Fiscal Administration 9th Edition John Mikesell Solutions Manual Download

Fiscal Administration 9th Edition by
John Mikesell ISBN 1133594808

9781133594802
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9th-edition-by-john-mikesell-isbn-1133594808-9781133594802/
Chapter 6
6.1 For sketch of Ni see Figure 6.8. Others follow similarly

By Equation (6.2.18)
1
Ni + Nj + N m = [(i + j + m) + (i + j + m) x + [i + j + m)y] (1)
2A
i + j + m = xj ym – yj xm + yi xm – xi ym + xi yj – yi xj
= 2A (by Equation (6.2.9)) (2)
i + j + m = yj – ym + ym – yi + yi – yj = 0 (3)
i + j + m = xm – xj + xi – xm + xj – xi = 0 (4)
By using (2)–(4) in (1), we obtain
Ni + Nj + Nm = 1 identically
6.2 By Equation (6.2.47)
1
p = {d}T [B]T [D] [B] dV{d} – {d}T { f }
2 v
i 0 j 0 m 0
1
[B] = 0 i 0 j 0 m
2A
i i j j m m
ui
[D] = 1 v vi
0 E
315
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in
whole or in part.
1 – v2 uj
, {d} v 1 0
= 1 v
vj
0 0 2 um
vm
0i 0 ii
i
1 1 0
p =
j j
 [ui vi uj vj um vm] v
2 2A 0 j j
m 0 m
0 m m
316
whole or in part.
ui
vi
1 v 0 i 0 i 0 m 0
E 1 uj
v 1 0 0 i 0 j 0 m dV 
1 v2 1 v
2A vj
0 0 2 i i j j m m
um
vm
– [ui vi uj vj um vm] { f }
1 v 0 i
1 1 E 1
= 2 2 i 0 i v 1 0 0 dV ui – f1x
ui 2 2A 1 v 2A v
1 v
0 0 2
i
C
1 v 0 0
= 2C 0 i i v 1 0 i dV vi – f1y
vi v
1 v
0 0 2
i
1 v 0 i
= 2C j 0 j v 1 0 0 dV uj – f2x
ui v
1 v
0 0 2
j
1 v 0 0
= 2C 0 j j v 1 0 i dV vj – f2y
vj v
1 v
0 0 2
i
1 v 0 m
= 2C m 0 m v 1 0 0 dV um – f3x
um v
1 v
0 0 2
m
1 v 0 0
= 2C 0 m m v 1 0 m dV vm – f3y
vm v
1 v
0 0 2
m
i 0 i
0 i i
1 v 0 i 0 i 0 m 0
i 0 j
 = 2C v 1 0 0 i 0 j 0 m
d v
0
j j 1
v
0 0 2 i i j m m m
m 0 m
0 m m
317
whole or in part.
ui f1x
vi f1y
uj f2 x
 dV –
vj f2 y
um f3x
vm f3 y
From Equation (3.10.27) or Equation (6.2.48)
= 0
d
 = B
T
[D] [B] dV{d} – { f } = 0
d v
6.3
(a)
E = 10106 psi
v = 0.25
t = 1 in.
[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]

xi = 0, yi = –1, xj = 2, yj = 0, xm = 0, ym = 1
1 1
A= b h = (2)(2) = 2 in.2
2 2
i = yj – ym = 0 – 1 = – 1
j = ym – yi = 1 – (–1) = 2
m = yi – yj = – 1 – 0 = – 1
i = xm – xj = 0 – 2 = – 2
j = xi – xm = 0 – 0 = 0
m = xj – xi = 2 – 0 = 2
i 0 j 0 m 0
1
[B] = 0 i 0 j 0 m
2A
i i j j m m
318
whole or in part.
1 v 0
E
Since it is plane stress [D] = 2 (1
v 1 0
) v 1
0 0 2
v
 −1 0 −2 
 0 −2 −1
  1 0.25 0 
10 106  2 0 0
So [B]T [D] =  0 
  0.25 1
4 ( 0.9375 )  0 0 2   
0 0 0.375
 −1 0 2
 
 0 2 −1
 −1 − 0.25 − 0.75 
 − 0.5 −2 − 0.375
 
 2 0.5 0  10 106
= 
 0 0 0.75  4 ( 0.9375 )
 –1 − 0.25 0.75 
 
 0.5 2 − 0.375
[k] = t A[B]T [D] [B]
 −1 − 0.25 − 0.75 
 − 0.5 −2 − 0.375
 
10 102.56  1.25
2 0.5 0 
 [k] = (1 in.)(2) 1.25 4.375

1 0.75 0.25

3.625
4 ( 0.9375 )  0 0 0.75 
0.5  −1 2 1.50.75 2.5

0.25 − 0.25 1.25
0.25  
 0.5 2 − 0.375
1 0 2 0 1 0
1
0 2 0 0 0 2
4
2 1 0 2 2 1
i 1 2 j m 3
319
2 or1.5
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, posted to a 0.5 0.25 website, in
publicly accessible
whole or in part.
[k] = 1.333  106 2 1 4 0 2 1
1.5 0.75 0 1.5 1.5 0.75
3.625 1 0.75 1.25 4.375

(b) xi = 1.2, yi = 0, xj = 2.4, yj = 0, xm = 1.2, ym = 1
320
whole or in part.
i = yj – ym = 0 – 1 = – 1
j = ym – yj = 1 – 0 = 1
m = yi – yj = 0 – 0 = 0
i = xm – xj = 1.2 – 2.4 = – 1.2
j = xi – xm = 1.2 – 1.2 = 0
m = xj – xi = 2.4 – 1.2 = 1.2
1
A= (1.2) (1) = 0.6 in.2
2
1 0 1.2
0 1.2 1
1 0.25 0
T 10 106 1 0 0
So [B] [D] = 0.25 1 0
(1.2) ( 0.9375 ) 0 0 1
0 0 0.375
0 0 1.2
0 1.2 0
1 0.25 0.45
0.3 1.2 0.375
8.33 106 1 0.25 0
=
0.9375 0 0 0.375
0 0 0.45
0.3 1.2 0
[k] = t A[B]T [D] [B]
1 0.25 0.45
0.3 1.2 0.375
(1in.) (6in.2 )8.33106 1 0.25 0
[k] =
2(0.6) (0.9375) 0 0 0.375
0 0 0.45
0.3 1.2 0
321
whole or in part.
1 0 1 0 0 0
0 1.2 0 0 0 1.2
1.2 1 0 1 1.2 0
i 1 j 2 m 3
1.54 0.75 1 0.45 0.54 0.3
[k] = 4.44 106 0.75 1.815 0.3 0.375 0.45 1.44
1 0.3 1 0 0 0.3
0.45 0.375 0 0.375 0.45 0
0.54 0.45 0 0.45 0.54 0
0.3 1.44 0.3 0 0 1.44
(c) E = 10  106  = 0.25 t=1
Triangle coordinate definition
0 x 0 This defines an array variable

