History of World Societies Volume 1 9th

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Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What was an important difference between the political systems of the Romans and
Greeks?
A) Some Greek city-states had monarchies, while Roman city-states never did.
B) Rome extended citizenship to its conquered peoples, while the Greeks did not.
C) Rome had written laws, while no Greek city-states did.
D) Greeks endured civil war, while Romans did not.

2. Other than Greeks, who were the first people to build permanent settlements in Italy?
A) Etruscans
B) Egyptians
C) Hittites
D) Persians

3. The villages that became Rome were located on what river?

A) Po
B) Tiber
C) Danube
D) Adige

4. How are women portrayed in Rome's founding legends?

A) Dominant and superior
B) Meek and quiet
C) Virtuous and brave
D) Conniving and deceitful

5. According to legend, who founded Rome?

A) Latium
B) Romulus and Remus
C) Domitian
D) Silla and Gaulius

6. According to the most common Roman creation myth, who assisted Rome's first ruler,
Romulus, with the rule of the city?
A) He was helped by a council of advisors called the Senate.
B) He was assisted by his brother Remus, a military commander.
C) He was only able to rule the city with help of the gods.
D) He relied heavily on his aristocratic wife and her family.

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 7. What is one possible reason that the Romans overthrew the Etruscans in 509 B.C.E.?
A) The Etruscans refused to fight with the Romans against the invading Gauls.
B) The Etruscan military allied with the Athenians in an effort to expel the Romans.
C) Etruscan rulers had become increasingly authoritarian.
D) The Etruscans and Carthaginians allied to undermine the Roman economy.

8. Which of the following was true of Roman religion?

A) It was a deeply reflective religion emphasizing inner piety.
B) It was largely a matter or rites and ceremonies, not inner piety.
C) It was centered on ancestor worship.
D) It advocated human sacrifice.

9. What did Romans, like the Persians, do once they conquered an area?
A) They killed the men and took the women as slaves.
B) They built large temples to please the gods and ensure success.
C) They forced the men to serve in the Roman military.
D) They built roads to facilitate communication and trade.

10. How was Roman society divided in the early republic?

A) Into two groups—the patricians and the plebeians
B) Between Roman citizens and non-Romans who were seen as subject peoples
C) Between urban and rural dwellers
D) Between Roman citizens and their slaves

11. In the early republic, which group controlled political power and military leadership?
A) Plebeians
B) Etruscan nobles
C) Patricians
D) Merchants

12. During the republic, which of the following was true of the Roman Senate?
A) Its only function was to pass legislation.
B) It had little power and was advised by consuls.
C) Like the consuls, it changed its membership annually.
D) One of its chief responsibilities was to advise officials and consuls.

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13. Why was the ius gentium important to Roman society?
A) It covered both Roman citizens and foreigners as a kind of universal law.
B) It was the first written law code in the Mediterranean world.
C) It limited the rights of patricians and elevated plebeians.
D) It provided for the impeachment of the consuls.

14. During the Struggle of the Orders, how did the plebeians force political concessions?
A) Plebian farmers refused to sell agricultural goods to the cities.
B) All plebeians declined to pay annual taxes and local fees.
C) Plebian men refused to serve in the military.
D) Plebian leaders ordered the assassination of several senators and consuls.

15. What was recorded on the Twelve Tables?

A) Myths
B) Prayers
C) Religious texts
D) Laws

16. One result of the Struggle of the Orders was the creation of a law code that made all
A) plebeians more powerful than patricians.
B) patricians more powerful than plebeians.
C) Roman-born citizens more important than foreigners.
D) citizens, plebeian and patrician, equal before the law.

17. In the third century B.C.E., the main challenge to Roman control of the Mediterranean
came from which of the following?
A) Ptolemaic Egypt
B) Carthage
C) Alexandria
D) Macedonia

18. The First Punic War ended with a Roman victory and the creation of Rome's first
A) monarchy.
B) diplomatic corps.
C) navy.
D) hospitals.

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19. Who was the Carthaginian general who brought the Second Punic War to the gates of
Rome?
A) Scipio Aemilianus
B) Pyrrhus
C) Tarquin the Proud
D) Hannibal

20. What was one reason Hannibal failed to win the Second Punic War?
A) Carthage never recovered from the loss at Cannae.
B) His allies failed to provide food and supplies for his troops.
C) He failed to form an alliance with Rome's neighbors.
D) He was unable to get his army across the Alps into Italy.

21. In Roman families, what was the paterfamilias?

A) The oldest dominant male in a family, who had near absolute power
B) A family council that was composed of all adult males
C) The marriage contract between husband and wife
D) The male family member who was entitled to vote for public office

22. What was relatively unusual about women in Roman families?

A) They seldom ventured outside their homes.
B) They were not allowed to learn to read or write.
C) They had no role in raising their children.
D) They were able to inherit and own property.

23. How did Romans view slavery during the republic?

A) The only people who could be taken as slaves were North Africans.
B) It was viewed as a lifelong condition for the enslaved.
C) It was an unfortunate state but one from which a slave might become free.
D) It became less economically important over time as Rome grew to include more
citizens.

24. To what does the term latifundia refer?

A) All lands conquered by Roman armies
B) A new social class primarily created by imperial expansion
C) Huge agricultural estates created by warfare and absentee farmers
D) Lands given to returning soldiers as payment for their service

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25. What was the main feature of the reform program proposed by Tiberius Gracchus?
A) To provide free bread to the poor of Rome
B) To redistribute public land to poor Romans
C) To abolish the class distinctions of patricians and plebeians
D) To establish colonies populated by ex-soldiers and their families

26. How did Gaius Marius recruit men to serve in an African campaign?
A) He promised them citizenship.
B) He recruited them by paying them gold coins.
C) He offered to pardon them if they had been criminals.
D) He promised land to landless men in return for their service.

