Development Across The Life Span 8th Edition Feldman Test Bank Download

Development Across the Life Span 8th Edition
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Chapter 11
ASSESSMENT Physical and Cognitive Development in
GUIDE Adolescence
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

LO 11.1: Describe the Multiple Choice 1-8, 10-12, 14-18, 20- 9, 19, 22, 24 13, 23
physical changes 21
adolescents experience as True/False 89-94
the body reaches Essay
puberty.
LO 11.2: Explain the Multiple Choice 25-30, 32, 34 31 33, 35
nutritional needs and
True/False 96-97 95
concerns of adolescents.
Essay
LO 11.3: Summarize the Multiple Choice 36-37, 39 38 40
ways in which the brain True/False 98
develops in adolescence. Essay 85 86
LO 11.4: Describe how Multiple Choice 41-42, 44 43
cognitive development True/False 99
proceeds during Essay 87
adolescence according to
Piaget.
LO 11.5: Summarize Multiple Choice 45, 47 46
how information True/False 100
processing approaches Essay
explain adolescent
cognitive development.
LO 11.6: Describe how Multiple Choice 49, 51, 53-54 48 50, 52, 55
adolescent egocentrism True/False
affects thinking and Essay
behavior.
LO 11.7: Analyze the Multiple Choice 58, 60, 64, 68-69 56-57, 59, 61-63
factors that affect True/False 101, 103 102
adolescent school Essay
performance.
628
TOTAL
Chapter 11
ASSESSMENT
1.
Physical and Cognitive Development in
GUIDE Adolescence
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

LO 11.8: Describe how Multiple Choice 65, 67 66
adolescents use the
internet. True/False
Essay
LO 11.9: Analyze what Multiple Choice 71 70
illegal drugs adolescents
True/False 106 105 104
use and why.
Essay
LO 11.10: Discuss how Multiple Choice 72-75, 77-78 76
adolescents use and True/False
abuse alcohol. Essay
LO 11.11: Summarize Multiple Choice 79 80-81
how and why adolescents True/False 107
use tobacco. Essay
LO 11.12: Describe Multiple Choice 82-84
dangers adolescent True/False
sexual practices present Essay 88
and how these dangers
can be avoided.
629
Chapter 11
Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
MULTIPLE CHOICE
11-1. Which of the following stages immediately follows childhood and precedes adulthood?
a) adrenarche
b) adolescence
c) puberty
d) young adulthood
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
LO 11.1: Describe the physical changes adolescents experience as the body reaches puberty.
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
11-2. One aspect of the transformation from childhood to adolescence involves a period of very
rapid growth in height and weight called
a) obesity.
b) menopause.
c) growth spurt.
d) maturation.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
630
11-3. Girls begin their growth spurt around age ____, while boys begin their growth spurt around
age ____.
a) 10; 12
b) 12; 10
c) 12; 14
d) 14; 12
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
11-4. Which of the following terms describes the period in which the sexual organs mature?
a) maturation
b) puberty
c) latency
d) growth spurt
Answer: B
Level: Easy
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
11-5. Which gland in the body signals the brain and other glands in children’s bodies to begin
producing sex hormones?
a) testicles
b) ovaries
c) pituitary
d) hypothalamus
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
631
11-6. Male sex hormones are called __________, while female sex hormones are called
_________.
a) estrogens; androgens.
b) androgens; estrogens.
c) testosterones; estrogens.
d) estrogens; testosterones.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
11-7. The _____ gland signals the body to increase production of growth hormones that interact
with the sex hormones to cause the growth spurt and puberty.
a) thalamus
b) thyroid
c) pituitary
d) pineal
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 358-359
Skill: Factual
11-8. What is the term for the onset of menstruation?
a) puberty
b) period
c) maturation
d) menarche
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 359
Skill: Factual
632
11-9. What is the most obvious sign of puberty in girls?
a) increase in height
b) onset of menstruation
c) increase in weight
d) breast development
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 359
Skill: Conceptual
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
11-10. According to research, which one of the following is a factor with regard to the age of
menarche in girls?
a) racial or ethnic background

b) environmental stress and high levels of family conflict
c) eating food that contains animal products
d) age at which her mother’s menarche began
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 359
Skill: Factual
11-11. Which one of the following is true of today’s adolescents as compared to adolescents in
the 19th century?
a) Adolescents are beginning menstruation earlier, around age 11 or 12.

b) Adolescents are exhibiting signs of sexual maturity and puberty much later.
c) Adolescents are exhibiting shorter heights in adulthood.
d) Adolescents are exhibiting advanced levels of intellectual and emotional growth
much earlier.
Answer: A
Level: Medium
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
633
11-12. A pattern of change occurring over several generations is called
a) a primary characteristic.
b) a secular trend.
c) a secondary characteristic.
d) an intergenerational cycle.
Answer: B
Level: Difficult
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
11-13. When physical characteristics, such as early onset of menstruation or increased height and
weight (due to better nutrition), change over the course of several generations, this is an example
of a
a) generational cycle.
b) primary characteristic.
c) secular trend.
d) secondary characteristic.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 360
Skill: Applied
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
11-14. The characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the
body that directly relate to reproduction are called
a) secular trend.
b) menstruation.
c) secondary sex characteristics.
d) primary sex characteristics.
Answer: D
Level: Easy
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
634
11-15. The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs are called
a) primary sex characteristics.

