BDwbU

4 cwi‡ek

f‚wgKv
gvbyl Zvi Pvicv‡k hv wKQy †`‡L Ges hvi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq ZvB Zvi cwi‡ek| gvbe Rxe‡bi
Dci cwi‡ek Mfxifv‡e cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| ˆ`wnK MVb, LvIqv-`vIqv, †cvkvK-AvkvK, K…wó,
ms¯‹…wZ, Rxeb-hvcb-c×wZ mewKQyB cwi‡ek Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq| ZvB ejv nq, gvbyl Zvi
cwi‡e‡ki m„wó| AvRKvj MvQcvjv wbab, eb DRvo, †gvUi hv‡bi Kv‡jv †auvqv, hÎZÎ wkí
KviLvbv ¯’vcb, cwjw_‡bi Aeva e¨envi cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y cwi‡e‡ki wech©q NU‡Q| cÖvK…wZK
cwi‡e‡ki GB wech©q †iv‡ai e¨e¯’v bv Ki‡j gvbe mf¨Zv ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡e| Z‡e G
e¨vcv‡i m‡PZbZv m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ miKvix I †emiKvixfv‡e
wPš—vfvebv Pj‡Q| G‡Z Avkv Kiv hvq †h, A`~i fwel¨‡Z Avgiv my›`i I evm‡hvM¨ cwi‡ek
M‡o Zzj‡Z m¶g ne| GB BDwb‡Ui cuvPwU cv‡V cwi‡ek msi¶‡Yi ¸i“Z¡ I Dcvq m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV- 1 : msÁv, A_© I wewfbœiƒc

D‡Ïk¨ : GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

cwi‡e‡ki msÁv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡ek, †hgb− cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek, mvgvwRK cwi‡ek I ivR‰bwZK
cwi‡e‡ki eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

4.1.1 cwi‡ek-Gi msÁv I A_©

cwi‡ek ej‡Z cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v‡K eySvq| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Avgiv hv wKQy †`wL Ges hvi
cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ nB Zv‡K cwi‡ek e‡j| Avgv‡`i Nievox, AvmevecÎ, †¶ZLvgvi, MvQ-cvjv,
Rjevqy, †Ljvi gvV, wk¶vcÖwZôvb, KjKviLvbv, nvU-evRvi, ag©xq cÖwZôvb mKj wKQyi mgš^‡q
†h †fŠ‡MvwjK I mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi m„wó nq Zv‡K cwi‡ek e‡j| Rxeb I cwi‡ek AZ¨š—
Nwbôfv‡e m¤úK©hy³| gvm©wUb †eU&m Gi g‡Z, Òcwi‡ek nj †mB mKj evwn¨K Ae¯’vi mgwó
hv Rxe‡bi weKvk‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i|Ó Rxe‡bi Avkv-AvKvO¶v, myL-`ytL, mvdj¨,
ˆbivk¨, Drmvn, DÏxcbv BZ¨vw` mewKQyB cwi‡e‡ki `vb|

4.1.2 cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœiƒc

cwi‡ek‡K mvaviYZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq, †hgb− (K) cÖvK…wZK ev †fŠ‡MvwjK cwi‡ek, (L)
mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Ges (M) ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek| wb‡P G¸‡jvi weeiY †`Iqv nÕj :

(K) cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek− cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek‡K †fŠ‡MvwjK cwi‡ekI ejv nq| gvbyl Zvi Pviw`‡K
cÖK…wZi m„wói ˆewP‡Î¨i †h mgv‡ivn j¶¨ K‡i Zv-B cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek ej‡Z
Avgv‡`i Pvi cv‡ki f‚-cÖK…wZ, Rjevqy, cvnvo-ce©Z, b`-b`x, mvMi-gnvmvMi, Lvj-wej, eb-
R½j, e„wócvZ BZ¨vw` mewKQyi wgwjZ evwn¨K iƒc‡K eySvq|
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(L) mvgvwRK cwi‡ek− mvgvwRK cwi‡ek ej‡Z msNe× gvby‡li eûgyLx Rxe‡bi mgwóMZ iƒc
I Ae¯’v‡K eySvq| Rxeb weKv‡ki ZvwM‡`, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, ag©xq, A_©‰bwZK
BZ¨vw` wel‡q gvbyl †h cvwicvwk¦©K m¤úK© I msMVb iPbv K‡i Zv‡K mvgvwRK cwi‡ek e‡j|
K¬ve, mwgwZ, wk¶v cÖwZôvb, gw›`i, gmwR`, MxR©v, bvU¨mfv, mvwnZ¨ I weZK©mfv, †jLK mwgwZ
BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb| mf¨ Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK cwi‡ek ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Dcv`vb mieivn K‡i|

(M) ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek− ivR‰bwZK wPš—vfvebv, ivRbxwZ‡Z Ask MÖn‡Yi aib, ¶gZvi
e¨envi, we‡ivwaZvi cÖK…wZ, ¶gZvmxb I we‡ivax‡`i m¤ú‡K©i cÖK…wZ, wbe©vPb c×wZ,
wbe©vPKgÊjxi AvPiY, we`¨gvb ¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKvi I msMV‡bi mv‡_ bvMwiK‡`i m¤ú‡K©i
aib, ¶gZv PP©vi ixwZ BZ¨vw`i mgwš^Z iƒc‡K ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek e‡j|

