扬哥华东师范大学2009 2018真题汇总

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• ´‡ÀJ˜ ·ÜgC ë•Ö, wnoH! ƒÕnU‹~, üUè .
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Oy. Ž ? @Òk ¤²U Oy, ²U !
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‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. £ 10 ©¤)e ‚5•§| 


 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 = 17;


3x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 4x4

= 17;



 2x1 + x2 + 4x3 + 3x4 = 17;


x + 4x + 3x + 2x = 17;
1 2 3 4
2. £ 10 ©¤ A ´ n ‘‚5˜m V þ •• 1 ‚5C†, B = A − E (Ù¥ E •ð C†), Á¦‚5C†

B • õ‘ª.
3. £ 10 ©¤e©¬Ý A = (Aij )s×t , rank(Aij ) = rij , i = 1, · · · , s, j = 1, · · · t. y²:

s X
X t
rank(A) ≤ rij .
i=1 j=1
4. £ 15 ©¤ x1 , x2 , x3 ´õ‘ª f (x) = x3 + 5x2 − 2x − 7 Š, -
sk = xk1 + xk2 + xk3 , (k = 1, 2, 3, 4),
Á¦ s1 , s2 , s3 , s4 .
5. £ 15 ©¤·‚• , é?¿ ¢¼ê f (x), þ•3•˜ ó¼ê g(x) ÚÛ¼ê h(x), ¦ f (x) = g(x)+h(x).
(1) y²: éEê•þ ?˜• A, þ•3•˜ é¡Ý B Ú‡é¡Ý C, ¦ A = B + C.
(2) Šâþãü‡(Ø, Á‰Ñk'‚5˜mþ ‚5C† (Ø, ¦þãü‡(Ø´ÙA~.
6. £ 15 ©¤ õ‘ª f (x) = (x − a1 )(x − a2 )(x − a3 )(x − a4 ) + 1, Ù¥ a1 < a2 < a3 < a4 Ñ´ ê. y²:

f (x) 3knê•þŒ ⇐⇒ a4 − a1 = 3.
7. ( 15 ©) S ´ê• K þ, n šàg‚5•§| (∗) š˜)8, … (∗) O2Ý •• r. y²:

(1) XJ r0 , r1 , · · · , rs ´ S ˜|‚5Ã' •þ, K s ≤ n − r.
(2) S ¥•3‚5Ã' •þ| r0 , r1 , · · · , rn−r .
n−r
X
(3) b r0 , r1 , · · · , rn−r ´ S ¥?¿˜|‚5Ã' •þ, K ∀γ ∈ S, •3 k0 , k1 , · · · , kn−r , … ki = 1,
i=0
n−r
X
¦γ = ki γi .
i=0
8. ( 20 ©) 4 g.
4
X
f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = 2 x2i − 2(x1 x2 + x2 x3 + x3 x4 + x4 x1 ).
i=1
Á^ ‚5O†z g.•IO., ¿¦§ !K.5•ê±9ÎÒ .
9. ( 20 ©) A ´˜¢• , y²: •3 Ý S, T ±9þn Ý P , Q, ¦
A = SP = QT.
4
10. ( 20 ©) ®• W = R3 ´ 3 ‘IO îª˜m.
p
(1) V ´d W ¥ •þ α, β, γ ¤Ü¤ ²18¡N NÈ. y²: V = |G(α, β, γ)|, Ù¥Ý
 
(α, α) (α, β) (α, γ)
 
 (β, α) (β, β) (β, γ)  .
G(α, β, γ) =  
(γ, α) (γ, β) (γ, γ)
(2) ABCD ´˜‡éc•Ýþƒ o¡N. b o¡N nééc•Ý©O• 4, 5, 6, Á¦To¡N

NÈ.
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1. £ 18 ©¤ A ´˜‡•• r n • (0 < r < n). y²:
(1) •3•• 1 • B1 , B2 , · · · , Br , ¦ A = B1 + B2 + · · · + Br .
(2) •3•• n − 1 • C1 , C2 , · · · Cn−r , ¦ A = C1 C2 · · · Cn−r .
(3) e A •é¡Ý , K•3•• 1 é¡Ý D1 , D2 , · · · , Dr , ¦ A = D1 + D2 + · · · + Dr .
2. £ 12 ©¤ Ý
1
 
1 1 
 2
 1 
A= 0 .
1 
 3
 1 
0 0
5
n
¦A (n = 1, 2, · · · ).
3. £ 12 ©¤ A ´˜‡¢Xê• .
(1) Þ~`²: XJ A 1•þ|üü ,§ •þ|™7üü .
(2) y²: XJ A 1•þ|´•Ýƒ |, K§ •þ|•´•Ýƒ |.
4. £ 20 ©¤ V = Rn ´‘kIOSÈ (α, β) n ‘îª˜m, a ´ V ¥?¿‰½ š"•þ. ½Â V ‡

C† σα Xe:
(β, α)
σα (β) = β − 2 α, β ∈ V.
(α, α)
(1) y²: d‡ C†´ C†.
(2) y²: d‡ C†Œé z.
(3) b n = 2, α = (a, b), ¦ σα 3g,Äe e1 = (1, 0), e2 = (0, 1) Ý .
(4) b n = 2, y²: V z‡ C†þŒ ¤Ø‡Lü‡‡ C† ¦È.
5. £ 14 ©¤  
c 1 0 ··· 0
0 c 1 ··· 0 
 

 
Jn (c) = 
 0 0 c ··· 0 
 .. .. .. .. 
. . . . 
 

0 0 0 ··· c
Ù¥ c ∈ C. ¦ Jn (c) Š‘Ý Jn (c)? Jordan IO..
6. £ 16 ©¤ R4 ¥ •þ|
α1 = (1, 0, 0, −1), α2 = (0, 1, 1, 2), α3 = (1, 2, 2, 3),
§‚)¤ f˜m• V1 , •þ|
β1 = (1, −1, −1, −3), β2 = (−1, 1, 1, 1), β3 = (3, −3, −3, −7),
§‚)¤ f˜m• V2 . ¦f˜m V1 + V2 Ú V1 ∩ V2 ÄÚ‘ê.
7. £ 12 ©¤ n´ ê. y²: x4 + n 3knê•þŒ ¿‡^‡´•3 ê m, ¦ n = 4m4 .
6
 
0 1 ··· 1 1
1 0 ··· 1 1
 
 
.. .. .. ..
 
8. £ 14 ©¤ k n Ý A=
 .. , Ù¥ n > 1.

 . . . . .
1 1 ··· 0 1 
 

1 1 ··· 1 0
(1) ¦ A−1 .
(2) ¦é D ±9Œ_Ý X, ¦ X −1 AX = D.
9. £ 12 ©) ¦˜‡ 4 • A, ¦ A 1˜1• (4, −2, 9, 7), … |A| = 1. ù Ý kõ ‡?
10. £ 20 ©¤ k¢ g¼ê
n
X n
X
f (x1 , x2 , · · · xn ) = aij xi xj + 2bi xi + c, aij = aji .
i,j=1 i=1
!
A BT
- A = (aij )n×n , D = Ù¥ B = (b1 , b2 , · · · , bn ).
B c
|D|
(1) y²: A K½ž, f k•ŒŠ, … fmax = .
|A|
(2) A K½, Á(½ x1 , x2 , · · · , xn •ÛŠž, f •ŒŠ, ¿`²nd.
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1. £ 10 ©¤¦ n Ý Mn _Ý (n ≥ 3), Ù¥
 
a 0 1 0 ··· 0
 .. .. 
 0 a 0

1 . . 

 .. .. .. ..
 
. . .

 . 0 0 
Mn =   (a 6= 0) .
 . . . .. ..
 .. .. ..