i= x coordinate is the top
0 y 1 y coordinate is the bottom
2
j= Area of triangle = 1
2
base  height
0
0 1
m= A= (jx – ix) (my – iy)
1 2
A= 1
Develop stiffness matrix
i = jy – my i = –1 i = mx – jx i = –2
j = my – iy j = 1 j = ix – mx j = 0
m = iy – jy m = 0 m = jx – ix m = 2
i 0 i 0
1 1
[Bi] = 0 i [Bj] = 0 i
2A 2A
i j
i i
m 0
1
[Bm] = 0 m
2A
m m
Gradient matrix
[B] = augment (Bi, Bj, Bm)
322
whole or in part.
0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0
[B] = 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 0.5 0 0.5 1 0
Plane stress
Constitutive matrix
E 1 v 0
[D] = v 1
1 v2 1 v
0 0 2
1.067 107 2.67 106 0 
 
[D] =  2.67 106 1.067 107 0 
 0 0 0.4 107 

[k] = t A [B]T D] B] Constant-strain triangular element stiffness matrix
2 107 1 107 8 106 6 106 1.2 107 4 106

1 107 3.5 107 4 106 3 10 6 6 10 6 3.2 10 7
1 8 106 4 106 8 106 0 0 4 106
[k] =
3
6 106 3 106 0 3 106 6 106 0
7 6 6 7
1.2 10 6 10 0 6 10 1.2 10 0
6 7 6 7
4 10 3.2 10 4 10 0 0 3.2 10
6.4 In general we know that
u1
E 1 0 0 0 uv12
{} = 1 v 0  i j m
v 1 0 0 0
2A 0
i j m
(1 v 2 ) 1 v
v2
0 0 2 i i j j m m
u3
v3
(a) For the first element we have
323
whole or in part.
 1 0.25 0   −1 0 2 0 −1 0
10 106 1
x
= 0.25 1 0    0 −2 0 0 0 2
y
(1 − 0.252 )   2(2)  
xy
0 0 0.375  −2 −1 0 2 2 −1
0 
 0.0025 
   6400 psi 
0.0012  
  =  1600 psi 
0  −5000 psi 
x  0.0 
 
 0.0025 
The principal stresses are given by the equations

1 1
2 2 2 2
y x y 2 x y x y 2
xy
1,2 = xy
2 2 2 2
and the plane that are acting upon is
1 xy
p = tan–1
2 x y
2
1
6400 +1600  6400 −1600 2 2 2
1 = +   + ( −5000 ) 
2  2  
= 9546 psi
1
6400 +1600  6400 −1600 2 2 2
2 = −   + ( –5000 ) 
2  2  
1 0 0 0
= – 1545 psi 0 1.2 0 0 0 1.2
−5000 1.2 1 0 1 1.2 0
1
p = tan–1 = – 32.2°
2 ( 6400 2– 1600 )
(b) For the second element we have
x x 1 0.25 0 1 0
10 106 1
y y = 0.25 1 0 
(1 − 0.25) 2
2(0.6)
xy xy 0 0 0.375
0
0.0025
0.0012
324
0 May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
whole or in part.
0.0
0.0025
 x = 10667 psi 
 
=  y = 2667 psi 
 
 xy = −8333 psi 
1
10667 + 2667  10667 − 2667 2 2 2
1 = +   + ( −8333) 
2  2  
1 = 15910 psi
1
10667 + 2667  10667 − 2667 2 2 2
2 = −   + ( −8333) 
2  2  
2 = – 2577 psi
1 −8333
p = tan–1
2 ( 106672−2667 )
p = –32.2°
(c) For third element we have
0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0
1
[B] = 0 1 0 0 0 1
in.
1 0.5 0 0.5 1 0
1.067 10 7
2.67 10 6 0 
  lb
[D] = 2.67 106 1.067 10 7
0
  2
  in.
 0 0 0.4 10  7
u1 = 0.0 in. v1 = 0.0025 in.

u2 = 0.0012 in. v2 = 0.0 in.
u3 = 0.0 in. v3 = 0.0025 in.
u1
v1
u2
{d} = Displacement matrix
v2
u3
v3
Stress evaluation
y = [D] B] d}

xy
325
whole or in part.
 6.4 103 
x
  lb
y = 1.6 103
  2
 3 

in.
xy  −5 10 
Principal stresses
2
x y x – y 2
1 = xy
2 2
2
x y x – y
2 = xy
2
2 2
lb
max = 0.955  104 = 1
in.2
lb
min = – 1.546  103 = 
in.2
Principal angle
2 xy
atan
p =
x y
2
p = – 32.179 deg.
6.5 Von Mises stress for biaxial stress state
(a) 1 = 9546 2 = – 1546
e = 1
2
2
2
1 2 e = 1.041  104 psi
(b) 1 = 15910 2 = –2577
e = 1
2
2
2
1 2 e = 1.734  104 psi
(c) e =
2 2
1 2 1 2
lb
e = 1.041  104
in.2
6.6
326
whole or in part.
327
whole or in part.
i = yj – ym = 30 – 120 = – 90 i = xm – xi = 50 – 80 = – 30
j = ym – yi = 120 – 30 = 90 i = xi – xm = 20 – 50 = –30
m = yi – yj = 30 – 30 = 0 m = xj – xi = 80 – 20 = 60
2A = xi(yj – ym) + xj(ym – yi) + xm(yi – yj)
= 20(– 90) + 80(90) + 50(0) = 5400 mm2
90 0 90 0 0 0
1
[B] = 0 30 0 30 0 60
5400
30 90 30 90 60 0
 1 0.25 0 
105 109 1 0.25 0
[D] = 0.25 1 0  = 1.12  10 11
0.25 1 0
1 − (0.25) 2   0 0 0.375
0 0 0.375
[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]
90 0 30
0 30 90 1 0.25 0
5.4 10– 3 1 90 0 30 0.25 1 0
[k] = (0.01) 3 (1.12  1011) [B]
2 5.4 10 0 30 90 0 0 0.375
0 0 60
0 60 0
90 22.5 11.25
7.5 30 33.75 90 0 0 0
90 0
90 22.5 11.25 1 0 30 0 30 0 60
[k] = 0.56  109 3
7.5 30 33.75 5.4 10 30 90 30 90 60 0
0 0 22.5
15 60 0
8437.5 1687.5
7762.5 337.5 675 1350
1687.5 3937.5 337.5 2137.5 2025 1800
7762.5 337.5 8437.5 1687.5 675 1350

