsev`Õ,13 Ôivm~j (mv.) Gi gyÕwRhvÕ14
ÔnhiZ Avey Rv›`vj (i.) Gi NUbvÕ15 ÔMvqex g``Õ 16 ÔIqvw`Dj Kzivi weRqÕ17 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi ‡ck K‡i‡Qb| AZci G L‡Ði 265 bs c„ôv
†_‡K m~iv ûRivZ, 312 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv K¡vd I 365 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv hvwiqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ôivm~j (mv.) Gi ìev‡ii Avè iÿvi cyi¯‹viÕ, 18 ÔMxe‡Zi
KvddvivÕ, 19 Ôm~iv K¡v‡di dwRjZÕ,20 Ôg„Zz¨ hš¿bvÕ,21 Ôm~iv hvwiqv‡Zi AvgjÕ,22
Ô†bKKvi †jvK‡ì êwkó¨Õ23 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g G m~iv¸‡jvi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi Zz‡j
a‡i G L‡Ði cwimgvwß NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
g°v †_‡K gvÎ 9 gvBj `~‡i û`vqweqv bvgK ¯’v‡b hLb ivm~j (mv.) Gi Kv‡djv G‡m †cŠuQj ZLb
ivm~j (mv.) Gi DUwU Avcbv ‡_‡KB e‡m †Mj, wKQy‡ZB †m AMÖmi n‡Z PvBj bv| ZLb ivm~j
(mv.) ej‡jb: ................................. Aveivnvi nvwZ‡K whwb AMÖmi n‡Z †`bwb, wZwbB GwU‡K
ewm‡q w`‡q‡Qb cieZ©x‡Z GLv‡bB msNwUZ nq HwZnvwmK û`vqweqvi mwÜ|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„, 153-154)
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 179
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 180
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 181
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 194
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 224
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 241
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 274
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 301
20. cÖv¸³ c„. 313
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 341
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 366
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 374
mvZvkZg LÐ
(m~iv hvwiqv‡Zi 31 bs, AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m~iv Z~i, bvR&g, Kvgvi, Avi
ivngvb, IqvwKqvn, I m~iv nv`x` m¤ú~Y©)

mvZvkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1997 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKwkZ nq| Gi
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔwØZxq cÖKvkÕ GLb Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU gyRvwn`
wcÖw›Us GÐ c¨v‡KwRs †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 313 Ges g~j¨ 300 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wZb c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I wZb c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv hvwiqv‡Zi 31 bs, AvqvZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m~iv Z~i, bvR&g, Kvgvi, Avi ingvb,
IqvwKqvn, I m~iv nv`x` Gi m¤ú~Y© As‡ki e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv,
nvg&` I ìæ` kixd D‡jøL c~e©K ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔmvZvkZg LÐÕ kãwU †jLv
n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv hvwiqv‡Zi 31-40 bs Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I
Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G As‡ki Zvdmx‡i ÔwkÿYxq `„óvšÍÕ wk‡ivbv‡g gydvmwmi e‡jbÑ
nhiZ jyZ (Av.) Gi RvwZi G aesmjxjv, Zv‡ì G ‡kvPbxq cwiYwZ AbvMZ
fwel¨‡Zi gvby‡li Rb¨ wb:m‡›`‡n GKwU wkÿYxq `„óvšÍ| G‡Z G K_v cÖgvwYZ nq †h,
hviv G c„w_ex‡Z Ab¨vq, Akøxj I AgvbweK KzK‡g© wjß n‡e Zv‡ì aŸsm Awbevh©|
GgbwK Gme †ÿ‡Î bexi wbKUvZ¥xq n‡qI Avjøvni AvRve †_‡K iÿv cvIqv hvq wb|2
Zvici ÔCgvbx kw³i weRq Aek¨¤¢vexÕ,3 ÔAvqv‡Zi gg©K_vÕ 4 I Ôgvbe m„wói D‡Ïk¨Õ 5
BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, mvZvkZg LÐ, wØZxq cÖKvk, 2006 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 5
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 6
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 17
G L‡Ði 26 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Z~‡ii Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi
cÖ_g 14wU Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| AZci
ÔevqZzj gvÔgy‡ii Ae¯’vbÕ6 Ômgy`ª¸‡jv †`vh‡L cwiYZ n‡eÕ,7 Ôkc‡_i Zvrch©Õ8 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbvg w`‡q m~iv Z~‡ii we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 61 bs c„ôv †_‡K
m~iv bvR&g Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 18 Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask
wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivq †gŠwjKfv‡e Ôivm~j (mv:)
KZ…©K wReªvCj (Av.) Gi mvÿvrÕ,9 ÔwmìvZzj gyšÍvnvÕ,10 ÔAvZ¥cÖksmv wbwl×Õ,11 ÔAv` I

Qvgy` RvwZi NUbvÕ,12 ÔZvK`xiÕ13 BZ¨vw` wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvici G L‡Ði 148 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Avi ivngv‡bi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 13wU Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi Zvdmx‡i ÔG m~ivi êwkó¨Õ 14 Ô¯^‡cœi ZvexiÕ 15 Ô`qvg‡qi ‡kªô `vbÕ16
Ôcvcxô‡ì cwiYwZÕ17 ÔI Rvbœv‡Zi K‡qKwU wbÔAvgvZÕ18 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Zvici 199 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv IqvwKqvi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 19
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 29
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 30
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 34
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 68
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 73
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 93
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 127-129
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 143
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 150
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 151
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 152
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 182
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 186-192
cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 16wU Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë
n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi Zvdmx‡i ÔAMÖeZ©x KvivÕ,19 ÔRvbœvZx‡ì L‡`g I LveviÕ,20 Ôûi‡ì
weeiYÕ,21 Ô†e‡nk‡Zi cwi‡ekÕ,22 Ôgvby‡li KZ©e¨Õ 23 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg eënvi K‡i
m~ivwUi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 250 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv nv`x‡ì Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi
Zvdmx‡i ÔA_© m¤ú‡ì g~j gvwjK AvjøvnÕ24 ÔAv‡Liv‡Z gybvwdK‡ì `yie¯’vÕ, 25
ÔRvbœvZ ïay Avjøvni AbyMÖ‡nB cvIqv hv‡eÕ,26 Ôivm~j (mv.) B n‡jb GKgvÎ Av`k©Õ 27
mn Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvUvkZg LÐ
(m~iv gyRvw`jvn&, nvki, gygZvwnbv, mvd, RygyÔAvn, gybvwdK~b, ZvMveyb, Z¡vjvK I
Zvnixg Gi m¤ú~Y© Ask)

AvUvkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1997 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔZ…Zxq cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU
wbD Gm. Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 302
Ges g~j¨ 350 UvKv|
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 206
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 212-213
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 215
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 215
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 238
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 264
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 281
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 295
27. cÖv¸³, c„. 301
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, AvUvkZg LÐ, Z…Zxq cÖKvk, 2010 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv gyRvw`jvn Gi cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi Zvdmx‡i ÔwRnvi cÖm½Õ,2 ÔgRwj‡m Avmb MÖnY Kivi AvèÕ,3
ÔcÖK…Z gyÕwgb KLbI Kv‡di‡ì mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ K‡ibvÕ4 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg eënvi K‡i G
m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici G L‡Ði 36 bs c„ôv ‡_‡K m~iv nvki
Gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi
ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g ÔG m~ivi †kl wZb Avqv‡Zi
dwRjZÕ,5 Ôevbx bvRx‡ii NUbvÕ,6 Ônvk‡ii gq`vb †Kv_vq n‡eÕ,7 ÔAvbmvi I
gynvwRiM‡Yi m¤§vbÕ, 8 Ô‡jvf I K…cYZv eR©bxq,Õ9 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i G m~ivi
we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 104 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gygZvwnbv Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G
m~ivi cÖ_g wZb Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G
m~ivi Zvdmx‡i ÔnvwZe Be‡b Avwe evjZvÔAvi wPwVÕ10 ÔAvjøvni ingvZ †_‡K wbivk
n‡qv bvÕ11 ÔgvbweK g~j¨‡ev‡ai DrK…ó bgybvÕ12 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i G m~ivi
Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici 137 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv mvd Gi Zvdmxi eY©bv ïiæ
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 4
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 23
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 42
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 47
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 48
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 54
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 67-69
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 72
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 107
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 121
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 131
cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| AZci ch©vqµ‡g ÔBmjv‡gi cÖvavb¨ we¯ÍviÕ,13 ÔnhiZ Bmv (Av.) Gi NUbvÕ 14
BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G L‡Ði 158 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv RygyÔAv Gi Zvdmxi Avi¤¢ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z G
m~ivi cÖ_g Qq Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvdmx‡i ÔG m~ivi bvgKiY I dwRjZÕ,15 ÔG m~ivi AvgjÕ,14 Ô G m~ivi g~j e³e¨Õ17
BZ¨vw` Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i ch©vqµ‡g ÔmvnvevM‡Yi D”P gh©v`vÕ,18 ÔRygyÔAvi w`‡bi
dwRjZÕ,19 ÔRygyÔAvi bvgv‡Ri ZvwM`Õ,20 Ô Ô`yÕAv Keyj nIqvi we‡kl mgqÕ 21 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici 195 bs c„ôv
†_‡K m~iv gybvwdK~b, 222 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv ZvMveyb, 247 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Z¡vjvK
I 271 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Zvnix‡gi Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G As‡ki Zvdmx‡i
ÔgyÕwgb‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ mZK©evYxÕ,22 Ôm~iv ZvMveyb cÖm‡½Õ,23 ÔCgvbB me©‡kªô m¤ú`Õ,24
Ôm~iv Z¡vjvK cÖm‡½Õ,25 Ôm~iv Zvnix‡gi g~j e³e¨Õ 26 I Ô`yÔAvi Zvrch©Õ27 BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbv‡g G m~iv¸‡jvi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 150
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 156
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 159
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 160
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 160
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 168
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 176
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 184
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 187
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 219
23. cÖv¸³, c„. 223

24. cÖv¸³, c„. 231
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 247
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 272
27. cÖv¸³, c„. 301
EbwÎkZg LÐ
(m~iv g~jK, K¡vjvg, Avj nv°vn, gvÔAvwiR, b~n, wR¡b, gyh&hvw¤§j, gyÏvmwmi,
wKqvgvn, `vni I gyimvjvZ m¤ú~Y©)

EbwÎkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1997 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
cÖKvkK wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` knx`yj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` †ivW, eøK-G,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔZ…Zxq cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU wbD Gm.
Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm evsjvevRvi, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|1 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 394 Ges g~j¨
350 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Pvi c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Pvi c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv g~jK, K¡vjvg, Avj nv°vn, gvÔAvwiR, b~n, wR¡b, gyh&hvw¤§j, gyÏvmwmi, wKqvgvn,
`vni I gyimvjvZ Gi m¤ú~Y© As‡ki e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&`
I ìæ` kixd D‡jøLc~e©K G ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔEbwÎkZg LÐÕ kãwU †jLv
n‡q‡Q| AZci m~iv g~jK Gi cÖ_g Pvi Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L ZiRgv I Zvdmxi
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii gv‡S G m~ivi bvgKiY, dwRjZ, G m~ivi Avgj I G m~ivi
g~j e³e¨ we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici ÔRxeb GK gnv cixÿvÕ,2 Ôg„Zz¨ I
Rxeb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjviB m„wóÕ,3 ÔwKqvgvZ Awbevh©Õ4 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i G
m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði 44 bs c„ôv ‡_‡K m~iv K¡vjvg Gi
Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g G m~ivi ïiæi Qq Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi
ZiRgv I Zvdmxi cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Gici ch©vqµ‡g ÔLyjy‡K AvRxgÕ,5
1. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, EbwÎkZg LÐ, Z…Zxq cÖKvk, 2012 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv
`ªóe¨
2. cÖv¸³, c„. 6
3. cÖv¸³, c„. 7
4. cÖv¸³, c„. 38
5. cÖv¸³, c„. 50
ÔZvIevi djkÖæwZÕ,6 Ôe` bRi mZ¨Õ7 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi
†ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci G L‡Ði 92 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv Avj nv°vn Gi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvi‡¤¢ G m~ivi cÖ_g 12wU Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I
Zvdmxi Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~ivi Zvdmx‡i Ôm~ivi g~j e³e¨Õ, 8 ÔcweÎ KziAv‡bi
†kªôZ¡ I gnË¡,Õ9 Ges ÔcweÎ KziAvb gyËvwK‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡`kÓ10 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici 157 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv b~n, 184 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv wR¡b 233 bs
c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gyh&hvw¤§j, 271 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gyÏvmwmi, 310 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv
wKqvgvn, 338 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv `vni Ges 369 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv gyimvjvZ Gi
Zvdmxi ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~iv¸‡jvi Zvdmx‡i ch©vqµ‡g Ôgvby‡li PvwiwÎK
`~e©jZvÕ,11 ÔcÖK…Z bvgvRxi êwkó¨Õ,12 ÔwKqvgv‡Zi w`b m~iv b~n cvV Kiv n‡eÕ,13
Ôg~wZ©c~Rvi DrcwËÕ,14 Ô wR¡b‡ì cwiYvgÕ,15 ÔcweÎ KziAvb cv‡Vi AvèÕ,16
ÔZvnv¾y‡ì bvgv‡Ri dwRjZÕ,17 ÔkvdvÔAv‡Zi mymsev`Õ,18 Ôgvby‡li A½-cÖZ¨½ mvÿx
n‡eÕ,19
6. cÖv¸³, c„. 71
7. cÖv¸³, c„. 88
8. cÖv¸³, c„. 94
9. cÖv¸³, c„. 117
10. cÖv¸³, c„. 121
11. cÖv¸³, c„. 139
12. cÖv¸³, c„. 141
13. cÖv¸³, c„. 159
14. cÖv¸³, c„. 178
15. cÖv¸³, c„. 209
16. cÖv¸³, c„. 242
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 249
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 303
19. cÖv¸³, c„. 319
Ô†bKKviM‡Yi ïf cwiYwZÕ20 Ôme©vwaK kw³kvjx gvLjyKÕ21 Ges ÔgyÕwgb gyËvwK‡ì
cyi¯‹v‡ii †NvlYvÕ22 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i G m~iv¸‡jvi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi
wÎkZg LÐ
(m~iv bvev ‡_‡K m~iv bvm ch©šÍ)
wÎkZg LÐwU Avj evjvM cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…©K 1998 L„. me© cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207| G LÐwUi ÔPZz_© cÖKvkÕ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| GwU
wbD Gm. Avi wcÖw›Us †cÖm evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ nq|23 Gi c„ôv msL¨v 394
Ges g~j¨ 350 UvKv|
G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z cuvP c„ôvi GKwU f~wgKv I Qq c„ôvi GKwU m~PxcÎ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q|
m~iv ÔbvevÕ †_‡K m~iv ÔbvmÕ ch©šÍ e¨vL¨v G L‡Ð ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡g Zvmwgqv, nvg&` I
ìæ` kixd D‡jøLc~e©K G ZvdmxiwUi bvg wj‡L ÔwÎkZg LÐÕ kãwU †jLv n‡q‡Q|
AZci m~iv ÔbvevÕ Gi cÖ_g †lvjwU Avqv‡Zi Aviex Ask wj‡L Zvi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi
cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G As‡ki Zvdmx‡i m~iv ÔbvevÕ Gi bvgKiY, c~e©eZ©x m~ivi mv‡_ G m~ivi
m¤úK©, G m~ivi Avgj, kv‡b byh~j, G m~ivi g~j e³e¨ I Kv‡di‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ mZK©evYx
BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci ÔcyjwmivZÕ24 Ô†`vhLx‡ì Pig
kvw¯ÍÕ25 Ôci‡nhMvi‡ì wPi mvdj¨Õ26 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q G m~ivi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v
20. cÖv¸³, c„. 360
21. cÖv¸³, c„. 382
22. cÖv¸³, c„. 390
23. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, EbwÎkZg LÐ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2011 L„. c„. Ôf~wgKvÕi c~e©eZ©x c„ôv `ªóe¨
24. cÖv¸³, c„. 14
25. cÖv¸³, c„. 17
26. cÖv¸³, c„. 22
cyjwmivZ cÖm‡½ ZvdmxiKvi Bgvg evqnvKx (i.) ewY©Z GKLvbv nv`xm Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb- nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) eY©bv K‡ib- ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, cyjwmivZ Z‡jvqv‡ii
†P‡qI aviv‡jv Ges m~ÿ n‡e| †d‡i¯ÍvMY Cgvb`vi cyiæl I bvix‡ì †ndvRZ Ki‡e|
wReivBj (Av.) Avgvi †Kvgi a‡i ivL‡e| Avwg ej‡Z _vKe, †n Avjøvn! iÿv Ki, †n
Avjøvn! iÿv Ki| Avi †nvPU †L‡q eû bvix I cyiæl c‡o hv‡e|27
Zvici 33 bs c„ôv †_‡K m~iv ÔbvwhÔAvZÕ, 59 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔAvevmvÕ 76 bs c„ôv
†_‡K ÔZvKfxiÕ, 94 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔBbwdZviÕ 106 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔgyZ¡vdwddxbÕ, 128
bs c„ôv †_‡K Ô BbwkKvK&Õ 141 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔeyiæRÕ, 159 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔZ¡vwiKÕ
169 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔAvÔjvÕ, 148 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔMvwkqvnÕ, 198 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔAvj
dvRiÕ, 225 bs c„ôv †_‡K Ôevjv`Õ, 238 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔAvk&kvgQÕ, 249 bs c„ôv
†_‡K ÔAvj jvBjÕ, 263 bs c„ôv †_‡K Ô‡ØvnvÕ, 274 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔBbwkivnÕ, 283 bs
c„ôv †_‡K ÔZ¡xbÕ, 289 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔAvjvK¡Õ, 301 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔK¡vìÕ, 312 bs
c„ôv †_‡K Ô evwq¨bvnÕ, 321 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔwhjhvjÕ, 329 bs c„ôv †_‡K Ô Avw`qvnÕ,
337 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔK¡vwiqvnÕ, 344 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔZvKvQyiÕ, 354 bs c„ôv †_‡K
ÔAvQiÕ, 360 bs c„ôv †_‡K Ô ûgvhvÕ, 367 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔdxjÕ, 373 bs c„ôv †_‡K
ÔKyivBkÕ, 381 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔgvÔEbÕ, 387 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔKvDQviÕ, 393 bs c„ôv
†_‡K ÔKvwdiƒbÕ, 398 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔbvQiÕ 416 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔjvnveÕ, 423 bs c„ôv
†_‡K ÔGLjvQÕ, 431 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔdvjvK¡Õ Ges 441 bs c„ôv †_‡K ÔbvmÕ Gi Zvdmxi
ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m~iv ¸‡jvi Zvdmx‡i ÔwKqvg‡Zi gvV †Kv_vq n‡e,Õ28 ÔRxešÍ
mgvwa¯’ Kiv cÖm‡½Õ,29 Ôme©gq ÿgZvi gvwjK GKgvÎ Avjøvn,Õ30 Ô me© cÖ_g whwb Kei
†_‡K DV‡ebÕ,31 ÔcixLv Lbb Kivx‡ì NUbv,Õ 32 Ô †Mvcb welq mg~n cÖKvk cv‡e,Õ 33
ÔkvÏv‡ì cwiYwZ,Õ34
27. cÖv¸³, c„. 14
28. cÖv¸³, c„. 43
29. cÖv¸³, c„. 83
30. cÖv¸³, c„. 104
31. cÖv¸³, c„. 133
32. cÖv¸³, c„. 147
33. cÖv¸³, c„. 170
34. cÖv¸³, c„. 203
Ôivm~j (mv.) Gi eÿwe`vi‡Yi NUbv,Õ 35 Ô gvby‡li m„wóMZ êwkó¨,Õ 36 Ô jvBjvZzj
K¡vì,Õ 37 Ô PviwU iÿv KeP,Õ 38 Ô KzivBk‡ì we‡kl dwRjZ,Õ 39 Ô Aveivnvi aŸs‡mi
NUbv,Õ 40 Ô KvDQvi Kx?,Õ 41 Ôm~iv dvjvK I bvm Gi dwRjZÕ 42 BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg
w`‡q G m~iv¸‡jvi we¯ÍvwiZ Zvdmxi ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKqvg‡Zi gvV †Kv_vq n‡e G
cÖm‡½ ZvdmxiKvi K‡qKRb gbxwli e³e¨ D‡jøL K‡ib- nhiZ mywdqvb mvIix (i.)
e‡jb, wKqvg‡Zi gq`vb n‡e wmwiqv‡Z| Aveyj Avwjqv (i.) e‡jb, Zv n‡e evBZzj
gyKvÏvm GjvKvq| Innve Be‡b gybvevn (i.) e‡jb evqZzj gyKvÏv‡mi wbKU¯’ cvnv‡oi
cv`‡`‡k n‡e wKqvg‡Zi gq`vb| Avjøvgv Be‡b Kvmxi (i.) e‡jb- c„w_exi †h ‡Kvb
¯’v‡b Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi gwR© n‡e, †mLv‡bB wKqvg‡Zi gvV ˆZix n‡e| AZci LÐwUi
†k‡l LZ‡g KziAv‡bi `yÕAv, MÖš’cwÄi D‡jøL Ges AÎ Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ gbxwli
†`qv gZvgZ I evYx mgwó Dc¯’vcb K‡i ZvdmxiwU‡K mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q|
35. cÖv¸³, c„. 277