Aciw`‡K wbe©vP‡b KviPzwc, mš¿vm, e¨vjU ev· wQbZvB, ivR‰bwZK `‡ji A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e
QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi wk¶v½‡b mš¿vm m„wó, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi, `jxqKiY, A_©‰bwZK `yb©xwZ,
we‡ivax `‡ji Dci wbcxob, we‡ivwaZvi LvwZ‡i we‡ivwaZv, wg_¨v ivR‰bwZK msev` cÖPvi
BZ¨vw` Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki ˆewkó¨|

mvi-ms‡¶c
e¨w³ I ivóªxq Rxe‡b cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve Acwimxg| gvm©wUb †eU&‡mi g‡Z, Òcwi‡ek nj †mB
mKj evwn¨K Ae¯’vi mgwó hv Rxe‡bi weKvk‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i|Ó cwi‡ek g~jZ
wZb cÖKvi| h_v− (K) cÖvK…wZK, (L) mvgvwRK I (M) ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| cwi‡ek ej‡Z wK eySvq ?
K. b`xbvjv L. Lvjwej
M. gvV NvU N. Pvicv‡ki Ae¯’v
2| cwi‡ek‡K mvaviYZ KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv nq ?
K. `yB L. wZb
M. Pvi N. cuvP
3| †KvbwU mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb ?
K. b`-b`x L. e„wócvZ
M. wk¶v cÖwZôvb N. ¶gZvi e¨envi

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
23

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV- 2 : mvgwRK cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœiƒc

D‡Ïk¨ : GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki †kªYxwefvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

K…wÎg, mvs¯‹…wZK, gb¯—vwË¡K I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek ej‡Z wK eySvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

4.2.1 mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœiƒc

mvgvwRK cwi‡ek‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj :
(K) K…wÎg cwi‡ek− e¨w³MZ I mg‡eZ cÖ‡Póvi Øviv gvbyl cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©b K‡i
†h bZzb cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i Zv‡K K…wÎg cwi‡ek e‡j| †hgb− b`xi Dci †mZz, eb¨v wbqš¿Y
evua, Lvj †K‡U cvwb †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v, cvnvo-ce©Z I eb-R½j †K‡U Avev`x Rwg ‰Zwi, e„¶
†ivc‡Yi gva‡g ebvqb, wPwoqvLvbv, K…wÎg n«` BZ¨vw` K…wÎg cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb|

(L) mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek− AvPvi-Abyôvb, †Ljvayjv, mvwnZ¨ PP©v, bvU¨‡Mvôx, K¬ve, GK K_vq
gvby‡li myKzgvi e„wËi weKvk I jvj‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl †h cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi m„wó K‡i Zv‡K
mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek e‡j|

(M) gb¯—vwË¡K cwi‡ek− gvby‡li ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK cÖeYZv‡K Kvg¨ c‡_ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ c~e©
AwfÁZvjä Áv‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl †h cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i Zv‡K gb¯—vwË¡K cwi‡ek e‡j| gvbwmK
†ivMxi Rb¨ we‡kl ai‡bi nvmcvZvj, e„×vkªg (old home), wkï‡`i Rb¨ wKÛviMv‡U©b BZ¨vw`
gb¯—vwË¡K cwi‡e‡ki D`vniY|

(N) cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek− hvwš¿K mf¨Zvi AvaywbK iƒc‡K cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ
cwi‡ek e‡j| weÁvb I cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡bi d‡j ˆeÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ, †gwkb, KjKviLvbv, eo eo
kni, fvix wkí Kw¤úDUvi, †gvevBj †dvb, m¨v‡UjvBU (satellite) BZ¨vw` M‡o D‡V‡Q|
G¸‡jvB cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb| K…wl, wkí I evwY‡R¨ GB cwi‡ek e¨vcK
cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q| cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©‡bi d‡j eo eo wkíKviLvbv M‡o
DV‡Q| M‡o DV‡Q wkíbMix| knivq‡bi gvÎv evo‡Q, kn‡i Avevm‡bi msKU †`Lv w`‡”Q, MÖvg
†_‡K kn‡i gvbyl Avq-AR©‡bi Rb¨ wfo Rgv‡”Q| hvbevnb, Avevmb mgm¨v evo‡Q|

mvi-ms‡¶c
mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Avevi wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb− K…wÎg, mvs¯‹…wZK, gb¯—vwË¡K Ges
cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 2

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| mvgvwRK cwi‡ek‡K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq ?
K. cuvP L. wZb
M. Pvi N. `yB
2| cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wK m„wó n‡q‡Q ?
K. AvevwmK msKU L. †Ljvayjvi msKU
M. mvs¯‹…wZK msKU N. Avq-e¨‡qi msKU

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
24

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV- 3 : cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek msi¶Y