b) secondary sex characteristics.
c) maturation.
d) secular trend.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
11-16. By age 8, _________ Caucasian American girls and ________ African American girls
develop breasts or pubic hair.
a) 1 out of 7; 1 out of 2
b) 1 out of 2; 1 out of 7
c) 2 out of 7; 1 out of 2
d) 1 out of 2; 2 out of 7
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
11-17. In boys, the penis and scrotum begin to grow at an accelerated rate around age ____, and
reach adult size in _____ years.
a) 14; 2
b) 12; 3 or 4
c) 11; 2
d) 10; 4 to 5
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
635
11-18. A primary sex characteristic in boys is
a) pubic, underarm, and facial hair.

b) deepened voices.
c) spermarche.
d) changes in vocal cord and larynx.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 360
Skill: Factual
11-19. The surge in hormone production that triggers the beginning of adolescence may lead to
rapid mood swings. Boys may have feelings of ________, while girls may feel ________.
a) anger and depression; anger and annoyance

b) anger and annoyance; anger and depression
c) anger and annoyance; depression and withdrawal
d) depression and withdrawal; anger and annoyance
Answer: B
Level: Difficult
Page: 360
Skill: Conceptual
11-20. Though early maturation is largely a plus for boys, there are downsides. Which of the
following is a downside to early maturation in a boy?
a) The boy is more likely to have difficulties in finding girls attractive.

b) The boy is likely to feel excluded by peers due to being too masculine.
c) The boy is likely to become involved in substance abuse.
d) The boy is likely to demonstrate early maturity in his nonverbal cognitive
development.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 362
Skill: Factual
636
11-21. Early maturation in girls may result in which of the following?
a) uncomfortable feelings and/or embarrassment at being different than peers

b) admiration from less mature classmates
c) intellectual maturity beyond their peers
d) less popularity and decreased social functioning
Answer: A
Level: Medium
Page: 362
Skill: Factual
11-22. Which of the following plays a big role in how girls experience early maturation?
a) how the mother and daughter get along and communicate

b) cultural and community norms and standards regarding how women should look
c) how the father and daughter get along and communicate
d) how much attention the girl receives from boys
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 362
Skill: Conceptual
11-23. Which of the following groups is the least likely to have difficulty adjusting to late
maturation?
a) tenth grade late-maturing girls

b) late-maturing boys who are shorter and weigh less than their peers
c) late-maturing boys who are shorter and weigh less than their peers but have qualities
such as assertiveness, insightfulness, creativity
d) eighth grade late-maturing girls
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 363
Skill: Applied
637
11-24. Developmentalists suggest that along with early/late maturity, which of the following may
be more pertinent in determining an adolescent’s behavior?
a) IQ development
b) peer groups
c) appearance
d) sexual activity
Answer: A
Level: Medium
Page: 362
Skill: Conceptual
11-25. During the teenage years, the average girl requires ________ calories a day, and the
average boy requires ________.
a) 1,200; 2,000
b) 2,200; 2,800
c) 2,000; 2,500
d) 1,500; 2,000
Answer: B
Level: Difficult
Page: 363
Skill: Factual
LO 11.2: Explain the nutritional needs and concerns of adolescents.
11-26. By drinking milk during their teenage years, girls can consume enough required _______
to avoid ________ later in their lives.
a) magnesium; osteoporosis
b) iron; stroke
c) calcium; osteoporosis
d) Vitamin D; rickets
Answer: C
Level: Easy
Page: 363
Skill: Factual
638
11-27. The most common nutritional concern during adolescence is
a) anorexia nervosa.
b) obesity.
c) bulimia.
d) malnutrition.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 364
Skill: Factual
11-28. What is the ratio of adolescents who can be classified as obese?
a) 1 in 20
b) 1 in 10
c) 1 in 25
d) 1 in 50
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 364
Skill: Factual
11-29. Obese adolescents stand a(n) _____ chance of becoming obese adults.
a) 100%
b) 74%
c) 80%
d) 50%
Answer: C
Level: Difficult
Page: 364
Skill: Factual
639
11-30. Which of the following is least likely to participate in exercise?
a) an 18-year-old African American female

b) an 18-year-old African American male
c) an 18-year-old Caucasian American female
d) an 18-year-old Caucasian American male
Answer: A
Level: Medium
Page: 356
Skill: Factual
11-31. Obesity is a common nutritional concern during adolescence. The availability of fast
foods is a reason for obesity because
a) adolescents are too lazy to eat nutritional food.