 . . 1 
 . . .. 
 .. .. . a 0 
 
0 0 ··· ··· 0 a
2. ( 15 ©) K ´˜ê•, • A ∈ Mm (K), C ∈ Mn (K), XJé?¿Ý B ∈ Mm×n (K) ok

!
A B
rank = rank(A) + rank(C),
0 C
y²: A ½ C Œ_.
3. ( 10 ©) k• A ∈ Mm+n (K), … aij = 0, 1 ≤ i, j ≤ m ½ m + 1 < i, j ≤ m + n. y²: e λ0 • A A

Š, K −λ0 •• A A Š.
4. ( 30 ©) A ´ê• K þk•‘‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, W ´ V A−f˜m.

(1) 3 V þ½Â˜‡ 'X ∼: u ∼ v ⇔ u − v ∈ W . y²: ∼ ´˜‡ d'X.
(2) V /W = {[u]|u ∈ W } ´d (1) ¥ d'X¤(½ ¤k da|¤ 8Ü. 3d8Üþ½Â\{9
Iþ¦{$ŽXe:
[u] + [v] := [u + v] , k [u] := [ku] , k ∈ K, u, v ∈ V.
y²: V /W Uìù ½Â $Ž ¤ê• K þ‚5˜m(¡•d W (½ V û˜m).

(3) y²:
dim(V /W ) = dim(V ) − dim(W )
(4) ½Â V /W þ C† B : B([u]) = [A(u)], u ∈ V . y²: B ´û˜m V /W þ ‚5C†.

(5) y²:
fA (λ) = fA|W (λ)fB (λ),
Ù¥ fA (λ) L«‚5C† A A õ‘ª, A |W L« A 3 W þ •›.
5. ( 15 ©) ¦Ñ¤k÷v^‡ (x − 1)f (x + 1) = (x + 2)f (x) š"¢Xêõ‘ª f (x).
6. ( 25 ©) a1 = (1, 2, −1, 0, 4), a2 = (−1, 3, 2, 4, 1), a3 = (2, 9, −1, 4, 13), W = L(a1 , a2 , a3 ) ´dùn‡•
þ)¤ ê• K þ ‚5˜m K 5 f˜m.
(1) ¦± W Š•Ù)˜m àg‚5•§|;
(2) ¦± W 0 = {η + α | α ∈ W } •Ù)8 šàg‚5•§|, Ù¥ η = (1, 2, 1, 2, 1).
7. ( 15 ©) y²: ng•§ x3 − a1 x2 + a2 x − a3 = 0 n‡Š¤ ê ¿‡^‡´
2a31 − 9a1 a2 + 27a3 = 0.
8
8. ( 15 ©)¦Ý
 
2 1 −1 0
 
 20 3 −1 −20 
A= 
 20 3 1
 −20 

5 1 −1 −3
A Š!4 õ‘ª±9 Jordan IO..
9. ( 15 ©)
n X
X n
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = aij xi xj
i=1 j=1
´˜‡¢ g., Ù¥ A = (aij ) ´¢é¡Ý . ò g.wŠ n ¢¼ê, ^“ê•{(½§3
S = X = (x1 , x2 , · · · xn )T ∈ Rn | x21 + x22 + · · · + x2n = 1

þ Š‰Œ.
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1. £ 10 ©¤OŽ1 ª:

1 4 6 4 1

1 1 4 6 4
D= 4 1 1 4 6

6 4 1 1 4

4 6 4 1 1
2. ( 15 ©) Á‰Ñng•§ x3 − a1 x2 + a2 x − a3 = 0 n‡Š¤ 'ê ¿©7‡^‡(^ a1 , a2 , a3 /ª

L«, …¦ŒU{ü), ¿y²\ (Ø.
3. ( 20 ©) K ´ê•, W ∈ K n ´ K þ ‚5•§| AX = B š˜)8, Ù¥ A ∈ Mm×n (K),

T
X = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) , B ∈ Mm×1 (K). y²:
(1) •3T•§| A) γ0 , 9 K n f˜m V , ¦ W = γ0 + V = {γ0 + η | η ∈ V };
(2) e γ0 = (2, 0, 1, 2) , V ´d (2, 1, 0, 0)T , (4, 0, −1, 0)T , (1, 0, 0, 1)T , (3, 0, −1, −1)T )¤
T
Kn f
˜m. Á¦˜‚5•§|, ¦Ù)8 u γ0 + V .
4. ( 20 ©) A ń ¢é¡Ý . y²:
(1) •3 ½Ý B ÚK½Ý C, ¦ A = B + C. ù ©)•˜í? `²nd.
2
(2) XJ A ½, … n > 1, K•3Ø½Ý D, ¦ A=D .
5. ( 14 ©) ÚOÆ¥òˆ ƒ•šKê, …z1 ƒƒÚ• 1 • A ¡•”=£VÇÝ ”. y²:

(1) =£VÇÝ A 7± 1 •Ù˜‡A Š;
(2) =£VÇÝ A †B ¦ÈE´=£VÇÝ .
6. ( 20 ©) Kn ´ê• K þ ‚5˜m.
(1) e Kn = V1 ⊕ V2 , Ù¥ V1 , V2 ´ Kn ü‡š²…f˜m. y²: •3•˜˜ Ý A ∈ Mn (K), ¦
V1 = {X ∈ K n | AX = 0} , V2 = {X ∈ K n | AX = X} .
(2) e f˜m
V1 = X = (a1 , a2 , · · · , an )T ∈ K n | a1 + a2 + · · · + an = 0 , V2 = X ∈ K n | X = (a, a, · · · , a)T .

y²: K n = V1 ⊕ V2 , ¿¦ (1) K¥éA ˜ Ý A.
7. ( 16 ©) ¦Ý
 
5 0 −4 −4
 
 6 8 1 8 
A= 
 14
 7 −6 0 

−6 −7 −1 −7
A õ‘ª!Ð Ïf|!4 õ‘ª±9 Jordan IO..
8. ( 20 ©) y²: éz‡ ê n, þ•3 A ∈ Mn (R), ¦ A3 = A + 2En . é?Û÷v^‡ A3 = A + 2En

Ý A, þk |A| > 0.
9. ( 15 ©) ¦¤k 3 EÝ A, ¦ A † A2 ƒq.
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1. £ 15 ©) OŽe 1 ª Š:
(1)

2 −1 1 2

−1 2 −1 0
;

0 −1 2 −1

−1 2 −2 2
(2)

1 2 2 2 ··· 2

2 2 2 2 ··· 2
2 2 3 2 ··· 2

2 2 2 4 ··· 2
.. .. .. .. ..

. . . . .

2 2 2 2 ··· n
.
2. ( 12 ©) A •4×2 Ý , B •2×4 Ý , …÷v

 
1 0 −1 0
 
 0 1 0 −1 
AB = 
 −1 0
,
 1 0 
0 −1 0 1
¦ BA.
3. ( 20 ©)  
−3 1 0 0 0
 
 0
 −3 0 0 0 

A= 0 0 0 0 0 .
 
 
 0 0 1 0 0 
 
0 0 0 1 0
¦ A2 ØCÏf|, Ð Ïf|, 4 õ‘ª, ±9 Jordan IO..
4. ( 15 ©) õ‘ª f (x) = x4 − x3 + 2x2 − x + 1, g(x) = x3 − 2x2 + 2x − 1. ¦ f (x), g(x) Ä˜•ŒúÏª

(f (x), g(x)) ±9õ‘ª u(x), v(x), ¦
(f (x), g(x)) = u(x)f (x) + v(x)g(x).
5. ( 15 ©) ¦gê•$ õ‘ª f (x), ¦ f (1) = 1, f (−1) = −1, f (2) = 2, f (−2) = −8.
6. ( 20 ©) ^ ‚5O†ze g.•IO.
2x21 + 4x1 x2 − 4x1 x3 + 5x22 − 8x2 x3 + 5x23 .
7. ( 18 ©) y²:
(1) Ý A ˜" ¿‡^‡• 0 ´ A •Ã Š.
(2) éu?ÛÝ A ∈ Mn (C), •3Œé zÝ B ±9˜" C, ¦ BC = CB, … A k©) A = B + C,
¿…ù ©)´•˜ .
11
8. ( 15 ©) (a, b) ´îAp ˜m V SÈ¼ê. éu?Û‰½ γ ∈ V , ½Â V ¼ê fγ : α 7→ (α, γ), =
fγ (α) = (α, γ). y²:
(1) fγ ´ V ‚5¼ê;
(2) V ‚5¼êÑäk fγ /ª.
9. ( 20 ©) y²: é?Û¢XêŒ_Ý A, •3 Ý Q ±9þn Ý R, ¦ A = QR, …XJ‡¦ T

