NAME: CAMILLE VISTA AMISTOSO PROF. LEONILO C.

ALBINA
COURSE/YEAR/SEC./: BSMB III B SCIENTIFIC DIVING III
LP2
ASSESMENT

A. INSTRUCTIONS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BRIEFLY IN NOT MORE

THAN 5 SENTENCE.

1. WHAT IS THE EQUIPMENTAND APPARATUS USED IN SCUBA DIVING? WRITE

EVERYTHING AND PROVIDE THE USES OF EACH.

BASIC EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION

 A BUOYANCY COMPENSATOR, also called a buoyancy control device, is a

piece of diving equipment with an inflatable bladder which is worn by divers to
establish neutral buoyancy underwater and positive buoyancy at the surface,
when needed.
 SECOND STAGE -The second stage of a scuba regulator is the part that goes
into your mouth. It contains a mechanism that further reduces the intermediate
pressure in the hose coming from the first stage to the surrounding water
pressure, making it comfortable and easy to breathe.
 KNIFE- A dive knife is a general tool that scuba divers occasionally use to cut
entangling fishing line or rap on their tanks to get a buddy's attention. Some
items that fall under this category aren't really knives at all, but are tools designed
for specific uses underwater.
 COMPUTER- A dive computer, personal decompression
computer or decompression meter is a device used by an underwater diver to
measure the elapsed time and depth during a dive and use this data to calculate
and display an ascent profile which according to the programmed decompression
algorithm, will give a low risk of decompression sickness.
 FISRT STAGE- The regulator first stage's main function is to reduce the high
tank pressure to an intermediate pressure that can be utilized by the second
stage and provide air on demand to the diver. Modern regulator first stages are
precision-made and designed to work under demanding conditions wherever
divers care to explore.
 AIR TANK - While it is true that the air in the tank is partly comprised of oxygen,
it is not usually more than is naturally occurring in the air we all breathe, which is
about 21%. The majority of that air is nitrogen, coming in at about 78%, and the
remainder is a mix of argon, carbon dioxide, neon, and helium, to name a few
EQUIPMENT FOR COLD WATER

 MASK- diving mask is an item of diving equipment that allows underwater divers,
including scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers, to see clearly underwater.
Surface supplied divers usually use a full face mask or diving helmet, but in some
systems the half mask may be used. Aside from enabling our eyes to focus
underwater, the dive mask also encloses our noses and allows us to equalize our
ears as we go deeper into the sea, allowing more time underwater to go deeper
and see more marine life. Having a durable, quality and good fitting mask is a
definitely a must for every diver.
 FLASHLIGHT - A dive light is routinely used during night dives and cave dives,
when there is little or no natural light, but also has a useful function during the
day, as water absorbs the longer (red) wavelengths first then the yellow and
green with increasing depth.
 GAUGES- Diving gauges are a necessity for any diver - they keep you aware of
how much air supply you have left, how deep you've gone, and can even tell you
what direction you're traveling in.
 BUOY AND REEL- Also known as diving marker buoys, these safety flotation
devices make scuba diving safer as they let people on the surface see the
general location of divers from afar.These floatation devices are often connected
to a diver by a reel to ensure that the diver is directly below the SMB.
 SHORTIE AND FULL-LENGTH WETSUIT- Full and shorty wetsuits are usually
used for a bit warmer water (greater than 60 degrees), whereas semi-dry suits
and dry suits are generally used for colder water (less than 70 degrees). Our
Dive Suits aren't just for the specialty diver; they're for anyone needing exposure
protection.
 FINS- Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the
ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. Fins
are also used to increase surface areas for heat transfer purposes, or simply as
ornamentation. Fins first evolved on fish as a means of locomotion.
 SNORKEL- A snorkel is a device used for breathing air from above the surface
when the wearer's head is face downwards in the water with the mouth and the
nose submerged. It may be either separate or integrated into a swimming or
diving mask.
 REGULATION- Regulations play an important and necessary role in our society.
They are laws created by government agencies that have been authorized
through acts of congress. The legislative branch passes laws known as statutes
which form the legal basis for establishing new governmental agencies.
 2. IMAGINE THAT YOU ARE A DIVER, DISC RIBE THE CHANGES HAPPENING IN
THE UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENT. COMPARE IT WITH TERRETRIAL
ENVIRONMENT?