36. cÖv¸³, c„. 285
37. cÖv¸³, c„. 302
38. cÖv¸³, c„. 357
39. cÖv¸³, c„. 369
40. cÖv¸³, c„. 377
41. cÖv¸³, c„. 388
42. cÖv¸³, c„. 432
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ MÖ‡š’i cÖavb cÖavb êwkó¨

cÖ‡Z¨K MÖ‡š’iB wbR¯^ ¯^KxqZv _v‡K, _v‡K wKQz we‡kl ‰ewkó¨| †h ‰ewkó¨ ¸‡jv
GKwU MÖš’‡K Ab¨ MÖš’ ‡_‡K Avjv`v K‡i iv‡L| Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i MÖš’vejxI Gi e¨wZµg
bq| Avi GLv‡b ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕB nj cÖwZcv`¨| wb‡gœ G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i
cÖavb cÖavb wKQz êwkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|
GK. KziAv‡bi AvqvZ w`‡q KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi: cweÎ KziAv‡bi †Kvb GKwU As‡ki
e¨vL¨v‡K AwaKZi ¯úó K‡i eY©bv Kivi Rb¨ cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ab¨ As‡ki
D×„wZ eënvi Kivi D`vniY G Zvdmx‡i e¨vcKfv‡e jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|1
1. m~iv evKvivi 23 bs AvqvZ

‫)وان ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ رﯾﺐ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻧﺰ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻮا ﺑﺴﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﮫ اﻟﺦ‬
ÔAvi hw` ‡Zvgiv GB wKZve m¤^‡Ü †Kvb cÖKvi mwÜnvb nI, hv Avwg Avgvi ev›`vi cÖwZ AeZxY©
K‡iwQ Z‡e †Zvgiv Abyiƒc GKwU m~iv iPbv K‡i Avb, Avjøvn wfbœ †Zvgv‡ì Z_vKw_Z
mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì‡KI AvnŸvb RvbvI, hw` †Zvgviv mZëv`x nI|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv ebx BmivCj, m~iv û` I m~iv BDbym Gi 3wU AvqvZ
Dc¯’vcb K‡i e¨vL¨vZ Avqv‡Zi ggv_©‡K AviI my¯úó K‡i †Zvjvi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb| D‡jøwLZ
AvqvZ¸‡jv nj: m~iv ebx BmivC‡j Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb:
-‫ﻗﻞ ﻟﺌﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ اﻻﻧﺲ واﻟﺠﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ان ﯾﺎﺗﻮا ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺮان ﻻﯾﺎﺗﻮن ﺑﻤﺜﻠﮫ وﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻇﮭﯿﺮا‬
Ôejyb: hw` gvbe I R¡xb GB KziAv‡bi Abyiƒc iPbv K‡i Avbq‡bi Rb¨ R‡ov nq Ges Zviv
ci¯ú‡ii mvnvh¨Kvix nq, ZeyI Zviv KLbI Gi Abyiƒc iPbv K‡i Avb‡Z cvi‡e bv|Õ (Avj
KziAvb, 17:18)
m~iv û‡` Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb-
-‫ام ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻮ ن اﻓﺘﺮاه ﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺗﻮا ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺳﻮر ﻣﺜﻠﮫ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﯾﺖ وادﻋﻮا ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ دون اﷲ ان ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺻﺪﻗﯿﻦ‬
ÔZviv wK e‡j, KziAvb †m ‰Zix K‡i‡Q! Zzwg e‡j `vI, Z‡e †ZvgivI Abyiƒc `kwU m~iv ˆZix K‡i
wb‡q Avm Ges Avjøvn Qvov hv‡K cvi †W‡K bvI, hw` †Zvgv‡ì K_v mZ¨ n‡q _v‡K|Õ (Avj
KziAvb, 11:13)
m~iv BDby‡Q ejv n‡q‡Q-
-‫ام ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻮن اﻓﺘﺮاه ﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺗﻮا ﺑﺴﻮرة ﻣﺜﻠﮫ وادﻋﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ دون اﷲ ان ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺻﺪﻗﯿﻦ‬
Ôgvbyl wK e‡j †h, GwU evwb‡q G‡b‡Q? e‡j `vI, †Zvgiv wb‡q G‡mv GKwUB m~iv, Avi †W‡K bvI,
hv‡ì‡K wb‡Z mÿg nI Avjøvn e¨ZxZ, hw` †Zvgviv mZëv`x n‡q _vK|Õ (Avj KziAvb, 12:38)
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 219-220)
`yB. nv`xm w`‡q KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi: KziAvb Kvix‡gi e¨vL¨v‡K RxešÍ I cÖgvY¨ iƒ‡c
Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î nv`x‡mi h‡_ó cwigvb
D×„wZ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|2
wZb. c~e©eZx© gbxlxM‡Yi gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb: wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq G Zvdmx‡ii
gydvmwmi wb‡Ri gZvgZ Dc¯’vc‡bi cvkvcvwk c~e©eZx© hvgvbvi gbxlxM‡Yi
gZvgZI Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|3 hv G Zvdmx‡ii MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv‡K A‡bKLvwb
evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
2. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) m~iv wbmvi 148 I 149 bs AvqvZ-
‫ ان ﺗﺒﺪوا اﻟﺦ‬-‫) ﻻﯾﺤﺐ اﷲ اﻟﺠﮭﺮﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮل اﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻠﻢ و ﻛﺎن اﷲ ﺳﻤﯿﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻤﺎ‬
ÔgRjyg e¨ZxZ Avi Kv‡iv wbKU †_‡K Avjøvn cvK D”P¯^‡i g›` K_v ejv cQ›` K‡ib bv| Avj
Avjøvn cvK me© †kªvZv, me©ÁvZ| hw` †Zvgiv mrKvR Ki cÖKv‡k¨ A_ev †Mvc‡b wKsev Kv‡iv
Aciva gvR©bv Ki Z‡e wbðqB Avjøvn cvK AZ¨šÍ ÿgvkxj, AwZkq ÿgZvevb|Õ) Gi e¨vL¨vq
nhiZ Av‡qkv, nhiZ Avbvm web gv‡jK, nhiZ Avey ûivqiv I nhiZ Avãyjøvn Be‡b Igi (iv.)
†_‡K ewY©Z nv`xm D×„Z K‡i G AvqvZ ¸‡jvi gg©v_© eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb- nhiZ
Av‡qkvi (iv.) †Kvb wRwbl Pzwi n‡j wZwb †Pvi‡K e`‡`vqv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb, ZLb ivm~j (mv.) Zv
kªeY K‡i ej‡jb- †Kb Zvi †evSv nvjKv KiQ?
nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) Ges nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv.) Df‡q eY©bv K‡ib, ivm~j (mv.) Gikv` K‡i‡Qb-
`yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †h cÖ_g Mvwj †`q †`vl ZviB n‡e, hZÿY gRjyg mxgv jsNb bv K‡i|
nhiZ Ave`yjøvn Be‡b Igi (iv.) eY©bv K‡ib, ivm~j (mv.) †K wRÁvmv Kiv nj Lv‡`g‡K KZevi
ÿgv Kiv hvq? wZwb e‡jb- cÖZ¨n 70 evi|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 6ô LÐ, c„. 2)
3. m~iv ebx BmivC‡ji 78 bs AvqvZ-
‫)اﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻠﻮاة ﻟﺪﻟﻮك اﻟ ﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻲ ﻏﺴﻖ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ و ﻗﺮان اﻟﻔﺠﺮ ان ﻗﺮان اﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺸﮭﻮدا‬
Ôm~h© X‡j covi mgq †_‡K iv‡Zi AÜKvi ch©šÍ bvgvR Kv‡qg Ki Ges Kv‡qg Ki dR‡ii bvgvR|
wbðqB dR‡ii bvgvR we‡kl fv‡e cwijwÿZ nq|) Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg
(i.) nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm, nhiZ Be‡b Igi, nhiZ hv‡ei, nhiZ Avey gvmD` Avbmvix (iv.) I
nhiZ KvZv`v, AvZv, nvmvb emix, Be‡b gvi`yBq¨vn, Beªvnxg bLqx, Be‡b nveŸvb, hvn¨vK Ges
myÏx (i.) Gi gZvgZ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 15Zg LÐ, c„. 256-257)
Pvi. wdKnx gvmvB‡ji eY©bv: cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ mswkøó wdKnx
gvmAvjv-gvmvBjI G Zvdmx‡ii wewfbœ RvqMvq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|4 G me
gvmAvjv ¸‡jvi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Ki‡j my¯úó fv‡e cÖwZqgvb nq †h, G Zvdmx‡ii
gydvmwmi nvbvdx gvRnv‡ei Abymvix wQ‡jb|
cuvP. wewfbœ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i D×„wZ eënvi: G Zvdmx‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ
Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq AZx‡Zi weL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖš’ mg~‡ni bvg D‡jøL K‡i wewfbœ
D×„wZ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|5
Qq. hyMwRÁvmvi Reve Dc¯’vcb: wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi Kivi mgq AvaywbK hy‡Mi
KwZcq wRÁvmvi ReveI G MÖ‡š’ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|6
4. ‡hgb: m~iv gwq`vi 89 bs AvqvZ