[k] = 1.037  105 337.5 2137.5 1687.5 3937.5 2025 1800
675 2025 675 2025 1350 0
3600
1350 1800 1350 1800 0
(b) Similarly
i = – 5 i = 0
j = 2.5 j = –5
328
whole or in part.
m = 2.5 m = 5
25.0 0 12.5 6.25 12.5 6.25

9.375 9.375 4.6875 9.375 4.6875
15.625 7.8125 3.125 1.5625
[k] = 2.24  107
27.343 1.5625 3.125
15.625 7.8125
Symmetry 27.343
Now solve P6-6c for stiffness matrix

t = 0.01
tA
A = A = 5  10–5
2
[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]
9
1.225 10 3.5 108 1.015 109 7 107 2.1 108 2.8 108
8
3.5 10 7 108 7 107 1.4 108 4.2 108 5.6 108
1.015 109 7 107 1.225 109 – 3.5 108 –2.1 108 2.8 108
[k] =
7 107 1.4 108 –3.5 108 7 108 4.2 108 –5.6 108
2.1 108 4.2 108 –2.1 108 4.2 108 4.2 108 0
8 8 8 8 9
2.8 10 5.6 10 2.8 10 –5.6 10 0 1.12 10
6.7 (a) By Equation (6.2.36)
{} = [D] [B] {d}
Using results of Problem 6.5 (a)
 1 0.25 0 
x
1.121011 90 0 90 0 0 0
= 0.25 1 0 
y −3   0 30 0 30 0 60
540010
xy 0 0 0.375 30 90 30 90 60 0
0.002
0.001
m 0.0005
 10–3
mm 0
0.003
0.001
−2.645 GPa 
 
= −0.078 GPa 
 0.1165 GPa 
329
whole or in part.
− +− 2
−2.645+ −( 0.078) 
2.645 0.078
1,2 =    + 0.1165
2
2  2 
= – 1.86 1.29
1 = – 0.07 GPa 2 = – 2.65 GPa

2(0.1165)
tan 2 p1 = = – 0.091
−2.645 + 0.078
p = – 2.59°
2.5 0 2.5 0
(b) From Problem 6.5 (b)  ’s and  ’s given 0 0 0 5 0 5
11 
1 0.25 0  5 0
x
1.1210 0 5 5 2.5 5 2.5
x
= 0.25 1 0 
y y −6 
2510  0
xy xy  0 0.375
 0.002 
 0.001 
   0 
m 0.0005 = 21.0 GPa 
 10–3    
mm 
 0  16.8GPa
 0.003   
 
 0.001 
+ −
2

0 21.0 21
1,2 =    +16.8
2
2  2 
= 10.5 19.8
1 = 30.3 GPa 2 = – 9.3 GPa
2(16.8)
tan 2p =
0 − 21.0
p = – 29°
(c)
330
whole or in part.
P
l
a
n
e
s
t
r
e
s
s
a
l
s
o
f
i
n
d
v
o
n
M
i
s
e
s
s
t
r
e
s
s
331
whole or in part.
i = – 10 mm i = – 5 mm
j = 10 mm j = – 5 mm
m = 0 m = 10 mm
A = 2.5  10–5 m2
{} = [D] [B] {d}
1 v 0
E
[D] = 2
v 1 0
1 v 1 v
0 0 2
 1 0.25 0 
(105109 N )
m2
 
[D] = 0.25 1 0 
1 − (0.25) 2  1 −0.25 
 0 0 
 2 
1 0.25 0
N
[D] = 112  109 0.25 1 0
m2
0 0 0.375
u1
v1
u2
{d} =
v2
u3
v3
Determine the stresses in the element with nodal displacements listed

u1 = 0.002 v1 = 0.001 u2 = 0.0005 v2 = 0 u3 = 0.003 v3 = 0.001
Here are the coordinates for the element
x1 = 0 y1 = 0 x2 = 0.01 y2 = 0 x3 = 0.005 y3 = 0.01
E = 105  109 v = 0.25
u1
v2
1 v 0
u E
{d} = 2 [D] = v 1 0 [D] = [D]
v2 1 – v2
1– v
u3 0 0
2
v3
332
whole or in part.
1.12 1011 2.8 1010 0 
 
Equation (6.1.8) [D] =  2.8 1010 1.12 1011 0 
 
 0 0 4.2 1010 
Equation (6.2.10)
1 = y2 – y3 1 = – 0.01 1 = x3 – x2 1 = – 5  10–3
2 = y3 – y1 2 = 0.01 2 = x1 – x3 2 = – 5  10–3
3 = y1 – y2 3 = 0 3 = x2 – x1 3 = 0.01
TA = x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2)
TA = 1  10–4 twice the area, Equation (6.2.9)
Equation (6.2.32) combined
1 0 2 0 3 0
1
[B] = 0 1 0 2 0 3
TA
1 1 2 2 2 3
–100 0 100 0 0 0
[B] = 0 – 50 0 – 50 0 100
– 50 –100 – 50 100 100 0
In-plane stresses
{ = [D] [B] {d}
 –1.54 1010   x =  0  x = −1.54 1010
 
{ =  1.4 109   y = 1  y = 4.2109
 
3.15 109  =  = 3.15109
  xy 2 xy
Note: use the left bracket after the sigma then the 0, or 1 or 2 for the values in the sigma
matrix
Principal stresses
1
2
x y ( x – y) 2
1 = xy
2
2 2
1
2
N ( – y)
2
1 = 1.971  109
x 2
sqrt = xy
m2 2
x y
ave =
2
333
whole or in part.
xy
2 = ave – sqrt p = 1 a tan 2
2 x – y
334
whole or in part.
N
2 = – 1.597  1010 p = – 0.179
m2
p = – 10.278° Principal angle
6.8 Von Mises stress
(a) 1 = – 0.07 2 = – 2.65
e = 1
2
2
2
1 2 e = 2.615 GPa
(b) 1 = 30.3 2 = – 9.3
e = 1
2
2
2
1 2 e = 35.87 GPa
(c) 1 = 1.97 GPa 2 = – 15.95 GPa