Ìé ‚þ ƒþŒu", Kd©)´•˜ . é
 
1 1 0
 
A=
 2 −1 5 

−2 4 2
¦ù ©).
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1. £ 10 ©) OŽ1 ª
a2 + m ba ca da

b2 + m

ab cb db
D = 2
.
ac bc c +m dc

2

ad bd cd d +m
2. ( 15 ©) Ý A = (aij ) ∈ Mm×n (R), B = (b1 , · · · , bm )T ∈ Mm×1 (R). y²: ‚5•§| AT AX = AT B

˜½k).
3. ( 15 ©) Ý A ∈ Mn (C) A ŠpØƒÓ. ½Â C(A) = {B ∈ Mn (C) | AB = BA}.

(1) y: C(A) É‚5˜m Mn (C) ‚5f˜m.
(2) y²: éu?¿ B, C ∈ C(A), k BC = CB.
4. ( 20 ©) V ´ê• K þ 4 ‘‚5˜m, a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ´ V ˜|Ä. e A ´ V þ ‚5C†, …3Ä

 
1 1 0 0
 
 0 1 0 0 
a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 e Ý •Oé  0 0 3 0 , Á¦¤k A−ØCf˜m.
 
 
0 0 0 3
5. ( 15 ©) A ∈ Mn (R) ´Œ ½Ý , …•3 ê m > 1, ¦ Am = En , ¦ A.

eòþã/Œ ½0 ^‡U•/ŒK½0, \U ÑŸo(Ø?
6. ( 20 ©) V ´¢ê•þ n ‘îª˜m, e1 , · · · , en ´˜|Ä, ÷vSÈ (ei , ej ) ≤ 0(i 6= j).

(1) y²: •3˜‡š"•þ v ∈ V , ÷v (ei , v) ≥ 0, (i = 1, 2, · · · , n).
(2) b v = a1 e1 + · · · + an en ∈ V ´?Û÷v (1) •þ, y²: ai ≥ 0, i = 1, 2, · · · , n.
(3) u = b1 e1 + · · · + bn en ∈ V ´,˜‡÷v (1) •þ, ¿½Â w = c1 e1 + · · · + cn en ∈ V , Ù¥
ci = min {ai , bi }, i = 1, 2, · · · , n, y²: •þ w •÷v (1).
7. ( 25 ©) n Ý  
−2 1
 
 1
 −2 1 

1 −2 1
 
 
An =  ,
 
.. ..
 1 . . 
 
 .. .. 

 . . 1 
1 −2
ÙA õ‘ªP• fn (λ).
(1) y²: fn (λ) = (λ + 2)fn−1 (λ) − f n − 2(λ).
(2) ¦ f1 (λ), f2 (λ), f3 (λ), ¿¦ƒA A Š9A •þ.
(3) Á Ñ A3 e ;‰..
∞
X Ak
8. ( 15 ©) A ∈ Mn (C) ´˜‡˜"Ý (=•3 ê m, ¦ Am = 0), ½ÂÝ exp(A) = . y²:
k!
k=0
exp(A) ´Œ_Ý , … exp(A)−1 = exp(−A).
9. ( 15 ©) A1 , A2 , · · · , An Ñ´ê• K þ n š"Ý , A2i = Ai (i = 1, 2, · · · , n), Ai Aj = 0(i 6= j; i, j =

1, 2, · · · , n).
13
(1) y²: Ai (i = 1, 2, · · · , n) ÑŒ±é z;
(2) ¦ê• K þ n Œ_Ý P, ¦ P −1 A1 P , P −1 A2 P , · · · , P −1 An P •é Ý .
14
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1. £ 20 ©) ¦˜‡ 3 ¢é¡Ý A, ÷v: A Š• 6, 3, 3, … 6 éA A •þ• a1 = (1, 1, 1)T .
 
1 −2 −2 −2
 
 −2 1 −2 −2 
2. ( 20 ©) Ý A=
  ¦˜‡ Ý T , ¦ T −1 AT •é .
 −2 −2 1 −2 

−2 −2 −2 1
3. ( 15 ©) ¦)e¡ •§|

x x2 x x3 x x1
1 2 3
= 1, = 2, = 3.
x3 x1 x1 x2 x2 x3

x −1 0 0 ··· 0 0

−1 x −1 0 ··· 0 0
0 −1 x −1 ··· 0 0

4. ( 25 ©) fn (x) =
0 0 −1 x ··· 0 0 .
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . .

0 0 0 0 ··· x −1
0 · · · −1

0 0 0 x
2
(1) y²: f1 (x) = x, f2 (x) = x − 1, fn (x) = xfn−1 (x) − fn−2 (x), (n > 2),
(2) ¦ fn (2) Š,
(3) y²: fn (x) = 0 Š´ýéŠØ‡L 2 ¢ê.
5. ( 15 ©) y²: Eê•þ •§| 

x1 + x2 + · · · + xn = 0




x2 + x2 + · · · + x2 = 0

1 2 n
· · · · · ·




xn + xn + · · · + xn = 0

1 2 n
•k").
6. ( 15 ©) A, B •Eê• n Ý , … A2 = A, B 2 = B, rank(A) = rank(B), y²: A † B ƒq.
7. ( 20 ©) A, B ∈ R2×2 , …
A2 = B 2 = E, AB + BA = 0.
y²: •3Œ_Ý P ¦
! !
−1 1 0 −1 0 1
P AP = ,P BP = .
0 −1 1 0
8. ( 20 ©) • C þ Nn Ý |¤˜‡ n2 ‘‚5˜m Mn (C), A ∈ Mn (C), A Œé z, A Š•

λ1 , λ2 , · · · λn (Ø˜½Øƒ ), A ´• C C†, A(B) = AB − BA,
(1) y²: A •• C þ ‚5C†,
(2) ¦ A ¤k n2 ‡A Š.
15
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1. £ 15 ©) M ´ Ý , ¦y:
! !
0 1 T 0 1
M M = ⇔ |M | = 1.
−1 0 −1 0
2. ( 15 ©) 3Ý  
1 2 ··· n
 
 n+1 n+2 ··· 2n 
A=
 
.. .. .. 

 . . . 

(n − 1)n + 1 (n − 1)n + 2 ··· n2
¥ n ‡ê, ¦ z1z ÑTÐ• ˜‡ê. ¯: ù Ñ êƒ\ƒÚ¬k= ŒU Šº
3. ( 30 ©) ®•Ý
 
3 1 0 −1
 
 1 3 −1 0 
A= .
 0
 −1 3 1 

−1 0 1 3
¦ Ý Q, ¦ Q−1 AQ •é Ý ,¿ Ñ é Ý .
4. ( 15 ©) ϕ ´ n ‘‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, α ´ V ¥ •þ. ®• ê m ÷v ϕm (α) 6= 0,

ϕm+1 (α) = 0. ¦y α, ϕ(α), · · · , ϕm (α) ‚5Ã'.
5. ( 20 ©) V ´ê• K þ ‚5˜m, X ´˜‡8Ü. ®••3˜V ϕ : X → V . k3 X þ½Â\{Ú

ê¦$ŽXe:
x ⊕ y = ϕ−1 (ϕ(x) + ϕ(y)), x, y ∈ X,
x ◦ y = ϕ−1 (λϕ(x)), λ ∈ K, x ∈ X.
y X 'uþã½Â \{†ê¦ ¤ K þ ˜‡‚5˜m, ¿… ϕ ´‚5˜mƒm ˜‡Ó .
6. ( 20 ©) V ´ Nn ¢XêÝ ¤ ‚5˜m, ½Â$Ž
(A, B) = Tr(AT B), A, B ∈ V.
(1) y²: ( , ) ´SÈ, V ´ n2 ‘îª˜m.