(‫) ﻻﯾﺆاﺧﺬﻛﻢ اﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﻮ ﻓﻲ اﯾﻤﺎﻧﻜﻢ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺆاﺧﺬﻛﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﻘﺪﺗﻢ اﻻﯾﻤﺎن‬
Gi e¨vL¨vq Km‡gi e¨vcv‡i ÔgvmAvjvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g dK¡xnM‡Yi wKQy gZvgZ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| ejv
n‡q‡QÑ hw` †KD KvÔev kixd A_ev †Kvb bexi bv‡g Kmg K‡i, Bgvg Avngv` (i.) e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wZb
Rb Bgv‡gi g‡Z Kmg n‡e bv Ges KvddvivI IqvwRe n‡e bv| Avi Bgvg Avngv` (i.) Gi g‡Z,
bexi bv‡g Kmg Ki‡j Kmg n‡q hv‡e| Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (i.) I Ab¨vb¨ BgvgM‡Yi `jxj nj,
nv`xm kix‡d G‡m‡Q- hw` Kmg Ki‡ZB nq Z‡e Avjøvni bv‡g Kmg Ki A_ev wbie _vK|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 7g LÛ, c„. 16)
5. D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv hvq †h, G Zvdmx‡i m~iv ZvIevi 101-105 bs AvqvZ Gi e¨vL¨vq gydvmwmi
Zvdmx‡i gvRnvix-5g LÛ, Zvdmx‡i Kexi-16Zg LÛ, Zvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvb-3q LÛ,
Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi-11Zg LÛ, Zvdmx‡i iæûj gvÔAvbx-11Zg LÛmn A‡bK¸‡jv cÖwm× Zvdmxi
MÖ‡š’i D×„wZ eënvi K‡i‡Qb|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 11Zg LÛ, c„. 21-30)
6. f~‡Mvj wekvi`M‡Yi †KD †KD GKwU cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡i _v‡Kb †h, mviv `ywbqv Lyu‡RI Zviv
RyjKvibvB‡bi cÖvPx‡ii mÜvb cvb wb| Gi Rev‡e Avjøvgv Avjymx (i.) Gi Zvdmx‡ii D×„wZ w`‡q
ejv n‡q‡Q- G cÖvPxi m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv †h Lei w`‡q‡Qb Zv h_v_© Ges mZ¨, G wel‡q Cgvb
ivLv KZ©e¨| Z‡e cÖvPxiwUi Ae¯’vb ¯’j AÁvZ| n‡Z cv‡i †mB RvwZi Avevm¯’j I Zv‡ì cÖvPxi
eo eo cvnvo I mgy‡`ªi Aci cÖv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z| Avi Zvgvg `ywbqv Lyu‡R †`Lvi `vex AevšÍi| †Kbbv f~-
c„‡ô GgbI RvqMv i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b AvRI †KD †cŠuQ‡Z cv‡i wb| ei‡d XvKv GgbI ce©Zgvjv i‡q‡Q
†hLv‡b gvby‡li c‡ÿ †cŠuQv‡bv Am¤¢e|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, lô`k LÛ, c„. 30)
mvZ. †hvMm~‡Îi eY©bv: Zvdmxi eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î G MÖ‡š’i gydvmwmi cÖ_‡g c~‡e©i
Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ eZ©gvb ZvdmxiK…Z Avqv‡Zi7 I c~‡e©i m~ivi mv‡_ eZ©gvb
ZvdmxiK…Z m~ivi8 ‡hvMm~Î eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| GUv G Zvdmx‡i GKwU Abb¨
‰ewkó¨|
AvU. m~iv bvgKi‡Yi Zvrch© eY©bv: wewfbœ m~ivi Zvdmx‡ii c~‡e© mswkøó m~ivi bvg
Ki‡Yi Zvrch© wb‡qI G Zvdmx‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|9
bq. D`y© I dvmx© KweZvi D×„wZ Dc¯’vcb: G Zvdmx‡i wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq
gydvmwmi AmsL¨ Aviex, D`y© I dvmx© KweZvi PiY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|10
7. ‡hgb: m~iv gyRvw`jvi 4-6 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ejv n‡q‡Q, c~e©eZ©x Avqv‡Z wRnv‡ii Kvd&dvivi
Av‡`k cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk G K_v †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Gme nj Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wba©vwiZ mxgv,
gyÕwgb gv‡Îi KZ©e¨ nj G mxgv ¸‡jv †g‡b Pjv| Avi G Avqv‡Z H mxgvjsNb Kvixi fqen cwiYwZi
K_v †Nvlbv K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q-
‫ا ن اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺤﺎدون اﷲ ورﺳﻮﻟﮫ ﻛﺒﺘﻮا ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺒﺖ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﻢ وﻗﺪ اﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﻨﺖ وﻟﻠﻜﺎ ﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺬاب ﻣﮭﯿﻦ‬
Ôwbðq hviv Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji we‡ivaxZv K‡i, Zv‡ì‡K AcgvwbZ Kiv n‡e, †hgb AcgvwbZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì c~e©eZ©x †jvK‡ì‡K| Avwg my¯úó AvqvZ mg~n AeZxY© K‡iwQ Ges Kv‡di‡ì
Rb¨ i‡q‡Q AZ¨šÍ gg©š‘` kvw¯ÍÕ|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, AvUvkZg LÛ, Z…Zxq cÖKvk, 2010 L„. c„. 12)
8. ‡hgb: m~iv nvki Gi Zvdmx‡ii ïiæ‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, c~e©eZ©x m~ivi †k‡l Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~j (mv.)
Gi we‡ivaxZvKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ mZK©evYx D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q| Avi G m~ivi ïiæ‡Z Bû`x I gybvwdK‡ì
kvw¯Íi eY©bv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
9. m~iv nv°vn Gi bvgKiY cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q, Avjøvgv Be‡b Kvmxi (i.) wj‡L‡Qb -nv°vn wKqvgv‡Zi
GKwU bvg| Avi G bv‡g bvgKi‡Yi KviY nj- wKqvgv‡Zi w`bB mKj cÖwZkÖæwZ Ges mZK©evYxi
mwVK ev¯Íevqb n‡e| A_ev G bvgKi‡Yi KviY G I n‡Z cv‡i †h, wKqvg‡Zi w`bB mKj wel‡qi
mwVK Zvrch© Rvbv hv‡e, †m w`bB mKj Avg‡ji e`jv †`qv n‡e|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, EbwÎkZg LÛ, Z…Zxq cÖKvk, 2012 L„. c„. 93)
10. ‡hgb m~iv Kvmvm Gi 76 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Kviæ‡bi m¤ú` cÖm‡½ `yÕwU KweZv †_‡K D×„wZ Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q-
‫ﻧﺼﯿﺒﻚ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺪھﺮ* رداء ان ﺗﻠﻮي ﻓﯿﮭﻤﺎ وﺣﻨﻮط‬
Ô`ywbqv‡Z mviv Rxeb hv Zzwg †ivRMvi Ki, Zv †_‡K †Zvgv‡K ïay `yÕwU Pvì Avi GKUz myMwÜ †`qv
n‡eÕ|
‫اﻛﺮﻣﻠﻚ ﺗﻮﺷﺎم ﺗﺎ ﯾﻤﻦ ﺧﻮاھﺪ ﺑﻮد* ازﺳﺮﺣﺪ روم ﺗﺎ ﺧﺘﻦ ﺧﻮاھﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
-‫اﺗﻨﺮور ﻛﺰﯾﻦ ﺟﮭﺎن ﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﺰم ﺳﻔﺮ* ھﻤﺮاه ﺗﻮ ﺣﻨﺪ ﻛﺰ ﻛﻔﻦ ﺧﻮاھﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
Ôhw` Zzwg wmwiqv †_‡K Bqvgvb ch©šÍ, GgbwK ‡ivgK mvgªv‡Rï mxgvšÍ ch©šÍ ¯’v‡bi AwaKvix nI, wKš‘
†h w`b Zzwg P‡j hv‡e, †m w`b †Zvgvi m‡½ K‡qK MR Kvd‡bi Kvco e¨ZxZ Avi wKQyB hv‡e bv|Õ
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, wekZg LÛ, cÂg cÖKvk, 2012 L„. c„. 155)
`k. bexM‡Yi bvg wfwËK Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcbv: Avw¤^qv (Av.) M‡Yi Av‡jvPbv G
Zvdmx‡i Zuv‡ì bvg Avjv`v-Avjv`v fv‡e D‡jøL K‡i we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q|11
GMvi. ÔAvÔgvjyj †KviAvbÕ Gi eY©bv: cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ AvqvZ Øviv ev¯Íe Rxe‡b
bvbv iKg AwfÁZvjä DcKvixZvi eY©bv G Zvdmx‡i ÔAvÔgvjyj †KviAvbÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|12 wb:m‡›`‡n GwU GB Zvdmx‡iiB GKwU Abb¨
êwkó¨|
evi. cÖ‡kœvËi Gi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb: cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq G
Zvdmx‡ii gydvmwmi cÖkœ Dc¯’vcb K‡i Zvici wb‡RB Avevi Reve cÖ`vb K‡i
Avqv‡Zi g~~jfve AwaKZifv‡e ¯úó Kivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|13
11. D`vnib ¯îƒc nhiZ AvBq~e (Av.) Gi bvg D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G Zvdmx‡ii mß`k L‡Û nhiZ
AvBq~e (Av.) Gi esk cwiPq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Zuvi Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv A‡bK¸‡jv NUbv GK RvqMvq
avievwnK fv‡e `xN© 18 c„ôv e¨vcx D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, mß`k LÛ, wØZxq cÖKvk, 1999 L„. c„. 117-134)
12. m~iv evKvivi 74 bs AvqvZ
‫ﺛﻢ ﻗﺴﺖ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟ ﻚ ﻓﮭﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎرة اواﺷﺪ ﻗﺴﻮة وان ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎرة ﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ اﻻ ﻧﮭﺎر اﻟﺦ‬
Gi e¨vL¨vi ci gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) ÔAvgvjyj †KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q D‡jøL
K‡ib- Ô†Kvb Mvfx ev eKixi `ya K‡g †M‡j Zvgvi ˆZix cv‡Î G AvqvZ wjwce× K‡i cweÎ cvwb
Øviv ‡aŠZ K‡i †mB cvwb Mvfx‡K cvb Kiv‡j Avjøvn cv‡Ki ûKz‡g `ya e„w× cvq| Ggwbfv‡e, hw`
†Kvb K~c ev bn‡ii cvwb K‡g hvq, G AvqvZ wjwce× K‡i Zv‡Z †dj‡j Avjøvn cv‡Ki ûKz‡g cvwb
e„w× cvq|Õ
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 15k LÐ, c„. 345)
13. m~iv evKvivi 25 bs AvqvZ-
(‫)وﺑﺸﺮ اﻟ ﺬﯾﻦ اﻣﻨﻮا وﻋﻤﻠﻮااﻟﺼﻠﺤﺖ ان ﻟﮭﻢ ﺟﻨﺖ ﺗﺠﺮي ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ اﻻﻧﮭﺎر‬
Gi e¨vL¨vq gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (i.) wj‡L‡Qb ÔAvg‡j mv‡jn wK?Õ Zvici wZwbB
DËi cÖ`vb K‡i wj‡Lb, ÔZvdmxiKviMb wjwce× K‡i‡Qb †h, Kv‡R 4wU welq cvIqv hv‡e Zv‡K
Avg‡j mv‡jn ejv hv‡e| 1. Bjg 2. mei 3. wbqZ 4. AvšÍwiKZv| nhiZ Be‡b AveŸvm (iv.)
†_‡K ewY©Z, G Avqv‡Z ÔAvg‡j mv‡jnÕ kãwUi A_© Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi cÿ †_‡K Av‡ivwcZ diR
Ges Avjøvni ev›`v‡ì nK¡|Õ
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, cÖ_g LÛ, PZz_© cÖKvk, 2009 L„. c„.224)
‡Zi. Ôgvmv‡qjyj †KviAvbÕ Gi eY©bv: G Zvdmx‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨vq Ôgvmv‡qjyj †KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q Avqv‡Z Kvixgvi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© d‡Zvqv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|14 GUvI GB Zvdmx‡iiB GKwU Ab¨Zg
êwkó¨|
‡PŠÏ. cÖwZwU L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z f~wgKv Dc¯’vcb: G ZvdmxiwUi 30 L‡Ði cÖwZwU L‡Ði
ïiæ‡ZB K‡qK c„ôv e¨vcx AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Av‡jvPbv Ôf~wgKvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme Ôf~wgKvÕq gydvmwmi GK-GK L‡Ð GK-GK ai‡Yi
Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, hv‡K cvV‡Ki ü`‡q †LvivK wn‡m‡e mve¨¯Í Kiv hvq|
c‡bi. wk‡ivbvg w`‡q e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb: G Zvdmx‡ii Av‡iKwU Abb¨ êwkó nj, wewfbœ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv‡K gydvmwmi wewfbœ wk‡ivbv‡g bvgKiY K‡i Zvici e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb|15 G‡Z K‡i H welqwU cvV‡Ki ¯§i‡Y Avjv`v K‡i ¯’vb K‡i †bq| G
Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g L‡Ûi ïiæ‡Z Z…Zxq Lwjdv nhiZ Imgvb (iv.) Zuvi
kvnv`v‡Zi c~‡e© g~û‡Z© †h KziAvb kixd Lvbv wZjvIqvZ KiwQ‡jb Zvi Ask
we‡k‡li `yj©f GKwU d‡UvKwcI ms‡hvRxZ n‡q‡Q| mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi
ZvmL›` jvB‡eªix‡Z GwU msiwÿZ Av‡Q Ges gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg
(i.) GwU ¯^P‡ÿ †`‡L‡Qb e‡jI G d‡UvKwci Qwei wb‡P wZwb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
G Zvdmx‡ii 1g L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z nwi‡Yi Pvgovq wjwce× cÖvPxbZg cweÎ
KziAv‡bi GKwU As‡ki d‡UvKwcI ms‡hvRxZ n‡q‡Q| G Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i Abyev`
I Zvdmx‡i mvi‡jï †Quvqv my®úó| wb‡gœ Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ KziAvb n‡Z
m~iv Avj Kvnv‡di cÖ_g 6 Avqv‡Zi e½vbyev` Zz‡j aiv nj-
m~iv Kvnd
ZiRgv
(1) cÖksmv gvÎB Avjøvn cv‡Ki Rb¨, whwb Zuvi ev›`vi Dci wKZve bvwRj K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡Z
†Kvb cÖKvi eµZv iv‡Lb wb|
14. Ôgvmv‡qjyj †KviAvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g m~iv evKvivi 94 bs AvqvZ-