P6.8c von Mises stress, Equation (6.5.37a)
1
1
vm = ( 1 – 2)
2
2
2
1
2 2
2
N
vm = 1.705  1010
m2
6.9
(a)
Plane strain
i = yj – ym = 1–5 = – 4 i = xm – xj = 2 – 4 = – 2
j = ym – yi = 5 – 1 = 4 j = xi – xm = 2 – 2 = 0
m = yi – yj = 1 – 1 = 0 m = xj – xi = 4 – 2 = 2
0.75 0.25 0 
10106 0.25 0.75
xy = 0 
(1 + 0.25) 1 − 2(0.25)  
xy 0 0 0.25
335
whole or in part.
0.001
0.005
4 0 4 0 0 0
1 0.001
0 2 0 0 0 2
8 0.0025
2 4 0 4 2 0
0
0
−5000 
 
= −15000  psi
−6000 
 
− +− − −− 
2
5000 ( 15000) 5000 ( 15000)
1,2 = +   (−6000)
2
2  2 
= –10000 ± 7813
1 = – 2187 psi 2 = –17810 psi
2(−6000)
tan 2p =
−5000 − (−15000)
p = – 25.1°
(b)
 i = 2 – 4 = – 2 i = 4 – 4 = 0
j = 4 – 2 = 2 j = 2 – 4 = – 2
m = 2 – 2 = 0 m = 4 – 2 = 2
x 0.75 0.25 0 2 0 2 0 0 0
1
y = 16  106 0.25 0.75 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
4
xy
0 0 0.25 0 2 2 2 2 0
336
whole or in part.
0.001
0.005
−5, 000 
0.001  
= −15, 000  psi
0.0025 −7000 
 
0
0
1,2 = −5= 000 −=  −5= 000 −=(−1=
+ (−7000) 2
2
15000 5000) 

2 2
1 = – 1398 psi 2 = –18600 psi

2(−7000)
tan 2p =
−5000 − (−15000)
p = – 27.2°
(c) Given displacements (in.)
u1 = 0.001 v1 = 0.005
u2 = 0.001 v2 = 0.0025
u3 = 0 v3 = 0
u1
v1
u2
{d} =
v2
u3
v3
Material definition
E = 10  106 psi v = 25
Geometry description
i = 0 – 2 (yj – ym)
j = 2 – 0 (ym – yi)
m = 0 – 0 (yi – yj)
i = 0 – 2 (xm – xj)
j = 0 – 0 (xi – xm)
m = 2 – 0 (xj – xi)
1
A= 2 2 A=2
2
337
whole or in part.
i 0 j 0 m 0
1
[B] = 0 i 0 j 0 m
2A
i i j j m m
Plane strain constitutive matrix

1 v v 0
E
[D] = v 1 v 0
1 v 1 2v 1 2v
0 0 2
Stress matrix
{ = [D] B] {d}
 −1 104 
=  
−3  104
 
 −0.7  104 
 
 x = −1104 (psi)
 y = − 3  104 (psi)
 xy = − 0.7  10 (psi)
4
2
x y x y
1 = xy
2
2 2
1 = – 0.7793  104 psi

2
x y x y
2 = xy
2
2 2
2 = – 3.221  104 psi

1 xy
p = atan 2
2 x y
338
whole or in part.
p = – 0.305 (rad)
3 = 0
1
vm = 1 2
2
2 3
2
3 1
2
2
vm = 2.91  104 (psi)
(d)
1 = – 4 1 = 0
2 = 2 2 = – 2
3 = 2 3 = 2
x 0.75 0.25 0 4 0 2 0 2 0
1
y = 16  106 0.25 0.75 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
8
xy
0 0 0.25 0 4 2 2 2 2
0.001
0.005
 −5.5
0.001  
= −8.5 ksi
0.0025 −8.5 
 
0
0
2
−5.5 − 8.5 − + 
1,2 = + ( −8.5)
2

5.5 8.5
 
2  2 
1 = 1.63 ksi 2 = – 15.6 ksi
2 (−8.5)
tan 2p =
−5.5 + 8.5
p = – 40.0°
(e)
1 1 1
339
whole or in part.
1
A= 2 3 2.25
2
3 1 3.25
340
whole or in part.
= 0.375 in.2
 i = 1 – 3.25 = – 2.25  i = 2.25 – 3 = – 0.75
 j = 3.25 – 3 = 0.25  j = 2 – 2.25 = – 0.25
m = 3 – 1 = 2 m = 3 – 2 = 1
{} = [D] [B] {d}
0.75
x 0.25 0 0.75 0.25 0
5  010 0.25 0.75
0.25y 0=.71.6 7
0
0xy 0 0.25 0 0 0.25
0.001
0.005
0.001
2.25 0 0.25 0 2 0
1
 0 0.75 0 0.25 0 1
0.75 0.0025
0.75 2.25 0.25 0.25 1 2
00
x −55.3 
 
y =  −80.67  ksi
−62 
xy  
−55.3+ −( 80.67)  −55.3 +80.67 
2
1,2 =    ( −62 )
+ 2
2  2 
1 = – 4.73 ksi 2 = – 131.3 ksi
1  −1 2(−62) 
p =  tan  = – 39.2°
2 −55.3 + 80.67 
(f) Material properties
E = 10  106 psi Modulus of elasticity.

v = 0.25 Poisson ratio
Nodal coordinates (coordinates defined CCW around element)
x1 = 0 in.
y1 = 0 in.
x2 = 2 in.
y2 = 0 in.
x3 = 1 in.
y3 = 2 in.
335
whole or in part.
Nodal displacements
u1 = 0.001 in.
v1 = 0.005 in.
u2 = 0.001 in.
v2 = 0.0025 in.
u3 = 0 in.
v3 = 0 in.
Set-up displacement vector
{d} = (u1 v1 u2 v2 u3 v3)T
{d}T = (0.001 0.005 0.0001 0.0025 0 0) in.
Area of triangular element ( 12  base  height)
1
A= (x – x ) (y – y )
2 1 3 1
2
A = 2 in.2
Calculate gradient matrix, B, as given in text Equation (6.2.32)
Elements of B given by text Equation (6.2.10).
 1 = y2 – y3  2 = y3 – y1  3 = y1 – y2
 1 = x3 – x2  2 = x1 – x3  3 = x2 – x1
1 0 2 0 3 0
1
[B] = 0 1 0 2 0 3
2A
1 1 2 2 3 3
0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0
1
[B] = 0 0.25 0 –0.25 0 0.5
in.
0.25 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.5 0
Calculate constitutive matrix for plane strain

