SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

A Project Report
On

“PORTABLE BLUETOOTH WAGON”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY-
THARAKRAM D (21BBTEC050)

GUIDED BY-
Prof. Akshatha Bhat
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of ECE,
SoET, CMRU, Bengaluru.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Off Hennur - Bagalur Main Road,
Near Kempegowda International Airport, Chagalahatti,
Bangalore, Karnataka-562149 2022-2023
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Chagalahatti, Bengaluru, Karnataka-562149

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project entitled “Portable Bluetooth Wagon” has been
successfully carried out by Tharakram D (21BBTECO50)”in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of Technology in Making with
Electronics of CMR University, Bengaluru during the academic year 20222023.The
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect
of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

---------------------------- ---------------------------
Prof. Akshatha Bhat Dr. Satheesha T Y
Assistant Professor HOD, Associate Professor
Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE
SoET, CMRU, Bangalore. SoET, CMRU, Bangalore.

Examiners Signature with date:

1.

2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of this project would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, without whose constant
guidance and encouragement would have made efforts go in vain.

I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Satheesha T Y, Associate Professor and Head,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and
Technology, CMR University, Bangalore, for his encouragement that motivated me for the
successful completion of Project work.

I express my thanks to my Internal Project Guide Prof. Akshatha Bhat, Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, School of Engineering and
Technology, CMR University for her constant support.

Tharakram D
21BBTEC050
 ABSTRACT

The Portable Bluetooth Wagon project aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a compact, user-
friendly, and versatile wagon equipped with Bluetooth connectivity. This report provides a
comprehensive overview of the project, including the problem statement, objectives,
methodology, implementation details, and results.
The primary objective of this project was to create a portable wagon that could seamlessly
connect to Bluetooth-enabled devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to enhance
convenience and functionality for users. The wagon's integration of Bluetooth technology
enables wireless communication, data transfer, and remote-control capabilities, expanding its
range of applications and user possibilities.
To accomplish this objective, the project team followed a systematic methodology, including
conceptualization, design, prototyping, and testing. The wagon's design focused on ensuring a
compact form factor, easy manoeuvrability, and robust construction. Bluetooth modules were
integrated into the wagon's control system, enabling bidirectional communication and control
between the wagon and Bluetooth-enabled devices.
Throughout the development process, the project team faced various challenges, such as
optimizing power consumption, ensuring reliable Bluetooth connectivity, and implementing
intuitive control interfaces. These challenges were addressed through rigorous testing, iterative
improvements, and design refinements.
The final prototype of the Portable Bluetooth Wagon successfully met the project's objectives.
It offers users the ability to remotely control the wagon's movements, monitor its status, and
exchange data wirelessly through a dedicated smartphone application. The wagon's compact
size, collapsible design, and versatile features make it suitable for various applications,
including transportation of goods, outdoor activities, and leisure purposes.
Evaluation of the Portable Bluetooth Wagon involved usability testing, performance analysis,
and user feedback surveys. The results indicated a high level of user satisfaction, highlighting
the wagon's convenience, durability, and seamless Bluetooth integration.
 DECLARATION

I Tharakram D (21BBTEC050) student of 4th semester B. Tech, Electronics & Communication

Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, hereby declare that the project
work entitle “PORTABLE BLUETOOTH WAGON” has been carried out by me under the
guidance of Prof. Akshatha Bhat, Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics and Communication, School of Engineering and Technology. This report is
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for award of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics & Communication Engineering, by CMR University, Bangalore during the
academic year 2022-2023. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Place: Bengaluru Tharakram D

Date: 25/5/2023 21BBTEC050
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PAGENO.

NO.
1 Introduction 1
2 Hardware and Software Requirements 3
3 Implementation 12
4 Programming code 14
5 Snapshot of the project 16
6 Results and Conclusion 17
7 Reference 18
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.

NO.
2.1A Arduino Uno 3
2.1B Portable USB Charger 4
2.1C 12V Geared DC Motor 4
2.1D HC-05 Bluetooth Module 5
2.1E L298n Motor Driver 6
2.1F Breadboard 7
2.1G Jumper wires 8
2.1H USB-A to Micro USB Cable 9
2.1I Battery 20000mAh 10
Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

INTRODUCTION

Bluetooth technology has revolutionized the way we interact with portable devices, enabling
seamless wireless communication and connectivity. Portable devices, such as smartphones,
tablets, wireless headphones, fitness trackers, and smartwatches, have become an integral part
of our daily lives, and Bluetooth plays a vital role in their functionality and user experience.