(‫) ﻗﻞ ان ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ اﻟﺪار اﻻﺧﺮة ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ دون اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﺘﻤﻨﻮاﻟﻤﻮت ان ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺻﺎدﻗﯿﻦ‬
Gi e¨vL¨vq Ôg„Zz¨ Kvgbv wK êa?Ô G cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
(†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, cÖ_g LÛ, c„. 383)
(2) wZwb GB MÖš’‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c mycÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb- †hb Zv GK K‡Vvi Avhv‡ei Zv cÖ`k©b K‡i,
hv Avm‡e Avjøvn cv‡Ki Zid †_‡K| Avi my msev` cÖ`vb K‡i †bKKvi †gv‡gb‡ì‡K †h,
Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q DËg wewbgq|
(3) H DËg cÖwZ`v‡bi g‡a¨ Zviv _vK‡e wPiw`b|
(4) Avi †m me †jvK‡ì‡K mveavb Kivi Rb¨, hviv e‡j AvjøvncvK mšÍvb mšÍwZ iv‡Lb|
(5) G wel‡q Zv‡ì †Kvb ÁvbB †bB Ges Zv‡ì c~e©cyiæl‡ìI wQj bv| wK mvsNvwZK K_vB bv
Zv‡ì gyL †_‡K †ei nq| Zviv hv e‡j meB wg_¨v|
(6) AZ:ci (†n im~j!) hw` Zviv GB welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ Cgvb bv Av‡b Z‡e nq‡Zv Avcwb Av‡ÿc
Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wb‡Ri Rxeb wemR©b w`‡eb|15
ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ G eëüZ Aviex k‡ãi evsjv cÖwZeY©vq‡b wKQz ÎæwU-
wePz¨wZ jÿ Kiv hvq| †hgb: †hi Gi cÖwZeY©vq‡b ÔBÕ eënvi bv K‡i ÔGÕ eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Be‡b gvmD` (iv.) Gi ¯’‡j Ge‡b gvmD` †jLv n‡q‡Q|16 AvKivgv (iv.) Gi
¯’‡j GKivgv (iv.) †jLv n‡q‡Q|17 †ck Gi cÖwZeY©vq‡b †Kv_vI ( y) Kvi Avevi
†Kv_vI († v) Kvi eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|18 Avi wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq eëüZ D×„wZi
mg~‡ni Z_¨ m~Î wKQy wKQy ¯’v‡b cwinvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|19 wKQz `~e©j e³e¨20 I
gynvwÏmM‡Yi wbKU mgv‡jvwPZ nv`xm21 I G MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
15. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 15Zg LÛ, wØZxq cÖKvk, 1993 L„. c„.341
16. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 1g LÛ, c„. 100
17. cÖv¸³, c„. 103
18. cÖv¸³, c„. 124
19. †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, 18Zg LÛ, c„. 167, 186; 19Zg LÛ, c„. 246; wekZg LÛ, c„.
63, 84
20. ÔBgvg Rqb~j Av‡e`xb (i.) ˆ`wbK GK nvRvi ivKvÔAvZ bvgvR co‡ZbÕ G e³e¨wU G Zvdmx‡ii
wØZxq L‡Ði 387 bs c„ôvq m~iv evKvivi .............. bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
Z_¨wU bvgvR Av`v‡qi mybœvn c×wZ I we‡eK weiæ×| †Kbbv bvgvR Av`v‡qi mybœvn c×wZ nj
axiw¯’iZvi mv‡_ bvgvR Av`vq Kiv| (eyLvix, nvw`m bs- 2013)| A_P 1 w`‡b (24 N›Uv  60
wgwbU=1440 wgwbU) Nyg, cÖ‡qvRbxq †gŠwjK KvRKg© I bvgv‡Ri gvKiƒn mgq BZ¨vw` ev` w`‡j †Kvb
gvby‡li c‡ÿ ˆ`wbK GK nvRvi ivKvÔAvZ bvgvR mybœvn gyZvweK Av`vq Kiv m¤¢e n‡ebv| myZivs G
Z_¨wU‡K †hŠw³K fv‡e `~e©j e³e¨ e‡jB AbywgZ nq|
21. D`vniY ¯îƒc D‡jøL Kiv hvq †h, G Zvdmx‡ii 1g LÐi 122 bs c„ôvq nv`x‡m Kz`mx e‡j GKwU
eY©bv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q- ‫ ﻟﻮﻻك ﻟﻤﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ اﻻ ﻓﻼك‬Ô‡n bex! hw` Avcbv‡K m„wó Kivi D‡Ïk¨ bv _vKZ,
G RvZxq †QvU LvU wKQz ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ ¸‡jv ev` w`‡j gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg
(i.) Gi wjwLZ ÔZvdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ agx©q kvLvq wb:m‡›`‡n GKwU
Ag~j¨ ms‡hvRb|
Z‡e wek¦-m„wó Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf Ki‡Zv bv|Õ A_P Avjøvgv mvMvbx, Avj gvD`yÔAvZ Gi 52 bs c„ôvq; ‡gvjøv
Avjx K¡vix, Avj Avmivi Gi 194 c„ôvq; Avjv-AvRj~bx, Kvkdzj Lvdv Gi 2/214 bs c„ôvq;
kvIKvbx, Avj dvIqvB` Gi 2/441 c„ôvq; Ave`yj nvB jvLbex, Avj Avmviæj gvid~dv Gi 44 bs
c„ôvq G eY©bvwU‡K ev‡bvqvU I wfwËnxb e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
Dcmsnvi
wek¦gvbeZvi wn`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv hZ Avmgvwb wKZve AeZxY©