1 v v 0
E
[D] = v 1 v 0
1 v 1 2v 1 2v
0 0 2
1.2 107 0.4 107 0 
 
[D] =  0.4 107 1.2 10
7
0  psi
 0 0 0.4 107 

336
whole or in part.
x
y = [D] B] {d}

xy
x  −7500 
y =  −22500  psi
 −7000 
xy  
Principal stresses
2
1 = x y x y
xy
2
2 2
1 = – 0.474  104 psi

2
2 = x y x y
xy
2
2 2
2 = – 25.30  103 psi

Angular location of principal stress plane
2 xy
atan
p = x y
p = – 21.513°
6.10
(a)
i = – 15 i = – 10
j = 15 j = 0
m = 0 m = 10
2A = 150 mm2 = 150  10–6 m2
x 0.7 0.3 0 
105 106  0.3 0.7
y = 0 
(1 + 0.3) 1 − 2(0.3)  
xy 0 0 0.2
337
whole or in part.
5.0
15 0 15 0 0 0 2.0
1
0 10 0 0 0 10 00  10–3
150
10 15 0 15 10 0
5.0
0
x −78.75
 
y = −49.2 MPa
 
−8.07 
xy
−78.75+ −( 49.2)  −78.75 +49.2 
2
1,2 =    + (−8.07)
2
2  2 
= – 63.98 ± 16.83
1 = – 47.15 MPa
2 = – 80.81 MPa
2( −8.07)
2p = tan–1 = 28.64°
−78.75 − (−49.2)
p = 14.32°
(b)
x 141.3 60.6 0 
= 109  0 
1
y 141.3
  22510−6
xy  40.35
0.005
0.002
15 0 15 0 0 0
0
 0 0 0 15 0 15  10–3
0
0 15 15 15 15 0
0.005
0
338
whole or in part.
x −47.1 
 
y =  −20.25 MPa
 8.07 
xy
−47.1− 20.5  −47.1 +20.25 
2
1,2 =   +
 (8.07)
2
2  2 
= – 33.66 ± 15.69
1 = – 17.97 MPa 2 = – 49.35 MPa
2(8.07)
tan 2p =
− 47.1 + 20.25
p = – 15.5°
(c)
x 0.7 0.3 0 
 150  
0.3 0.7 0 
1
y =
 
 1.30.4    200
xy
0 0 0.2
5
10 0 2
10 0 0 0
0
 0 10 0 10 0 20  10–3
0
10 10 10 10 20 0
5
0
−41.4 
 
x
y =  −29.25  MPa
6.06 
xy  
− − − + 
2
41.4 29.25 41.4 29.25
1,2 =    + 6.06
2
2  2 
1 = – 26.85 MPa 2 = – 43.95 MPa
339
whole or in part.
p = 1  26.06 
tan–1  
2  −41.4 + 29.25 
340
whole or in part.
p = – 22.5°
(d)
E = 105  109 v=3 t=1

y1 = 0.015 y2 = 0.005 y3 = 0.015
x1 = 0.005 x2 = 0.015 x3 = 0.025
1 = y2 – y3 2 = y3 – y1 3 = y1 – y2
1 = x3 – x2 2 = x1 – x3 3 = x2 – x1
1 [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2)]
A=
2
1– v v 0
1 0 2 0 3 0 v 1 v 0
1 E
[B] = 0 1 0 2 0 3 [D] = 1 – 2v
2A (1 v) (1 – 2v) 0 0
1 1 2 2 3 3 2
[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]

u1 = 0.000005 u2 = 0 u3 = 0.000005
u1
v1 = 0.000002 v2 = 0 v3 = 0
v1
u2
{d} =
v2
u3
v3
{} = [D] [B] {d}

x 0.7 0.3 0 
 105  
0.3 0.7 0 
1
y =
 
 1.30.4    200
xy
0 0 0.2
341
whole or in part.
2
0 0 10 0 10 0
0
 0 10 0 10 0 10  10–3
0
10 0 10 10 10 10
5
0
x −1.575
 
y = 1.05 MPa
 
 5.25 
xy  
x y 2
1 = – 2
xy 2 = x y – x – y xy
2
x y 2 2
2 2
2
−1.575− 1.05  −1.575 +1.05 

2
1,2 =    + (−5.25)
2
2  2 
1 = –5.145 MPa 2 = – 5.67 MPa
1  2(−5.25) 
p = tan–1  
2  −1.575 − 1.05 
p = 38°
6.11
(a)
Equation (6.3.7)
 N1 P0 y 
 
