Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st Edition Underberg Test Bank Download

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Underberg and Norton, Argumentation: The Art of Civil Advocacy

SAGE Publishing, 2018
Argumentation The Art of Civil Advocacy 1st
Edition Underberg Norton 1506345670
9781506345673
Download full test bank at :
https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-argumentation-the-art-of-
civil-advocacy-1st-edition-underberg-norton-1506345670-
9781506345673/
Chapter 7: Supporting Your Arguments

Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A statement offered without any support is a(n) ______.

a. opinion
b. argument
c. assertion
d. preemptive challenge
Ans: c
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Supporting Arguments
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Ethel is about to give a speech to an audience that is hostile to her point of view. She should
______.
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a. use more personal examples
b. switch from a persuasive to informative objective
c. use more outside support
d. cancel the speech
Ans: c
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: When Do I Need to Use Outside Support?
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Stacey has decided to use only the most recent available evidence to support her argument. This
decision should ______.
a. enhance her credibility
b. make her persuasive to her audience
c. avoid the appearance of conflict of interest
d. be discouraged
Ans: d
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Is the Outside Support Dated?
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. When selecting testimony to support ideas ______.

a. select historical testimony
b. select the most elegant testimony possible
c. select lay testimony
d. select experts familiar to your audience
Ans: d
Answer Location: Is the Author of the Outside Support Credible?
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5. Herman is using a quotation by Ray Sawyer found in a Rolling Stone Magazine feature article.
Herman is using ______.
a. artistic proof
b. a secondary source
c. lay testimony
d. unfamiliar proof
Ans: b
Answer Location: Primary and Secondary Sources
6. The canons of rhetoric originated with ______.

a. Polus
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Cicero
Ans: d
Answer Location: General Evaluation of Outside Support
7. Advocates should ______ when citing the sources of their outside support.
a. employ paraphrase
b. follow guidelines that characterize good written communication
c. cite secondary publications as if they were primary sources
d. be explicit
Ans: d
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Answer Location: Why Do I Need to Use Outside Support?
8. Maria claims that vaping is harmless yet, when pressed, she is unable to provide support for her
statement. Maria’s claim should be considered ______.
a. inartistic proof
b. an informed opinion
c. an argument
d. an assertion
Ans: d
9. Zoe is preparing her argument by brainstorming about points she believes she should discuss.
She is practicing the rhetorical act of ______.
a. invention
b. disposition
c. memory
d. discernment
Ans: a
10. According to Aristotle, the use of written contracts as support is ______.

a. artistic proof
b. inartistic proof
c. definitive
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d. suspect
Ans: b
11. While researching a topic, Juan encounters a few sources that undermine his position. He
should ______.
a. ignore them as diversionary
b. change his claim
c. investigate the contrary information
d. consult secondary sources
Ans: c
12. Being unprepared for an argumentative exchange ______.

a. allows greater flexibility in responding
b. allows you to be more open-minded
c. conveys disrespect for an audience
d. is not an ethical issue
Ans: c
Answer Location: Outside Support Builds Audience Trust
13. Finding relevant things to say is known as ______.

a. invention
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b. intuition
c. inartistic proof
d. preemption
Ans: a
14. A publication that utilizes experts to review, critique, accept, or reject material prior to
publication ______.
a. is a primary source
b. is an echo chamber
c. assures quality content
d. is using peer review
Ans: d
Answer Location: Publication’s Reputation for Accuracy
15. Final responsibility for the accuracy of outside support used in an argument rests with ______.
a. the advocate using the evidence
b. the audience’s interpretation
c. the target audience
d. the publication’s peer review board
Ans: a
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True/False
1. Outside support is more effective when drawn from sources the audience knows and respects.
Ans: T
2. When conducting research, it is advisable that advocates avoid wasting time by consulting
sources that run counter to the advocate’s position.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Outside Support Checks Potential Speaker Bias
3. The quantity of outside support you should use to support your claims depends on your
credibility.
Ans: T
4. Proof which originates with the speaker is known as artistic proof.

Ans: T
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5. Because they are personal in nature, diverse opinions are equally valid.
Ans: F
6. Primary sources should generally be preferred to secondary sources.

Ans: T
7. Some advocates are given the “benefit of the doubt” by audiences who respect the advocate’s
good will.
Ans: T
8. Most mainstream media outlets require that the opinions expressed by their sources have
received some confirmation.
Ans: T
9. Standards for the evaluation and construction of arguments are often dictated by the situation.
Ans: T
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10. Holding strong opinions on the topic being argued can be a liability to the advocate.
Ans: T
11. While doing thorough research to support her argument, Mary is now at the stage where the
material she is locating tends to be uniform and repetitive. She could view this as an indication
that she is near the end of her research.
Ans: T
12. Speakers sometimes offer dramatic claims that go beyond what their outside support will
sustain.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Does the Evidence Support the Conclusion?
13. Outside support should enhance the reputation of the advocate.