(2) T ∈ V ´‰½Ý , ½ÂN
φ(A) = T A, A ∈ V,
y²: φ ´ V þ ‚5N .
(3) ¦ φ Š‘Žf.
7. ( 15 ©) y²: e g.
n n
!2
X X
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = n x2i − xi
i=1 i=1
´Œ ½..
16
8. ( 20 ©) ®•¢Ý
 
a1 b1
 
 c1 a2 b2 
 
 .. .. .. 
A=
 . . . ,

 .. .. 

 . . bn−1 

cn−1 an
÷v bi ci > 0, (i = 1, 2, · · · , n − 1). ¦y: A k n ‡üüØÓ ¢A Š.
(J«: k•Ä bi = ci (i = 1, 2, · · · , n − 1) AÏœ¹; é˜„œ/, ÁéÑ˜‡¢é Œ_Ý D ¦
−1
D AD ÎÜTAÏœ/.)
17
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1. £ 20 ©) ¢ê λ •ÛŠž, •§|



 (λ − 2)x1 − x2 − x3 = −2,

4x1 + (λ − 1)x2 + 4x3 = 7,



x + x + x = 2.
1 2 3
k•˜), Ã), kÃ¡õ‡); k)ž, ž¦Ñ¦ Ü).
2. ( 12 ©) ®• g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + x22 + 3x23 + 2λx1 x2 + 2x1 x3
½, ¦ λ Š‰Œ.
3. ( 20 ©) ®•¢é¡Ý  
4 1 1
 
A=
 1 4 ,
1 
1 1 4
¦ Ý T, ¦ T −1 AT •é Ý .
4. ( 20 ©) K ´ê•,
(1) y²: ˜ õ‘ª x2 + x3 ØU ¤,˜õ‘ª ²•;
2 2 3
(2) y²: õ‘ª y − x − x ´ õ‘ª‚ K[x, y] ¥ ØŒ õ‘ª, •Ò´`§ØU ¤ü‡š
~êõ‘ª ¦È.
5. ( 13 ©) A, B ´Ó • , e A Œ_, y² AB † BA ƒq. ¯ A ØŒ_ž,(Ø´Ä¤á?
6. ( 10 ©) ‰½ m + n ©¬• !
0m Bm×n
A= ,
Cn×m 0n
y²: e λ • A A Š, K −λ •• A A Š.
7. ( 20 ©) (1) ¦y: 3 EÝ A † B ƒq ¿‡^‡´§‚kƒÓ A õ‘ªÚ4 õ‘ª;

(2) Þ~`² 4 EÝ =¦kƒÓ A õ‘ªÚ4 õ‘ª•Ø˜½ƒq.
8. ( 15 ©) f : U → V , g : V → W ´ê• K þk•‘ ‚5N , y²:
dim(Kerf ) + dim(Imf ∩ Kerg) = dim(Ker(gf )).
9. ( 20 ©) f (x), g(x) ´ê• K þ š"õ‘ª, A ´ n(n ≥ 2) • .

∗ ∗ ∗
(1) y²: e g(A) Œ_, K f (A)g(A) = g(A) f (A), Ù¥ g(A) • g(A) Š‘Ý .
(2) g(A) ØŒ_ž, (Ø´Ä¤á?
18
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1. £ 15 ©) ¢ê a, d ÛŠž, e •§Ã)!k•˜)!kÃ¡õ‡)?k)ž, ¦Ñ¤k).



−x2 − 2x3 − 2x4 − 6x5 = a − 3,


x1 − x3 − x4 + (d − 5)x5 = −4,




2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 + (d + 2)x5 = −a,


2x + 4x + 4x + 12x = −a + 6.
2 3 4 5
2. ( 10 ©) ®• 5 E• A A õ‘ª• fA (λ) †4 õ‘ª mA (λ) ©O• fA (λ) = (λ − 1)3 (λ + 2)2 ,

mA (λ) = (λ − 1)2 (λ + 2). ¦ A Jordan ;‰..
3. ( 10 ©) ®•¢ g. Q ÷v Q(α) = 0 ⇐⇒ α = 0. ¦y: Q ½ö ½½öK½.

 
2 −1 2
1
Ý P ¦ P T AP •é

4. ( 15 ©) A=  −1 2 2 . ¦˜‡ §¿ ÑTé .
3 
2 2 1
5. ( 20 ©) (1) |^Ð C†òe Ý z¤{z 1 F/Ý .

 
1 2 −1 0 2 1 5
 
.
 −1 −2 0 0 1 −2 −3 

1 2 −3 0 5 1 6
(2) V ê• K þ k•‘‚5˜m, ‰½¦ ˜|Ä e1 , e2 , · · · , en . éu V ¥ ˜‡š"•þ α =

Xn
λi ei , e i ´• ê¦ λi Ø• 0, K¡ ei •§ Tip, P• ei = Tip(α), éu V ˜‡f˜m W ,
i=1
½Â
Tip(W ) = {tip(α) : α ∈ W, α 6= 0} .
NonTip(W ) = {e1 , e2 , · · · , en } − Tip(W ).
y V = K 7 ´ 7 ‘1•þ|¤ ˜m, § IOÄ e1 , e2 , · · · , e7 . - W • (1) ¥Ý 1•þÜ¤ f

˜m. ¦ Tip(W ) Ú NonTip(W ).
(3) V ´ê• K þ k•‘‚5˜m, ‰½§ ˜|Ä e1 , e2 , · · · , en , W ´V ˜‡f˜m. yµ
V = W ⊕ Spank (NonTip(W )),
ùp Spank (NonTip(W )) ´ NonTip(W ) Ü¤ f˜m.
6. ( 15 ©) f † g ´lk•‘‚5˜m U k•‘‚5˜m W ü‡‚5N . e Im f = Im g, ùp Im f

´f ”, y²: •3 U þ Œ_‚5C† h, ¦ g = f ◦ h.
7. ( 25 ©) K ´˜‡ê•, m, n •g,ê, Mm,n (K), Mm (K) ©O´ê• K þ m × n †m Ý )¤

˜m, A ´•• r m×n Ý . ½Â
f : Mm (K) → Mm,n (K), f (X) = XA.
(1) y²: f ´˜‡‚5N ; !

1 2
(2) m = n = 2, A = , ©O¦ f Ø kerf ˜|Ä† f ” Im f ˜|Ä;
2 4
19
(3) éu?¿ m, n, r, ¦ f •;
(4) éu?¿ m, n, r, ¦ f Ø kerf ‘ê.
8. ( 20 ©) Mk,n ´¤k k × n EÝ 8Ü, Nk+ ´¤k k en Ñ• 8Ü, Nk+ ´¤k n þ

n Ñ• 8Ü. ùp ÑÝ ´•é ‚þ • 1 þn ½en Ý . 3 Mk,n ¥½ÂXe'X
A ∼ B ⇔ ∃P ∈ Nk− , Q ∈ Nk+ ¦ A = P BQ.
(1) ¦y ∼ ´ Mk,n þ d'X.