N1 0
 L 
 0 N1 
   0 
t L N 0  P0 y
  N 2 P0 y 
L
  
 
2 L


{fs} = dz dy = t L dy
341
whole or in part.
0
0 0 50 
 0 N2   0 
 N3 0   N3 P0 y 
   L 
a 0 N3  evaluated at x =  0 
y=y  
342
whole or in part.
By Equations (6.3.12) – (6.3.17)
L a x Lx ay ay
N1 = , N2 = , N3 =
2A 2A 2A
0 fs x1 0
fs y1 0
0
1 aL2 f s2 x 1 P Lt
t P0 6 6 0
{fs} = , =
2 aL 0 f 0
2 s2 y
1 aL2 1 P Lt
fs x3 3 0
3
0 fs y3 0
(b)
N1 Px
0
L N 2 Px
{fs} = t dy
0 0
N3 Px a
x
y
0Lx − ay
y ay
Now N1 = 0, N2 = , N3 =
2A 2A
0
0
ay
Lx y 2
L 2A
P0 L
{fs} = t 0
dy
0
ay y 2
2A L
P0 x a
0 y y
Simplifying and integrating
343
whole or in part.
0
0
0
0
L
Lay 3 ay 4 P0 tL
P0 t 3L2 4L2 0 12
{fs} = =
2 1 0 0
2 aL
L P0 tL
ay 4
4
4L2
0 0
0
or
P0 tL
f2x =
12
P0 tL
f3x =
4
6.12
(a)
Py(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Given
2
L L
a b + p1 = p2
2 2
aL2 + bL + p1 = p3
c = p1
p3 – 2 p2 )
( p1
2
L2
(– 3p1 – p3 4 p2 )
Find (a, b, c) →
L
p1
(p ) (1)
1 p3 – 2 p2
a(p1, p2, p3) = 2
L2
(2)
(– 3p1 – p3 4 p2 )
b(p1, p2, p3) =
L
(3)
c(p1, p2, p3) = p1
343
whole or in part.
Forces in y direction at nodes 1 and 3 are
N1 = Ni
L x 1 1
c ( p1 , p2 , p3 ) dx →
2
f s1y = 1– a( p1 , p2 , p3 )x b( p1 , p2 , p3 )x Lp Lp2
0 L 6 1 3
L
= N1 Py (x) dx
x 0
N3 = Nm
L x 1 1
f s3 y = a( p1 , p2 , p3 )x2 b( p1 , p2 , p3 )x c ( p1 , p2 , p3 ) dx → Lp Lp2
0 L 6 3 3
L
= N m Py (x) dx
0
(Special case)
If p1 = 0 p3 = p0
p(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Want
2
x
p(x) = p0 = ax2 + bx + c
L
p0 2
 a= = (p0 – 2p2) using (1)
2 2
L L
344
whole or in part.
2 p0 p0 = 4 p2
–
L2 L2 L2
p0 4 p2
=
2
L L2
p0
p2 =
4
Then
1 0 1 1 p0 p0 L pL
f s1 y = L p1 + Lp2 = L = → Like 6.11 b with f sx =
6 3 3 4 12 12
p0
p 4
0
1 || 1 || 3 p0 L
f s3 y = Lp3 + Lp2 = Lp0 =  f3x in 6.11b
6 3 12 4
(These answers match P6.11 for special case)

(b)
T
{ fs} = Ns [Ts ] ds
s
[Ts ] = Surface tractions
Ts x 0
= = N
Tsy P0 sin L
[Ns] = Shape function matrix evaluated along edge 1-2

Ni 0 Nj 0 Nm 0
=
0 Ni 0 Nj 0 Nm
Let i= 1j= 2m= 3
345
whole or in part.
1
Ni = N 1 =
( i +  i x +  i y)
2A
346
whole or in part.
1
N1(y = 0) = 2 A ( i +  i x)
 i = xj ym – yj xm
= 0(ym) – 0(xm) = 0
 i = yj – ym
= 0 – ym = – ym
1 ym x
N1(y = 0) = (0 – ym x) =
2A 2A
1
N j = N2 = ( j +  j x +  j y)
2A
1
N2( y = 0) = ( i +  i x)
2A
 j = yj xm – xj ym
= 0(xm) – Lym = – Lym
 j = ym – yi
= ym – 0 = ym
1 y
N2 (y = 0) = [– Lym + ym x] = m [x – L]
2A 2A
1
N m = N3 = [m + mx + my]
2A
1
N3(y = 0) = [m + mx]
2A
m = xi yj – yi xj = L(0) – 0(0) = 0
m = yi – yj = 0
 Nm(y = 0) = 0 As expected
N1 0
0 N1
x L z t N2 0 0
{ fs } = x dz dx
0 0 0 N2 P0 sin L
N3 0
0 N3
346
whole or in part.
0
x y xm 0
N1P0 sin L x
0 2A
P0 sin L
x L x L
= t x dx = t 0 dx (A)
0 N 2 P0 sin L
0
2ymA 0 Lx
0 x L0 P sin
x
N P
3 0 sin L 0
2nd term in (A) (ym = y3)
t y3 P0 x L x
 udv = uv –  vdu
fs1y = x dx u=x du = dx
sin
2A 0 L x
x
dv = sin dx v = – cos L
L L
t y3 P0 xL x x L L x
= cos cos dx
2A L 0 L
L
t y3 P0 xL x L2 x
= cos 2
sin
2A L L 0
t y3 P0 L2
= ( 1) 0 0 0
2A
2
fs1y = t y3 P0 L =
t P0 L
2A
1
A= Ly3
2
4th term in (A)
L y3 x y3 x
fs2y = t P0 x sin P0 Lsin dx
0 2A L 2A L
t y3 t y3
= P0 L x P0 L L x
2A x sin dx sin dx
0 L TERM 2A
DONE IN 2nd 0 L
t y3P0 L2 t y3P0 L L x L
= cos
2A 2A L 0
t y3 P0 L2 t y3 P0L L
= [–1 + 1]
2
2A A
347
whole or in part.
t y L2 P
t y P L2 t LP
3 0 3 0 0
fs2y = = =
2A 1
2 L y3
2
f s x1 0
f s y1 t P0 L
f s2 x 0
 fs = = t P0 L
f s2 y
fs x3 0
fs y3 0
6.13
Refer to Section 6.5 for [K]

Since u1 = v1 = 0, u2 = v2 = 0
 0  48 0 28 14 u3
−25, 000 
  75000 5 87 12 80 v3
  =
0 0.91 48 26 u4
  Symmetry 87 v4
 −25, 000 
Solving
u3 = 2.50  10–3 in. v3 = – 1.376  10–2 in.
u4 = – 3.04  10–3 in. v4 = – 1.466  10–2 in.
Using element (1)
By Equation (6.2.36), {} = [D] [B] {d}
348
whole or in part.
6 1 0.3 0 0 0 10 0 10 0
30 10
{} = 0.3 1 0 0 20 0 0 0 20
(0.91)(200)
0 0 0.35 20 0 0 10 20 10
 0 
 0 
 
−3
 2.510 
 −2 
 − 1.37610 
 0 
 
 0
x  4123 
 
y =  1237  psi
−7938
xy  
= 4123 +=  = 4123 −= + (−7938) 2

1,2 = 2
1237 1237 
  
2  2 
1 = 10748 psi 2 = – 5388 psi
−2 7938 
tan–1 
1
p = 
2  4123 −1237 
p = – 40°
10 0 0 0
Using element (2)
0 0 0 20 0 20
1 0.3 60 10 0
30 10 0 10 20 10 20 0
{} = 0.3 1 0
0.91(200)
0 0 0.35
 0 
 0 
 