b) of high-calorie and high-in-fat cuisine at prices adolescents can afford.
c) cooking at home is not as popular for adolescents as it used to be.
d) adolescents are not educated as to the quality of foods.
Answer: B
Level: Easy
Page: 364
Skill: Conceptual
11-32. Which of the following is the term for a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse
to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of
the ordinary?
a) bulimia
b) obesity
c) malnutrition
d) anorexia nervosa
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 364
Skill: Factual
640
11-33. Meredith is a 17-year-old adolescent female who weighs approximately 82 pounds and is
gaunt and frail, with a skeletal appearance. Although she fears food and eating, she focuses on
food by talking about food, collecting cookbooks, and cooking huge meals for others. Whenever
she looks at herself in the mirror, her perception of her body is distorted in that she thinks she is
disgustingly fat. Meredith is suffering from which of the following disorders?
a) anorexia nervosa
b) obesity
c) malnutrition
d) bulimia
Answer: A
Level: Medium
Page: 364
Skill: Applied
11-34. Which of the following terms relates to an eating disorder characterized by binges on
large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives?
a) anorexia nervosa
b) obesity
c) malnutrition
d) bulimia
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 365
Skill: Factual
641
11-35. Stella is a 16-year-old adolescent female who privately eats large quantities of food but
then purges herself right after consuming the food by vomiting and taking laxatives. Stella is
suffering from
a) anorexia nervosa.
b) obesity.
c) bulimia.
d) malnutrition.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 365
Skill: Applied
11-36. What is the area of the brain that undergoes considerable development during the
adolescent years?
a) myelination
b) cerebral cortex
c) corpus callosum
d) prefrontal cortex
Answer: D
Level: Difficult
Page: 366
Skill: Factual
LO 11.3: Summarize the ways in which the brain develops in adolescence.
11-37. The part of the brain that allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments
in a uniquely human way, and that goes through considerable development during the adolescent
years, is called the
a) corpus callosum.
b) occipital lobe.
c) prefrontal cortex.
d) temporal lobe.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 366
Skill: Factual
642
11-38. Which of the following is the most likely reason for adolescent impulsivity and risky
behavior(s)?
a) ADD/ADHD
b) developing myelination of nerve cells, which makes the transmission of neural
messages more efficient
c) the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature
d) alterations of dopamine sensitivity
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 366
Skill: Conceptual
11-39. How many hours of sleep do older adolescents require for optimal functioning?
a) 9 hours per night; they need to go to bed later and to sleep later in the morning.
b) 8 hours per night; they need to go to bed earlier and to get up earlier in the morning.
c) 7-8 hours per night; they need to go to bed later and to sleep later in the morning.
d) 9 hours per night; they need to go to bed earlier and to get up earlier in the morning.
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 367
Skill: Factual
643
11-40. Mrs. Valdez was concerned that her daughter was not getting adequate sleep and that, as a
result, her daughter was receiving failing grades and suffering from depression. Mrs. Valdez
attended a meeting of other concerned parents. The coordinator of the meeting informed the
parents that
a) adolescents are more mature and do not need as much sleep.

b) with increasing academic and social demands, adolescents are often leading their
lives in something of a sleep-deprived daze.
c) adolescents are more mature than they were in previous years and they should know
how much sleep they need.
d) there is no correlation between sleep and academic performance.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 367
Skill: Applied
11-41. According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is
called the
a) concrete operational stage.

b) preoperational stage.
c) formal operational stage.
d) theory of mind.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 368
Skill: Factual
LO 11.4: Describe how cognitive development proceeds during adolescence according to Piaget.
644
11-42. Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage of development around
age
a) 8.
b) 12.
c) 10.
d) 16.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 368
Skill: Factual
11-43. According to Piaget, what do adolescents employ during the formal operational stage of
development that helps them reason differently than children in the concrete development stage?
a) prefrontal cortex
b) additionally myelinated neurons
c) propositional thought
d) trial and error experience from previous years
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 368
Skill: Conceptual
11-44. While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around
15 years of age, evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational
thinking. Studies show that only _________ of college students and adults achieve formal
operational thinking, and other estimates run as low as _____.
a) 40% to 60%; 25%

b) 30% to 50%; 25%
c) 25% to 50%; 10%
d) 50% to 75%; 40%
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 370
Skill: Factual
645
11-45. The model of development that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and
store information is called
a) concrete operational thought.

b) memory.
c) formal operational thought.
d) the information processing perspective.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 371
Skill: Factual
LO 11.5: Summarize how information processing approaches explain adolescent cognitive
development.
11-46. According to information processing explanations of cognitive development during

adolescence, one of the most important reasons for advances in mental abilities is the growth of
a) myelination in the brain.

b) neural connectivity in the prefrontal cortex.
c) memory capacity.
d) metacognition.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 371
Skill: Conceptual
development.
646
11-47. Which of the following terms relates to the knowledge that people have about their own
thinking processes, and their ability to monitor their cognition?
a) multi-tasking
b) memory
c) metacognition
d) formal operational thought
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 371
Skill: Factual
development.
11-48. When an adolescent’s newly sophisticated metacognitive capability enables him/her to

construct elaborate scenarios about others’ thoughts, this is known as
a) fantasy.
b) adolescent egocentrism.
c) schizophrenia.
d) formal operational thought disorder.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Conceptual
LO 11.6: Describe how adolescent egocentrism affects thinking and behavior.
11-49. The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred
to as
a) formal operational thought disorder.