D‡Ïk¨ : GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

†`kxq Ges Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dci ûgwK Ges weiƒc Ae¯’v eY©bv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vi e¨vcv‡i bvMwiK, miKvi, ivóª Ges Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡Ri `vq-
`vwqZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4.3.1 cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©b
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek cÖK…wZi `vb n‡jI gvbyl Zvi Kg©KvÊ Øviv cwi‡e‡ki AbyK~j ev cÖwZK~j
cwieZ©b NUv‡”Q| MvQ-cvjv DRvo Ki‡Q, wbwe©Pv‡i cï-cvwL nZ¨v Ki‡Q, b`xi MwZc_
cwieZ©b Ki‡Q Ges KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK mvi gvÎvwZwi³fv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Q| GQvov
hvbevnb I KjKviLvbvi †avuqv, cwjw_‡bi e¨envi BZ¨vw` cwi‡e‡ki wech©q NUv‡”Q| hy×,
gvib‡¯¿ AvYweK †evgvi cix¶vwbix¶vi Øviv cwi‡e‡ki wech©q NU‡Q| G wech©¯— cwi‡ek
RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK cwigʇj gvbe Rxe‡bi Dci ûgwK n‡q †`Lv w`‡”Q|
4.3.2 weiƒc Ae¯’v I ûgwKi ¯^iƒc
(K) †`kxq ch©v‡q− †`kxq ch©v‡q cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki wech©q I weiƒc Ae¯’v j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q|
Nb Nb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©‡M wm‡Wvi AvBMÖv Mfxi bjK‚‡ci mvnv‡h¨ cvwb‡m‡Pi d‡j cvwbi ¯—i †b‡g
hv‡”Q, MvQ-cvjv aŸsm n‡”Q, b`x‡Z euva I †mZz ˆZwii Kvi‡Y cvwb cÖev‡ni †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv
m„wó n‡”Q| AwZgvÎvq ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii d‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq
KxUcZ½ gviv hv‡”Q| d‡j cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ weiƒc Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡”Q| MÖvgxY `ye©j A_©‰bwZK
Kvi‡Y kn‡i †jv‡Ki wfo evo‡Q, Avevmb msKU †`Lv w`‡”Q I hvbevn‡bi msL¨v evo‡Q| d‡j
evqy`~lY I cvwb`~lYRwbZ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡”Q| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki wech©‡qi Rb¨ †`‡k eb¨v,
Liv, R‡jv”Q¡vm, N~wY©So, AwZe„wó, Abve„wó, gi“KiY cÖf…wZ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡”Q| Avevi Avš—
R©vwZK b`x M½vi Dci evua wbg©v‡Yi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k cvwb msKU, b`xc‡_ †hvMv‡hvM I Rwg‡Z
Rj‡m‡Pi Rb¨ mgm¨v n‡”Q|
(L) Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q− Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡kI weiƒc Ae¯’v I wech©‡qi m„wó
n‡”Q| mgMÖ c„w_ex‡Z RbmsL¨v e„w×i Kzdj j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q| c„w_exi cvnvo I ebf~wg wbwe©Pv‡i
DRvo Kiv, hy‡× AvYweK †evgvi e¨envi, mvMi-gnvmvMi I f‚M‡f© ev gi“f~wg‡Z cvigvbweK
cix¶vi d‡j wewKwiZ †ZRw¯Œqv, KjKviLvbv I eo eo kn‡ii eR©¨ b`x I mvM‡i wb‡¶c
BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cwi‡e‡ki wech©q NU‡Q| RjR cÖvYx I c„w_exi gvby‡li Dci Lvivc cÖwZwµqvi
m„wó n‡”Q| Kj-KviLvbv I †gvUi hv‡bi †auvqvi mv‡_ cÖPzi Kve©b WvB-A·vBW M¨vm wbM©Z nq|
d‡j evqygʇj GB M¨v‡mi cwigvY †e‡o hv‡”Q| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©‡bi d‡j
AvenvIqvi cwieZ©b NU‡Q Ges kxZKv‡j kx‡Zi I MigKv‡j Mi‡gi cÖ‡Kvc evo‡Q| cwi‡ek
weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z AvaywbK mgv‡R KwZcq M¨v‡mi e¨env‡ii d‡j evqygʇji Dc‡ii w`‡K
Aew¯’Z c„w_exi I‡Rvb ¯—i aŸsm n‡”Q| hvi d‡j m~‡h©i AwZ‡e¸bx iwk¥ I‡Rvb ¯—‡i evav bv
†c‡q AwaK nv‡i c„w_ex‡Z Avm‡Q| GB iwk¥i wewKiY c„w_exi gvbyl, RxeRš‘ I MvQcvjvi Rb¨
wech©q †W‡K Avb‡e| G‡K ejv n‡”Q MÖxbnvDR cÖwZwµqv| cwi‡ek wech©q wb‡q ZvB AvR
c„w_exi gvbyl kw•¶Z| wKfv‡e cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb NUv‡bv hvq Zv wb‡q Di“¸‡q‡Z awiÎx m‡¤§jb
AbywôZ n‡q‡Q| D³ m‡¤§j‡b c„w_exi mKj ivóª‡K cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ bó Kiv †_‡K weiZ
_vKvi civgk© †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i mK‡ji my¯’ I my›`i Rxeb hvc‡bi ¯^v‡_© c„w_exi mKj
gvbyl‡K c„w_ex‡K emev‡mi Dc‡hvMx K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
25