K‡i‡Qb cweÎ KziAvb nj †m m‡ei g‡a¨ me©‡kªô| Bnv wPišÍb I kvk¦Z| Bnv †Kvb
w`b cyivZb ev RxY© n‡e bv| Gi we¯§q AevwiZ, AvKl©Y AdzišÍ| G‡Z i‡q‡Q
wn`vqv‡Zi gkvj I Ávb-weÁv‡bi m~²vwZm~² Z_¨ m¤¢vi| mKj hy‡Mi mKj
mgm¨vi †hŠw³K mgvavb G‡Z we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| G gnv g~jëvb MÖš’wUi e¨vL¨v-
we‡kølY GwU AeZx‡Y©i Kvj †_‡KB ïiæ n‡q‡Q, Pj‡Z _vK‡e wKqvgZ ch©šÍ| †Kn
Gi †Kvb Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v K‡i G K_v †Rvi w`‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e bv †h, G e¨vL¨vB
†kl e¨vL¨v| eis hy‡Mi Pvwn`v gyZvweK wbZ¨-bZzb A‡bK wel‡qi e¨vL¨v gvbyl bZzb
K‡i cweÎ KziAv‡b Luy‡R cv‡e| †hgb m~iv nv`x‡` Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv †jvnv cÖm‡½
e‡j‡Qb- ‫ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺑﺄس ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬ÔG‡Z cÖPÛ ÿgZv i‡q‡Q|Õ G cÖPÛ ÿgZv Kx? GK mgq
Zvi e¨vL¨v wQj, Xvj Z‡jvqvi| Avi AvR Gi e¨vL¨v nj ÔAvYweK kw³Õ| nqZ
fwel¨‡Z n‡e bZzb Ab¨ wKQy| ZvB‡Zv Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡QbÑ
‫وﻟﻮان ﻣﺎﻓﻲ ا ﻻرض ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻗﻼم وﯾﻤﺪه ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه ﺳﺒﻌﺔ اﺑﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻔﺪت ﻛﻠﻤﺖ اﷲ‬
Ôc„w_ex‡Z hZ e„ÿ Av‡Q, meB hw` Kjg nq Ges mgy‡`ªi mv‡_I mvZ mgy`ª hy³ n‡q
Kvwj nq, ZeyI Zuvi e¨vL¨vejx wj‡L †kl Kiv hv‡e bv|Õ (Avj KziAvb, 31:27)|
Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix I iƒûj gvÔAvbx cÖ‡YZvi g‡Z ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺖ اﷲ‬Gi fvev_© nj Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjvi Ávbc~Y© I cÖÁvc~Y© evK¨vejx|
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv wb‡RB n‡jb G MÖ‡š’i me© cÖ_g e¨vL¨v `vZv| wZwb ivm~j
(mv.) †K wbR `vwq‡Z¡ G MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨v wkwL‡q‡Qb| ivm~j (mv.)I Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi
wkLv‡bv Bj‡gi Av‡jv‡K cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Zb| mvnvexMY ivm~j (mv.)
†_‡K cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v AvqZ¡ K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi (mv.) wZ‡ivav‡bi ci
ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K wb‡Riv Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi we¯Í…wZ NU‡j Aviex fvlvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Abviex fvlvqI cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©v ïiæ nq| Avi GiB avivevwnKZvq evsjv fvlvfvlx
AvwjgMYI cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©vq GwM‡q Av‡mb| c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi
gZ evsjv fvlvqI cweÎ KziAv‡bi evYx cÖvq nvRvi eQi a‡i evPwbK Abyev‡`B
cÖPwjZ wQj| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ga¨hy‡Mi (1201-1800 L„.) KwZcq gymwjg Kwe
†`kvPvi jsNb K‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Kvwnbx‡K wjwLZfv‡e Kveïƒc
w`‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e evsjvq cÖZ¨ÿ Zvdmxi PP©v ïiæ nq AvaywbK hy‡M A_©vr Dwbk
kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K| ZLb e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY wQj A‡bKUv LwÐZ AvKv‡i Abyev`
mswkøó| Avi G †ÿ‡Î Rbve AvKei Avjx, (R. ARvbv), bCg DÏxb (R. 1832),
Ave`yj mvËvi mydx (R. ARvbv), gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` iæûj Avwgb (R. 1875),
ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK (R. 1915), †gvjøv w``vi eLk (R. ARvbv), gynv¤§` Ave`yj
Avhxh wn›`x (R. 1868), W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn (R. 1885), Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj
(R. 1903) I AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRnvix (R. 1935)mn Av‡iv A‡b‡K AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| KwZcq Avwjg UxKv-wUàbx AvKv‡i cweÎ KziAv‡bi
Zvdmxi PP©vq f~wgKv iv‡Lb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjx (R. 1859),
†Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig (R. 1875), gynv¤§` bKxe DÏxb Luv (R.
1894), dRjyi ingvb †PŠayix (R. 1896), †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wmwÏKx (R.
1894) I W. Imgvb Mbx (R. 1935) D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avi huviv G fvlvq c~Y©v½
Zvdmxi PP©vq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jbÑ †gvnv¤§` AvKivg
Luv (R. 1922), Luvb evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Luv (R. 1890), I gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK
dwi`cyix (R. 1898) I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg (R. 1932)| Z‡e
gvIjvbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg iwPZ ÔZdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvbÕ MÖš’wUB ïay we¯ÍvwiZ I
†gŠwjK|
GQvov wewfbœ fvlvq iwPZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev‡ì KvRI evsjv fvlvq
h‡_ô ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ GwM‡q P‡j‡Q| G ch©šÍ Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi, gvÔAv‡idzj
KziAvb, dx whjvwjj KziAvb, Zvdmxi-B-Zvevix, Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix, Zvdmx‡i
Be‡b AveŸvm, Zvdmx‡i Dmgvbx, Zvdmx‡i Kvexi, Zvdnxgyj KziAvb I Zvdmx‡i
gv‡R`x, RvjvjvBb, AvnKvgyj KziAvb I eqvbyj KziAvb Gi gZ A‡bK¸‡jv
wek¦weL¨vZ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev` B‡Zvg‡a¨ m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î G ‡`‡ki
L¨vZbvgv AvwjgM‡Yi mv‡_ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, AvaywbK cÖKvkbx,
Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix I Avj KziAvb GKv‡Wgx jÐb Gi Ae`vb Awe¯§iYxq|
eZ©gv‡b cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi PP©vq evsjv fvlvfvlx Avwjg I mvaviY
gvby‡li g‡a¨ h‡_ó AvMÖn cwijwÿZ n‡”Q| Zv‡Z Avkv Kiv hvq AwP‡iB evsjv
fvlvq Zvdmx‡i kv‡¯¿i GKwU wekvj fvÛvi M‡o DV‡e Bbkv Avjøvn| Avi G gnr
Kg©wU‡Z †h mKj gbxlx Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Ges †i‡L P‡j‡Qb Avjøvn AvÔAvjvi Kv‡Q
Zuv‡ì mK‡ji Rb¨ DËg cÖwZ`vb Kvgbv KiwQ|
MÖš’cwÄ
Aviex MÖš’vejx
MÖš’Kvi MÖš’
: Avj KziAvbyj Kvixg
Avãyj gv‡jK web Avwãj Kv‡ì : Kvg~mj~ gmZv‡jnvZ, wbR¯^ cÖKvkbv, Kzwgjøv :
1997 L„.
gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxg Avj hviKvbx : gvbvwnjyj BiKvb dx Bj~wgj KziAvb, `viæj
KzZze Avj Avj Bmjvwgq¨v, êiæZ: 1988 L„.
RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx : Avj BZKvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, KzZze Lvbv
Gkvqv‡Z Bmjvg, w`jøx : Zv: we:
Avng` †gvjøv wRDb : b~iæj AvbIqvi dx kiwnj gvbvi, Gg`vw`qv
jvB‡eªix, XvKv : Zv. we.
gynv¤§` Avjx mveybx : AvZ wZeBqvb dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, wiqv` :
Zv.we.
Avgxgyj Bnmvb : BhvûZ Zvbexi dx Dm~wjZ, Zvdmxi Avkivwdqv
jvB‡eªix, XvKv:-1995 L„.
BmgvBj Be‡b Kvmxi : Zvdmxiiæj KziAvwbj AvRxg, `viæj MvÏxj
Rv`x`, wgki, Kvq‡iv : 2007 L„.
gvbœv Avj KvËvb : gvevwnm dx Djywgj KziAvb, gvKZvev Avj
gvÔAvwid, wiqv` : 1999 L„.
W. mvjvn Ave`yj dvËvn Avj : AvZ Zvdmxiæj gvI`vqx, `viæb bvmvwdqv,
Lvwj`x R`©vb : 1997 L„.
ivwMe B¯úvnvbx : gydiv`vZ, gvbZvev gyiZvhv, jv‡nvi : Zv. we.
Avjøvgv hviKvkx : Avj eyinvAvb, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v,
êiæZ : 20-1 L„.
W. ûmvBb Avh hvnvex : AvZ Zvdmxi Iqvj gydvmwmiæ, G`viv Zzj

KziAvb, cvwK¯Ívb : 1997 L„.
Beby gvbhyi : wjmvbyj Avie, `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex
êiæZ : 1995 L„.
b~iæÏxb wbqvgvZzjøvn : diKzj jyMvZ wdZ Zvgqx‡h evBbv gvdvw`wjj

Avj Rvhvwqix : KvwjgvZ, gvKZvev bvkwim mvdvKvwZj
Bmjvwgq¨v, †Znivb : 1408 wn.
Lvwj` web Dmgvb Avm mveZ : KvIqvwq`yZ Zvdmxi, `viæ Be‡b Avddvb,
Kvq‡iv: 1421 wn.
AvkdvKzi ingvb : : wgiAvZzZ Zvdmxi, KzZze Lvbv ivnxwgq¨v, w`jøx:
Zv. we.
kixd Avjx : : wKZveyZ ZvÔwidvZ, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v,
êiæZ : 1995 L„.
Kvhx bvwmiæÏxb evqhvex : : Zvdmxiæ evqhvex, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v,
êiæZ : Zv. we.
hvgvLkvix : : Avmvmyj evjvMvn, `viæj Kjg, êiæZ: Zv. we.
Avj evMvfx : : gvÔAvwjgyZ Zvbhxj, B`viv ZvjxdvZ, gyjZvb,
Zv. we.
Z¡vKx Dmgvbx : Dj~gyj KziAvb, hvKvwiqv eyK wW‡cv, †Ìe›`:
Zv. we.
gvngy` Avj~mx : iƒûj gvÕAvbx, `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex,
Zv. we.
Avãyi ivh&hvK Avm mvgAvbx : Zvdmxiæ Avewì ivh&hvK, `viæ KzZzwej
Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ : 1991 L„,
Beby ZvBwgqvn : gvRgyD dvZvIqv, Avi iæÔAvmvZzj Av¤§vn,
wiqv` : Zv. we.
BqvKzZ Avj nvgvfx : gyÔRvgyj D`vev, gvZevÕAvZz Cmv Avj-nvjvex,
Kvq‡iv : 1936 L„.
W. ûmvBb Avh hvnvex : ZvhvwKivZzj ûddvh, w`jøx, Zv.we.
gvR`yÏxb gynv¤§` Avj wd‡ivhvev`x : Avj Kvg~myj gynxZ, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨vn,
êiæZ : 1415 wn.
LvqiæÏxb Avj whwiKvbx : Avj Avjvg, Kvq‡iv: 1954 wn.
Aveyj jvqm mvgviKv›`x : evûiæj Dj~g, `viæj KzZze Avj Bjwgq¨v,
êiæZ : 1413 wn.
mvgmyÏxb `vD`x : ZvevKveyj gydvmwmixb, `v‡g¯‹ : 1370 wn.

Avey nvBq¨vb Av›`vjymxb : Avj evniæj gynxZ, `viæj wdKi, êiæZ :
1992 L„.
Beby Lvj`yb : Avj gyKvÏgvn, Avi kviwdq¨v, wgki : 1372 wn.
Avey Cmv AvZ wZiwgRx : Avj Rvwg, `viæj Kjg, ‰eiæZ : Zv. we.
myq~Zx : ZvevKzZzj ûddvh , ‡jWb : 1839 L„.
Mvhvjx : GnBqvq~ Dj~wgÏxb, w`jøx, Zv. we.
Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx : wjmvbyj wghvb, `viæj wdKi, êiæZ : Zv. we.
Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx : dvZûj evix, Avbmvix †cÖm, w`jøx : 1403 wn.
Beby LvwjøKvb : IqvwdBqvZzj AvÔBqvb dx Av¤^vD AvebvBe
hvgvb, `viæ wKZvwej Avivex, êiæZ : 1414 wn.
BmgvBj cvkv Avj evM`v`x : nvw`qvZzj Avwidxb Iqv AvmgvDj gyqvwjødxb
Iqv Avmviæj gymvwbœdxb, `viæ GnBqvDZ
Zzivwmj Avivex, êiæZ : Zv. we.
gy¯Ívdv Avj Avwd›`x (nvRx Ljxdv) : Kvkdzh hybb, `viæj wdKi, `v‡gkK : 1402
wn.
gynv¤§` hynv‡qi Avk kvIqvk : gvwjK, Avj gvKZvev Avj Bmjvgx, `v‡gkK:
1964 L„.
gywnDÏxb kvqL hv`vn : nvwkqv kvqL hv`vn Avjv Zvdmxwi evqhvex,

`viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨v, êiæZ : 1999 L„.
W. gynv¤§` †ejvj †nvmvBb : AvjKvhx bvwmi DÏxb Avj evqhvex Iqv Avmiæn
dx Zvdmxwij KziAvb, gviKvhyj eûwmj
Bmjvwgq¨v, ivRkvnx : 2001 L„.
kvqL BmgvBj : Zvdmxiæ iƒwnj eqvb, `viæj GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj
Avivex, êiæZ : Zv. we.
gymwjg : Avm mnxn, nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, XvKv: Zv. we.
gvivMx : Zvdmxiæj gvivMx, gvKZvev Be‡b ZvBwgqv,
Kvq‡iv : Zv. we.
eyLvix : Avj Rvwg, KzZzeLvbv Bmjvwgqv, †Ìe›` : Zv.we.
eìæÏxb AvCbx : Dg`vZzjKvix, `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex,

êiæZ : Zv. we.
Avng` : gymbv`, `viæj Kjg, êiæZ : Zv.we.
gynv¤§` mveevM : jvgnvZ dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, Avj gvKZvev Avj
Bmjvgx, `v‡gkK : 1394 wn.
W. dvnv` iƒgx : Dj~gyZ Zvdmxi, gvKZvevZzZ ZvIev,
wiqv` : 1416 wn.
hvnvex : wmqviæ Avjvg Avb byevjv, `viæ GnBqvZzZ
Zzivwmj Avivex, êiæZ : 1406 wn.
KvImvix : bmeyj evwiqvn, gvZevÔAvZzj AvbIqvi,
Kvq‡iv : Zv. we.
gynv¤§` Be‡b mvÔ` : ZvevKvZzj Kzeiv, êiæZ : 1985 wn.
Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjvbx : ZvnwheyZ Zvnhxe, `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨vn,
‰eiæZ : 1415 wn.
Bgvg beex : Zvnhxeyj Avmgv Iqvj jyMvZ, `viæj KzZzwej

Bjwgq¨vn, êiæZ : Zv. we.
gvbœv Avj KvËvb : gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, êiæZ : 1999 L„.
Zvevix : RvwgDj evqvb Avb Zvwewj AvBwqj KziAvb,
`viæj wdKvi, êiæZ : Zv. we.
hvnvex : ZvhvwKivZzj ûddvh, `vwqivZzj gvÔAvwid,
nvq`vivev` : Zv. we.
Avey bvCg Bùvnvbx : ûj BqvZzj AvDwjqv, `viæj KzZzwej Avivex,
êiæZ : 1987 L„.
Av`bvQvex : ZvevKvZzj gydvmwmixb, gvKZvevZzj Dj~g Iqvj
wnKvg gw`bv : 1998 L„.
Avãyj Innve Beivnxg : wKZveyj evnvQ Iqv` wìvmvwZj Bmjvwgq¨vn,
`viæk kviK, wR›`v : 1986 L„.
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yj AvRxR : ZvKgxjyj evqvb dx Zvdmxiæj KziAvb, XvKv :
1987 L„.
W. Beªvnxg gv`Kzi : gyÔRvg~j IqvmxZ, KzZze Lvbv ûmvBwbqv,

†Ìe›` : 1972 L„.
†gvnv¤§` Avjx mveybx : mvdIqvZzZ Zvdvmxi, `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj,
Avivex, êiæZ : 2008 L„.
gyLZvi kvbKxwZ : AvÌqvDj evqvb dx Bhvwnj KziAvb wej KziAvb,
gvKZvev Be‡b ZvBwgqv, Kvq‡iv : 1995 L„.
W. myewn mvwjn : gvevwnm dx Dj~wgj KziAvb, `viæj Bjg wjj
gvjvBb, êiæZ : 1995 L„.
evsjv MÖš’vejx
MÖš’Kvi MÖš’
Aa¨vcK Av.Z.g gym‡jn DÏxb : Aviex mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
evsjv‡`k, XvKv : 1986 L„.
Be‡b KvQxi : Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi, (AävcK AvLZvi
dviæK Ab~w`Z), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k,
XvKv : 2003 L„.
gydwZ gynv¤§` DevB`yjøvn : KziAvb msKj‡bi BwZnvm, `viæj BdZv I
M‡elYv cwil`, XvKv : 1986 L„.
Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl m¤úv`bv cwil` : KziAvb cwiwPwZ, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
W. Imgvb Mbx : †KviAvb kixd (Ab~w`Z), gwjøK eªv`vm©,
KjKvZv : 1995 L„.
Kvhx QvbvDjøvn cvwb c_x : Zvdmx‡i gvhnvix, (evsjv Abyev`), BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv : 1997 L„.
m¤úv`bv cwil` : `vBivn gvÔAvwidzj Bmjvwgq¨vn, jv‡nvi :
1989 L„.
m¤úv`bv cwil` : Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
W. Avãyi ingvb Av‡bvqvix : Zvdmxiæj KziAvb : DrcwË I µgweKvk,

BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv : 2002 L„.
gynv¤§` gvgybyi iwk` : Zvdmx‡i gvRnvix (e½vbyev`), LvbKv‡q
†gvRv‡Ïw`qv, nvwKgvev` : 1998 L„.
Ave`yi inxg : nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx,
XvKv : 1997 L„.
W. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÔey` : Avmnv‡e ivm~‡ji Rxeb K_v : evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK

†m›Uvi, XvKv : 1989 L„.
Avjøvg Beby Kvmxi : Zvdmx‡i Be‡b Kvmxi, W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi
ingvb (Abyw`Z), Zvdmxi cvewj‡Kkb KwgwU,
XvKv : 1999 L„.
Z¡Kx Imgvbx : Dj~gyj KziAvb, (evsjv Abyev`), Avj
RvwgqvZzm wmÏxwKqv, XvKv : 2005 L„.
W. Gg.Gg. ingvb : e¨w³ I mgvR Rxe‡b gmwR‡ì f~wgKv,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv|
W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj : †gvdvmwmi cwiwPwZ I Zvdmxi ch©v‡jvPbv,
†m›Uvi di BmjvwgK wimvP©,
ivRkvnx : 2011 L„.
W. gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK : gymwjg evsjv mvwnZ¨, cvwK¯Ívb cvewj‡KkÝ,
XvKv : 1965 L„.
Aa¨vcK Avjx Avng` : evsjv fvlvq KziAvb gvRx‡ì Abyev`, mvßvwnK
AvivdvZ, we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v, 1988 L„.
W. Gbvgyj nK (m¤úvw`Z) : BDmyd †Rv‡jLv, XvKv : 1984 L„.
ˆmq` myjZvb : IdvZ-B-ivm~j, †bvqvLvjx : 1356 e.
Ag‡j›`y ‡` : evsjv fvlvq †KviAvb PP©v : iZœv cÖKvkb,
KjKvZv : 1999 L„.
wMwik P›`ª †mb : †KviAvb kixd (Abyw`Z), nid cÖKvkbx,
KjKvZv : 1979 L„.
W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb : evsjv fvlvq KziAvb PP©v, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb

†gvdvLLvi û‡mBb Lvb : cweÎ KziAvb cÖPv‡ii BwZnvm I e½vbyev‡ì
kZel©, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv : 1997 L„.
W. ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yj A`y` : evsjv fvlvq KziAvb PP©v : DrcwË I µg
weKvk, Avj KziAvb B›Uvib¨vkbvj wimvP©
GKv‡Wgx, XvKv : 2004 L„.
Avjx Avng` : evsjv gymwjg MÖš’cwÄ, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv :
1995 L„.
†gvnv¤§` AvKivg Lvu : †KviAvb kixd (Ab~w`Z), wSbyK cyw¯ÍKv, XvKv :
1382 e./1975 L„.
Avãyi ingvb : Avgcvivi ZigRv, mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, we‡kl
KziAvb msL¨v, 1968 L„.
†gvt Avãyi iv¾vK : evsjv fvlvq gymwjg †jLK MÖš’cwÄ, ivRkvnx :
1988 L„.
Ave`yj mvËvi : ZdwQi QvËix, KjKvZv : 1323 e.
gynv¤§` iƒûj Avwgb : †KviAvb kixd (Ab~w`Z) KjKvZv, Zv. we.
†gvnv¤§` BDmyd Lvub : Pi‡gbvBi giûg cxi ‰mq` †gvt GQnvK mv‡ne
†Kejvi mswÿß Rxebx, ewikvj : 1983 L„.
ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK : Zvdmx‡i ZvevivKvjøvRx, XvKv : 1393 e.
ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK : Zvdmx‡i Avgcviv, XvKv : 1399 e.
kvgmy¾vgvb I †mwjbv †nv‡mb : PwiZvwfavb, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv : 1985 L„.
(m¤úvw`Z)
W. gynv¤§` KzìZ-G Ly`v : cweÎ KziAv‡bi cyZ K_v, KjKvZv : 1945 L„.
Gqvi Avng` Gj,wU : Av¤úvivi ev½vjv ZvdQxi, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªix,
XvKv : 1944 L„.
†gvnv¤§` Avjx nvmvb I : †KviAvb kixd (Ab~w`Z) : Imgvwbqv eyK wWcy,
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvKxg XvKv : Zv. we.
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwk` wQwÏKx : gnv Kzivb Kve¨, KjKvZv : 1334 L„.
`v`y wgRvbyi ingvb : †e‡n¯Íx mvIMvZ, †dYx : 1976 L„.
W. †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb : W±i gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb

gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK : gnvb gbxlx W±i gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, †i‡bmv
wcÖ›Uvm©, XvKv : 1967 L„.
ûgvqb AvRv` : gynv¤§` Ave`yj nvB iPbvejx, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
XvKv : 1994 L„.
AvRnvi DÏxb : evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn, KjKvZv :
1968 L„.
Ave`yi ingvb : KziAvb I Rxeb `k©b, ingvb mÝ cvewj‡KkÝ,
PÆMÖvg : 1963 L….
gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb : gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg (i.) GKwU wecøex
†PZbvi cÖZxK, gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg
dvD‡Ðkb, XvKv : 1994 L„.
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg : m~iv dvwZnvi Zvdmxi, Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, XvKv :
2000 L„.
gxi †gvnv¤§` AvLZvi : m~iv dvwZnvi Zvdmxi, AvÄygvb B‡Ënv`, PÆMÖvg
: 1977 L„.
†gvnv¤§` nv`xmyi ingvb : AvbIqviæZ Zvbhxj, AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ,
XvKv : 1979 L„.
†gvnv¤§` Rvjvj DÏxb Avj-Kv‡ìx : ì‡m KziAvb Kixg, ˆZq¨weqv GKv‡Wg, PÆMÖvg
1991 L„.
‡gvnv¤§` wgRvbyi ingvb : Avgcviv I cÂ Qyiv : avbgwÛ, XvKv : 1980 L„.
dvhjyj Kixg AvbIqvix : D¤§yj KziAvb, XvKv : 1968 L„.
Aveyj nvwkg : Avj dvwZnv, XvKv : 1980 L„.
gynv¤§` kidzj Bmjvg : Zvdmx‡i dvZûj gvRx`, XvKv : 1988 L„.
kvgmyj nK †`ŠjZcyix : Zvdmxi AvnKvgyj KziAvb, XvKv : 1993 L„.
kªxgwZ Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq : †gŠjfx fvB wMwikP›`ª †mb, nid cÖKvkbx,
KjKvZv : 1979 L„.
gybkx †kL RgxiæÏxb : wMwik evey: Bmjvg cÖPviK, KjKvZv : 1901 L„.
G.Gm.Gg AvwRRyj nK Avbmvix : gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx,
Ave`yj Kvwì : KziAvb gvRx‡ì evsjv Abyev`, BmjvwgK