27. What did Julius Caesar do once he became leader of Rome?

A) He enacted a series of basic reforms throughout the empire.
B) He stripped citizenship from people living in the empire but outside Italy.
C) He ended all colonization efforts in Gaul, Spain, and North Africa.
D) He ordered dozens of assassinations of his principal political opponents.

28. What was one of Augustus's important military reforms?

A) He created an all-volunteer force.
B) He developed an all-mercenary force.
C) He assembled an all-plebeian army.
D) He began a permanent standing army.

29. What does the phrase Roma et Augustus mean?

A) It is the title of an historical account of Augustus's reign by Tacitus.
B) It is an epic poem of Augustus's deeds written by Virgil.
C) It means that the empire was divinely ordained.
D) It refers to the cult of the emperor and the state.

30. Under Augustus, women could be freed from male guardianship if they
A) had a certain number of children.
B) were related to Augustus.
C) had a son killed in a war.
D) bought their freedom from the state.

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31. The Aeneid emphasized the parallels between Aeneas and Dido in the poem and what
pair in real life?
A) Romulus and Remus
B) Antony and Cleopatra
C) Augustus and Caesar
D) Caesar and Cleopatra

32. Which emperor transformed the principate into a hereditary monarchy?

A) Nero
B) Hadrian
C) Claudius
D) Vespasian

33. What was an important achievement of the emperor Hadrian?

A) He included landless men in the army.
B) He defeated the Parthians in a series of naval battles.
C) He conquered Gaul, Spain, and the British Isles.
D) He established an efficient imperial bureaucracy.

34. What important improvements in urban planning were made in Rome during the second
century C.E.?
A) Separate districts were created for different ethnic groups in the cities.
B) A new domestic police force was developed in the city of Rome.
C) Hundreds of miles of aqueducts and sewers were built.
D) Streets were made straight, and all roads and streets were paved.

35. How did Rome solve the problem of feeding its growing population?
A) Emperors provided free bread, olive oil, and wine to the population.
B) Leaders started subsidizing the cost of basic commodities.
C) Emperors combined small tenant farms into huge agricultural operations.
D) The Senate forced thousands of residents out of the city to colonize the frontiers.

36. Who was largely responsible for the new burst of expansion in continental Europe in the
second century C.E.?
A) Colonists from the capital
B) Greek Hellenists
C) Retired soldiers
D) Small farmers

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37. During the pax Romana, what regions were the major grain producers of the empire?
A) Gaul and Italy
B) Southern Spain and Italy
C) Egypt and Syria
D) Britain and Belgium

38. Who played the role of middlemen between the Romans and the Chinese in the trade
along the Silk Road?
A) Indians
B) Goths
C) Parthians
D) Jews

39. Who were the Zealots?

A) People who wanted to expel the Romans from Judea
B) A group that believed that Jesus was the Messiah
C) Followers of a new mystery religion
D) A group that felt Christ's message applied only to Jews

40. Who or what did militant Jews believe would come and destroy the Roman Empire?
A) The Messiah
B) The son of God
C) A plague inflicted by God
D) An army of angels

41. What did the mystery religions offer adherents in the Roman Empire?
A) Access to political power
B) The promise of eternal life
C) Independence from the state
D) Veneration of the state

42. What writings provide the historical documentation of the life of Jesus?
A) The sermons he wrote are the main source for his life story.
B) The biographies written by his contemporaries tell his life story.
C) The four Gospels of the Bible provide the principal evidence for his life and deeds.
D) Accounts written by Pontius Pilate provide the most comprehensive information.

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43. Why did Pontius Pilate condemn Jesus to death?
A) He believed Jesus was the Messiah.
B) He was an adherent of the mystery religions.
C) He was told to do it by the emperor Tiberius.
D) He was concerned with maintaining social order.

44. What was one of the primary early rituals celebrated by Christians?
A) Re-creating the preaching of Jesus
B) Visiting the site of the crucifixion
C) Protest marches against the Romans
D) A commemorative meal

45. What did Paul of Tarsus advocate with regard to Christian ideals?
A) That Christ's teachings should be proclaimed to all
B) That Christianity should be used to defeat Rome
C) That Christ's message applied only to Jews
D) That Christians should avoid contact with pagans

46. Which of the following generally characterized the relationship between Christians and
Roman pagans?
A) There was increasing pagan toleration with sporadic outbursts of persecution.
B) Unrelenting pagan persecution continued until the late fourth century.
C) Christians often tried to overthrow the state and Romans responded.
D) There was mutual understanding and toleration of each other.

47. What significant political change did Diocletian enact?

A) He used the titles “Augustus” and “Caesar.”
B) He adopted the court ceremonies of the Persian Empire.
C) He converted to Christianity and made it the state religion.
D) He divided the Roman Empire into two parts.

48. What was one of the advantages of the huge estates, or villas, created in the fourth
century?
A) They were a way peasants could avoid paying taxes.
B) They offered protection in an unsettled world.
C) They provided the basis for agriculture, trade, and industry.
D) They facilitated a process of cultural exchange.

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49. Which of the following was true of the emperor Constantine?
A) He supported Christianity.
B) He abdicated his power.
C) He raised taxes on clergy.
D) He was assassinated by the army.

50. When was Christianity made the official religion of the Roman Empire?
A) 337.C.E.
B) 380 C.E.
C) 405 C.E.
D) 418 C.E.

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Answer Key
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. D
16. D
17. B
18. C
19. D
20. B
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. A
28. D
29. D
30. A
31. B
32. D
33. D
34. C
35. A
36. C
37. D
38. C
39. A
40. A
41. B
42. C
43. D
44. D

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45. A
46. A
47. D
48. B
49. A
50. B

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