ANSWER: As a diver descends into deeper water, the pressure there increases the amount
of gas that enters the tissues of the body. Oxygen is used by cells to generate energy by
converting sugar to ATP. So the excess oxygen is partly used up and converted to carbon
dioxide which is lost by breathing out. Terrestrial ecosystems are ecosystems found only in
land; these include tropical rainforests, deserts, grasslands, deciduous forests, tundra, and
taiga. Aquatic ecosystems are ecosystems found in bodies of water; these include lakes, rivers,
ponds, wetlands, oceans, and seas.

3. IMAGINE THAT YOU ARE A DIVER, DISCRIBE THE CHANGES HAPPENING IN THE
UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENT. COMPARE IT WITH TERRETRIAL
ENVIRONMENT?
( SAME QUESTION TO THE #2)

4. GIVE 5 THING THAT NEEDED T0 CHECK BEFORE GOING TO DIVE

UNDERWATER? EXPLAIN EACH
 Always dive with an alternative air source or octopus- In underwater diving, an
alternative air source, or more generally alternative breathing gas source, is a
secondary supply of air or other breathing gas for use by the diver in an emergency
 Always perform the ABC buddy check before your dive- A buddy check confirms
own your scuba equipment is in good working order. You are also confirming your
buddy's diving equipment is in good working order. The buddy safety check also
confirms you both have your air switched on.
 Only dive if you’re fit to dive- Every dive requires some degree of work and
exercise, which is often greater than the everyday demands on a body. This
intensified muscular activity in turn increases the work of the heart in delivering
oxygen and fuel to the exercising muscles.
 Plan your dive and dive the plan- Scuba diving requires proper preparation before
taking a plunge. Creating a dive plan does not only establish personal safety
guidelines but it can pave the way to a fun, comfortable and successful diving
experience.
 Ascend slowly from every dive- Nitrogen in a diver's body will expand most quickly
during the final ascent, and allowing his body additional time to eliminate this
nitrogen will further reduce the diver's risk of decompression sickness. Divers should
slowly ascend from all dives to avoid decompression sickness and AGE.
5. GIVE ATLEAST 5 THINGS YOU NEED TO DO AND REMEMBER WHILE SCUBA
DIVING UNDERWATER? EXPLAN EACH.
 Never hold your breath- It's dangerous to hold your breath while scuba diving
because if you do, you risk a lung over expansion. A lung over expansion can
lead to a pneumothorax (collapsed lung) or an arterial gas embolism (which can
lead to a stroke).
 Never without a buddy- This system allows the divers to learn from each
other, practice the concept of two being better than one, give assistance, and to
share the experience. The most imperative reason for the buddy system is that a
diver should never dive outside of their training.
 Perform a safety stop at 5-6 metres (16-20 feet)- A safety stop allows a diver
to fine tune his buoyancy before ascending through the final 15 feet of water. ...
This makes controlling buoyancy and the ascent rate more difficult. Allowing time
to pause and regain control can help a diver to maintain a safe ascent rate.
 Know your limits and dive within your limitations- Diving is a potentially
dangerous activity. Proper risk assessment and management is
therefore mandatory, especially for the more complex operations such as those
required for scientific diving. ... The risk of diving equipment failure can be
reduced by proper maintenance and correct use.
 Check your air contents gauge regularly- They measure air tank
pressure and have highly durably plastic casings to protect the inner workings
(resistant to up to 3,000 psi of pressure). Some dive gauges will also have a
small compass integrated into the device as well.