Foundations of Nursing Research 7th Edition Nieswiadomy Test Bank 1

Solution Manual for Foundations of Nursing Research 7th
Edition by Nieswiadomy Bailey ISBN 013416721X

9780134167213
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Nieswiadomy, Foundations of Nursing Research, 7/e

Chapter 8
Question 1
Type: MCSA
What is a set of related statements that describes or explains phenomena in a systematic way?
1. Concept.
2. Theory.
3. Construct.
4. Proposition.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: A concept is a word picture or mental idea of a phenomenon.
Rationale 2: Theory is correct because a theory is a set of related statements that describes or explains
phenomena in a systematic way.
Rationale 3: A construct is the term used to indicate a phenomenon that cannot be directly observed but must be
inferred by certain concrete or less abstract indicators of the phenomenon.
Rationale 4: A proposition is a statement or assertion of the relationship between concepts.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Remembering

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: LO 01. Summarize the key terminology for nursing theory
Question 2
Type: MCSA
A nurse is caring for a client who has just been transferred from the intensive care unit after having open heart
surgery. The nurse wants to use a nursing model, focusing on the person as a total being, as opposed to a medical
model, which focuses on the client’s disease process. Which nursing model theorist should the nurse reference?
1. Orem.
2. Rogers.
3. Roy.
4. Neuman.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Concepts in the Orem model are self-care, self-care agency, self-care demand, self-care deficit,
nursing agency, and nursing system.
Rationale 2: Rogers’ model is unique in that the person is viewed as a unified whole. No parts or subsystems are
separated out.
Rationale 3: Roy has pointed out that nursing focuses on the person as a total being, whereas medicine focuses on
the patient’s disease process.
Rationale 4: Neuman has proposed a model that focuses on the total person. The person or client system
(individual, group, community) is subject to environmental stressors that are intrapersonal, interpersonal, and
extrapersonal in nature.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: LO 02. Compare types and distinguish scopes of nursing theories
Question 3
Type: MCSA
A nursing student is learning the difference between theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Which statement, if
made by the student, indicates the need for further teaching?
1. A theoretical framework presents a broad, general explanation of the relationships between the concepts of
interest in a research study.
2. A conceptual framework helps to explain the relationship between concepts.
3. A conceptual framework is a less well-developed structure than a theoretical framework but may serve as
the impetus for the formulation of a theory.
4. A theoretical framework is based on many existing theories.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: This is a correct description of a theoretical framework; therefore, it demonstrates that the student
has knowledge of the topic.
Rationale 4: A theoretical framework is based on one existing theory, and not many. A conceptual framework
helps to explain the relationship between concepts. Rather than being based on one theory, this type of framework
links concepts selected from several theories, from previous research results, or from the researcher’s own
experiences.
Global Rationale:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Question 4
Type: MCSA
The researcher is planning the work associated with a new project. In which stage of the project should the
researcher consider the theoretical or conceptual framework?
1. In the early stages.
2. In the middle stages.
3. In the late stages.
4. In the post study analysis phase.

Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: In the early stages of a research project, the researcher should consider the theoretical or conceptual
framework for the study. This framework is usually determined after a thorough review of the literature. The
framework helps organize the study and provides a context for the interpretation of the study findings.
Rationale 2: Since Because this framework provides the foundation for the study, it should be considered in the
early stages of the work.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying

Question 5
Type: MCSA
The nurse researcher is conducting research on the effect of homelessness on how often a woman performs self-
breast examinations. Which theory would be of greatest interest to this nurse?
1. Pender’s Health Promotion Theory.
2. Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory.
3. Melzack’s Gate Control Theory of Pain.
4. Benner’s model on novice to expert.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Pender’s Health Promotion Theory focuses on the perceived benefits and barriers to engaging in
health promotion activities.
Rationale 2: This theory deals with illness, not health practices.
Rationale 3: This theory describes a possible process for transmission of pain and does not address health
practices.
Rationale 4: This model deals with the development of a nurse from novice to expert and does not address health
practices.
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: LO 03. Describe how theory is integrated into nursing research
Question 6
Type: SEQ
Place the steps of using the research process to test theory in the correct order.
Standard Text: Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.
Choice 1. Determine implications for nursing based on the explanatory power of the theory.
Choice 2. Select a theory to be tested in the study.
Choice 3. Choose study instruments that are congruent with the theory.
Choice 4. Relate study conclusions to the theory.
Choice 5. Define study variables using the selected theory as the basis of the theoretical definitions.
Choice 6. Make recommendations for future research concerning the designated theory.
Correct Answer: 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6
Rationale 1: The findings of the study are not meaningful until the implications for nursing are identified.
Rationale 2: After reviewing many theories, the researcher must choose one to test.
Rationale 3: The researcher must choose an instrument that will test the hypothesis or research question that is
also congruent with the theory being tested.
Rationale 4: The findings of the study should be described in light of the explanations provided by the theory.
Rationale 5: The chosen theory should be used to define the study variable.
Rationale 6: Most studies result in additional questions or the need for replication of the study in order to support
study findings.
Global Rationale:
Learning Outcome: LO 04. Summarize how nursing theory is developed, tested, and critiqued
Question 7
Type: MCSA
The nurse researcher is considering the relationship between the two variables in a study. What predicts this
relationship?
1. A theory.
2. A concept.
3. A proposition.
4. A hypothesis.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: A theory is a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a
systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and
predicting the phenomena.
Rationale 2: A concept is a word picture or mental idea of a phenomenon.
Rationale 3: A proposition is a statement or assertion of the relationship between concepts, not variables.
Rationale 4: A hypothesis is written to predict the relationship between the variables in the study.
Global Rationale:

Question 8
Type: MCSA
Which statement, made by a research student, indicates understanding of the use of theoretical or conceptual
frameworks in nursing research?
1. “A theoretical or conceptual framework is only necessary when conducting qualitative research.”

2. “Theoretical and conceptual frameworks are not necessary for nursing research unless it is clinical
research.”
3. “A theoretical or conceptual framework is only necessary when conducting quantitative research.”
4. “A theoretical or conceptual framework is always necessary when conducting either quantitative or
qualitative research.”
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Quantitative research should also include a theoretical or conceptual framework.
Rationale 2: Nursing research should always include a theoretical framework whether or not the study pertains to
clinical research.
Rationale 3: Qualitative research should also include a theoretical or conceptual framework.
Rationale 4: A framework for a research study helps to organize the study and provides a context for the
interpretation of the study findings. Either a theoretical or a conceptual framework should be used in all nursing
studies.
Global Rationale:

Question 9
Type: MCSA
The nurse’s research focuses on how a person defends himself or herself from daily stressors. Which theorist’s
work would likely be fundamental to this researcher’s work?
1. Roy.
2. Neuman.
3. Rogers.
4. Orem.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: In Roy’s theory, humans are considered to be biopsychosocial beings in constant interaction with the
changing environment. People are viewed as adaptive systems with cognator and regulator coping mechanisms
that act to maintain adaptation in four response modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and
interdependence.
Rationale 2: Neuman has proposed a model that focuses on the total person. The person or client system
(individual, group, community) is subject to environmental stressors that are intrapersonal, interpersonal, and
extrapersonal in nature. The client is protected from stressors by a flexible line of defense that is dynamic.
Rationale 3: In Rogers’ model, humans and their environment are viewed as two energy fields that are always
open to each other. Each human field is unique, and change is always toward increasing complexity and diversity.
Rationale 4: Concepts in the Orem model are self-care, self-care agency, self-care demand, self-care deficit,
nursing agency, and nursing system.
Global Rationale:

Question 10
Type: MCSA
The A nurse’s research is testing Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings. The researcher has chosen to
study the growing diversity in the individual field pattern of older adults moving to an assisted living centers. The
study predicts that, if these patterns follow Rogers’ theory and are indeed becoming more diverse, the subjects
have a greater chance of adapting well to the move. What kind of reasoning is this nurse using?
1. Deductive.
2. Inductive.
3. Propositional.
4. Grand theory reasoning.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Deductive reasoning proceeds from the general (Rogers’ theory) to specific (older adults adapting
well to moving).
Rationale 2: Inductive processing involves data that are gathered from a real-life situation and the researcher
making a general explanation of that behavior.
Rationale 3: The term propositional statement is used in research to assert the relationship between concepts, not
to describe a type of reasoning.
Rationale 4: Grand theories address a broad range of phenomenon in the environment. This is not a type of
reasoning.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Evaluating