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication standard that allows devices to connect and
exchange data over a short distance. It operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and provides
reliable, low-power communication between devices, making it ideal for portable applications.
With Bluetooth, users can eliminate the hassle of wires and cables while maintaining the
convenience of connectivity.

The key advantage of Bluetooth in portable devices is its ability to create a wireless link
between devices without requiring a dedicated internet connection. This enables easy and
convenient sharing of files, streaming audio, making hands-free calls, controlling devices
remotely, and syncing data between devices. Bluetooth technology also supports various
profiles and protocols that enable specific functionalities, such as the Advanced Audio
Distribution Profile (A2DP) for high-quality wireless audio streaming or the Human Interface
Device (HID) profile for connecting keyboards or game controllers.

Portable devices using Bluetooth offer a range of benefits to users. They provide the flexibility
to move around freely without being tethered to a physical connection. For example, wireless
headphones allow users to enjoy music or take calls without the restriction of tangled cables.
Smartwatches and fitness trackers can seamlessly sync with smartphones, providing
notifications, fitness data, and control over music playback.

The proliferation of Bluetooth-enabled portable devices has led to the development of a vast
ecosystem of accessories and peripherals. From wireless speakers to smart home devices,
Bluetooth connectivity enhances the functionality and versatility of these accessories, enabling
a more integrated and connected experience.

However, it is important to note that Bluetooth has its limitations, primarily related to its range
and data transfer speed. Bluetooth typically operates within a range of 10 meters (30 feet),
which is suitable for most portable applications but may pose limitations in larger
environments. Additionally, while Bluetooth offers decent data transfer speeds, it may not
match the speeds provided by other wireless technologies like Wi-Fi or wired connections.

In conclusion, portable devices utilizing Bluetooth technology have transformed the way we
interact with technology. The wireless connectivity and convenience offered by Bluetooth
enable seamless communication, data transfer, and control between devices, enhancing user
experiences and enabling new possibilities. As Bluetooth continues to evolve, we can expect
even more innovative applications and advancements in the world of portable devices.

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APPLICATIONS

Portable Bluetooth devices have a wide range of applications across various industries
and everyday scenarios. Here are some common applications of portable Bluetooth
devices:

• Audio Streaming: Bluetooth-enabled headphones, speakers, and earbuds allow users to

wirelessly stream audio from their smartphones, tablets, or laptops.

• Wearable Technology: Fitness trackers, smartwatches, and health monitoring devices

often utilize Bluetooth connectivity to sync data with smartphones or other devices.
This enables users to track their physical activity, monitor health metrics, receive
notifications, and control music playback directly from their wearables.

• Home Automation: Bluetooth-enabled devices play a crucial role in smart home

systems. They allow users to control and automate various functions, such as lighting,
thermostats, locks, and security systems, using a smartphone or a central hub. Bluetooth
devices can also communicate with each other to create a connected and integrated
home ecosystem.

• Gaming Accessories: Bluetooth technology is used in gaming accessories like

controllers, keyboards, and mice, providing a wireless gaming experience. It eliminates
the need for cables, allowing gamers to move freely and interact with their gaming
devices more comfortably.

• Location Tracking: They can be used in museums, shopping malls, airports, and other
venues to provide location-specific information, track inventory, or offer personalized
promotions to users' smartphones.

• Automotive Connectivity: Bluetooth is widely used in car infotainment systems,

enabling hands-free calling, audio streaming, and wireless connection with
smartphones. It allows drivers to make calls, listen to music, and access navigation
without taking their hands off the steering wheel.

• Wireless Data Transfer: Bluetooth facilitates wireless data transfer between devices,
making it convenient to share files, photos, and documents between smartphones,
tablets, and laptops. It is often used for quick and easy data exchange between nearby
devices.

• Healthcare and Medical Devices: Bluetooth connectivity is utilized in medical devices

such as heart rate monitors, blood pressure monitors, and glucose meters. It enables
seamless transmission of health data to smartphones or healthcare providers, promoting
remote monitoring and telehealth applications.

• Personal Tracking and Security: Bluetooth-enabled trackers, such as key finders and pet
trackers, help locate lost or misplaced items or monitor the whereabouts of pets.