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4.3.3 cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vq bvMwiK mgv‡Ri (civil-society) `vwqZ¡

cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vi Rb¨ bvMwiKgÊjx‡K memgq mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e Ges h_v‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gjg~Î Z¨vM bv Kiv, AveR©bv bv †djv, evwoi Av‡kcv‡k
cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv, MvQcvjv bv KvUv, AwaKnv‡i MvQ jvMv‡bv Ges cyKzi I †Wvev cwi®‹vi
ivLv bvMwiKgÊjxi `vwqZ¡| gjg~Î Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv I cÖkªveLvbv ˆZwi Kiv,
gqjv I AveR©bv †djvi Rb¨ Wv÷web e¨envi Kiv Ges GKv‡R G‡K Aci‡K DØy× Kiv
mK‡ji bvMwiK `vwqZ¡| Gfv‡e hv‡Z Avgiv mevB my›`i, my¯’ I wbivc` cwi‡e‡k Rxeb hvcb
Ki‡Z cvwi †mw`‡K mKj bvMwiK‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|
4.3.4 cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vq ivóª I miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vi e¨vcv‡i miKvi I iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk| b`-b`x, Lvj-wej,
nvIo-evIo I gvVNvU ms¯‹vi Kiv I cwi”Qbœ ivLv, Rjve×Zv `~ixKiY, ebvÂj i¶v, bZzb
bZzb ebf‚wg M‡o †Zvjv, ivRc_, †ijc_ I b`xc_‡K cwi”Qbœ I myMg Kivi gva¨‡g miKvi
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i| cwi‡ek msi¶Y I g‡bvig cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ miKvi
cwiKíbv gvwdK Nievwo, AvevwmK GjvKv, KjKviLvbv, nvU evRvi I iv¯—vNvU ˆZwi K‡i
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov cwiKwíZfv‡e D`¨vb, cvK©, mœvbvMvi, cvš’kvjv,
†nv‡Uj, ch©Ub †K›`ª BZ¨vw` ˆZwi K‡i g‡bvig cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| ivmvqwbK
KviLvbv I wkíKviLvbv n‡Z wbM©Z gqjv I eR©¨ c`v_©, hvbevn‡bi Kv‡jv †avuqv Ges hÎZÎ
gqjv, AveR©bv I gjg~Î Z¨v‡Mi d‡j hv‡Z cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek `~wlZ bv nq †m e¨vcv‡iI ivóª I
miKvi‡K h‡_vchy³ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
4.3.5 cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vq Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡Ri `vq-`vwqZ¡
c„w_exi cÖ‡Z¨KwU ivóªB Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡Ri m`m¨| G wn‡m‡e cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiKB Avš—R©vwZK
mgv‡Ri m`m¨| myZivs mKj gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Avš—R©vwZK mgvR I ms¯’v¸wj‡K c„w_exi
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Ges wech©q †iv‡ai Rb¨ f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z
n‡e| †Kvb ivóª †hb Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q weiƒc Ae¯’v m„wó K‡i Rxe‡bi Dci ûgwK m„wó Ki‡Z
bv cv‡i †mw`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq− Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fviZ
M½v b`xi DRv‡b euva †`Iqvq b`-b`xi cvwb K‡g wM‡q evsjv‡`k gi“f~wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z
P‡j‡Q, Pvl-ev‡mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwbi Afve n‡”Q, jeYv³Zv evo‡Q Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ bó n‡”Q| Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡Ri Gw`‡K bRi †`Iqv DwPZ| R‡j,
¯’‡j I Aš—ix‡¶ AvYweK †evgvi cix¶vg~jK we‡ùviY, mgy`ª e‡¶ jvL jvL Ub eR©¨ c`v_©
wb‡¶c, welv³ M¨vm `yN©Ubv, hy× I †evgv el©‡Yi d‡j wek¦ AvR emev‡mi Abyc‡hvMx n‡q
co‡Q| myZivs Avš—R©vwZK b`-b`x cvnvo-ce©Z, mvMi-gnvmvMi, ebf‚wg, ¯’jc_, Rjc_ I
AvKvkc‡_i cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vi Rb¨ Avš—R©vwZK mgvR‡K h_vh_ c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡e| Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡Ri Z`viwK‡Z mKj cÖKvi AvYweK gviYv¯¿ aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
Gm‡ei cix¶v-wbix¶v eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| hy‡×i cwie‡Z© kvwš— ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB c„w_ex evm‡hvM¨
n‡q DV‡e|
mvi-ms‡¶c
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek cÖK…wZi `vb n‡jI gvbyl I ivóª Zvi cÖwZK~j cwieZ©b Avbqb K‡i ivóªxq
I e¨w³ Rxe‡b wek„•Ljv m„wó Ki‡Q| MvQ-cvjv †K‡U †djv n‡”Q, eb-ev`vo DRvo Kiv
n‡”Q| b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©b Kiv n‡”Q| b`x I mgz‡`ª jvL jvL Ub eR©¨ †djv n‡”Q,
AvYweK †evgvi we‡ùviY NUv‡bv n‡”Q| hy‡× AvYweK †evgv I Ab¨vb¨ gviYv‡¯¿i e¨envi
n‡”Q| d‡j e¨w³ I ivóªxq Rxe‡b fvimvg¨nxb cwi‡e‡ki Kzdj m„wó n‡”Q| kã `~lY, cvwb
`~lY, evqy `~lY, cÖf…wZi Avk•¶v †`Lv w`‡”Q| ZvB GB ¶wZKi w`K †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨
e¨w³, ivóª I Avš—R©vwZK cwigʇj mKj‡K mRvM I m‡PZb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i cwi‡e‡ki
fvimvg¨ i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 3