Question 11
Type: MCSA
The staff nurse notices that newly admitted patients appear calmer after the nurse has completed their admission
interview and physical assessment and has discussed their plan of care. The nurse wonders if this is related to
alleviation of fear of the unknown. What kind of thinking is this nurse pursuing?
1. Extension.
2. Inductive.
3. Review.
4. Deductive.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Extension is not a type of thinking.
Rationale 2: Inductive reasoning proceeds from the specific situation (patients appearing calmer) to general
(alleviation of fear of the unknown.).
Rationale 3: Review is not a type of thinking.
Rationale 4: Deductive reasoning proceeds from the general to specific. In this case, the nurse is thinking from
specific (patients appearing calmer) to general (alleviation of fear of the unknown.).
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Evaluating

Question 12
Type: MCSA
Which issue is of concern to nursing?
1. The grand theories of nursing often do not take environment into consideration.
2. The level of theory that drives much research in nursing is generally from other disciplines.
3. The majority of nursing research is guided by grand theories.
4. There are no middle-range nursing theories.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Nursing theorists consider health, environment, person, and nursing.
Rationale 2: Middle-range theories have been shown to be more valuable to nursing research than grand theories.
The majority of middle-range theories used in nursing research are from other disciplines.
Rationale 3: Middle-range theories have been shown to be more valuable to nursing research than grand theories.
Rationale 4: Middle-range theories do exist in nursing.
Global Rationale:

Question 13
Type: MCSA
A nurse is reading a research study that is based upon Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Being model. The nurse
notices that Rogers is not listed in the article references. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
1. This is likely a simple error of omission in the reference.
2. The researcher erroneously identified Martha Rogers as the developer of that model.
3. The researcher used secondary sources to learn about Rogers’ theory.

4. Since Martha Rogers is no longer living, it is not necessary to include her in the reference list.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: This would be a huge mistake in a reference list and is likely not what happened.
Rationale 2: Martha Rogers is the developer of the model.
Rationale 3: Martha Rogers’ theory is well integrated and well- known in nursing research. It is likely this
researcher used secondary sources to learn about the model.
Rationale 4: The researcher should reference all works used, whether the author is living or dead.
Global Rationale:

Question 14
Type: SEQ
The nurse wishes to critique the conceptual framework of a recently published study. Place the steps of this
process in correct order.
Standard Text: Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.
Choice 1. Determine if the theory is from nursing or from another discipline.
Choice 2. Determine if there is a clear explanation of the relationship between the concepts presented in
the study.
Choice 3. Determine if the study findings support the study framework.
Choice 4. Determine if a framework for the study was identified.
Choice 5. Determine if the theory is appropriate for the study.
Choice 6. Determine if the theoretical concepts presented have operational definitions outlined in the
study.
Correct Answer: 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3
Rationale 1: After identifying the theory, it is important to know if it is a nursing theory or a theory borrowed by
nursing.
Rationale 2: The concepts should be clearly presented and their relationship should be clearly described.
Rationale 3: The last step in this critique is determining if the findings of the study support the framework
chosen.
Rationale 4: The first step of this critique is identifying the framework if it exists.
Rationale 5: Appropriateness of the theory for the study is the next step.
Rationale 6: Once the concepts are identified and their relationship described, the researcher should offer
operational definitions for the concepts.
Global Rationale:

Question 15
Type: MCSA
What is true regarding testing of theory in a nursing research study?
1. This is not a purpose of nursing research.
2. Studies generally test several theories at one time.
3. An entire theory is rarely tested in a single research study.
4. Theories are only tested in qualitative studies.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Nursing research is often done for the purpose of testing a theory.
Rationale 2: Each study should test only one theory.
Rationale 3: This is a true statement. Theories are often broken down into parts, with the parts being tested in
different studies.
Rationale 4: Theories are tested in qualitative and quantitative studies.
Global Rationale:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Question 16
Type: MCMA
A nurse researcher is searching for a theory or concepts to use as the framework for an upcoming study. While
conducting this search, which guidelines should the researcher follow?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. It is permissible to use only nursing theories or concepts.
2. Combining theories from more than one nursing theorist is not acceptable.
3. It is sometimes helpful to combine nursing theory with a theory from outside the discipline.
4. Theories from outside nursing can be used if they match the study purpose.
5. It is permissible to skip the identification of a theoretical or conceptual framework.
Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4,
Rationale 1: Many studies are conducted using only nursing theories.
Rationale 2: In some cases, it is best to combine theories from more than one nurse theorist.
Rationale 3: Combining nursing theories with theories from outside the discipline is permissible.
Rationale 4: Theories from outside the discipline can be used as the framework for nursing studies.
Rationale 5: Research should have a defined theoretical or conceptual framework.
Global Rationale:

Question 17
Type: MCMA
A beginning nurse researcher is having difficulty applying nursing theory to practice and learns that this problem
is called the theory-practice gap. The nurse determines to focus personal research on closing this gap. The nurse
should focus on studies that use which types of theories?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Grand theories
2. Middle-range theories
3. Theories from outside the discipline
4. Practice theories
5. Theories from nursing theorists only
Correct Answer: 2, 4
Rationale 1: Grand theories are often complex, hard to understand, and hard to apply to the day-to-day practice of
bedside nursing.
Rationale 2: Middle-range theories are more focused on practice.
Rationale 3: Theories from inside the practice of nursing could be useful to this researcher.
Rationale 4: Practice theories are specifically focused on improving practice.
Rationale 5: Theories from outside the discipline of nursing could be useful to this researcher.
Global Rationale:


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Solution Manual for Foundations of Nursing Research 7th

Edition by Nieswiadomy Bailey ISBN 013416721X

Solution manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-foundations-of-nursing-

Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-foundations-of-nursing-research-7th-

Nieswiadomy, Foundations of Nursing Research, 7/e

Rationale 1: A concept is a word picture or mental idea of a phenomenon.

Rationale 4: A proposition is a statement or assertion of the relationship between concepts.

Cognitive Level: Remembering

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

1. In the early stages.

2. In the middle stages.

3. In the late stages.

4. In the post study analysis phase.

Cognitive Level: Applying

1. Pender’s Health Promotion Theory.

2. Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory.

3. Melzack’s Gate Control Theory of Pain.

4. Benner’s model on novice to expert.

Rationale 2: This theory deals with illness, not health practices.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Choice 2. Select a theory to be tested in the study.

Choice 4. Relate study conclusions to the theory.

Rationale 2: A concept is a word picture or mental idea of a phenomenon.

Cognitive Level: Applying

1. “A theoretical or conceptual framework is only necessary when conducting qualitative research.”

Rationale 1: Quantitative research should also include a theoretical or conceptual framework.

Rationale 3: Qualitative research should also include a theoretical or conceptual framework.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

4. Grand theory reasoning.

Cognitive Level: Evaluating

Rationale 1: Extension is not a type of thinking.

Rationale 3: Review is not a type of thinking.

Cognitive Level: Evaluating

Which issue is of concern to nursing?

3. The majority of nursing research is guided by grand theories.

4. There are no middle-range nursing theories.

Rationale 1: Nursing theorists consider health, environment, person, and nursing.

Rationale 4: Middle-range theories do exist in nursing.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

1. This is likely a simple error of omission in the reference.

3. The researcher used secondary sources to learn about Rogers’ theory.

Rationale 2: Martha Rogers is the developer of the model.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Choice 1. Determine if the theory is from nursing or from another discipline.

Choice 3. Determine if the study findings support the study framework.

Choice 4. Determine if a framework for the study was identified.

Choice 5. Determine if the theory is appropriate for the study.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

What is true regarding testing of theory in a nursing research study?

1. This is not a purpose of nursing research.

2. Studies generally test several theories at one time.

3. An entire theory is rarely tested in a single research study.

4. Theories are only tested in qualitative studies.

Rationale 2: Each study should test only one theory.

Rationale 4: Theories are tested in qualitative and quantitative studies.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. It is permissible to use only nursing theories or concepts.

5. It is permissible to skip the identification of a theoretical or conceptual framework.

Rationale 1: Many studies are conducted using only nursing theories.

Rationale 5: Research should have a defined theoretical or conceptual framework.

Cognitive Level: Applying