(2) r = min {k, n}, ¦y ∆1 , · · · , ∆r ´þã d'X ØCþ, •Ò´`ü‡÷vT d'X Ý äk
ƒÓ ∆1 , · · · , ∆r Š, ùp ∆i (i = 1, · · · , r) ´Ý 1 i ‡^SÌfª.
9. ( 20 ©) λ1 , · · · , λn ´ê• K þ n ‡üüØÓ ê, V ´ K þ ‚5˜m, ϕ ´ V þ ‚5C†, …

§3Ä ξ1 , · · · , ξn e Ý •é Ý A = diag{λ1 , · · · , λn }.
(1) W ´ϕ ØCf˜m, x1 ξ1 + · · · + xn ξn ∈ W , Ù¥ x1 , · · · , xn ∈ K, y²: e,‡ xi Ø• 0, K
ξi ∈ W .
(2) ¦ ϕ ØCf˜m‡ê.
20
11. uÀ“‰ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
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1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 9 ©§ 54 ©¤
(1) lim g(x) = A, lim f (y) = B, d? a, A, B þ•¢ê. K
x→a y→A
lim f (g(x)) = B.
x→a
(2) f (x) •4«m [a, b] þØð• 0 ëY¼ê, D(x) • Dirichlet ¼ê, K f (x)D(x) 3 [a, b] þØŒÈ.
(3) •3¢ê a0 , an , bn , (n = 1, 2, · · · ) ¦

∞
a0 X 1, x ∈ [1, 2];
+ (an cos nx + bn sin nx) =
2 n=1
0, x ∈ [4, 5].
f (x)
(4) ®• f (x) 3 x = 2 ?ëY, … lim = 1, K f (x) 3 x = 2 ?Œ .
x−2 x→2
(5) XJ f (x) 3 x0 ?Œ , K f (x) 3 x0 ˜‡ •þëY.
(6) eõ‘ª¼ê {fn (x)} 3 (−∞, +∞) þ˜—Âñu¼ê f (x), K f (x) 7´õ‘ª¼ê.
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 12 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) a > 0, a 6= 1. ¦4•
x1
ax − 1

lim .
x→+∞ (a − 1)x
(2) (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 ≤ R2 þˆ: —Ý uT: % ål, ¦d Ÿþ.
3 →
− →
−
(3) S • R ¥µ41w-¡, l •?¿ ½••, n •-¡ S {‚••. ¦
ZZ → −
cos →
−

n , l dS.
S
3. y²e ˆK£z K 10 ©§ 60 ©¤
x2 y2 z2
(1) P0 ´-¡ S : 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 ˜:, P1 ∈ S. e P0 P1 = max P0 P , ¦y†‚ P0 P ´ S 3
a b c P ∈S
P1 ? {‚.
(2) ¼ê  3 y
 y sin x ,

x 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2

0, x = 0.
¦y: 3 :? f (x, y) ëY!÷?Û•• •• ê•3! ØŒ‡.

(3) a < b, c < d þ•¢ê. ®• f (x) 3 (a, b) þüN, ÙŠ•• c < d, ¦y f (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—ëY.
(4) ê ÷v^‡ ∀n ∈ N, an > 0 …
an
lim = 0.
n→∞ an+2 + an+4
¦y {an } •Ã.ê .
(5) f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þëY…k.. y²éu?¿ ê T , •3 xn → ∞, ¦
lim (f (xn + T ) − f (xn )) = 0.

n→∞
Z b
(6) ¼ê f (x) 34«m [a, b](a < b) þŒÈ, f (x)dx = 0. y²: eé?¿ x ∈ [a, b] k f (x) 6= 0, K
a
•3 [c, d] ⊆ [a, b], ¦ é?¿ x ∈ [c, d] k f (x) > 0.
21
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1. ¦)e ˆK£z K 12 ©§ 60 ©¤
(1) -‚ Γ : x = x(t) = t , y = y(t) = et + 2, z = z(t) = t + cos t, t ∈ R. Á¦ Γ 3: (x(0), y(0), z(0))
2
? {‚•§†ƒ²¡•§.
(2) ¦d•§ x2 + 2xy + 2y 2 = 1 ¤(½ Û¼ê y = f (x) 4Š.
(3) OŽ ZZ
(x − a)3 dydz + (y − b)3 dzdx + (z − c)3 dxdy.
S
Ù¥ S ´¥¡ (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + (z − c)2 = 1 ý.

ex
(4) ¦¼ê f (x) = 3x=0 ? VÐmª, ¿¦ f (n) (0).
2 − 2x
(5)
Z +∞
arctan(tx) arctan(ty)
g(x, y) = dt, (x, y) ∈ (0, +∞) × (0, +∞).
0 t2
Á¦ gxy (x, y).
2. y²e ˆK£z K 12 ©§ 60 ©¤
(1) ®• f (x, y) 3: (x0 , y0 ) Œ‡… f (x0 , y0 ) = 0, g(x, y) 3: (x0 , y0 ) ëY. Áy f (x, y)g(x, y) 3: (x0 , y0 )
Œ‡, … d(f g)(x0 , y0 ) = g(x0 , y0 )df (x0 , y0 ).
Z +∞
f (x + 1)
(2) f (x) •½Â3 [a, +∞) þ ŠëY¼ê. y²: e lim = q < 1, K‡~È© f (x)dx
x→+∞ f (x) a
Âñ.
(3) y²:
n
X
(i) n ∈ N+ , 'u x •§ ekx = n + 1 3 [0, 1] þ7½•3•˜¢Š(P• an );
k=1
(ii) ê {an } 7½Âñ, ¿¦Ù4•.
(4) f (x, y) 3 [a, b] × [c, d](a < b, c < d) þëY, - M (x) = max f (x, y), x ∈ [a, b], y²: M (x) 3 [a, b]
y∈[c,d]
þëY.
(5) f (x) 3 [a, b] þŒ (a < b). y²: f (x) 3 [a, b] þ˜—Œ ¿‡^‡´ f 0 (x) 3 [a, b] þëY.
`² f (x) 3 [a, b] þ˜—Œ ´•: ∀ε > 0, ∃δ > 0, ¦ ∀x, y ∈ [a, b], •‡ 0 < |x − y| < δ, Òk
f (x) − f (y)
− f 0 (x) < ε ¤á.

x−y
3. ( 30 ©) ¤ ŒÈ¼ê {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu f (x). y²:

Z b Z b
(1) f (x) 3 [a, b] þŒÈ, … lim fn (x)dx = f (x)dx;
n→∞ a a
(2) {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—ŒÈ(˜—ŒÈ´•: ∀ε > 0, ∃δ > 0, ¦ é?¿©• T : a = x0 < x1 < · · · <
xk = b, •‡ max ∆xi < δ, Òk
1≤i≤k
Z
b k
X
fn (x)dx − fn (ξi )∆xi < ε.

a
i=1
é?¿ ξi ∈ [xi−1 , xi ], 1 ≤ i ≤ k, 9?¿ n ∈ N+ Ñ¤á);

(3) Þ~`² (2) _Øý.
22
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1. ¦)e ˆK£z K 12 ©§ 48 ©¤
(1) f (x, y) 3 D = [0, 1] × [0, 1] þëY, ¦
Z Z n1
n
lim |f (x, y)| dxdy .
n→∞ D
∞
X
(2) ¦˜?ê nx2n+1 Âñ•9Ú¼ê.
n=1
2
x z2
(3) ¦ý¥¡ + (y − 1)2 + = 1 ²¡ 2x + y + z = 1 ¤ ý ¡È.
3 2
(4) f (x) 3 R ëYŒ‡, L •Åã1w4-‚, ¦
I
f (sin x + sin y)(cos xdx + cos ydy).
L
2. y²e ˆK£z K 12 ©§ 72 ©¤
(1) ^ ε − δ Šóy² !
r r
1 1
lim +2− −2 = 0.
x→2− 2−x 2−x
+∞
x2
Z
(2) y²: F (α) = dx 3 (3, +∞) þëY.
0 1 + 2xα
(3) f (x) 3 [a, b] (a < b •¢ê) þëY, … f (a)f (b) < 0, Á^k•CX½ny²•3 ξ ∈ (a, b), ¦
f (ξ) = 0.
Z +∞
(4) f (x) ∈ C[a, +∞)(= f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY) … |f (x)| dx Âñ, K•3ê xn ⊂ [a, +∞) ÷v
a
^‡: lim xn = +∞ 9 lim xn f (xn ) = 0.
n→∞ n→∞
(5) f (x, y, z) 3 [a, +∞) × [b, +∞) × [c, +∞) þëY…Ãe., éu?¿ s ∈ R, f (x, y, z) = s )8•
k.8, y²:
lim f (x, y, z) = −∞.
(x,y,z)→(+∞,+∞,+∞)
∞
[
(6) {In } • R2 ¥˜ 48¿…÷v: é?¿ n ∈ N, In ⊆ In+1 , In = (0, 1) × (0, 1). y²•3
n=1
P0 ∈ (0, 1) × (0, 1), r > 0 9 k ∈ N, ¦ 4¥ B(P0 ; r) ⊆ Ik .
3. y²e (Ø£z K 10 ©§ 20 ©¤
(1) f (x) • R þ ¢Š¼ê, y²: f (x) 4Š¤|¤ 8Ü´–õŒê .
(2) f (x) • R þ ëY¼ê… R þz˜:þ• f (x) 4Š:, ¦y: f (x) •~Š¼ê.
4. ( 10 ©) f : R → R ´ëY¼ê, P f n = f ◦ f ◦ · · · ◦ f • f (x) n gEÜ. q f (x) vkØÄ:, =é