b) schizophrenia.
c) adolescent egocentrism.
d) fantasy.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Factual
647
11-50. Fifteen-year-old Lawrence thought he had prepared for his final exams; however, when
he got his scores he was disappointed. Rather than reviewing the areas of the test where he did
not fare so well, Lawrence confronted his teacher with a verbal lashing and accused the teacher
of being “out to get” him. Lawrence’s behavior could be considered an example of
a) self-centeredness.
b) a psychological disorder.
d) formal operational thought disorder.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Applied
11-51. Which of the following is a term that relates to an adolescent’s belief that his or her own
behavior is unique and a primary focus of others’ attentions and concerns?
a) adolescent cooperative perception

b) formal operational thought disorder
c) personal fable
d) concrete operational
Answer: B
Level: Difficult
Page: 372
Skill: Factual
11-52. Sally, age 16, primps in front of every mirror she comes across, and believes that she is
the focus of everyone’s attention—even fictitious observers. Sally is demonstrating
a) adolescent egocentrism.
b) imaginary audience.
c) formal operation thought disorder.
d) personal fable.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Applied
648
11-53. Egocentrism leads to a distortion in thinking: the notion that one’s experiences are unique.
This may lead the adolescent to develop
a) mental illness.
b) imaginary audience.
d) personal fable.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Factual
11-54. The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and
shared by no one else is called
a) imaginary audience.
b) personal fable.
d) formal operation thought disorder.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Factual
11-55. Adolescents who engage in risky behaviors such as not using condoms when engaging in
sexual activity and driving recklessly when drunk are exhibiting
a) adolescent postformalism.
b) an imaginary audience.
d) the personal fable.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 372
Skill: Applied
649
11-56. Because independent measures of achievement, such as SAT scores, have not risen in the
past decade, but overall grades in school have risen over the past decade, the most likely
explanation for this is
a) student performance in school has changed for the better, and the students are
demonstrating more achievement.
b) student performance in school has changed for the better because they are cheating
more on tests.
c) instructors have become more lenient, awarding higher grades for the same
performance, known as “grade inflation.”
d) independent measures of achievement, such as the SAT, are harder tests than they
used to be a decade ago.
Answer: C
Level: Difficult
Page: 373
Skill: Conceptual
LO 11.7: Analyze the factors that affect adolescent school performance.
11-57. Which of the following is a factor to consider regarding the gap in educational
achievement between U.S. students and other students around the world?
a) U.S. students spend more time in classes and get less intensive instruction.
b) There is a broader diversity of students in the U.S. when compared to the student
bodies of other countries, where the school population is more homogeneous and
affluent.
c) U.S. parents and students do not care as much about education as do parents and
students from other countries.
d) There are low literacy rates for female U.S. students.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 373-374
Skill: Conceptual
650
11-58. Which of the following countries’ students have the highest academic achievement in
math and science in the world?
a) Japan
b) U.S.
c) Italy
d) Finland
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 373-374
Skill: Factual
11-59. Which of the following is a reason why children from a lower socioeconomic status (SES)
do not do as well in school as children from middle or high SES?
a) Children from middle and high SES groups are born with genetically superior IQ
potential.
b) Children from low SES groups often lack sufficient nutrition and may have more
access to better healthcare through government assistance.
c) Children from low SES groups often attend inadequate or low-performing schools.
d) Children from low SES groups often live in cramped conditions and use advanced
library resources to do their homework.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 367
Skill: Conceptual
651
11-60. Which of the following students is likely to demonstrate the greatest academic
achievement?
a) Caucasian American
b) African American
c) Asian American
d) Hispanic American
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 374
Skill: Factual
11-61. Anthropologist John Ogbu argues that members of certain minority groups may have low
academic achievement because
a) these groups perceive that school success is relatively unimportant with regard to
their success in the workplace because of discrimination.
b) these groups carry genetically inferior intellectual potential from generation to
generation.
c) these groups lack the social, interpersonal relationship, and communication skills to
fully benefit from a formal education.
d) these groups have a higher number of parents who themselves never succeeded
within the educational environment and lack adequate parenting skills.
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 375
Skill: Conceptual
652
11-62. Anthropologist John Ogbu compares the involuntary immigration of Africans as slaves to
America and the motivation to succeed educationally in subsequent generations of African
Americans to
a) the voluntary immigration of Italian-Americans to America and the motivation for

learning and success in subsequent generations.
b) the voluntary immigration of Irish-Americans to America and the motivation for
c) the voluntary immigration of German-Americans to America and the motivation for
d) the involuntary immigration of Koreans to Japan during World War II and the
motivation for learning and success in subsequent generations.
Answer: D
Level: Difficult
Page: 375
Skill: Conceptual
11-63. Researchers have proposed that African American and Hispanic American adolescents
may not fare as well in their academic endeavors because of which of the following reasons?
a) African American students are more apt to view success as a result of internal causes
over which they have control, such as overcoming temporary setbacks by working
harder.
b) African American and Hispanic American adolescents tend to believe that they can
succeed despite poor school performance.
c) African American and Hispanic American students are more likely to subscribe to the
belief that effort will lead to success.
d) African American and Hispanic American students are not born with the intellectual
capacity to succeed academically.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 375
Skill: Conceptual
653
11-64. What is a basic requirement of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in
2002?
a) All students have the right to an education up to age 21.