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
26
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki wech©q NUvq ?
K. wbwe©Pv‡i MvQcvjv KvUv L. b`xfv½b
M. grm¨ Pvl N. cïcvwLi msL¨v e„w×
2| cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi d‡j wK Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡”Q ?
K. AwZe„wó I Abve„wó L. `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w×
M. wbægv‡bi dmj N. evRv‡ii ms‡KvPb
3| awiÎx m‡¤§jb †Kvb †`‡k AbywôZ n‡q‡Q ?
K. biI‡q L. c¨viv¸‡q
M. Di“¸‡q N. †b`vij¨vÛ
4| MÖxb nvDR cÖwZwµqvi d‡j c„w_ex‡Z wK NU‡Q ?
K. †e¸wb iwk¥i wewKiY L. I‡Rvb ¯—i webó nIqv
M. c„w_exi ey‡K eb-R½j e„w× N. kx‡Zi cÖ‡Kvc e„w×
5| cwi‡ek i¶vi `vwqZ¡ Kvi ?
K. Qv·`i L. e¨w³ I iv‡óªi
M. wk¶K‡`i N. RbZvi

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
27

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV- 4 : ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek : Aw¯’wZkxjZvi Drm, w¯’wZkxjZv I

ivóªxq Dbœqb
D‡Ïk¨ : GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi KviYmg~n D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Aw¯’wZkxj ivRbxwZi ¶wZKviK I †bwZevPK w`Kmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

w¯’wZkxj ivRbxwZ Qvov †h Dbœqb m¤¢e bq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|
4.4.1 ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi KviY
ivRbxwZ‡Z Ask MÖn‡Yi aib, ¶gZv PP©vi cÖK…wZ, ¶gZvmxb I we‡ivax‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK©,
wbe©vPK gÊjxi AvPi‡Yi aib, ¯’vbxq ms¯’v I RvZxq msMV‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i cÖK…wZ BZ¨vw`i
mvgwMÖK iƒcB ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek| GB cwi‡ek me©Î w¯’wZkxj bq| Avgv‡`i ivR‰bwZK
A½‡YI Aw¯’wZkxjZv weivRgvb| wbe©vP‡b KviPzwc, ivR‰bwZK `‡ji A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e QvÎ
msMVb¸‡jv KZ©„K wk¶v½‡b mš¿vm, Puv`vevwR, †UÛvievwR, ¶gZvmxb I we‡ivax`‡ji Amwnòz
g‡bvfve, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi I wek„•Lj Ae¯’v weivRgvb| GB Aw¯’wZkxjZvi Drm I
KviY¸‡jv wbæiƒc:
(1) RvZxq Av`‡k©i cÖwZ HKg‡Z¨i Afve− RvZxq Av`‡k©i e¨vcv‡i ¶gZvmxb I we‡ivax`‡ji
g‡a¨ HKg‡Z¨i Afv‡ei d‡j e¨vcK Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ HKg‡Z¨i Afve i‡q‡Q| RvZxq Dbœqb
I AMÖMwZi Rb¨ HKg‡Z¨i wfwˇZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ Dbœqb Kg©m~Px AvRI w¯’i Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| GK
miKvi Dbœqbg~jK †Kvb KvR Ki‡j cieZ©x miKvi Zv mg_©b K‡i bv| d‡j avivevwnK Dbœqb
cÖ‡Póv e¨vnZ nq| HKg‡Z¨i wfwˇZ miKvi MVb cÖwµqv‡K m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`Lv nq| hvi
d‡j Aw¯’wZkxjZv weivR K‡i|
(2) †hvM¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i Afve− `~i`„wóm¤úbœ †hvM¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡e RbMY‡K GKwÎZ I msNe×
K‡i w¯’wZkxj Ae¯’v m„wó Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ Av¯’vi AfveB G Ae¯’vi Rb¨
`vqx|
(3) `yb©xwZ− e¨vcK `yb©xwZ I Ae¨e¯’vi Kvi‡Y wek„•Lj RbmvaviY‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q
bv| G Kvi‡Y ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv weivR Ki‡Q| wbôv I MVbg~jK †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡ei
Kvi‡Y RbMY evievi bZzb †bZ…‡Z¡i mÜvb Ki‡Q| hvi d‡j Aw¯’wZkxj Ae¯’v weivR Ki‡Q|
(4) ivR‰bwZK cÖkªq `vb− ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv ¶gZv cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ A¯¿evR I gv¯—vb‡`i‡K
`‡ji g‡a¨ Avkªq `vb K‡i| Zv‡`i wei“‡× AvBbMZ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z †M‡jB ivR‰bwZK
`j¸‡jv cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i| G‡Z AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ N‡U Ges Aw¯’wZkxj
Ae¯’vi m„wó nq|
(5) cywjk evwnbxi `vwqZ¡nxbZv I wbw®ŒqZv− cywjk evwnbxi Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b A‡bK
†¶‡ÎB Abxnv †`Lvq AhvwPZ n¯—‡¶‡ci Kvi‡YI cywjk wbw®Œq _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK `‡ji gv¯—
vb‡`i wei“‡× cywjk †Kvb e¨e¯’v wb‡Z †M‡jB †bZ…e„›` Zv‡`i i¶vi Rb¨ mwµq n‡q D‡V|
d‡j cywj‡ki Kv‡R evav m„wó nq| GwUI Aw¯’wZkxj Ae¯’vi Ab¨Zg KviY|
(6) ˆeaZvi Afve− ¶gZvmxb I we‡ivax `‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Rbmvavi‡Yi mg_©b| †`‡ki
Dbœqb I RbM‡Yi g½j mva‡bi gva¨‡g miKvi‡K RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Z nq| Rbmvavi‡Yi
g½‡ji Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv bv _vK‡j †KejgvÎ AwZgvÎvq cÖwZkÖ“wZ I avàvevRx K‡i
Rbmg_©b jvf Kiv hvq bv| Rbmg_©bnxb miKvi I we‡ivax`j wb‡R‡`i ¶gZvi ¯^v‡_© Ab¨vq
I A‡hŠw³K Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i| d‡j Zviv ˆeaZv nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges †`‡k wek„•Ljv †`Lv †`q|
Avi †mB mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek Aw¯’wZkxj n‡q D‡V|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
28