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2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

(A) ARDUINO UNO

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328P(datasheet). It has 14

digital input output pins (of which 6 are used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller, simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started. You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing
something wrong, worst-case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and
start over again

(B) PORTABLE USB CHARGER

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

A portable USB charger, also known as a power bank or battery pack, is a device that
can store electrical energy and provide it to other devices when needed. It is designed
to charge smartphones, tablets, cameras, and other electronic devices on the go.

The portable USB charger consists of a built-in battery and one or more USB ports for
connecting devices. It typically has a USB input port to recharge its own battery using
a standard USB cable connected to a power source like a computer, wall adapter, or a
solar panel.

When a device needs to be charged, you can connect it to the portable USB charger
using a USB cable. The charger will transfer power from its battery to the connected
device, charging it as if it were connected to a wall outlet or a computer's USB port.

(C) 12 V GEARED DC MOTORS

A 12V geared DC motor is a type of electric motor that operates on direct current (DC) and is
specifically designed to run on a 12-volt power supply. The motor is equipped with a gear
assembly, which consists of gears that are meshed together to provide mechanical advantage
and control the speed and torque output of the motor.

The gearing mechanism in a 12V geared DC motor helps to increase the motor's torque while
reducing its speed. This makes them suitable for applications that require high torque and lower
rotational speed, such as robotics, automation, automotive systems, and other industrial or
hobbyist projects.

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(D) HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

The HC-05 is a popular Bluetooth module commonly used for wireless communication
between electronic devices. It is based on the Bluetooth 2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
standard and offers a simple and cost-effective solution for adding Bluetooth functionality to
various projects.

The HC-05 Bluetooth module allows devices to establish a wireless serial communication link,
enabling data transmission and reception between a host device (such as a microcontroller,
Arduino board, or computer) and other Bluetooth-enabled devices like smartphones, tablets, or
other computers.

The module supports the Serial Port Profile (SPP), which emulates a standard serial
communication interface (UART) over Bluetooth. This means that data can be sent and
received using standard serial communication commands (such as sending and receiving strings
of characters).

The HC-05 module typically operates in slave mode, meaning it can be paired and communicate
with a Bluetooth-enabled master device (e.g., a smartphone or computer) that initiates the
connection. However, it can also be configured to operate in master mode, allowing it to initiate
connections with other Bluetooth devices.

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(E) L298n MOTOR DRIVER

The L298N is a popular motor driver integrated circuit (IC) that provides an easy and
convenient way to control and drive DC motors and stepper motors. It is commonly used in
robotics, mechatronics, and various motor control applications.
The L298N motor driver IC is designed to handle high-current and high-voltage requirements
for motor control. It can control two DC motors or a single stepper motor, allowing you to
control their speed and direction of rotation.
The L298N motor driver is commonly used in hobbyist projects, robotic platforms, motorized
vehicles, CNC machines, and other applications that require motor control. It provides a
convenient and cost-effective solution for driving and controlling DC motors and stepper
motors.

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(F) BREADBOARD

A breadboard, also known as a prototyping board or solderless breadboard, is a fundamental

tool used in electronics prototyping and circuit design. It allows for quick and temporary
assembly of electronic components without the need for soldering.

A breadboard consists of a plastic board with a grid of interconnected metal strips or sockets.
These metal strips are typically made of spring clips or holes that securely hold electronic
components, such as resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits (ICs), and wires. The board is
designed to mimic the layout of a typical electronic circuit, with rows and columns of
interconnected nodes.

The primary purpose of a breadboard is to create and test electronic circuits by simply inserting
the components into the appropriate holes or slots. The metal strips on the breadboard provide
electrical connections between the components without the need for soldering. The components
can be easily inserted, moved, and rearranged to experiment with different circuit
configurations or troubleshoot issues.

Breadboards are widely used by hobbyists, students, and professionals to prototype and test
circuits before committing to a permanent design. They offer a flexible and reusable platform
for circuit experimentation, allowing for quick modifications and iterations.

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(G) JUMPER WIRES

Jumper wires, also known as jumper cables or simply jumpers, are essential components used
to establish electrical connections on breadboards, circuit boards, and other electronic projects.
They are flexible wires with connectors on both ends, usually with male or female header pins
or connectors.