b) Students must pass designated core curriculum courses in order to graduate from high
school.
c) Every U.S. state must design and administer achievement tests that students must
pass in order to graduate from high school.
d) All schools must hire teachers who have advanced degrees.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 376
Skill: Factual
11-65. What was the result of a study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation regarding
Instant Messaging (IMing)?
a) Cyberspace has a positive outcome on young people.

b) Cyberspace serves as an alternative to substance use.
c) Young people should use caution in what form of media they choose to use.
d) Young people spend an average of 6.5 hours a day with media.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 378
Skill: Factual
LO 11.8: Describe how adolescents use the internet.
654
11-66. While it is clear that the internet is having an impact upon education, schools should
consider changing their curricula to include specific instruction in a key skill for deriving value
from the internet, specifically
a) keyboarding skills.
b) improved communication and written language skills.
c) expertise in hardware and software application skills, specifically installation and
maintenance of computers.
d) the ability to search, choose, and integrate information in order to create new
knowledge.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 378
Skill: Conceptual
11-67. The phenomenon known as the “digital divide” is
a) the difference between students who use the internet for entertainment purposes, such
as movies, games, and gambling, and students who use the internet for schoolwork.
b) the difference between the computer-savvy generation of the past decade compared
to their parents who have less computer experience.
c) the challenge involving socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity, where poorer
adolescents and members of minority groups have less access to computers than
more affluent adolescents.
d) the difference between those educators who believe that computers need to be
integrated more into the curriculum compared to educators who argue for a more
traditional educational experience for students.
Answer: C
Level: Difficult
Page: 379
Skill: Factual
655
11-68. Which of the following is MOST likely to drop out of high school prior to graduation in
the U.S.?
a) a teenaged African American male

b) a teenaged Caucasian American female
c) a teenaged Asian American male
d) a teenaged Hispanic American male
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 377
Skill: Factual
11-69. Poverty plays a large role in determining whether a student completes high school.
Students from lower-income households are _____ less likely to complete high school than are
middle- and higher-income students.
a) two times
b) four times
c) five times
d) three times
Answer: D
Level: Difficult
Page: 377
Skill: Factual
11-70. If a person is called or known as a “garbage head,” that means that
a) the person is of low intelligence and regarded as stupid by his/her peers.

b) the person will try anything, especially any kind of drug.
c) the person has a low regard for society’s values and disregards these considerations
when making decisions about his/her personal behavior(s).
d) the person has an interest and tendency toward pornography and sexual deviancy.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 380
Skill: Applied
LO 11.9: Analyze what illegal drugs adolescents use and why.
656
11-71. Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to
increasingly powerful cravings for them, are known as
a) illegal drugs.
b) recreational use drugs.
c) addictive drugs.
d) prescription drugs.
Answer: C
Level: Easy
Page: 380
Skill: Factual
11-72. What percentage of college students report having an alcoholic drink in the past 30 days?
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 25%
d) 90%
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 380
Skill: Factual
LO 11.10: Discuss how adolescents use and abuse alcohol.
11-73. What percentage of high school seniors report having consumed alcohol by the end of
high school?
a) 75%
b) 52%
c) 48%
d) 37%
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 380
Skill: Factual
657
11-74. For men, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as
a) 10 or more drinks in one sitting.

b) 5 or more drinks in one sitting.
c) 4 or more drinks in one sitting.
d) 3 or more drinks in one sitting.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 381
Skill: Factual
11-75. For women, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as
a) 10 or more drinks in one sitting.

b) 5 or more drinks in one sitting.
c) 4 or more drinks in one sitting.
d) 3 or more drinks in one sitting.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 381
Skill: Factual
11-76. Why is binge drinking more problematic for women than men?
a) It leads to women eating less and becoming malnourished.

b) It leads to more urination and bladder control problems in women.
c) When intoxicated, women are more likely to become the victims of violent crimes
than men.
d) Women tend to weigh less than men, so their bodies cannot absorb alcohol as
efficiently as men and they become drunk more quickly than men.
Answer: D
Level: Medium
Page: 381
Skill: Conceptual
658
11-77. When a student notices conspicuous examples of drunkenness around campus, which
cause him/her to assume that everybody is drinking heavily, and therefore, begins to engage in
binge drinking, it is known as
a) alcoholism.
b) false consensus effect.
c) competition drinking.
d) addiction.
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 381
Skill: Factual
11-78. A person with alcohol problems who has learned to depend on alcohol and is unable to
control his/her drinking is a(n)
a) addict.
b) enabler.
c) dependent.
d) alcoholic.
Answer: D
Level: Easy
Page: 381
Skill: Factual
11-79. Approximately how many cigarettes does an adolescent have to smoke to increase his/her
chance of becoming an addicted and habitual smoker for life?
a) 25 or about 1 pack
b) 50 or about 2 packs
c) 10 cigarettes
d) about a carton of cigarettes
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 382
Skill: Factual
LO 11.11: Summarize how and why adolescents use tobacco.
659
11-80. Which of the following is a reason why adolescents become addicted to smoking?
a) It is seen as a horrible habit and is a grotesque way to commit suicide.