?¿ x0 ∈ R þk f (x0 ) 6= x0 . y²: é?¿ x0 ∈ R, ê
f n (x0 ), n = 1, 2, · · ·
´Ã. .
23
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1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 8 ©§ 32 ©¤
(1) XJ¼ê f (x) 3«m [a, b] þŒÈ, K¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þ•3
Z Z ¼ê.
(2) XJ¼ê f (x, y, z) ´k•1w-¡ S þ šKëY¼ê, K f (x, y, z)dydz ≥ 0.
S
0
(3) ¼ê f (x) 3: x0 ˜% • U+ (x0 ) Sk½Â. XJéu?Û÷v^‡
0
{xn } ⊂ U+ (x0 ), lim xn = x0 , xn+1 < xn (n ∈ N+ )
n→+∞
ê {xn } Ñk lim f (xn ) •3, K lim+ f (x) •3.

n→+∞ x→x0
∞ ∞
X
2
X an
(4) XJ?ê an Âñ, K?ê Âñ.
n=1 n=1
n
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 8 ©§ 40 ©¤
(1) ¦4•
ex sin x − x(1 + x)
lim .
x→0 x3
∞
X p n 1
(2) p > 0, 0 < a < 1. ?Ø?ê 1+ −1− ñÑ5.
n=1
n n
(3) OŽÈ© ZZ
yzdxdy + zxdydz + xydzdx.
S
Ù¥ S ´d z = 1, x2 + y 2 = 1 ±9n‡‹I¡¤Œ¤ 1˜%•Ü© ý.
(4) ¦¼ê
f (x, y) = x + xy 2 + y 2
3 x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 þ •ŒŠÚ• Š.
(5) ?ØÃ¡È© a
1
Z +∞ e x2 − 1
dx
1 lnb 1 + 1
x
ñÑ5, Ù¥ a, b •~ê.
3. y²e ˆK£z K 13 ©§ 78 ©¤
(1) ¼ê f (x, y, z) Ú g(x, y, z) Ñ3Œ¦• ëY-‚ L ⊂ R3 þëY, … g(x, y, z) ´šK . y²: •3
(ξ, η, ζ) ∈ L, ¦ Z Z
f (x, y, z)g(x, y, z)ds = f (ξ, η, ζ) g(x, y, z)ds.
L L
(2) f (x) • [0, +∞) þ ëYŒ‡ ]¼ê, … lim f (x) •3, y²: lim f 0 (x) = 0.
x→+∞ x→+∞
(3) f (x) 3[0, 1] þëYŒ‡, …
f (0) = 0, 0 < f 0 (x) < 1.
y²:
Z 1 Z 1 2
(f (x))3 dx ≤ f (x)dx , t ∈ [0, 1].
0 0
(4) ¼ê
∞
X x − n1
f (x) = , x ∈ (0, +∞).
n=1
2n
24
1
y²: (i) ¼ê f (x) 3: x 6= (n = 1, 2, · · · ) ?Œ .
n
1
(ii) ¼ê f (x) 3: x = (n = 1, 2, · · · ) ?ØŒ .
n
(5) D •k.4«•, f (x, y) 3 D þëY…•3˜ ê, ®•
∂f ∂f
+ = f, f |∂D = 0.
∂x ∂y
y²: f (x, y) ≡ 0.
(6) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] þëYŒ‡, …÷v
f 00 (x) ≤ 0, 0 ≤ f (x) ≤ 1, f (0) = f (1) = 0.
y²: -‚ C : y = f (x), x ∈ [0, 1] l• s ≤ 3.
25
o
1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 6 ©§ 36 ©¤
∞
X
(1) ®•ê an > 0, … lim an = 0, K?ê (−1)n an Âñ.
n→∞
n=1
(2) XJ¼ê f (u) 3: u0 ëY, … lim g(x) = u0 , K lim f (g(x)) = f (u0 ).
x→x0 x→x0
∞
X
(3) XJé?Û n ∈ N+ , un (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, ?ê un (x) 3 [a, b] þÂñ, …Ú¼ê3 [a, b] þëY, K
n=1
∞
X
?ê un (x) 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñ.
n=1
(4) XJ¼ê f (x) 3k•«m (a, b) þëY…k., K f (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—ëY.
(5) XJ¼ê f (x, y) 3: P0 (x0 , y0 ) ? ü‡ ê fxy (P0 ) † fyx (P0 ) Ñ•3, K fxy (P0 ) = fyx (P0 ).
(6) XJ f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þŒ , … lim f (x) = A ∈ R, K lim f 0 (x) = 0.
x→+∞ x→+∞
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 9 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) ¦Ú
∞
X (−1)n
.
n=2
n2 +n−2
Z
(2) OŽÈ© xyds, Ù¥ L •-‚ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 †²¡ x + y + z = 0 ‚.
L
(3) OŽÈ©
Z 1
1
1 dx.
0 x
(4) ¦4•
e−xy −1
R +∞
1 y3 dy
lim .
x→0+ ln(1 + x)
3. y²e ˆK£z K 13 ©§ 78 ©¤
(1) y²: éu?Ûg,ê n, k n
1 3
0<e− 1+ < .
n n
Z +∞
(2) g(x) 3 [a, +∞) þØCÒ, g(x)dx Âñ, … f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëYk.. y²: •3 ξ ∈ [a, +∞),
a
¦ Z +∞ Z +∞
f (x)g(x)dx = f (ξ) g(x)dx.
a a
(3) f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þŒ‡, 0 ≤ p < 1, … lim xp f 0 (x) = A ∈ R. y²µ f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY.
x→+∞
(4) ¼ê f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëY, a Ú b ´~ê. y²:
ZZ ZZ p
f (ax + by)dxdy = f (u a2 + b2 )dudv.
x2 +y 2 ≤1 u2 +v 2 ≤1
(5) ¼ê f (x, y) Ú g(x, y) 3«• [0, 1] × [0, 1] þëY, …•3 [0, 1] × [0, 1] ¥ : {Pn (xn , yn )} ¦
f (xn , yn ) = g(xn+1 , yn+1 ), n ∈ N+ .
y²: •3 (x0 , y0 ) ∈ [0, 1] × [0, 1], ¦ f (x0 , y0 ) = g(x0 , y0 ).