Jumper wires are used to bridge the gaps between different components and nodes on a
breadboard or circuit board. They provide a temporary and convenient way to connect various
electronic components together, such as connecting sensors, actuators, resistors, capacitors, and
integrated circuits (ICs) to create a functioning circuit.

The male-female jumper wires have a male connector (usually a pin or plug) on one end and a
female connector (usually a socket or receptacle) on the other end. These wires are commonly
used to connect components on the breadboard to external devices or microcontrollers.

The male-male jumper wires have a male connector on both ends, allowing for connections
between male headers or pins on a breadboard, IC sockets, or other female connectors.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

(H) USB-A TO MICRO USB

CABLE

A USB-A to Micro USB cable is a type of data and charging cable that features a USB-A
connector on one end and a Micro USB connector on the other end.

The USB-A connector is a standard USB Type-A connector that is commonly found on
computers, laptops, wall chargers, and other USB power sources. It has a rectangular shape
with a flat, rectangular metal contact area.

The Micro USB connector, on the other hand, is a smaller and more compact connector
commonly used for various devices, including smartphones, tablets, digital cameras, portable
hard drives, and many other consumer electronics. It has a trapezoidal shape with a slimmer
profile compared to the USB-A connector.

The USB-A to Micro USB cable is primarily used for data transfer and charging purposes. It
allows you to connect devices with Micro USB ports to USB-A ports on computers or power
sources.

Data Transfer: The cable enables you to transfer data between a device with a Micro USB port
and a computer. This can include transferring files, syncing data, or performing software
updates.

Charging: The cable also allows you to charge devices with Micro USB ports using a USB-A
power source. This includes charging smartphones, tablets, and other compatible devices.

USB-A to Micro USB cables are widely used due to the prevalence of devices with Micro USB
ports, particularly in older smartphones and other electronics. However, it's worth noting that
newer devices are transitioning to USB-C connectors, which offer increased data transfer
speeds and power delivery capabilities.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

(I) 20000 mAh BATTERY

A 20000mAh battery refers to a battery with a capacity of 20000 milliampere-hours (mAh). It

is a measure of the battery's energy storage capacity.

mAh (milliampere-hours) is a unit of measure used to quantify the amount of electrical charge
a battery can hold. It represents the total amount of current a battery can deliver over a certain
period of time.

In the case of a 20000mAh battery, it means that the battery can deliver a current of 20000
milliamperes (or 20 amperes) for one hour before it is fully discharged. Alternatively, it can
deliver a lower current for a longer period of time. For example, a 20000mAh battery could
deliver a current of 1000 milliamperes (or 1 ampere) for 20 hours before being fully discharged.

The capacity of a battery, such as a 20000mAh battery, is an important specification when

considering the runtime or endurance of a device. Higher-capacity batteries can provide longer
usage time before needing to be recharged.

It's important to note that the actual battery life and usage time can vary depending on factors
such as the device's power consumption, operating conditions, and other variables.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

2.2 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Arduino UNO Software

Fig 2.2.a

Arduino UNO/IDE software is an open-source software to which a hobbyist can

connect to the AT mega chips. In this software the code can be written and
uploaded to any AT mega chip and then the code can be executed on the chip.
Many 3D printer's electronics and Arduino-compatible use AT mega chip and
hence the user can upload the program. Arduino can also be used to used firmware
any electronics. Sketch is the window in which the program is to be written.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

A simplified block diagram for a portable Bluetooth wagon:

+-------------------------+
| Portable Bluetooth | |
Wagon |
+-------------------------+
|
|
+----------------------------+
| Microcontroller |
+----------------------------+
|
+-------------------------+
| Bluetooth Module |
+-------------------------+ Explanation
of the components:

Portable Bluetooth Wagon: This represents the overall device, which is a portable wagon
equipped with Bluetooth functionality.

Microcontroller: It serves as the control unit for the Bluetooth wagon. The microcontroller
manages various tasks such as communication with the Bluetooth module, controlling the audio
amplifier, and handling user inputs.

Bluetooth Module: This module enables wireless communication via Bluetooth technology. It
allows the wagon to connect and exchange data with other Bluetooth-enabled devices, such as
smartphones or tablets, for audio streaming or control purposes.

Audio Amplifier: The audio amplifier amplifies the audio signals received from the Bluetooth
module to drive the speakers with sufficient power. It ensures that the audio output is loud and
clear.