 − 3.04  10− 3 
 
 −2 
 −1.466 10 
 2.50  10−3 
 
 −1.376  10−2 
x  − 4123 
 
y =  1469  psi
 
xy  − 2062 
− + − − 
2
4123 1469 4123 1469
1,2 =    + (− 2062)
2
2  2 
349
whole or in part.
1 = 2147 psi 2 = – 4800 psi
350
whole or in part.
1  −2  2062 
p = tan–1  
2  − 4123 −1469 
p = 18.15°
6.14
(a)
INPUT TABLE 1. BASIC PARAMETERS
NUMBER OF NODAL POINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUMBER OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS. . . . . . . 1
NUMBER OF SURFACE LOAD CARDS. . . . . . . . . 0
1 = PLANE STRAIN, 2 = PLANE STRESS . . . . . . 2
BODY FORCES (1 = IN – Y DIREC., 0 = NONE) 0
INPUT TABLE 2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
MATERIAL MODULUS OF POISSON’S MATERIAL MATERIAL

NUMBER ELASTICITY RATIO DENSITY THICKNESS
1 0.105E+12 0.3000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.5000E–02

INPUT TABLE 3. NODAL POINT DATA
NODAL
POINT TYPE X Y
1 3 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
2 0 0.5000E+00 0.0000E+00
3 3 0.5000E+00 0.2500E+00
4 3 0.0000E+00 0.2500E+00
5 0 0.2500E+00 0.1250E+00
X-DISP. Y-DISP.
OR LOAD OR LOAD
351
whole or in part.
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.2000E+05 – 0.3464E+05
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
INPUT TABLE 4. ELEMENT DATA

GLOBAL INDICES OF ELEMENT NODES
ELEMENT 1 2 3 4 MATERIAL
1 1 5 4 4 1
2 1 2 5 5 1
3 5 2 3 3 1
4 4 5 3 3 1
OUTPUT TABLE 1. NODAL DISPLACEMENTS, m
NODE U = X-DISP. V = Y-DISP.
1 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
2 0.5624948E–04 – 0.6597062E–04
3 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
4 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
5 0.229959E–04 – 0.206952E–04
OUTPUT TABLE 2. STRESSES AT ELEMENT CENTROIDS
ELEMENT X Y SIGMA (X) SIGMA (Y) TAU (X, Y)

1 0.083 0.125 0.0613E+07 3.1840E+06 3.3431E+06
2 0.250 0.042 1.6384E+07 1.5239E+07 – 6.9854E+06
3 0.417 0.125 1.1502E+07 3.1158E+07 –1.1072E+07
4 0.250 0.208 5.7310E+06 1.9103E+07 –7.4294E+06
SIGMA (1) SIGMA (2) ANGLE
1.1896E+07 1.9012E+06 2.0993E+01
2.2820E+07 8.8026E+06 – 4.2657E+01
3.6135E+07 6.5251E+06 – 6.5798E+01
2.2412E+07 2.4221E+06 – 6.5993E+01
(c)
352
whole or in part.
INPUT TABLE 1. BASIC PARAMETERS
NUMBER OF NODAL POINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUMBER OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS. . . . . . . 1
NUMBER OF SURFACE LOAD CARDS. . . . . . . . . 0
1 = PLANE STRAIN, 2 = PLANE STRESS . . . . . . 2
BODY FORCES (1 = IN – Y DIREC., 0 = NONE) 0
INPUT TABLE 2. MATERAL PROPERTIES
MATERIAL MODULUS OF POISSON’S MATERIAL MATERIAL

NUMBER ELASTICITY RATIO, DENISTY THICKNESS
1 0.105E+12 0.3000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.5000E–02
INPUT TABLE 3. NODAL POINT DATA
POINT TYPE X Y
1 0 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
2 0 0.4000E+00 0.0000E+00
3 3 0.4000E+00 0.4000E+00
4 3 0.0000E+00 0.4000E+00
5 0 0.2000E+00 0.2000E+00
OR LOAD OR LOAD
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00 –0.3000E+05
INPUT TABLE 4. ELEMENT DATA
353
whole or in part.
GLOBAL INDICES OF ELEMENT NODES
ELEMENT 1 2 3 4 MATERIAL
1 1 2 5 5 1
2 2 3 5 5 .1
3 3 4 5 5 1
4 4 1 5 5 –.1
OUTPUT TABLE 1. NODAL DISPLACEMENTS (m)
NODE U = X–DISP.
V = Y–DISP.
1 – 0.3303082E–05
– 0.25009076E–04
2 – 0.2500907E–04
0.33030884E–05
3 0.00000000E+00
0.00000000E+00
4 0.00000000E+00
0.00000000E+00
5 – 0.32558982E–04
0.27411561E–12
N
OUTPUT TABLE 2. STRESSES AT ELEMENT CENTROIDS
m2
ELEMENT X Y SIGMA(X) SIGMA(Y) TAU(X, Y)

1 0.20 0.07 5.9891E+05 –3.7840E+06 4.0454E–01
2 0.33 0.20 3.1171E+06 7.5000E+06 3.7160E+06
3 0.20 0.33 5.6352E+06 1.8784E+07 –1.1070E–01
4 0.07 0.20 3.1171E+06 7.5000E+06 –3.7160E+06
SIGMA(1) SIGMA(2) ANGLE

5.9891E+05 –3.7840E+06 5.2883E–06
9.6226E+06 9.9449E+05 6.0265E+01
1.8784E+07 5.6352E+06 –9.0000E+01
9.6226E+06 9.9449E+05 –6.0265E+01
354
whole or in part.
6.15
354
whole or in part.
355
whole or in part.
6.16
(a)
 kN 
F = (0.5 m ) (0.25 m ) (0.005 m ) 154.2  = 0.0964 kN
 m3 
f1 = f2 = f3 = f4 =
– 12 (0.25)(0.25)(0.005) 154.2 ( kN
m3 )11000
kN 
(2)
N
= – 16.06 N
3
f5 = (2)  f1 = 32.12 N 
f5y = –32.12 N 
(c)
Equation (6.3.6)
356
whole or in part.
f B(1)x1
(1)  0   0 
fB y1
154.2  10.28
(1)    
f B2 x
 0  (0.4 m)(0.2 m)(0.005 m)  0 
–3
(1) =   =   10 kN
f B2 y 154.2  (2) (3) 10.28 
 0   0 
(1)
fB x5
   