(6) f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëYŒ‡, lim f 0 (x) = A ∈ R, …éu?Û x ∈ (−∞, +∞) k
x→+∞
f (x + 1) − f (x) = f 0 (x).
y²: f (x) ´‚5¼ê, =•3~ê a Ú b ¦ f (x) = ax + b, x ∈ (−∞, +∞).
26
o
1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 6 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) XJ ∀p ∈ N+ , k lim (an+p − an ) = 0, Kê {an } Âñ.
n→∞
(2) XJ ê fx (x0 , y0 ) Ú fy (x0 , y0 ) Ñ•3, K f (x, y) 3 P0 (x0 , y0 ) ëY.
∞
X X∞
3) XJ?ê un (x) 3«m [a, b] þ˜—Âñ, Kéu?Û x ∈ [a, b], ?ê un (x) ´ýéÂñ .
n=1 n=1
(4) XJ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þ•3 ¼ê, K f (x) 3 [a, b] þŒÈ.
(5) XJ¼ê f (x) 3k•m«m (a, b) þëY, f 2 (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—ëY, K f (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—ëY.
Z +∞ Z +∞
(6) XJ f (x)dx Âñ, … ϕ(x) 3 [a, +∞) þk., K f (x)ϕ(x)dx Âñ.
a a
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 9 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) ¦4•
x1
ex + e2x + · · · + enx

lim .
x→0 n
(2) ¼ê f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëYŒ , OŽÈ©
ZZ
3 1 y 3 1 y 3
x dydz + f + y dzdx + f + z dxdy,
S z z y z
Ù¥ S •I¡ y 2 + z 2 = x2 (x > 0) †¥¡ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 9 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 ¤Œ¤áN L¡, ý
• •.
∞
4 + x2 X (−1)n
(3) ò¼ê f (x) = arctan Ð¤ x ˜?ê, ¿¦?ê Ú.
4 − x2 n=0
(2n + 1)22n+1
∂2f ∂2f 2 2
¼ê f (x, y) 3 D = (x, y)|x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 þäk ê, …÷v = e−(x +y ) . ¦È©

(4) +
∂x2 ∂y 2
ZZ
∂f ∂f
x +y dxdy.
D ∂x ∂y
3. y²e ˆK£z K 13 ©§ 78 ©¤
(1) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] þ Œ , … f 00 (x) > 0, x ∈ [0, 1]. y²é?¿ ê n Ñk
Z 1
n 1
f (x )dx ≥ f ,
0 n+1
(2) ê an ÷v
an−1 + an
a1 = 1, a2 = 4, an+1 = , n = 2, 3, 4 · · · .
2
y²: ê {an } Âñ.
(3) ¼ê f (x) ½Â3 [1, +∞) þ, f (1) = 1, … x ≥ 1 ž, k
1
f 0 (x) = .
x2 + f 2 (x)
π
y²: lim f (x) k•…Ù4• u1+
.
x→+∞ 4
(4) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þ˜—ëY, … ∀x ∈ [0, 1], k lim f (x + n) = 0, y²:
n→∞
lim f (x) = 0.
x→+∞
∞
X ∞
X ∞
X
(5) ®•?ê an ÷v: é?ÛÂñu 0 ê {bn }, ?ê an bn Âñ. y²: ?ê an ýéÂñ.
n=1 n=1 n=1
(6) {fn (x)} •½Â3 [a, b] þ ¼ê , …•3~ê L ≥ 0, ¦ ∀x, y ∈ [a, b] Ñk
|fn (x) − fn (y)| ≤ L |x − y| , n ∈ N+ .
27
y²: (i) e {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þÂñu f (x), K {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu f (x).
(ii) eéu?Û x ∈ [a, b], ê {fn (x)} Ñk., K {fn (x)} •3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñ f .
28
o
1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 6 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) XJ ∀ε > 0, ∃N ∈ N+ , n > N ž, k |an − aN | < ε, Kê {an } Âñ.
(2) XJ¼ê {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—ÂñuëY¼ê f (x), K ∀n ∈ N+ , þk {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þëY.
(3) XJ¼ê f (x) 3 x0 :ëY, …
f (x0 + n1 ) − f (x0 )
lim 1
n→∞
n
•3, K f (x) 3 x0 : m ê•3.

(4) XJ¼ê f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, K ∃ξ ∈ [a, b], ¦
Z b Z b
f (x)g(x)dx = f (ξ) g(x)dx.
a a
(5) XJ¼ê f (x, y) ê3: P0 (x0 , y0 )

, •S•3…k., K f (x, y)3: P0 (x0 , y0 ) ëY.
Z +∞
(6) XJ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ šKëY, … f (x)dx Âñ, K lim f (x) = 0.
a x→+∞
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 9 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) ¦4•
2n+1 n!
lim .
n→∞ nn
(2) OŽÈ© ZZ
(x2 + y 2 − z 3 )ds,
S
Ù¥ S • [−1, 1] × [−1, 1] × [−1, 1] L¡.

(3) OŽÈ©
Z 1
x − x2 dx.

−1
(4) ¦
∞
X (−1)n−1 n−1
x .
n=1
n(n + 2)
Ú¼ê.
3. y²e ˆK£z K 13 ©§ 78 ©¤
(1) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] Sz˜: †m4•Ñ•3, y²: f (x) 3 [a, b] þk..
(2) ¼ê g(x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY, f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY, …
lim [f (x) − g(x)] = 0,

x→+∞
y²: f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY.

X∞
(3) ‘?ê an Âñ, …é?¿ ê n Ñk
n=1
ak ≤ an , ∀n < k ≤ 2n.
y²: lim nan = 0.

n→∞
(4) ¼ê f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þn Œ , … f (x) , f 000 (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þÑk., y²: f 0 (x), f 00 (x) 3
29
(−∞, +∞) þk..
(5) ®•¼ê f (x) 3 [0, b] þŒÈ, … lim f (x) = α, -
x→+∞
Z +∞
F (t) = t e−tx f (x)dx,
0
y²: (i) f (x) 3 [0, 1] Sk…=kü‡":.

Z ξ
(ii) •3 ξ ∈ (0, 1), ¦ f 0 (ξ) = f (t)dt.
0
30
o
1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 6 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) éê {an } ?¿ü‡f {ank } † {amk } þk lim (ank − amk ) = 0, K {an } Âñ.
k→∞
(2) XJ f (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) ÷?¿•• •• êÑ•3, K ê fx (x0 , y0 ) † fy (x0 , y0 ) þ•3.
(3) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY, x → +∞ ž, f (x) ± y = cx + d •ìC‚,K f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜
—ëY.
∞
X ∞
X
(4) XJ?ê an Âñ, ê {bn } ÷v lim bn = 1, K an bn Âñ.
n→∞
n=1 n=1
(5) XJ¼ê f (x) 3«m I þk ¼ê, K f (x) 3 I þÃ1 amä:.
Z X J ¼ ê f (x) 3 Z[a, +∞)
(6) ? ¿ f « m þ Œ È, … é ? ¿ ê ε, B, Ñ • 3 A(≥ a), ¦
A+B +∞
f (x)dx < ε, K f (x)dx Âñ.

A a
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 8 ©§ 40 ©)
(7) ¦4• x
1 1
lim sin + cos .
x→+∞ x x
(8) ¦½È©
Z 2π √
1 + cos xdx.
0
(9) ¦-¡È© ZZ
4xzdydz − 2yzdydx + (1 − z 2 )dxdy.
S
Ù¥ S • z = ey , y ∈ [0, a] 7 z ¶^=˜±/¤ -¡, •• eý.

(10) ¦?ê
∞
X 1
(−1)n
n=0
3n + 1
Ú. p
(11) f (r) • (0, +∞) þ ëYŒ ¼ê, f (1) = f 0 (1) = 1, u(x, y) = f x2 + y 2 ÷v Laplace ^
‡
∂2u ∂2u
+ 2 = 0.
∂x2 ∂y
Á(½ f (r) ¤÷v ‡©•§, ¿¦Ñ f (r) )Ûª.
3. y²e ˆK£1 (12) − (15) K§z K 13 ©§1 (16) − (17) K§z K 11 ©§ 74 ©¤

1
(12) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, ∀x ∈ [a, b], ∃y ∈ [a, b], ¦ |f (y)| ≤ |f (x)|. y²: •3 ξ ∈ [a, b], ¦
2
f (x) = 0.
(13) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þk½Â, lim f (x) •3, q f 0 (x) 3 (a, +∞) þ•3…˜—ëY, Áy²:
x→+∞
lim f 0 (x) = 0.
x→+∞
(14) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þ Œ , … f 00 (x) ≥ 0, f (a) ≤ 0, f (b) ≤ 0. y²:
Z b
2
f (x) ≥ f (t)dt, f x ∈ [a, b].
b−a a
¼ê f (x) 3 Ω(t) = (x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ t2 þëY, S = (x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 = t2 , y²:

(15)
ZZZ ZZ
d
f (x, y, z)dV = f (x, y, z)dS.
dt Ω(t) S
31
(16) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] þëY, Áy²:
Z 1
n π
lim f (x)dx = f (0).
n→∞ 0 1 + n2 x2 2
∞
X
(17) {an } ´üN4~ ê , y²: ¼ê‘?ê an sin nx 3 [0, π] þ˜—Âñ ¿‡^‡•
n=0
lim nan = 0.
n→∞
32
o
1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 6 ©§ 36 ©¤
(1) XJ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þŒÈ, K f (x) 3 [a, b] þ–õkk•‡ØëY:.
(2) XJê {an } üN, … lim (an+1 − an ) = 0, K {an } Âñ.
n→∞
(3) XJ¼ê f (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) ?ëY, ê fx (x0 , y0 ) † fy (x0 , y0 ) þ•3, K f (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) ?Œ‡.
(4) ¼ê f (x) 3 (0, 1) þ˜—ëY, K f (x) 3 (0, 1) þk..
∞
X ∞
X
(5) XJ un (x)(n = 1, 2, · · · ) 3 [a, b] þëY, …¼ê‘?ê un (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—Âñ, K un (x) 3
n=1 n=1
[a, b] þ˜—Âñ.
Z +∞
(6) XJ¹ëCþÈ© f (x, y)dx 3 [a, b] ˜—Âñ, K3 [a, b] þ??ýéÂñ.
a
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 8 ©§ 40 ©¤
(7) ¦e¡È© Š ZZ p
y 2 − xydxdy.
D
Ù¥ D ´d y = x, y = 1, x = 0 Œ¤ µ4ã/.
(8) ¦4•
x1
ex + e2x + · · · + enx

lim .
x→0 n
(9) ¼ê y = y(x), z = z(x) d•§ z = xf (x + y) Ú F (x, y, z) = 0 ¤(½, f ˜ ëYŒ , F äk˜
dz
ëY ê, ¦ .
dx
(10) ¦-¡È© ZZ
(x2 − yz)dydz + (y 2 − zx)dzdx + (z 2 − xy)dxdy,
S
p
Ù¥ S •-¡ z = 1 − x2 + y 2 ²¡ z = 0, z = 1 ¤ Ü©,•• eý.
(11) ¦?ê
∞
X 1 xn
·
n=1
3n + (−2)n n
Âñ•.
3. y²e ˆK£1 (12) − (15) K§z K 13 ©§1 (16) − (17) K§z K 11 ©§ 74 ©¤

Z +∞
(12) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þ˜—ëY, f (x)dx Âñ, y²: lim f (x) = 0.
a x→+∞
(13) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þ˜—ëY, é?¿ x > 0, þk lim f (x + n) = 0, y²: ¼ê f (x + n) 3
n→∞
[0, 1] þ˜—Âñu 0.
a+b
(14) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þ ëYŒ , … f = 0, M = max {|f 00 (x)|}. y²:
2 x∈[a,b]
Z
b M
f (x)dx ≤ (b − a)3 .

24

a
∞
X
(15) (i) y²: ?ê ne−nx 3 (0, +∞) þ??Âñ, š˜—Âñ;
n=1
ex
(ii) y²: (i) ¥?ê Ú¼ê• S(x) = .
(ex − 1)2
→
−
(16) ²¡«• D d1wµ4-‚ L Œ¤, n • L þ?¿˜:? {••þ, u(x, y) ∈ C 2 (D). y²:
ZZ I ZZ
∂u
(u2x + u2y )dxdy = u →− ds − u(uxx + uyy )dxdy.
D L ∂n D
33
∂u
Ù¥ → L« u ÷ →−
n •• ê.
∂−n
(17) ¼ê f (x) 3 (0, +∞) þŒ , … lim [f (x + 1) − f (x)] = 0, y²:
x→+∞
f (x)
(i) lim = 0.
x→+∞ x
(ii) 3 (0, +∞) þ•3üN4Oªu +∞ ê {xn }, ¦ lim f 0 (xn ) = 0.
n→+∞
34
o
1. äe ·K´Ä (§e (‰Ñy²§e†ØÞÑ‡~£z K 5 ©§ 30 ©¤
(1) eé?¿ N , o•3 ε > 0, n > N ž, k |an − a| < ε ¤á, K lim an = a.
n→∞
(2) e¼ê f (x) 3«m I þüN…•3 ¼ê, K f (x) 3 I þëY.
(3) e¼ê f (x, y) 3 (x0 , y0 ) ?÷?¿•• •• êþ•3, K f (x, y) 3T:?ëY.
(4) e¼ê f (x) Ú g(x) 3 (0, 1) Sþ˜—ëY§K f (x)g(x) 3 (0, 1) S•˜—ëY.
∞
X ∞
X ∞
X
(5) e an ≤ bn ≤ cn (n = 1, 2, · · · ) …?ê an † cn ÑÂñ, K?ê bn •Âñ.
n=1 n=1 n=1
Z +∞ Z +∞ Z +∞
(6) e2ÂÈ© f (x)dx † g(x)dx ýéÂñ, K f (x)g(x)dx Âñ.
a a a
2. ¦)e ˆK£z K 9 ©§ 45 ©¤
(7) OŽ4• !
r r r
1 π 2π nπ
lim 1 + cos + 1 + cos + · · · + 1 + cos .
n→∞ n n n n
∂2z

x y
(8) ¼ê z = f xy, +g , Ù¥ f äk ëY ê, g ëYŒ ,¦ .
y x ∂x∂y
(9) ¼ê
x
sin a sin a−sin x
f (x) = lim ,
a→x sin x
¦ f (x) ¤kmä:¿ äÙa..

(10) ¦?ê
∞ X
n
X k
n=1 k=1
2n−1
Ú.
(11) OŽ-¡È©
axdydz + (z + a)2 dxdy
ZZ
p .
S x2 + y 2 + z 2
p
Ù¥ S •eŒ¥¡ z = − a2 − x2 − y 2 þý, a > 0 •~ê.
3. y²e ˆK£1 (12) − (16) K§z K 13 ©§1 (17) K 10 ©§ 75 ©)

(12) ®•¼ê {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þÂñuëY¼ê f (x). y²: {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu f (x) ¿
‡^‡•: é?¿ê {xn } ⊂ [a, b], e lim xn = x0 , Kk
n→+∞
lim fn (xn ) = f (x0 ).

n→+∞
(13) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ , … f (0) = 0, 0 ≤ f 0 (x) ≤ 1, y²Ø ª

Z 1 2 Z 1
f (x)dx ≥ f 3 (x)dx.
0 0
(14) ®•¼ê f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þëY§… lim f (x) = A ∈ R, y²:

x→+∞
(i) f (x) 3 [0,
Z +∞) þk.…˜—ëY;
1 x
(ii) lim f (t)dt = A.
x→+∞ x 0
(15) ¼ê
+∞
(1 − e−xt ) cos t
Z
F (x) = dt.
0 t
35
Áy: F (x) 3 [0, +∞) þëY, 3 (0, +∞) SŒ .
∞
X
(16) ?ê un (x) 3 [a, b] þ??Âñ, z˜‡ un (x) þ3 [a, b] þëYŒ , …•3~ê M > 0, ¦
n n=1 ∞
X X
u0k (x) ≤ M é?¿ x ∈ [a, b] 9 n ∈ N+ ¤á, y²: un (x) 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñ.

k=1 n=1
(17) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ , … f (0) = 0, f (1) = 1, q p1 , p2 , · · · , pn • n ‡ ê, y²: 3 (0, 1) S•
3˜|pÉ ê x1 , x2 , · · · , xn , ¦
n n
X pi X
0
= pi .
i=1
f (xi ) i=1
36

扬哥华东师范大学2009 2018真题汇总

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扬哥华东师范大学2009 2018真题汇总

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