Speakers: These are the audio output devices that produce sound based on the amplified signals
received from the audio amplifier. The speakers provide the audio experience for the users of
the portable Bluetooth wagon.

This block diagram represents a basic architecture for a portable Bluetooth wagon, focusing on
key components involved in wireless communication, audio amplification, and sound output.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

The actual implementation may involve additional components and circuitry based on specific
design requirements.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

We used an Arduino Uno and a 5v battery to power the sensors, Bluetooth, and control logic. A
3s LiPo battery was used to power the motors.
A HC-05 Bluetooth module was mounted at the front of the platform for better range. The rest
of the components including a L298N motor driver, PAM-7Q GPS, and HMC6883L compass
were mounted inside and connected to the Arduino through the breadboard. The compass works
with I2C, so we connected the SLC and SDA pins to A5 and A4 respectively. The rest of the
pins were connected through digital I/O. The motors were powered by drilling holes through
the platform and attaching them the L298N motor driver board. The 3s LiPo was connected as
the main power source and we tied the ground together with the Arduino power source for
control logic.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

4. ARDUINO CODE

#define M1H 7
#define M1L 8
#define M2H 9
#define M2L 10
#define M1E 11
#define M2E 12 int
state = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(M1H,OUTPUT);
pinMode(M1L, OUTPUT);
pinMode(M2H,OUTPUT);
pinMode(M2L, OUTPUT);
pinMode(M1E,OUTPUT);
pinMode(M2E, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Default communication rate of the Bluetooth module
//forward()
//backward();
//right();
//left();
}

void loop() {
if(Serial.available() > 0){ // Checks whether data is comming from the serial port
state = Serial.read(); // Reads the data from the serial port
}

if (state == '0') {
forward();

}
else if (state == '1') { backward();
}
if (state == '2') {
right(); }
else if (state == '3') {
left();
}
else if (state=='4'){
digitalWrite(M1E,0);
digitalWrite(M2E,0);
}
}
void forward(){ //Forward
digitalWrite(M1H,1);

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

digitalWrite(M1L,0);
digitalWrite(M2H,1);
digitalWrite(M2L,0);
digitalWrite(M1E,1);
digitalWrite(M2E,1);
}

void backward(){ //backward

digitalWrite(M1H,0);
digitalWrite(M1L,1);
digitalWrite(M2H,0);
digitalWrite(M2L,1);
digitalWrite(M1E,1);
digitalWrite(M2E,1);
}
void right(){ //Forward
digitalWrite(M1H,0);
digitalWrite(M1L,1);
digitalWrite(M2H,1);
digitalWrite(M2L,0);
digitalWrite(M1E,1);
digitalWrite(M2E,1);
}

void left(){ //backward

digitalWrite(M1H,1);
digitalWrite(M1L,0);
digitalWrite(M2H,0);
digitalWrite(M2L,1);
digitalWrite(M1E,1);
digitalWrite(M2E,1);
}

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

SNAPSHOT OF THE PROJECT

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The verification of the described Portable Bluetooth Wagon is performed in a

modest improvised laboratory environment. The greatest attention is paid to the
fact that all measurements are performed in similar conditions as would be
expected in real-life scenarios. In order not to endanger household safety, the
measurements were under supervision of elders and other safety measures. In this
way a sufficient concertation of signals and response to get location is achieved.
the portable Bluetooth wagon project offers a convenient and wireless audio
streaming solution for various applications. It combines the benefits of portability,
wireless connectivity, and built-in speakers to provide users with a versatile and
enjoyable audio experience on the go. With easy setup, wide compatibility, and
user-friendly controls, it offers a hassle-free operation for individuals who desire
a portable audio solution. Whether for outdoor gatherings, picnics, or social
events, the portable Bluetooth wagon enhances the audio experience by
eliminating the need for wired connections and providing a compact and durable
solution. Overall, it is a practical and enjoyable project that caters to the needs of
portable audio enthusiasts.

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Portable Bluetooth Wagon 2023

REFERENCE

https://www.hackster.io/hackershack/make-an-autonomous-follow-me-cooler-
7ca8bc#schematics
https://github.com/HackerShackOfficial/Autonomous-Follow-Me-Cooler
https://chat.openai.com/ https://youtu.be/vGDMpLMkWFg
https://youtu.be/N9_6TP9G610
https://youtu.be/6I5rQfJSmaM

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