Ans: T
Answer Location: Is the Author of the Outside Support Credible?
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14. Secondary sources are acceptable as outside support if the advocate is reasonably confident in
the quality of the publication.
Ans: T
15. Using old sources of information is never advisable.

Ans: F
Answer Location: Is the Outside Support Dated?
16. The advocate’s ability to use his or her own reasoning and to extract compelling claims from
available information is an exercise in inartistic proof.
Ans: F
17. The smaller the gap between the advocate’s position and the position of his or her audience,
the more useful outside support becomes.
Ans: F
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18. The nature of the forum in which an argument is made should not influence the advocate’s
selection and use of outside support.
Ans: F
19. When addressing an audience that firmly endorses their position, advocates should rely
primarily on shared clichés and commonplaces.
Ans: F
20. An important reason to gather outside support is that it helps the advocate check for his or her
potential bias.
Ans: T
Essay
1. In preparing her argument on the drawbacks of this country’s reliance on fossil fuels, Lucinda
uncovers a statistic that supports her position but is also so startling she has trouble believing it.
What factors should influence her decision on whether or not to use the evidence?
Ans: Use of the statistic should be driven by the speaker’s confidence in its reliability. Lucinda
should do additional research to confirm the accuracy of the evidence. She should use the evidence
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if she believes it would not harm her credibility and be aware that if she had trouble believing it
she might expect a similar reaction from the audience. Finally, she should weigh the advantages
of using unique and dramatic support against the liabilities of such evidence (i.e., it could be
rejected as exaggerated).
Cognitive Domain: Application
2. Has the use of social media and online news sites enhanced the quality of information used by
advocates? Why?
Ans: While online resources have greatly expanded the quantity of information available, the
quality of that outside information is increasingly suspect. The ideal answer will note the hazards
of using secondary (at best) sources that lack peer review. The credibility of web-based
information is often difficult to determine. If students have discussed “fake news,” “alternative
facts” and presidential communication by tweet, these examples might be incorporated.
Answer Location: Why Do I Need Outside Support? | General Evaluation of Outside Support
3. After making an impassioned argument for the legalization of physician-assisted suicide,

Morticia is informed by advocates taking a contrary position that much of her most compelling
testimony is misleading. Morticia agrees and apologizes, noting that she was relying solely on
information she obtained from the Final Exit Network (a group that supports assisted suicide even
when the individual is not terminally ill). Has Morticia acted as a responsible advocate?
Ans: No. Advocates are ultimately responsible for the truth of their statements. Responsible
research demands a bit of balance on the part of the researcher and the Final Exit Network can be
expected to provide only their side of the story. In this case, where the issue is quite literally a
matter of life or death, Morticia should have acted more responsibly and probably sought out
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differing views. The possibility that she relied so heavily on the Network as a secondary source
calls her information into question.
Answer Location: Outside Support Checks Potential Speaker Bias | Is the Author of the Support
Credible? | Primary and Secondary Sources | Publication’s Reputation for Accuracy
4. Ted has just listened to an advocate argue for the continued criminalization of marijuana.
Although the presentation is heavily laced with statistics and testimony, Ted still rejects the
speaker’s position. Given what your text suggests about the value of outside support, how do you
account for Ted’s reluctance to accept the proof that is offered?
Ans: It is not the use of outside support that is persuasive, it is the use of quality outside support.
Ted may not find the authors credible, may view the publications with suspicion, find the evidence
to be at odds with what he believes to be true, see the sources as biased or self-interested, or even
doubt the reliability of the speaker.
Answer Location: When Do I Need to Use Outside Support? | Does the Evidence Support the
Conclusion? | Is the Author of the Outside Support Credible? | Is the Publication From Which the
Information Is Drawn Reliable? | Is the Outside Support Dated?
5. Hillary Clinton was saddled with the reputation for being secretive and evasive. During her
failed presidential bid she was hurt by, among other things, charges that she had failed to reveal
the content of her emails, and that she was the object of an ongoing FBI investigation. How did
her reputation interfere with her ability to persuasively address charges of corruption?
Ans: Secrecy and evasion run contrary to our expectations for healthy argumentative behavior.
This climate of mistrust led many to view her defenses as insufficient owing to the adverse impact
her reputation had on her credibility. An ideal answer would stress how those who viewed her as
an unreliable narrator would likely question any evidence she might offer as her defense.
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Underberg and Norton, Argumentation: The Art of Civil Advocacy

Chapter 7: Supporting Your Arguments

1. A statement offered without any support is a(n) ______.

4. When selecting testimony to support ideas ______.

6. The canons of rhetoric originated with ______.

10. According to Aristotle, the use of written contracts as support is ______.

12. Being unprepared for an argumentative exchange ______.

13. Finding relevant things to say is known as ______.

4. Proof which originates with the speaker is known as artistic proof.

6. Primary sources should generally be preferred to secondary sources.

13. Outside support should enhance the reputation of the advocate.

15. Using old sources of information is never advisable.

3. After making an impassioned argument for the legalization of physician-assisted suicide,

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