b) It is glamorized by figures in popular culture such as actors in pornographic films.
c) The nicotine in cigarettes is highly addictive.
d) Adolescents think that smoking cigarettes is safer than using illicit drugs.
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 382
Skill: Conceptual
11-81. According to the World Health Organization, how many people globally will die
prematurely in the 21st century due to the effects of smoking?
a) 1 billion
b) 100 million
c) 50 million
d) 10 million
Answer: A
Level: Difficult
Page: 382
Skill: Factual
11-82. Which of the following STIs can be fatal?
a) AIDS and chlamydia

b) AIDS and genital herpes
c) AIDS and human papilloma virus
d) AIDS and gonorrhea
Answer: C
Level: Medium
Page: 383
Skill: Factual
LO 11.12: Describe dangers adolescent sexual practices present and how these dangers can be
avoided.
660
11-83. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include which of the following?
a) athlete’s foot
b) human papilloma virus (HPV)
c) influenza
d) yeast infections
Answer: B
Level: Easy
Page: 384
Skill: Factual
avoided.
11-84. Which of the following STIs was/were recorded by ancient historians?
a) AIDS
b) gonorrhea and syphilis
c) trichomoniasis
d) genital herpes
Answer: B
Level: Medium
Page: 385
Skill: Factual
avoided.
661
ESSAY QUESTIONS
11-85. Briefly explain the changes in the brain that contribute to changes in adolescent thinking.
Answer: The brain supplies an overabundance of gray matter during adolescence, which is later
pruned at a rate of 1% to 2% per year. Increased myelination of the nerve cells makes the
transmission of neural messages more efficient. The prefrontal cortex develops considerably
during adolescence and allows the person to think, evaluate, make complex judgments, and
monitor impulse control. Still, the prefrontal cortex does not fully develop until a person’s early
20s.
Level: Difficult
Page: 365-366
Skill: Factual
11-86. Briefly explain how an adolescent’s thinking is different from that of younger children.
Answer: Unlike children, adolescents are able to think beyond a concrete situation to a variety of
abstract possibilities. They can focus on what might or could be, and are able to keep a variety of
abstract concepts in their heads. They can see in relative rather than absolute terms, and instead
of seeing the world as black-and-white, they are able to see things in various shades of gray.
Level: Medium
Page: 366
Skill: Conceptual
11-87. Briefly describe some criticisms of Piaget’s approach to cognitive development.
Answer: While Piaget believed that all people develop in a universal path and advance from
stage to stage, research indicates that there are significant differences between cognitive
capabilities from culture to culture. Unlike Piaget, many developmentalists argue that these
stages shift and sometimes overlap in a more continuous fashion. Developmentalists argue that
Piaget underestimated the age at which certain capabilities emerge. Piaget had a narrow view of
thinking and knowing, while other developmentalists such as Harold Gardner suggest that there
are various kinds of intelligence that are independent of each other. Some scholars, such as
Lebouvie-Vief, believe that thinking continues to mature into adulthood.
Level: Difficult
Page: 370
Skill: Conceptual
662
11-88. Briefly describe aspects of adolescent drinking.
Answer: Drinking occurs in high schools, and it is a particular problem on college campuses with
both men and women. Binge drinking affects not only the drinker but people around him/her in
that other people are disturbed by drunken students when they’re trying to sleep or study. Many
people are insulted or humiliated by drunken students, and 25% of women say they have been
the target of unwanted sexual advances by drunken classmates. Athletes imbibe as a way of
proving their skill. Others drink to decrease stress. Many people begin drinking because they
view conspicuous examples of drunkenness around them and assume that everyone is drinking,
which is known as the false consensus effect.
Level: Difficult
Page: 382-383
Skill: Conceptual
TRUE/FALSE
11-89. Males only produce androgens, while females only produce estrogens.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 358
Skill: Factual
11-90. All young females begin menarche at exactly the same time.
Answer: False
Level: Easy
Page: 359
Skill: Factual
663
11-91. In poorer developing countries, menstruation begins earlier than in more economically
advantaged countries.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 359
Skill: Factual
11-92. Over the past 100 years, girls in the U.S. and other cultures have been experiencing
puberty at later ages.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 359
Skill: Factual
11-93. Menstruation is the only change in puberty for females.
Answer: False
Level: Easy
Page: 359
Skill: Factual
11-94. Boys’ and girls’ sexual maturation follows the same time course of development.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 359-360
Skill: Factual
664
11-95. The two extremes of nutritional disorders in teenagers are obesity and eating disorders
such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Answer: True
Level: Easy
Page: 363
Skill: Conceptual
11-96. Anorexia nervosa is only seen in adolescent girls.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 364
Skill: Factual
11-97. Anorexia nervosa is prevalent all over the world.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 364
Skill: Factual
11-98. The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed in a person until around his/her early
twenties.
Answer: True
Level: Medium
Page: 366
Skill: Factual
665
11-99. Research indicates that people who live in unsophisticated, non-technologically-based
cultures are incapable of attaining the formal operational stage of thinking, as described by
Piaget.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 369
Skill: Factual
11-100. Adolescents’ ability to reason using formal operations causes a change in their everyday
behavior.
Answer: True
Level: Easy
Page: 368
Skill: Factual
11-101. When U.S. students’ math and science scores are compared to other students in the
world, their math scores fall within the top third in the world.
Answer: False
Level: Medium
Page: 373
Skill: Factual
11-102. One of the most telling indicators of success in education is the relationship between
educational achievement and socioeconomic status.
Answer: True
Level: Easy
Page: 374
Skill: Conceptual
666
11-103. In spite of economic disparity, poor adolescents and members of minority groups have
the same access to computers as affluent adolescents.
Answer: False
Level: Easy
Page: 374
Skill: Factual
11-104. Data over the past few years indicate that drug use overall, including marijuana use, has
declined.
Answer: True
Level: Medium
Page: 380
Skill: Applied
11-105. Male athletes are likely to demonstrate a lower percentage of alcohol consumption
because of health reasons.
Answer: False
Level: Easy
Page: 381
Skill: Conceptual
11-106. Alcoholism has no genetic component.
Answer: False
Level: Easy
Page: 381
Skill: Factual
667
11-107. Recent research figures show that, overall, a smaller proportion of adolescents smoke
than in prior decades.
Answer: True
Level: Easy
Page: 382
Skill: Factual
668
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS
EOM Quiz Question 11.1.1
Secondary sex characteristics are the ____________ that do not involve the sex organs directly.
a) changes in brain structure