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(7) ivR‰bwZK `x¶vi Afve− ivR‰bwZK `x¶vi Afv‡e †`‡k ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv weivR
Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bZv I Kg©x‡K cÖwk¶Y †`Iqvi †Kvb e¨e¯’v †bB
ej‡jB P‡j| GQvov MYZ‡š¿i PP©v e¨vnZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y MYZvwš¿K Dcv`vb¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i
HKgZ¨ M‡o DV‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j †Kvb ivR‰bwZK K…wó M‡o D‡Vwb| Gi d‡j ¯^vfvweK
ivR‰bwZK †PZbvi Afv‡e ivRbxwZi m~θ‡jvi my¯’ PP©v n‡”Q bv| myZivs nVKvwiZv, wek„•Ljv
I Aw¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZ weivR Ki‡Q|
4..4.2 †bwZevPK I ¶wZKviK w`K
GB wek„•Lj I Aw¯’wZkxj ivRbxwZi †bwZevPK I ¶wZKviK w`K n‡”Q m¤§vwbZ I Ávbx
e¨w³iv ivRbxwZ‡Z AvK…ó n‡”Qb bv| d‡j †hvM¨ †jv‡Ki Ae`vb †_‡K ivóª ewÂZ n‡”Q|
ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i cÖwZ Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡b kª×v I fw³i wecix‡Z N„Yv I Akª×vi g‡bvfve
weivRgvb| ivR‰bwZK mš¿vmx RbmvaviY fq K‡i| Zv‡`i cÖfv‡e e¨emvqx gnj, wVKv`vi I
abx e¨w³‡`i Dci Ryjyg I Pvu`v Av`v‡qi NUbv N‡U P‡j‡Q| ¶wZKviK ivRbxwZi cÖfv‡e
wek¦we`¨vj‡q nj `Lj I †ckx kw³i cÖ`k©bx Pj‡Q|
GB Aw¯’wZkxj ivRbxwZi Rb¨ ¯^vfvweK wk¶vi cwi‡ek wewNœZ n‡”Q| d‡j QvÎ-QvÎxiv †bvsiv
ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q co‡Q| Aw¯’wZkxj I wek„sLj cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y †`kx I we‡`kx wewb‡qvM
wbi“rmvwnZ n‡”Q| d‡j A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi MwZ axi n‡”Q|
4.4.3 ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki w¯’wZkxjZv I Dbœqb m¤¢vebv
w¯’wZkxj ivRbxwZ Qvov RbRxeb I ivóªxq Rxe‡b ¯^w¯— I kvwš— _v‡K bv| eis me©¯—‡i nZvkv I
ˆbivk¨ weivR K‡i| Aw¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZ I wek„sLjvi Kvi‡Y †jLvcovq weNœ N‡U, cix¶v
wejw¤^Z nq I †mmb RU e„w× cvq| Aw¯’wZkxjZvi Kvi‡Y †hvM¨ †jv‡Kiv ivR‰bwZK A½‡b
Avm‡Qb bv| A‡hvM¨ †jv‡Kiv ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡ _vKvi Kvi‡Y AvgjvZš¿ †Rvi`vi n‡”Q|
`ybx©wZevR‡`i Avkªq¯’j n‡q DV‡Q ivR‰bwZK `j| d‡j `ybx©wZ cÖKU AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q|
Aw¯’wZkxjZvi Kvi‡Y e¨emvqx gnj wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z fq cv‡”Qb| Aw¯’wZkxjZv niZvj, ag©NU,
eqKU, †NivI cÖf…wZi Rb¥ w`‡”Q| d‡j we‡`kx cyuwRI AvK…ó n‡”Q bv| G Rb¨ Dbœq‡bi MwZ
¯’wei n‡q co‡Q|
RbRxe‡b I ivóªxq cwigʇj Dbœqb I AMÖMwZ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZvi weKí
†bB| w¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZ AwaKv‡ii †¶Î¸wj‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡i hv Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó K‡i
m„Rbkxj wPš—vfvebvi weKvk NUvq| w¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZi d‡j wbivcËv cÖwZwôZ nq| Giƒc
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z SuzwK MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv e„w× cvq, A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv, e¨emvq cuywR
wewb‡qvM I wk‡í cyuwR wewb‡qv‡Mi SuzwK MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e nq| d‡j A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ Zivwš^Z
nq| `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi K‡qKwU †`k GB w¯’wZkxjZvi Kvi‡Y Af‚Zc~e© A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ
AR©b K‡i‡Q| myZivs Avgv‡`i †`‡kI ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZvi †Kvb weKí †bB| †h‡Kv‡bv
g~‡j¨ Avgv‡`i‡K ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bvn‡j Avgv‡`i aŸsm Awbevh©|
mvi-ms‡¶c
wbe©vP‡b KviPzwc, QvÎ msMVb KZ©„K wk¶v½‡b mš¿vm, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi I Amwnòz g‡bvfve
ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek webó Ki‡Q|
RvZxq Av`‡k©i e¨vcv‡i HKg‡Z¨i Afve, `yb©xwZ, ivR‰bwZK wk¶vi Afve BZ¨vw`
ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi KviY|
w¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZ Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó K‡i| m„Rbkxj wPš—vi weKvk NUvq Ges wbivcËv
cÖwZwôZ K‡i| d‡j wk‡í cyuwR wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq| Dbœqb I AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nq|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
29