GKv‡Wgx, XvKv : 1961 L„.
kªx wKiY †Mvcvj wmsn : Avgcviv (Ab~w`Z), KjKvZv : 1924 L„.
‡Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig : †KviAvb (Ab~w`Z), Gmjvwgqv jvB‡eªix,
Uv½vBj : 1321 e.
‡Lv›`Kvi Aveyj dRj Ave`yj Kwig : Avj †KviAvb (c`¨vbyev`), Avgcviv,
KjKvZv : 1932 L„.
‡gvnv¤§` bKxe DÏxb Lvu : e½vbyev` KziAvb kixd, KjKvZv : 1378 e.
Ave`yj Iqv‡mK : Avgcviv (Ab~w`Z), KjKvZv : 1933 L„.
Avjx nvq`vi ‡PŠayix : KziAvb kixd (Ab~w`Z), wSbyK cyw¯ÍKv, XvKv :
1967 L„.
W. gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb Avng` : kvnbyi KziAvb kixd; XvKv : 1983 L….
†gŠ. kvn Kgi¾vgvb : LyjvQvZzj Kzivb, XvKv : 1981 L„.
Avey bmi Ave`yi iDd : Av`k© Rexb PwiÎ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni,
KjKvZv : 1998 L„.
†gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni : Avi †KviAvb ZiRgv I Zvdmxi, g`bx wgkb,
KjKvZv : 1971 L„.
Ave`yi ingvb Lvu : KziAvb kixd (Ab~w`Z). cÖwfwmÝqvj jvB‡eªix,
XvKv : 1979 L….
†gvt Ave`ym mvËvi : dwi`cy‡i Bmjvg, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb,
kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix : nv°vbx ZdQxi, XvKv : 1982 L„.
gydZx `xb †gvnv¤§` Lvb : Zvdmx‡i m~iv BDmyd, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
KvRx gynv¤§` gyCb DÏxb : Kvbhyj Bidvb I †gvLviæZ Zvdmxi, AvÄygvb
wcÖ›Uvm© GÛ cvewjkvm©, PÆMÖvg : 1984 L„.
gydwZ gynv¤§` kdx : Zvdmx‡i gvÔAv‡idzj †KviAvb (gywnDÏxb Lvb)
KZ©„K e½vbyevw`Z), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb
Ave`yj gv‡R` `wiqvev`x : Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd (IevB`yi ingvb gwjøK
KZ©„K e½vbyevw`Z), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb

mvB‡q` KzZze : dx whjvwjj KziAvb, nv‡dR gywbi DÏxb Avng`
(I Ab¨vb¨) KZ…©K e½vbyevw`Z, Avj †KviAvb
GK‡Wgx, XvKv : 1997 K….
Be‡b Rvixi Zvevix : Zvdmx‡i Zvevix kixd (e½vbyevw`Z), BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb, evsjv‡`k, XvKv : 1993 L„.
mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`y`x : Zvdnxgyj KziAvb (e½vbyevw`Z), AvaywbK
cÖKvkbx, XvKv : 1995 L„.
gynv¤§` gwZDi ingvb : evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymwjg HwZn¨, BmjvwgK
†m›Uvi, XvKv : 2002 L„.
Bgvg dLiæÏxb ivhx : Zvdmx‡i Kvexi (e½vbyevw`Z), BmjvwgK
Avey eKi Avj Rvmmvm : AvnKvg~yj KziAvb (e½vbyevw`Z), BmjvwgK
Avkivd Avjx _vbex : eqvbyj KziAvb (e½vbyevw`Z), Gg`vw`qv
jvB‡eªix, XvKv : 1336 wn:
‡gvnv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb : nhiZ gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg:
Rxeb I mvabv, Avb byi cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv :
2003 L„.
†gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg : Zdmx‡i b~iæj †KviAvb, Avj evjvM
cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv : 1981 L„.
mvB‡q` †gvnv¤§` mvdIqvb : eqvbyj Bmjvg, eviKvZx cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv :
2011 L„.
gvIjvbv †gvt Ave`yj nvwjg : wKQy ¯§„wZ wKQz K_v, Avb byi cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv
: 2013 L„.
gvIjvbv gwnDÏxb Lvb : Avj-KvImvi, gw`bv cvewj‡KkÝ,
XvKv : 1994 L„.
The Encyclo Padia of Islam (Leiden. 1978) vol. iv
cÎ-cwÎKv I mvgwqKx
m¤úvw`Z : AvivdvZ (mvßvwnK) , we‡kl KziAvb msL¨v, 1968 L„.
m¤úvw`Z : Av‡jvi cÖZxK (¯îwYKv) , RwgqZ cÖKvkbx, XvKv : 1990 L„.
m¤úvw`Z : †mev (¯îwYKv), evqZzk kid kvn RveŸvwiqv nvmcvZvj, PÆMÖvg : 2001 L„.
m¤úvw`Z : A‡UvMÖvd (mvgwqKx) , AvwdKv †cÖvWv±, cÖv.wj. XvKv : 1996 L„.
m¤úvw`Z : we‡eK (mvgwqKx), ‡k‡i evsjv RvZxq wkï GKv‡Wgx, Avwddv †cÖvWv±
cÖv.wj. XvKv : 2000 L„.
m¤úvw`Z : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb cwÎKv, (ˆÎgvwmK)

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wcGBP.wW.

wWMÖxi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©-2013

evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©v t we‡klZ Zdmx‡i

evsjv fvlvq Zvdmxi PP©v t we‡klZ Zdmx‡i

wcGBP.wW. wWMÖxi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©-2013

(W. gyn¤§` kwdKzi ingvb)

(†gvt Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`)

‡gvt Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`

†_‡K evsjv-cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k ev½vjx gymwjg cwÐZeM© KziAv‡bi e½vbyev`, XxKv-

W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn 129

†gvnv¤§` AveŸvQ Avjx 160

Zvdmx‡i gv‡R`x kixd 213

‡iwWI-†Uwjwfk‡b e³„Zv cÖ`vb 252

‫( ﻗﺮآن‬KziAvb) Gi kvwãK we‡kølY

‫( ﻗﺮآن‬KziAvb) Gi cvwifvwlK cwiPq

cweÎ KziAv‡bi 114 wU m~ivi g‡a¨ 86 wU gv°x I 28 wU gv`vbx| cweÎ KziAv‡b

52. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³. c. 89

Zvdmxiæj KziAvb cwiwPwZ

* Avjøvgv ZvdZvhvbx e‡jb-8

* Avjøvgv hviKvkx e‡jb- 9

* Avjøvgv RyiRvbxi g‡Z- 10

* Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx e‡jb- 11

* Avjøvgv gvZzwi`x e‡jb-12

* Zvdmx‡i evqhvex MÖš’Kvi e‡jb- 13

12. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ, 221

9. Be‡b gvbhyi, wjmvbyj Avie, cÖv¸³, LÐ-13, c„.33

19. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 17

Zvdmxi I ZvÕex‡ji cv_©K¨

Zvdmxi I ZvÕexj DfqwUiB jÿ¨ nj cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv|

‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺎن‬Z_v mgv_©‡evaK I KvQvKvwQ A‡_©i e‡j‡Qb| Avjøvgv hviKvbx e‡jb-

9. Bgvg gvZzwi`x Gi g‡Z,22 Zvdmxi mvnvevMY (iv.) †_‡K M„nxZ| cÿvšÍ‡i

22. hvnvex cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„.18

28. Avj~mx, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, f‚wgKv, c„. 4

eY©©bv wfwËK Zvdmxi (‫)اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮواﯾﺔ‬

2. Zvdmxiæ gyRvwn` ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺎھﺪ‬

18. Beb LvwjøKvb, cÖv¸³, L- 1, c„. 79

14. Zvdmxiæj KziAvwbj AvRxg ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬

30 Aa¨vcK nvixix, Zvix‡L Zvdmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 146

1. AvbbyKvZz Iqvj ÔDq~b dx Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj Kvixg- ‫)اﻟﻨﻜﺖ واﻟﻌﯿﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬

Ôgv`vwiKzZ Zvbhxj Iqv nvKvwqKyZ ZvÕexjÕ (‫ ) ﻣﺪارك اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾﻞ و ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﺎوﯾﻞ‬MÖš’wU

50. cÖv¸³, c„. 332-334

9. Zvdmxiæ iƒwnj evqvb ( ‫) ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ روح اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬

Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i DrcwË

5. Avj KziAvb, 2:177,

G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb- ‫وﻛﺬاﻟﻚ ﯾﺠﺘﺒﯿﻚ رﺑﻚ وﯾﻌﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ‬

m~iv Avj-Bgiv‡b G‡m‡Q-

17. hvnvex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„.121

ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi hy‡M KziAvb Zvdmxi

6. myq~Zx, cÖv¸³, 2q LÐ c„. 348

-‫وﻻﯾﺌﻮده ﺣﻔﻈﮭﻤﺎ وھﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬

`yB : wimvjZ msµvšÍ

wZb t KziAvbyj Kvixg msµvšÍ

Z‡e KziAv‡bi Ab¨Î Gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q e‡jb-

‫اﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎت ﻟـﻠﻔﻘﺮاء واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛﯿﻦ و اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﮭﻢ وﻓﻰ‬

Z‡e Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q-

37. Avj-KziAvb, 2 : 197

nv`xm Øviv Kz i Av‡bi e¨vL¨v

8. Avjx mveybx, cÖv¸³, c„. 67

13. Avj KziAvb, 2: 38

19. Avj KziAvb, 8 :60

7. wZiwghx, Avj Rvwg, cÖv¸³, Zvdmxi Aa¨vq, nv`xm bs -3204

1. Avãyj gvÔey`, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„ 53

9. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÕey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 139

19. Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Avj Bmvev, 2q LÐ, c„. 323