b) hormone-induced mood swings
c) visible signs of sexual maturity
d) changes in height and weight
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Topic: Physical Maturation
Skill: Conceptual
For girls, late maturation may initially lead to a relatively low social status, but by 10th grade,
these late bloomers are more likely to ____________ than girls who matured early.
a) have a higher grade-point average

b) be involved in competitive sports
c) be in a serious dating relationship
d) feel a greater satisfaction with their bodies
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
669
For most adolescents, the major nutritional issue is ____________.
a) consuming enough calories to maintain their rapid growth

b) eating more meat than carbohydrates or calcium
c) consuming a sufficient balance of appropriate foods
d) maintaining a body weight that is 20 percent below average
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
Anorexia nervosa is a severe disorder in which ____________.
a) individuals refuse to eat

b) boys are more often affected than girls
c) individuals engage in bingeing and purging
d) lack of exercise leads to obesity
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that _____________.
a) suppresses impulse control in adolescents

b) makes adolescents more sensitive to the effects of alcohol
c) prevents the transmission of neural messages
d) allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
670
Developmental researchers agree that in adolescence, people begin to think abstractly. Piaget
called this the _____________ stage of cognitive development.
a) formal operational
b) abstract logical
c) propositional reasoning
d) hypothetico-deductive
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Topic: Cognitive Development and Schooling
Skill: Factual
According to information-processing approaches, adolescents’ improved cognitive abilities are

primarily due to ___________________.
a) a sudden increase in intelligence and understanding

b) complete mastery of their fine motor skills
c) advances in memory capacity and perceptual abilities
d) rapid increases in self-confidence and assurance
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
development.
671
The ability to know and monitor one’s own thinking processes is called _____________.
a) introspection
b) metamemory
c) autoreferencing
d) metacognition
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
U.S. students may perform worse academically than students in many other industrialized
countries because the United States _____________.
a) is more socially heterogeneous

b) has more grade inflation
c) has less intense coursework
d) all of these
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
According to survey data, young people spend, on average, ________ hours a day using media.
a) 3.5
b) 6.5
c) 8.5
d) 10.5
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
LO 11.8: Describe how adolescents use the Internet.
672
Addictive drugs are drugs that _______________.
a) are sold illegally on the black market

b) adolescents use occasionally to feel more confident
c) produce a biological or psychological dependence
d) foster feelings of extreme paranoia in the user
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Topic: Threats to Adolescents’ Well-Being
Skill: Conceptual
Alcoholics become increasingly able to tolerate alcohol, and therefore they ______________.
a) are better able to control its negative effects than occasional drinkers
b) reduce the damage to their liver and heart over the long-term
c) become more selective about the quality of alcohol they drink
d) need ever-larger amounts to produce the effects they crave
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
Nicotine, the active chemical ingredient of cigarettes, can ______________.
a) produce biological and psychological dependency

b) cause anxiety and, sometimes, bleeding ulcers
c) create a feeling of euphoria and relieve stress
d) lead to severe depression, even suicide
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
673
AIDS, the deadliest of sexually transmitted infections, is transmitted _______________.
a) by touching an infected person

b) through the exchange of bodily fluids
c) through insect bites or stings
d) by using an infected person’s towel
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
avoided.
The most common STI, the human papilloma virus (HPV), can produce _______________.
a) a painful discharge
b) sterility
c) genital warts
d) blindness
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
avoided.
674
EOC Quiz Question 11.1
Maggie experienced menarche at age 12; for her mom, it arrived at age 14. Her grandmother was
nearly 16 when it arrived. This pattern is indicative of __________.
a) more childhood immunizations

b) secular trends
c) the use of growth hormones
d) the mechanism of maturation
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Applied
What percentage of adolescent boys are suffering from anorexia?
a) less than 1 percent

b) 3 percent
c) 7 percent
d) about 10 percent
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
675
Hassan’s dad cannot figure out why his 16-year-old son is such a knucklehead. He is always
trying to skateboard off the roof or race cars on his bicycle. He gets good grades in school—so
why does Hassan do such risky things?
a) high hormone levels

b) desire to impress peers
c) immature brain
d) psychological immaturity
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Applied
Adolescence marks the beginning of Piaget’s __________ stage, the last in the cognitive
development process.
a) concrete operational
b) preoperational
c) postoperational
d) formal operational
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
676
Piaget believed that people resolve the formal operational stage by age 15, but some estimates
show that __________ percent of adults are capable of complete formal operational thinking.
a) 75
b) 60
c) 40
d) 25
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
What best characterizes general intelligence during adolescence?
a) It increases moderately overall.