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 4

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi KviY wK ?
K. mgqgZ wbe©vPb †`Iqv L. RvZxq Av`‡k©i e¨vcv‡i HKg‡Z¨i Afve
M. ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii `ye©jZv N. ivR‰bwZK D`vmxbZv
2| ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv wK m„wó K‡i ?
K. A‡hvM¨ †jvK‡`i ivRbxwZ Kivi my‡hvM L. Avgvjv‡`i ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM
M. †hvM¨ e¨w³‡`i ivRbxwZi cÖwZ AvMÖn N. †bZ…‡Z¡i †gi“KiY
3| ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv wK m„wó K‡i ?
K. ivR‰bwZK K…wó L. wbivcËv
M. †ckxkw³i cÖ`k©bx N. my‡hvM¨ †bZ…Z¡

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
30

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV- 5 : Rb Rxeb I ivóªxq cwigʇj wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki

cÖfve
D‡Ïk¨ : GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

RbRxeb I ivóªxq cwigʇj wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4.5.1 RbRxeb I ivóªxq cwigÛ‡j cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve
gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Dci cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve Acwimxg| gvbyl Zvi cwi‡e‡ki m„wó| Aa¨vcK Avi.
Gg. g¨vKvBfvi e‡j‡Qb, ÒRxeb I cwi‡ek AZ¨š— Nwbôfv‡e m¤úK©hy³|Ó wewfbœ ai‡bi
cwi‡ek i‡q‡Q| Avi e¨w³ I ivóªxq Rxe‡b Zvi wewfbœgyLx cÖfveI i‡q‡Q|
e¨w³ I ivóªxq Rxe‡b cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve me©v‡c¶v †ewk| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœZvi
Kvi‡Y we‡k¦i wewfbœ A‡ji gvby‡l gvby‡l AvPvi-AvPiY, Pvj-Pjb, †ckv, †cvlvK-cwi”Q`,
Lv`¨, eyw×gËv, gvbwmKZv, ˆ`wnK MVb I e‡Y©i wewfbœZv j¶ Kiv hvq| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek †Kvb
A‡ji †jvK‡K Ajm Avevi †Kvb A‡ji †jvK‡K K‡Vvi cwikªgx K‡i‡Q| †h †`‡ki †jvK
cwikªgx Zviv A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ AR©b K‡i| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y †Kvb †Kvb A‡j
wkíwfwËK, †Kvb †Kvb A‡j K…wlwfwËK Avevi †Kvb †Kvb A‡j e¨emv-evwYR¨wfwËK Rxeb
e¨e¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q| Avevi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y ivR‰bwZK AvPiY I ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi
g‡a¨I ZviZg¨ †`Lv hvq|
e¨w³ I ivóªxq cwigʇj mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki ¸i“Z¡I Kg bq| mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ
Dcv`vb, †hgb− K¬ve, mwgwZ, wk¶v cÖwZôvb, gw›`i-gmwR`-MxR©v, bvU¨mfv, weZK©mfv, mvwnZ¨
gRwjk, †jLKmsN cÖf…wZ e¨w³ Rxe‡b gvwR©Z i“wP, K…wó I m„RbkxjZv m„wó K‡i ivóªxq Rxe‡b
myL, kvwš—, w¯’wZkxjZv I mnbkxjZv Avbqb K‡i|
DbœZ ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek Av‡cvlg~jK g‡bvfve I mnbkxjZv e„w× K‡i ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv
Av‡b hv A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek i“wPkxj bvMwiK m„wó
K‡i| i“wPkxj bvMwiK, ivóªxq cwigÛ‡j D`vi MYZvwš¿K cwi‡ek m„wó I msi¶‡Y ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
e¨w³ I ivóªxq Rxe‡b cÖ‡KŠkjMZ I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡e‡ki BwZevPK I †bwZevPK Dfq cÖKvi
cÖfveB i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb †gwkb, KjKviLvbv, fvwi wkí,
BZ¨vw` K…wl‡¶‡Î I wk퇶‡Î Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡g †hgb gvby‡li myL-mg„w× e„w× K‡i‡Q
†Zgwb Avevmb msKU, cwi‡ek `~lY cÖf…wZ mgm¨vi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| Z‡e cÖhyw³MZ I cÖ‡KŠkjMZ