154.2 10.28
f B(1)y5
All body force matrices for each element identical to above

Adding the 4 element body force matrices
fB x1
 0 
fB y1 20.56 
 
f B2 x  0 
f B2 y  
20.56 
fB x3  0 
{FB} = =  N
fB y3 20.56 
f B4 x  0 
 
f B4 y 20.56 
 0 
fB x5  
fB  41.12
y5
6.17 The triangular element is called a constant strain triangle (CST) because the strain is
constant throughout the element.
6.18 The stresses are also constant as the strains are constant.
6.19 a. No, bending in the plane takes place
b. Yes, a plane strain problem
c. Yes, a plane stress problem
d. Yes, loads in-plane of the rod, a plane stress problem
e. Yes, a plane strain problem
f. Yes, a plane stress problem
g. No, loads out of the plane of the wrench
h. Yes, as loads in the plane
i. No, bending in the plane takes place
6.20 We must connect the beam element to two or more nodes of a plane stress element. The
beam must be along the edge of the plane stress element.
6.21
357
whole or in part.
nb = n0 (m + 1)
(a) nb = 2(3 + 1) = 8
(b) nb = 2(5 + 1) = 12
for model (a) model(b)
nb 8 nb 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 00 0
Symmetry
0 0
Symmetry
6.22
By (6.2.10)
b 2b h bh 2A
i = xjym – yjxm = (0) =
2 3 3 3 3
h b 2h bh 2A
j = (0) – =
3 2 3 3 3
b h h b bh 2A
m = =
2 3 3 2 3 3
358
whole or in part.
T Xb 1 2A = 1 and Nj = Nm = 1
 {fB} = N dV Ni =
v Yb 2A 3 3 3
or
Ni 0 Xb
{ fbi } = dV
v 0 Ni Yb
1 Xb
3
= 1 tdA
v 0 Yb
3
Xb V
{ fbi } =
Yb 3
Similarly
Xb V
{ fb j } = {fbm} = (6.3.6)
Yb 3
6.25
b x h y b x h y
N1 = , N2 =
4bh 4bh
b x h y b x h y
N3 = , N4 = (1)
4bh 4bh
at center (x = 0, y = 0)
1 1 1 1
N1 = , N2 = , N3 = , N4 =
4 4 4 4
N1 + N2 + N3 + N 4 = 1
b h
at point x ,y
2 2
b b h
2 h 2 1
N1 = =
4bh 16
3 9 3
N2 = , N3 = , N4 =
16 16 16
359
whole or in part.
 N1 + N2 + N3 + N 4 = 1
360
whole or in part.
In general add the functions in Equation (1) and you get for all x and y on the element
N1 + N2 + N3 + N 4 = 1
6.26
{} = [D] [B] {d}
(h y) 0 h y 0 h y 0 h y 0
1
[B] = 0 b x 0 b x 0 b x 0 b x
4bh
b x h y b x h y b x h y b x h y
At center (x = 0, y = 0)
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1
[B] = 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2
8
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
0
0
0.005
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0.0025
{ } = 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2
8 0.0025
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
0.0025
0
0
x 0.0009375
in.
{} = y = 0.00125
in.
xy 0.000625
{} = [D] {}
6 1 0.3 0 0.0009375
30 10
= 0.3 1 0 0.00125
1 0.32
0 0 0.35 0.000625
361
whole or in part.
x 18.54
y = 31.94 ksi
xy 7.21
361
whole or in part.
362
whole or in part.

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Fiscal Administration 9th Edition by

John Mikesell ISBN 1133594808

6.1 For sketch of Ni see Figure 6.8. Others follow similarly

From Equation (3.10.27) or Equation (6.2.48)

[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]

0.5  −1 2 1.50.75 2.5

3.625 1 0.75 1.25 4.375

[k] = t A[B]T [D] [B]

0 x 0 This defines an array variable

[k] = t A [B]T D] B] Constant-strain triangular element stiffness matrix

2 107 1 107 8 106 6 106 1.2 107 4 106

6.4 In general we know that

(a) For the first element we have

The principal stresses are given by the equations

u1 = 0.0 in. v1 = 0.0025 in.

y = [D] B] d}

[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]

7762.5 337.5 8437.5 1687.5 675 1350

25.0 0 12.5 6.25 12.5 6.25

Now solve P6-6c for stiffness matrix

1 = – 0.07 GPa 2 = – 2.65 GPa

Determine the stresses in the element with nodal displacements listed

(b) 1 = 30.3 2 = – 9.3

(c) 1 = 1.97 GPa 2 = – 15.95 GPa

1 = – 1398 psi 2 = –18600 psi

Plane strain constitutive matrix

1 = – 0.7793  104 psi

2 = – 3.221  104 psi

 i = 1 – 3.25 = – 2.25  i = 2.25 – 3 = – 0.75

 j = 3.25 – 3 = 0.25  j = 2 – 2.25 = – 0.25

{} = [D] [B] {d}

E = 10  106 psi Modulus of elasticity.

Area of triangular element ( 12  base  height)

Calculate constitutive matrix for plane strain

y = [D] B] {d}

1 = – 0.474  104 psi

2 = – 25.30  103 psi

E = 105  109 v=3 t=1

[k] = t A [B]T [D] [B]

{} = [D] [B] {d}

−1.575− 1.05  −1.575 +1.05 

1 = –5.145 MPa 2 = – 5.67 MPa

Simplifying and integrating

(These answers match P6.11 for special case)

[Ts ] = Surface tractions

[Ns] = Shape function matrix evaluated along edge 1-2

2nd term in (A) (ym = y3)

Refer to Section 6.5 for [K]

= 4123 +=  = 4123 −= + (−7938) 2

INPUT TABLE 1. BASIC PARAMETERS

NUMBER OF NODAL POINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

MATERIAL MODULUS OF POISSON’S MATERIAL MATERIAL

1 0.105E+12 0.3000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.5000E–02

INPUT TABLE 4. ELEMENT DATA

OUTPUT TABLE 1. NODAL DISPLACEMENTS, m

NODE U = X-DISP. V = Y-DISP.

OUTPUT TABLE 2. STRESSES AT ELEMENT CENTROIDS

ELEMENT X Y SIGMA (X) SIGMA (Y) TAU (X, Y)

NUMBER OF NODAL POINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

INPUT TABLE 2. MATERAL PROPERTIES

MATERIAL MODULUS OF POISSON’S MATERIAL MATERIAL

INPUT TABLE 3. NODAL POINT DATA

INPUT TABLE 4. ELEMENT DATA

ELEMENT X Y SIGMA(X) SIGMA(Y) TAU(X, Y)