b) It declines moderately overall.
c) It increases dramatically.
d) It stays stable, but individual mental abilities that underlie intelligence show
dramatic improvement.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
development.
677
What can lead to a “Superman complex” of invincibility in teens?
a) peer pressure
b) imaginary audience
c) personal fables
d) ego inflation
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
Which of the following shows the correct causative hierarchy of developmental concepts?
a) metacognition > adolescent egocentrism > imaginary audience

b) metacognition > imaginary audience > adolescent egocentrism
c) adolescent egocentrism > imaginary audience > metacognition
d) imaginary audience > metacognition > adolescent egocentrism
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
As children progress from elementary school to high school, the impact of low socioeconomic
status on their academic performance __________.
a) stays fairly consistent

b) decreases slightly over time
c) gets cumulatively worse
d) shows a marked increase in high school
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
678
High school dropouts earn how much less than those who complete high school?
a) 42 percent
b) 12 percent
c) 28 percent
d) 57 percent
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
To obtain the full benefits of the World Wide Web, students must obtain the ability to
__________.
a) text and upload selfies

b) search, choose, and integrate information
c) download music and videos
d) follow favorite sports teams
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
LO 11.8: Describe how adolescents use the Internet.
Among the reasons that adolescents use illegal drugs is to __________.
a) escape from the pressures of daily life

b) enjoy the thrill of doing something illegal
c) experience the high the drug brings
d) all of these
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
679
Which of the following would be considered binge drinking for a male?
a) drinking beer all weekend

b) drinking two six-packs of beer in one weekend
c) having five or more beers in one night
d) having three beers at a ball game
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
Which of the following contributes to teen smoking?
a) social sanctions
b) media depictions of smoking
c) wide availability of places that allow smoking
d) high socioeconomic status
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Conceptual
The percentage of adolescents who contract a sexually transmitted infection before graduating
from high school is __________ percent.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 25
d) 50
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
avoided.
680

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Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

11-8. What is the term for the onset of menstruation?

a) racial or ethnic background

a) Adolescents are beginning menstruation earlier, around age 11 or 12.

a) primary sex characteristics.

a) pubic, underarm, and facial hair.

a) anger and depression; anger and annoyance

a) The boy is more likely to have difficulties in finding girls attractive.

a) uncomfortable feelings and/or embarrassment at being different than peers

a) how the mother and daughter get along and communicate

a) tenth grade late-maturing girls

11-28. What is the ratio of adolescents who can be classified as obese?

a) an 18-year-old African American female

a) adolescents are too lazy to eat nutritional food.

a) adolescents are more mature and do not need as much sleep.

a) concrete operational stage.

a) 40% to 60%; 25%

a) concrete operational thought.

11-46. According to information processing explanations of cognitive development during

a) myelination in the brain.

11-48. When an adolescent’s newly sophisticated metacognitive capability enables him/her to

a) formal operational thought disorder.

a) adolescent cooperative perception

a) the voluntary immigration of Italian-Americans to America and the motivation for

a) All students have the right to an education up to age 21.

a) Cyberspace has a positive outcome on young people.

11-67. The phenomenon known as the “digital divide” is

a) a teenaged African American male

11-70. If a person is called or known as a “garbage head,” that means that

a) the person is of low intelligence and regarded as stupid by his/her peers.

a) 10 or more drinks in one sitting.

11-75. For women, binge drinking is a problem and is defined as

a) 10 or more drinks in one sitting.

a) It leads to women eating less and becoming malnourished.

a) It is seen as a horrible habit and is a grotesque way to commit suicide.

11-82. Which of the following STIs can be fatal?

a) AIDS and chlamydia

11-84. Which of the following STIs was/were recorded by ancient historians?

11-87. Briefly describe some criticisms of Piaget’s approach to cognitive development.

11-93. Menstruation is the only change in puberty for females.

11-96. Anorexia nervosa is only seen in adolescent girls.

11-97. Anorexia nervosa is prevalent all over the world.

11-106. Alcoholism has no genetic component.

EOM Quiz Question 11.1.1

a) changes in brain structure

EOM Quiz Question 11.1.2

a) have a higher grade-point average

For most adolescents, the major nutritional issue is ____________.

a) consuming enough calories to maintain their rapid growth

EOM Quiz Question 11.1.4

Anorexia nervosa is a severe disorder in which ____________.

a) individuals refuse to eat

EOM Quiz Question 11.1.5

The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that _____________.

a) suppresses impulse control in adolescents

EOM Quiz Question 11.2.2

According to information-processing approaches, adolescents’ improved cognitive abilities are