cwi‡e‡ki mwVK e¨envi Aek¨B e¨w³ I ivóªxq Rxe‡b e„nËi Kj¨vY Avbqb Ki‡e Zv‡Z †Kvb
m‡›`n †bB|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K eySv hvq †h e¨w³Rxe‡b I ivóªxq cwigÛ‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki
cÖfve Acwimxg| myZivs cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ e¨w³ I ivóª‡K h‡_vchy³ f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Rxeb I cwi‡ek AZ¨š— Nwbôfv‡e m¤úK©hy³|
cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y †Kvb AÂj wkíwfwËK, †Kvb AÂj K…wlwfwËK Avevi †Kvb AÂj e¨emv-
evwYR¨ wfwËK|
mvgvwRK cwi‡ek e¨w³ Rxe‡b gvwR©Z i“wP, K…wó I m„RbkxjZvi gva¨‡g myL, kvwš— I
mnbkxjZv Avbqb K‡i|
ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
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 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 5

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| RbRxe‡b cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve †Kgb ?
K. Lye †ewk L. †Zgb bq
M. cÖfve †bB N. cÖfve eySv hvq bv
2| DbœZ mvgvwRK cwi‡ek wK m„wó K‡i ?
K. eb-R½j L. mnbkxjZv
M. cvK© N. KjKviLvbv
Abykxjbx
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ

1| cwi‡e‡ki msÁv w`b| −4.1.1
2| cwi‡ek ej‡Z wK eySvq ? −4.1.1
3| mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Kv‡K e‡j ? −4.1.2 (L)
4| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki iƒc †Kgb ? −4.1.2 (M)
5| K…wÎg cwi‡ek wK ? −4.2.1 (K)
6| gb¯—vwË¡K cwi‡ek ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb ? −4.2.1 (M)
7| cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek Kv‡K e‡j ? −4.2.1 (N)
8| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki e¨vL¨v w`b| −4.1.2 (K)
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| cwi‡ek Kv‡K e‡j ? cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ iƒc eY©bv Ki“b| −4.1.1 I 4.1.2
2| cwi‡ek wK ? mvgwRK cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ iƒc Av‡jvPbv Ki“b| −4.1.1 I 4.2.1
3| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dci †`kxq I Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q weiƒc Ae¯’vi weeiY w`b| −4.3.2
4| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vq bvMwiKgÛjx, miKvi I iv‡óªi `vq-`vwqZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
−4.3.3 I 4.3.4
5| cwi‡ek ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb ? cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek i¶vq Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡Ri `vq-`vwqZ¡ e¨vL¨v
Ki“b| −4.1.1 I 4.3.5
6| ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek wK ? ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki Aw¯’wZkxjZvi KviY¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
−4.1.2 (M) cÖ_g Ask I 4.4.1
7| ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki Aw¯’wZkxjZvi Kvi‡Y msNwUZ †bwZevPK I ¶wZKviK w`K¸‡jvi
weeiY w`b| GB cwi‡ek w¯’wZkxj _vK‡j Dbœq‡bi m¤¢vebvi ¯^iƒc wK nq Av‡jvPbv
Ki“b| −4.4.2 I 4.4.3
9| cwi‡ek wK ? RbRxe‡b I ivóªxq cwigʇj cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve eY©bv Ki“b| −4.1.1 I
4.5.1
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 1 t 1| N, 2| L, 3| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 2 t 1| M, 2| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 3 t 1| K, 2| K, 3| M, 4| L, 5| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 4 t 1| L, 2| K, 3| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb− 5 t 1| K, 2| L
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg †cŠ i bx wZ
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